Nā Paha no nā Alanui Kaapuni a me nā Hāmeʻa Kākoʻo Pahu Kelepona a me nā hāmeʻa palena palena uila

No ke aha e pale aku ai?

Ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana uila: Nā kaʻaahi, nā metro, nā kaʻa kaʻaahi

ʻO nā halihali kaʻaahi i ka nui, inā ma lalo o ka honua, ka honua a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻa kaʻaahi, kau nui i ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi o ke kaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pale ʻole o ka poʻe. No kēia kumu e koi aku nā mea uila uila āpau (sophisticated) (e laʻa me ka kaohi, hōʻailona a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻike) i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi e kū ai i nā pono no ka hana palekana a me ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe. No nā kumu waiwai, ʻaʻohe lawa o ka ikaika dielectric o kēia mau ʻōnaehana no nā hihia kūpono āpau o nā hopena mai ka overvoltage a no laila pono e hoʻopili pono ʻia ka palekana maikaʻi loa i nā koi kikoʻī o ka halihali kaʻaahi. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka pale lūlū paʻakikī o nā ʻōnaehana uila a me nā uila ma nā alahao he hapa wale nō ia o ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻenehana pale a me kahi hoʻopukapuka liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā pohō hopena i hopena ʻia e ka ʻole a me ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o nā lakohana. Hiki ke kumu ʻia nā pohō e nā hopena o ka uila uila i nā uila uila ʻelua a pololei ʻole paha, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hana, nā holomua a i ʻole nā ​​uila uila i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā ʻāpana metala o nā pono uila.

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻolālā pale kūpikipiki maikaʻi loa ka paʻakikī a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā SPD a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka equipotential e ka pili pololei a pololei ʻole paha. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka maʻalahi ma ke kau ʻana i nā hāmeʻa pale pale i nā hoʻokomo a pau a me nā hopena o ka hāmeʻa a me nā ʻōnaehana, i pale ʻia nā laina mana, nā hōʻailona a me nā kamaʻilio kamaʻilio. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke hoʻohui pū ʻana o nā pale me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā SPD me nā ʻano pale ʻē aʻe i ka pololei ma ke kaʻina pololei i mea e palena iki ai nā kaohi uila i ka pae palekana no ka hāmeʻa pale. ʻO nā mea palena palena anakahi uila kekahi ʻāpana nui o ka pale ākea o nā ala uila uila. Mālama lākou e pale i ka uila hiki ʻole ke paʻi ʻia ma nā ʻāpana hao o nā pono o ke alahao ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pili manawa a paʻa paha o nā ʻāpana conductive me ke kaapuni hoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana traction. Ma kēia hana pale lākou i ka poʻe hiki ke hoʻopili aku me kēia mau ʻaoʻao conductive i hōʻike ʻia.

He aha a pehea e pale ai?

Nā Pūnaewele Pahu Kūkaʻi (SPD) no nā kahua kaʻaahi a me nā alahao

Nā laina lako mana AC 230/400 V

Mālama nui nā kahua kaʻaahi e kāpae i ke kaʻaahi no ka hōʻea ʻana a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā mea kaʻa. I loko o nā wahi he nui ka ʻike, ka hoʻokele, ka mālama a me ka ʻōnaehana palekana no ka halihali kaʻaahi, akā ʻo nā ʻano pono like ʻole e like me nā lumi kali, nā hale ʻaina, nā hale kūʻai, a pēlā aku, e pili ana i ka pūnaewele lako mana like a, ma muli o kā lākou pili uila. wahi, pilikia paha lākou mai ka holo pono ʻole ʻana o ke kaapuni mana uila traction. No ka mālama ʻana i ka hana manuahi ʻole o kēia mau hāmeʻa, pono e hoʻouka i kahi pale kolu pae pae ma nā laina mana uila AC. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia o nā hāmeʻa pale LSP piʻi aʻe penei:

• Papa hoʻoili nui (substation, hoʻokomo laina aho) - SPD ʻAno 1, e laʻa FLP50, a i 'ole ka hui' ana o ka uila i kēia manawa a me ka mea nāna i hopu ka 'āpana 1 + 2, e laʻa FLP12,5.
• Nā papa hoʻolauna Sub - ka pale ʻelua, SPD ʻAno 2, e laʻa SLP40-275.
• Nā ʻenehana / meahana - pale ʻekolu, SPD ʻAno 3,

- Inā kū pololei nā mea i pale ʻia i loko a kokoke paha i ka papa hāʻawi, a laila pono e hoʻohana i ka SPD ʻAno 3 no ke kau ʻana ma ka laina DIN 35 mm, e like me SLP20-275.

- I nā hihia o ka pale kaapuni pololei ka pale i kahi e pili ai nā polokalamu IT e like me nā mea kope, nā kamepiula, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila kūpono SPD no ke kau hou ʻana i nā pahu kumu. FLD.

- Ka hapanui o ke ana ʻana o kēia manawa a me ka ʻenehana kāohi e kāohi ʻia e microprocessors a me nā kamepiula. No laila, me ka pale ʻana i ka pale overvoltage, pono nō hoʻi e hoʻopau i ka hopena o ke alalai pinepine ʻana o ka lekiō i hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka hana kūpono, e laʻa me ka "anuanu" i ka mea hana, e hoʻopili i ka ʻikepili a i ʻole hoʻomanaʻo. No kēia mau noi a LSP e paipai nei iā FLD. Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻikena i koi ʻia i kēia manawa.

Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau hale kaʻaahi ponoʻī, ʻo kahi ʻāpana nui o nā hana āpau ke ala kaʻaahi me ka laulā o ka kaohi, ka nānā ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona (e like me nā kukui hōʻailona, ​​hoʻopili uila, nā pale keʻa, nā kaʻa huila kaʻa a pēlā aku.). ʻO kā lākou pale ʻana i nā hopena o nā uila kahe he mea nui loa ia e pili ana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana manuahi ʻole.

• No ka pale ʻana i kēia mau hāmeʻa kūpono ke hoʻouka i ka SPD ʻAno 1 i loko o ka pou lako mana, a i ʻole huahana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi mai ka pae FLP12,5, SPD ʻAno 1 + 2, mahalo i kahi pae pale haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka lakohana.

No nā pono alahao e pili pololei a pili ana paha i nā ala hao (ʻo kahi laʻana, kahi hāmeʻa e helu ana i ke kaʻa), pono e hoʻohana i ka FLD, ka hāmeʻa palena palena uila, e uku i nā ʻokoʻa kūpono ma waena o nā ala a me ka lepo pale i nā pono. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka maʻalahi DIN rail 35 mm ke kau ʻana.

ʻ technologyihana ʻenehana

ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻōnaehana halihali kaʻaahi nā ʻenehana kamaʻilio āpau a me kā lākou pale pono. Aia kekahi mau laina kamaʻilio kikohoʻe a analogue paha e hana ana ma nā kaula metala kuʻuna a i ʻole wirelessly. No ka pale ʻana i nā pono e pili ana i kēia mau kaapuni hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e laʻa me kēia mau mea hopu LSP:

• ʻO ka laina kelepona me ADSL a i ʻole VDSL2 - e laʻa me RJ11S-TELE ma ka puka o ka hale a kokoke i nā pono pale.
• Nā pūnaewele Ethernet - pale pale ākea no nā pūnaewele ʻikepili a me nā laina i hui pū ʻia me PoE, e laʻa me DT-CAT-6AEA.
• Ke laina antena coaxial no ke kamaʻilio uila - e laʻa me DS-N-FM

Nā laina hōʻailona hōʻailona a me nā ʻikepili

ʻO nā laina o ke ana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pono pono i nā pono uila e pono nō hoʻi, pale ʻia hoʻi mai nā hopena o nā piʻi a me ka overvoltage i mea e mālama ai i ka hilinaʻi nui a me ka hoʻohana. ʻO kahi laʻana o ka noi ʻana o ka pale LSP no ka ʻikepili a me nā kikowaena pūnaewele hiki ke:

• Ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻailona a me nā laina ana i nā lakohana kaʻaahi - piʻi ka arrester ST 1 + 2 + 3, e laʻa me FLD.

