He mau pilikia wela i kēia manawa ka pale pale SPD
1. Hoʻokaʻina o nā nalu hoʻokolohua
No ka hoʻāʻo pale pale SPD hoʻāʻo, aia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē e pili ana i nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo o ka papa I (Papa B, ʻAno 1), ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka uila, ka paio ma waena o nā kōmike IEC a me IEEE. :
(1) IEC 61643-1, i ka papa I (Papa B, ʻAno 1) hoʻāʻo o kēia manawa o ka pale pale pale, ka 10 / 350µs nalu he nalu hoʻokolohua.
(2) IEEE C62.45 'IEEE Pūnaewele pale uila haʻahaʻa - ʻĀpana 11 Pūnaewele pale i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana uila haʻahaʻa - Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano koi a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo i ka 8/20 waves hawewe e like me ka nalu hoʻokolohua.
Manaʻo nā mea ʻae o ka nalu 10 / 350µs i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka pale 100% i ka wā o ka uila, pono e hoʻohana i nā palena uila ikaika loa e hoʻāʻo i nā pono pale uila. E hoʻohana i 10 / 350µs nalu e ʻike ai iā LPS (Lightning Protection System) e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ia e poino maoli ʻia e ka uila. A manaʻo ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka nalu 8 / 20µs ma hope o 50 mau makahiki o ka hoʻohana, hōʻike ka nalu i kahi helu kiʻekiʻe loa.
I ʻOkakopa 2006, ua hui like nā lunamakaʻāinana o IEC a me IEEE a helu ʻia i kekahi mau kumuhana no ka noiʻi.
ʻO GB18802.1 mana lako SPD i nā nalu hoʻokolohua o ka papa I, II, a me nā ʻano III, e nānā i ka Papa 1.
Papa 1: Māhele hoʻāʻo pae I, II a me III
hōʻike | Nā papahana pailaka | Nā palena hoʻāʻo |
Papa I | IKapu | Ipiko, Q, W / R |
Papa II | Imax | 8 / 20µs |
Papa III | Uoc | 1.2 / 50µs -8 / 20µs |
Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻelua mau kūlana i nā kūlana hou ʻekolu e pili nei:
IEEE C62.41. 1 'IEEE Alakaʻi e pili ana i nā kaho kiʻekiʻe ma ka uila haʻahaʻa (1000V a ʻoi iki) AC Power Circuits', 2002
IEEE C62.41. 2 'IEEE ma ka hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hōʻike nei i nā pihi i ka uila haʻahaʻa (1000V a ʻoi iki) AC Power Circuits', 2002
IEEE C62.41. 2 'IEEE ma ka hana i koi ʻia ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka lakohana e pili ana i ka uila haʻahaʻa (1000V a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi) AC Power Circuits', 2002
Kahi 1: ʻAʻole kū pololei ka uila i ka hale.
Kahi 2: He hanana laha ʻole kēia: kuʻi ka uila i kahi hale pololei a i ʻole ka honua e pili ana i kahi hale i kuʻi ʻia e ka uila.
Paipai ka Pakuhi 2 i nā nalu hawewe pili, a hāʻawi ka Papa 3 i nā waiwai ikaika e kūlike i kēlā me kēia mahele.
Papa 2: Kahi AB C (Nānā 1) Kūpono Kūpono a me nā Waveforms Test Impact Impact a me nā Case 2 Parameter Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo.
Noho 1 | Noho 2 | ||||||
ʻAno Kahi | Nalu kani kani 100Khz | Nalu hui pū | E hoʻokaʻawale uila / ʻānō | Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo EFT 5/50 ns | 10/1000 .s nalu loloa | Huina hoʻopili | Pākuʻi pololei |
A | hae | hae | - | Additional | Additional | Nalu kani o ke ʻano B | Loiloi hihia |
B | hae | hae | - | Additional | Additional | ||
C haʻahaʻa | pono | hae | - | pono | Additional | ||
C kiʻekiʻe | pono | hae | pono | - |
Pakuhi 3: Kūlana SPD ma ka puka o ka ʻike hōʻike 2 A, B
Pae hōʻike | 10 / 350µs no nā ʻano SPD āpau | Koho ʻia nā 8 / 20µs no SPD me nā palena palena palena ʻole nonlinear voltage (Mov) C |
1 | 2 KA | 20 KA |
2 | 5 KA | 50 KA |
3 | 10 KA | 100 KA |
X | Kūkākūkā nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e koho i nā palena ma lalo a ʻoi paha |
'Ōlelo Aʻo:
A. kaupalena ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua i ka SPD i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka puka, ʻokoʻa ia mai nā kūlana a me nā nalu hou aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia i kēia ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, koe wale no SPD.
B. Pili nā kumukūʻai i luna i kēlā me kēia hōʻike o ka SPD multi-phase.
C. ʻO ka ʻike kahua hana kūleʻa o SPD me C haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka pae hōʻike 1 hōʻike e hiki ke koho i nā palena haʻahaʻa.
"ʻAʻohe nalu kikoʻī e hiki ke hōʻike i nā wahi piʻi āpau, no laila pono e hoʻomaʻalahi ʻia ka honua maoli paʻakikī i kekahi mau nalu hoʻokolohua maʻamau maʻalahi. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wahi o ka piʻi ʻana e hāʻawi i ka uila a me ke au pono e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ke kaiapuni piʻi. ”
"ʻO ke kumu o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā nalu hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike e hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻolālā lako a me nā mea hoʻohana me nā nalu maʻamau a me nā nalu e pili ana i ka pae. ʻO nā kumukūʻai i manaʻo ʻia no nā nalu maʻamau ka maʻalahi o nā hopena i loaʻa mai ke kālailai ʻana i kahi nui o ka ʻikepili ana. E ʻae ka maʻalahi i kahi kikoʻī hou a maikaʻi hoʻi no ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā lakohana e pili ana i nā lako uila AC uila haʻahaʻa. ”
ʻO ka uila a me nā nalu o kēia manawa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokolohua uila palena palena SPD o nā kelepila a me nā pūnaewele hōʻailona e hōʻike ʻia i ka Papa 4.
Papa 4: anakahi uila a me ka nalu o ka hopena hopena (Papa 3 o GB18802-1)
Helu waeʻano | ʻAno hoʻāʻo | E wehe kaapuna uila UOC | Pokole puni kēia manawa Isc | Ka helu o nā noi |
A1 A2 | Kū mālie loa ʻo AC | ≥1kV (0.1-100) kV / S (Koho mai ka Papa 5) | 10A, (0.1-2) A / µs ≥1000µS (laula) (Koho mai ka Papa 5) | - Pōʻaiapuni hoʻokahi |
B1 B2 B3 | Piʻi mālie | 1kV, 10/1000 1kV, a i ʻole 4kV, 10/700 ≥1kV, 100V / µs | 100A, 10/100 25A, a i ʻole 100A, 5/300 (10, 25, 100) A, 10/1000 | 300 300 300 |
ʻEkolu C1 C2 C3 | Piʻi wikiwiki | 0.5kV a i ʻole 1kV, 1.2 / 50 (2,4,10) kV, 1.2 / 50 ≥1kV, 1kV / µs | 0.25kA a i ʻole 0.5kA, 8/20 (1,2,5) kA, 8/20 (10,25,100) A, 10/1000 | 300 10 300 |
D1 D2 | Kaha kiʻekiʻe | ≥1kV ≥1kV | (0.5,1,2.5) kA, 10/350 1kA, a i ʻole 2.5kA, 10/250 | 2 5 |
Kaha: hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena ma waena o ka laina laina a me ka maʻi maʻamau. Hoʻoholo ʻia ma waena o nā laina laina e hoʻoholo ʻia e like me ke kūpono. ʻO ka SPD no ka lako mana a me ka SPD no ke kelepona ʻana a me nā pūnaewele hōʻailona pono e hana i kahi formform test waveform i hoʻohui ʻia i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka voltage paʻa o nā lakohana.
2.Voltage switch type a me ke ʻano palena palena uila
I ka mōʻaukala wā lōʻihi, ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke anakahi uila a me ke ʻano kaupalena uila e hoʻomohala, hoʻokūkū, kākoʻo, hana hou, a me ka hana hou. Ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia ke ʻano ʻāpana ea o ke ʻano kuapo uila i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, akā hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau kīnā. O lākou:
(1) ʻO ka pae mua (pae B) e hoʻohana ana i ka 10 / 350µs spark gap type SPD i hana i kahi helu nui o nā waihona lako kamaʻilio kahua paʻa o nā ʻino uila nui.