He aha a pehea e pale ai?

Palena palena palena i nā hāmeʻa (VLD) no nā kahua kaʻaahi a me nā kaʻa kaʻaahi

I ka hana maʻamau ma nā alahao, ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka uila i ke kaapuni hoʻihoʻi, a i ʻole e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hewa, aia paha ma laila nā uila i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia ma nā ʻāpana hiki ke loaʻa ma waena o ka hoʻi kaapuni a me ka hiki o ka honua, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana conductive i hōʻike ʻia i lalo. , nā kūpeʻe lima a me nā pono hana ʻē aʻe). Ma nā wahi e hiki ai i ka poʻe e like me nā kahua kaʻaahi a i ʻole nā ​​ala, pono e kaupalena ʻia kēia uila i kahi waiwai palekana e ke kau ʻana o nā Hāmeʻa Palena Uila (VLD). ʻO kā lākou hana ke hoʻokumu i kahi pilina kuʻuna a paʻa paha o nā ʻaoʻao conductive i hōʻike ʻia me ke kaapuni hoʻihoʻi i ka manawa ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻae i ka uila. Ke koho ʻana iā VLD pono e noʻonoʻo inā pono ka hana o VLD-F, VLD-ʻO a i ʻole ʻelua paha, e like me ka defi ned ma EN 50122-1. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana conductive o ka overhead a i ʻole nā ​​laina traction i ka huakaʻi hoʻi pololei a i ʻole ma o ka hāmeʻa VLD-F. No laila, manaʻo ʻia nā uila e kaupalena ana i nā hāmeʻa ʻano VLD-F no ka pale ʻana inā hewa, no ka laʻana o ke kaapuni pōkole o ka ʻōnaehana uila me ka ʻaoʻao conductive i hōʻike ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana VLD-O i ka hana maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka palena o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka uila i hoʻopā ʻia e ka hiki i ke kaʻaahi i ka wā o ke kaʻaahi. ʻO ka hana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka uila ʻaʻole ia ka pale ʻana i nā uila a me nā ʻeke hoʻololi. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia pale e Surge Protective Devices (SPD). Ua loaʻa nā koi ma nā VLD i nā loli me ka mana hou o ka standard EN 50526-2 a aia kekahi mau koi loea kiʻekiʻe loa iā lākou i kēia manawa. Wahi a kēia kūlana, hoʻolaha ʻia nā palena palena uila VLD-F ma ke ʻano he papa 1 a me VLD-ʻO e like me ka papa 2.1 a me ka papa 2.2.

Mālama ʻo LSP i nā ʻoihana alahao

Hōʻalo i ka manawa wā iho o nā ʻōnaehana a me nā hoʻohaunaele i nā pono o ke alahao

ʻO ka holo mālie o ka ʻenehana kaʻaahi e kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hana kūpono o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi, uila a uila. ʻO ka loaʻa mau o kēia ʻōnaehana akā naʻe, hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka uila a me ka hoʻopili electromagnetic. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻopōʻino a luku ʻia hoʻi nā alakaʻi, nā mea e hoʻopili ana, nā modula a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōnaehana kamepiula ke kumu kumu o nā haunaele a me ka hoʻoponopono pilikia manawa lōʻihi. ʻO kēia, ma ke ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kaʻa hope a me nā koina kiʻekiʻe.

E hoʻemi i nā hoʻowahāwahā kumu kūʻai a hōʻemi i ka wā wā iho o ka ʻōnaehana ... me kahi manaʻo palekana uila a me nā ʻākea i kūlike ʻia i kāu koi kūikawā.