(2) Ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka manawa pane o ka hunaahi SPD i ka uila, ke loaʻa ka SPD āpau i ke kahua paʻa, a ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kahi SPD ʻē aʻe no ka pale o ka pae ʻelua (pae C), hiki i ka uila ke hoʻonā i ka uila hāmeʻa o nā hāmeʻa.
(3) Ke hoʻohana nei ke kahua kahua i ka pale ʻelua a me B a me C, hiki i ka hakahaka o ka wā pane a SDP i ka uila i mea e hele ai nā kahe uila i loko o ka pale C-level voltage-palena pale, e hana i ka pale C-level e poino i ka uila.
(4) Aia paha kahi makapō o ka hoʻokuʻu hunaahi ma waena o ka hana pū ʻana o ka ikehu ma waena o ka ʻāpana a me ke ʻano palena palena (ʻo ka maka makapō ka manaʻo ʻaʻohe puka o ka momoku i loko o ka hakahaka i hoʻokuʻu ʻia) hana ʻole, a pono ka pae ʻelua (pae C) e kū kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻeha ka uila i ka mea pale C-level e hōʻino ʻia e ka uila (kaupalena ʻia e ka wahi o ke kahua paʻa, ʻo ka mamao decoupling ma waena o nā pou ʻelua e koi ana ʻo SPD ma kahi o 15 mau mika). No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka pae mua ke hoʻohana i ka type SPD e hana pū me ka pae CD SPD.
(5) Pili ka inductance i ka moʻo ma waena o nā pae ʻelua o ka pale e hana i kahi mea decoupling e hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka mamao pale ma waena o nā pae ʻelua o SPD. Aia paha kahi pilikia makapō a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo i waena o nā mea ʻelua. Wahi a ka hoʻolauna: “Hoʻohana ʻia ka Inductance ma ke ʻano he depletion a me ka formform nalu He pilina pili loa ko ke ʻano. No nā kinikini hawewe-hapa lōʻihi (e like me 10 / 350µs), ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hopena decollpling inductor (ʻaʻole hiki i ka type gap type plus inductor ke hoʻokō i nā pono palekana o nā pae uila ʻokoʻa ke lele ka uila). Ke hoʻopau nei i nā mea, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka manawa piʻi a me ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka uila. " Eia hou, ʻoiai inā hoʻohui ʻia ka inductance, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia ka pilikia o ka ʻāpana ʻano SPD a hiki i kahi o 4kV, a hōʻike ka hana ma ke kahua ma hope o ka hakahaka o ka SPD a me ka huina ʻano SPD e pili ana i ka moʻo, ka C- pae 40kA module i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ka lako mana hoʻololi e nalo ka SPD Nui nā moʻolelo e luku ʻia e ka uila.
(6) Nui ka nui o nā di / dt a me du / dt o ke ʻano gap-type SPD. ʻO ka hopena ma nā ʻāpana semiconductor i loko o nā lakohana pale ʻia ma hope o ka pae mua SPD ʻike nui ʻia.
(7) Spark gap SPD me ka ʻole o ka hana indication deterioration
(8) ʻAʻole hiki i ka SPD gap type SPD ke hoʻomaopopo i nā hana o ka alarm alarm a me ka hōʻailona mamao loa (i kēia manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia e LED e hōʻike i ke kūlana hana o kāna kaapuni kōkua, a ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hōʻino a me ka hōʻino o ka uila. pale), no laila no ia no nā kahua kahua kiaʻi ʻole ʻia, hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana kūpono i ka SPD intermittent.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: mai ke kuanaʻike o nā palena, nā ʻōuli, a me nā kumu hana e like me ke koena koena, ka mamao decoupling, ke kūpā ʻana o ka uila, ka manawa pane, ʻaʻohe pū waikō pōʻino, a me ka hōʻailona hewa ʻole o ka hewa, hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hunaahi SPD ma ke kahua kahua. ka hana palekana o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana, hoʻomau ka SPD gap-type SPD e lanakila i kāna mau hemahema ponoʻī, ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia ʻano SPD e hōʻike i nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I nā makahiki he 15 i hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia ka nui o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻano hakahaka o ke ea (e nānā i ka Papa 5):
I nā kūlana o ka hana, loaʻa i ka hanauna hou o nā huahana nā pōmaikaʻi o ka voltage residual haʻahaʻa, ka nui o ke kahe, a me ka liʻiliʻi. Ma o ka noi ʻana o ka ʻenehana micro-gap trigger, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mamao o ka palena 0 XNUMX me ka SPD palena palena a me ka hoʻohui o ka SPD palena palena. Hoʻopili pū ia no ka nele o ka pane a hoʻonui maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana pale uila. I nā ʻōlelo o ka hana, hiki i ka hanauna hou o nā huahana ke hōʻoia i ka hana palekana o ka huahana āpau e ka nānā ʻana i ka hana o ka circuit trigger. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe wela i loko o ka huahana e hōʻalo i ka puhi ʻana o ka pū o waho; ʻae ʻia kahi ʻenehana wehe ākea nui i loko o ka electrode i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hōʻalo ai i ke kahe mau ma hope o nā keʻa zero. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi hana alalai hōʻailona mamao e koho i ka nui like o nā uila uila, a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe.