Nā kumu o ka hoʻohaunaele a me ka hōʻino

ʻO kēia nā kumu maʻamau o nā disruptions, downtime ʻōnaehana a me nā pohō i nā ʻōnaehana uila.

• Pā pololei ka uila

Kū ka uila i nā laina hulina ma luna, nā ala a i ʻole nā ​​kia i alakaʻi pinepine ʻia i nā haunaele a i ʻole kūleʻa ʻōnaehana.

• Kū ka uila uila ʻole

Pā ka uila i kahi hale kokoke a i ʻole ka honua. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka overvoltage ma o nā kaula a i ʻole inductively induced, hōʻino a luku paha i nā mea uila i pale ʻole ʻia.

• Nā kahua kūpale electromagnetic

Hiki i ka Overvoltage ke pili ke pili nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole ma muli o kā lākou kokoke kekahi i kekahi, e laʻa me nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona hoʻomālamalama ʻia ma luna o nā alaloa, nā laina hoʻoili uila kiʻekiʻe a me nā laina pili luna no nā alahao.

• Nā hanana i loko o ka ʻōnaehana uila ponoʻī

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hana a me ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i nā fuse kekahi mea hopohopo hou aʻe no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i nā piʻi a hana i ka hōʻino.

I ke kaʻaahi kaʻa e nānā ai e uku ʻia i ka palekana a me ka hana ʻole i ka hana ʻole, a me ka pale ʻole o ka poʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi. Ma muli o nā kumu i luna e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana i nā kaʻa kaʻaahi e hōʻike i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi e pili ana i nā pono o ka hana palekana. ʻO ka likelihood o kahi hanana ʻole ma muli o nā voltages kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e hoʻemi ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā uila i hopu ʻia i kēia manawa nā mea hopu a me nā pono pale pale i hana ʻia e LSP.

Ka pale ʻana i nā pūnaewele nui o 230/400 V AC
I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hana ʻole kīnā ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele rail ua noi ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā pae he ʻekolu o SPD i ka laina lako mana. ʻO ka papa pale mua i loko o ka FLP series protection protection device, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae ʻelua e ka SLP SPD, a ʻo ke kolu o ka pae i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me ka hiki i nā pono hana pale i hōʻike ʻia e ka moʻo TLP me ka HF interrupt suppressor filter.

Nā pono hana kamaʻilio a me nā kaapuni kaohi
Pale aku nā kahawai kamaʻilio me SPDs o ka FLD type series, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio i hoʻohana ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale ʻana o ka circuitry kaohi a me nā ʻoihana ʻikepili ma ka FRD uila hahau i kēia manawa nā mea hopu.

Pale ka uila: Ke hoʻokele nei i kēlā kaʻaahi

Ke manaʻo mākou i ka pale uila e pili ana i ka ʻoihana a me nā pōpilikia e noʻonoʻo mākou e pili ana i nā mea maopopo. ʻAilika a me Ke Kinoea, Kūkākūkā, Mana hanauna, Nā pono a pēlā aku. Akā he kakaikahi o mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā kaʻaahi, nā alahao a i ʻole nā ​​halihali lehulehu. Kainō? ʻO nā kaʻaahi a me nā ʻōnaehana e holo nei iā lākou e like me ka maʻalahi i ka uila ʻana e like me nā mea āpau a me ka hopena o ka uila i nā ʻoihana kaʻaahi hiki ke keʻakeʻa a i kekahi manawa pōʻino. ʻO ka uila kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻōnaehana alahao a me ka lehulehu o nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana e pono ai e kūkulu i nā alahao ma waena o ka honua.

Kū pinepine nā kaʻaahi a me nā ʻōnaehana uila i nā manawa pinepine aʻe ma mua o kā mākou e manaʻo nei. I ka 2011, kahi kaʻaahi ma Kina Hikina (ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Wenzhou, Zhejiang Panalāʻau) i kuʻi ʻia e ka uila i kū pono iā ia i kāna mau ala e ka mana kīkēkē. ʻO kahi kaʻaahi pōkā holo wikiwiki i kū i ke kaʻaahi kūpono ʻole. Ua make he 43 poʻe a ua hōʻeha ʻia kekahi 210. ʻO ka nui o ke kumukūʻai i ʻike ʻia no ka pōʻino he $ 15.73 Million.

I loko o kahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele ʻo UK i ʻōlelo ʻia aia ma UK “Ua hōʻino ka uila i nā hanana Rail ma kahi awelika o 192 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma waena o 2010 a me 2013, me kēlā me kēia neʻe ʻana e alakaʻi ana i 361 mau minuke o ka hoʻopaneʻe. Eia hou, 58 mau kaʻaahi i ka makahiki i kāpae ʻia ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻia e ka uila. ” He hopena nui kēia mau hanana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kālepa.

I ka 2013, ua hopu ʻia kahi kamaʻāina ma ka uila e paʻi ana i kahi kaʻaahi ma Iapana. Ua pōmaikaʻi ka hana ʻole ʻana o ka ʻōlapa i nā ʻeha, akā hiki ke hōʻino ʻia inā ua kū ma kahi kūpono. Mahalo iā lākou i koho i ka pale uila no nā ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi. Ma Iapana ua koho lākou e hele i kahi ala e pale aku ai i nā ʻōnaehana alahao ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena palekana uila a ʻo Hitachi ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokō.

ʻO ka uila ka hoʻoweliweli helu 1 no ka hana o nā alahao, keu hoʻi ma lalo o nā ʻōnaehana hana hou me nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e kūʻē i ka piʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) i hopena ʻia e ka uila e like me ka hopena o kāna hopena.

Eia aʻe kekahi o nā hihia hihia o ka pale ʻana i nā kukui no nā alahao pilikino ma Iapana.

Kaulana ʻo Tsukuba Express Line no ka hana pono me ka manawa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻolako ʻia kā lākou hana kamepiula a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele me ka ʻōnaehana pale uila maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 2006 kahi hekili nui i hōʻino i nā ʻōnaehana a hoʻohaunaele i kāna mau hana. Ua noi ʻia ʻo Hitachi e nīnau i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia a noi i kahi hopena.

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka noi i ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka Dissipation Array Systems (DAS) me nā kikoʻī aʻe:

Mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o DAS, ʻaʻohe pōʻino uila i kēia mau pono kikoʻī ma mua o 7 mau makahiki. Ua alakaʻi kēia kūmole kūleʻa i ka hoʻokomo mau ʻana o DAS ma kēlā me kēia kahua ma kēia laina i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka 2007 a hiki i kēia manawa. Me kēia kūleʻa, ua hoʻokō ʻo Hitachi i nā ʻano pale pale kukui like ʻole no nā wahi kaʻaahi pilikino ʻē aʻe (7 mau hui kaʻaahi pilikino e like me kēia manawa).

I ka hopena, hoʻoweliweli mau ka uila i nā pono me nā hana koʻikoʻi a me nā ʻoihana, ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana alahao e like me nā mea i luna aʻe nei. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana kalepaʻi e pili ana i nā hana laumania a me ka manawa liʻiliʻi e pono ai e pale maikaʻi ʻia i kā lākou mau pono mai nā ʻano makaʻala ʻole ʻia. Me nā Solutions Protection Lightning (me ka ʻenehana DAS), makemake nui ʻo Hitachi e hāʻawi a hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kāna ʻoihana.

Pale ka Uila o nā Rail a me nā ʻoihana pili

He paʻakikī a me ke aloha ʻole ke kaona kaʻaahi. Hoʻokumu maoli ka hoʻolālā traction overhead i kahi antena uila nui. Pono kēia i kahi ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo e pale aku i nā mea i paʻa i ke kaʻa hao, i kau ʻia a i ʻole kokoke i ke ala, e kūʻē ana i nā ʻū uila. He aha ka mea i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hāme uila uila haʻahaʻa i ke kaona kaʻaahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ulu nā hoʻonohonoho hōʻailona mai nā hoʻopili mechanical i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā mea uila loea sophisticated. Hoʻohui ʻia, lawe mai i ka nānā ʻana i nā hanana uila i nā ʻōnaehana uila he nui. No laila ka pono koʻikoʻi no ka pale uila i nā ʻano āpau o ka pūnaewele rail. ʻO ka ʻike maoli a ka mea kākau i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana uila e kaʻana like ʻia me ʻoe.