Papa 5: Hoʻolālā maʻamau o ka hakahaka spark
3. Nā mea like a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka telecommunication SPD a me ka mana lako SPD
Papa 6: Nā mea like a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka telecommunication SPD a me ka mana lako SPD
papahana | Mana SPD | Telecom SPD |
hoouna aku | ikehu | ʻIkepili, analog, a kikohoʻe paha. |
Māhele mana | AC pinepine DC a DC paha | ʻO nā alapine hana like ʻole mai DC a UHF |
pae'ōnaehana anakahi uila | High | Low (ʻike i ka papa ma lalo) |
Kumumanaʻo palekana | Hoʻohui hoʻohuihui Pākuʻi pale SPD, pae pae hoʻomanawanui | Hoʻohui uila uila electromagnetic Pākuʻi pale SPD level ʻaʻole hiki i ka pae ahonui ke hoʻololi i ka lawe ʻana o ka hōʻailona |
hae | GB / T16935.1 / IEC664-1 | GB / T1762.5 IEC61000-4-5 |
Nalu hoʻokolohua | 1.2 / 50µs a i ʻole 8 / 20µs | 1.2 / 50µs -8 / 20µs |
Kaapuni kaapuni | Low | High |
Kahului | loaa | ʻAʻole |
Nā mea nui | Mov a me ke ʻano kuapo | GDT, ABD, TSS |
Papa 7: ʻO ka uila hana maʻamau o ka kamaʻilio SPD
ʻAʻole. | ʻAno laina kamaʻilio | Loipālākiō e hana ana anakahi uila (V) | SPD kā mākou hana uila (V) | Ka helu maʻamau (B / S) | ʻAno Kūmole |
1 | DDN / Xo25 / Frame Relay | <6, a i ʻole 40-60 | 18 a 80 | 2 M a ʻoi aku paha | RJ / ASP |
2 | xDSL | <6 | 18 | 8 M a ʻoi aku paha | RJ / ASP |
3 | 2M kikohoʻe relay | <5 | 6.5 | 2 M | Coaxial BNC |
4 | ISDN | 40 | 80 | 2 M | RJ |
5 | Laina kelepona analog | <110 | 180 | 64 K | RJ |
6 | 100M Ethernet | <5 | 6.5 | 100 M | RJ |
7 | Ethernet Coaxial | <5 | 6.5 | 10 M | Coaxial BNC Coaxial N |
8 | RS232 | <12 | 18 | SD | |
9 | RS422 / 485 | <5 | 6 | 2 M | ASP / SD |
10 | Uila wikiō | <6 | 6.5 | Coaxial BNC | |
11 | Coaxial BNC | <24 | 27 | ASP |
4. ʻO ka laulima ʻana ma waena o ka pale o waho i waho o ka wā a me SPD
Nā koina no ka pale ʻana i kēia manawa (circuit breaker a i ʻole fuse) i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale:
(1) E mālama me GB / T18802.12: 2006 "Surge Protection Device (SPD) ʻĀpana 12: Koho a me nā ʻōkuhi hoʻohana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoili uila haʻahaʻa", "Ke hui pū ʻo SPD a me nā mea pale pale o kēia manawa, ka inoa ma lalo o ka hoʻokuʻu I, paipai ʻia ʻaʻole e holo ka mea pale i kēia manawa; ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ke au ma mua o In, hiki i ka mea pale i kēia manawa ke hana. No kahi pale pale hou o kēia manawa, e like me ka mea haki kaapuni, ʻaʻole pono ia e hōʻino ʻia e kēia piʻi. "
(2) Pono e koho ʻia ka waiwai o kēia manawa o ka pono hana pale pale e like me ka nui o ke kaapuni pōkole i hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hoʻokomo SPD a me ke kū kaapuni kūpale i ka hiki o ka SPD (hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hana SPD ), ʻo ia hoʻi, "SPD a me ka pale i kēia manawa e pili ana iā ia. ʻO ke kaapuni pōkole (hana ʻia inā ʻaʻole holo ka SPD) o ka hāmeʻa like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā kaapuni pōkole i manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻouka ʻana. "
(3) Pono e māʻona ka pilina koho ma waena o ka hāmeʻa palekana F1 a me ka SPD kūwaho kūwaho F2 ma ka puka komo mana. ʻO ke kiʻi uea o ka hoʻāʻo penei:
Penei nā hopena noiʻi:
(a) Ke anakahi uila a me nā mea kuʻi
U (uha kaapuni) ≥ 1.1U (fuse)
ʻO U (SPD + pale pale i kēia manawa) ka hōʻuluʻulu vector o U1 (pale pale i kēia manawa) a me U2 (SPD).
(b) Ke kūlana o kēia manawa e hiki ai i ka fuse a i ʻole ka mea haʻihaʻi ke kū
Ma lalo o ke kūlana i hana ʻole ai ka mea pale i kēia manawa, e ʻike i ke kahe o ka piʻina ʻoi loa i hiki i ka fuse a me ka mea haki kaapuni me nā kahawai i helu ʻia ke kū aʻe. ʻO ke kaapuni hōʻike e like me ka hōʻike i ke kiʻi ma luna. Penei ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana: ʻo ka I inrush i noi ʻia i kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole holo ka fuse a i ʻole ka mea haʻihaʻi. Ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo 1.1 mau manawa i ka au o ka inrush I, hana ia. Ma o nā hoʻokolohua, ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau palena iki i koho ʻia i koi ʻia no nā mea pale i kēia manawa ʻaʻole e hana ma lalo o ke au o ka inrush (8 / 20µs nalu a i ʻole 10 / 350µs nalu i kēia manawa). E nānā i ka papa ʻaina:
Pakuhi 8: Ka palena iki o ka fuse a me ka breaker circuit ma lalo o ke au o ka inrush me kahi nalu o 8 / 20µs
ʻikuwai kēia manawa (8 / 20µs) kA | Palena liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka pale | |
Fuse Loipālākiō au A | ʻO ka haʻihaʻi kaapuni i koho ʻia i kēia au A | |
5 | 16 gG | 6 ʻAno C |
10 | 32 gG | 10 ʻAno C |
15 | 40 gG | 10 ʻAno C |
20 | 50 gG | 16 ʻAno C |
30 | 63 gG | 25 ʻAno C |
40 | 100 gG | 40 ʻAno C |
50 | 125 gG | 80 ʻAno C |
60 | 160 gG | 100 ʻAno C |
70 | 160 gG | 125 ʻAno C |
80 | 200 gG | - |
Papa 9: ʻAʻole hoʻohana ka waiwai liʻiliʻi o ka fuse a me ka breaker circuit ma lalo o ke au o 10 / 350µ
Inrush current (10 / 350µs) kA | Palena liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka pale | |
Fuse Loipālākiō au A | ʻO ka haʻihaʻi kaapuni i koho ʻia i kēia au A | |
15 | 125 gG | Paipai e koho mōlina hihia kaapuni nalu (MCCB) |
25 | 250 gG | |
35 | 315 gG |
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka papa ma luna aʻe nā nui palena iki no ka hana ʻole o 10 / 350µs fuse a me nā mea haki kaapuni nui loa, no laila e noʻonoʻo mākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mīkini pale pale kuikawa kūikawā.
I nā kūlana o kāna hana a me kāna hana, pono ia i ka hopena kūʻē nui a hoʻokūkū pū me ka mea haki kaapuni ʻoi aku a fuse paha.