Introduction

ʻOiai ke nānā nei kēia pepa i ka ʻike i ke kaona kaʻaahi, e pili like nā kumu hoʻomalu no nā ʻoihana e pili ana kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ka waihona o nā pono hana ma waho o nā waihona a hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana mālama / ana nui ma o nā kaula. ʻO ia ke ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia o nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole e koi ana i kahi ʻano holistic hou aʻe no ka pale uila.

Ke kaona kaʻaahi

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kaona kaʻaahi e ka ʻoihana luna, kahi e hana ai i kahi antenna uila nui. I nā kuaʻāina ʻo ka papa ʻoi i luna kahi pahuhopu nui no ka hoʻokuʻu uila. He kaula honua ma luna o nā kia, e hōʻoia i ka hanana like i ka mana like. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻekolu a ʻelima mau mast i ke kaʻa hoʻihoʻi hoʻi traction (hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻaahi ʻē aʻe no nā kumu hōʻailona). I nā wahi traction DC hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiaʻi mai ka honua e pale aku ai i nā electrolyses, ʻoiai ma nā wahi traction AC e hoʻopili aku nā kiaʻi me ka honua. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona loiloi a me ke ana ʻana e kau ʻia nā rail a i ʻole ma kahi kokoke o ke kaʻaahi. Hōʻike ʻia ia mau pono i ka hana uila i ke kaʻa hao, i kiʻi ʻia ma o ka ʻoihana luna. Pili nā sensor ma ke kaʻa i nā kaula ana o ka ʻaoʻao, i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka honua. Hōʻike kēia i ke kumu e hoʻokau ʻole ʻia ai nā lako uila i nā piʻina i hoʻokomo ʻia, akā hōʻike pū ʻia i nā piʻi kū (semi-direct) Hoʻolaha ka mana i nā hoʻonohonoho hōʻailona like ʻole ma o nā laina mana o luna, kahi e maʻalahi ai ke kuhikuhi i ka uila. Hoʻohui pū kekahi pūnaewele ulana paʻa lalo i nā mea like ʻole āpau a me nā subsystem i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā hihia mea kila ma kapa alanui, nā ipu i kūkulu ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​hale paʻa Rocla. ʻO kēia kahi o ka paʻakikī kahi e pono ai nā ʻōnaehana pale uila pono no ke ola ʻana o nā lako. Loaʻa nā lako hana maikaʻi ʻole i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona, ​​e lilo ana nā pohō hana.

ʻO nā ʻōnaehana ana ʻokoʻa a me nā mea hōʻailona

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ana ʻokoʻa e nānā i ke olakino o nā ʻauwaʻa kaʻa a me nā pae koʻikoʻi i makemake ʻole ʻia i ka hale kaʻa. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau ʻōnaehana: ʻO nā mea ʻike wela, nā mīkini ʻūmiʻi wela, ʻōnaehana ana o ka huila huila, kaupaona i ke ana / ana i nā hopena o ka hopena, ka mea ʻike Skew bogie, ke ana lōʻihi lōʻihi ma Wayside, ʻōnaehana ʻike kaʻa, Weighbridges. Pono pono nā mea hōʻailona aʻe a pono e loaʻa no kahi ʻōnaehana hōʻailona maikaʻi: E huakaʻi i nā kaapuni, nā helu axle, nā ʻike kiko a me nā pono uila.

Nā ʻano palekana

Hōʻike ka pale Transverse i ka pale ma waena o nā alakaʻi. ʻO ka pale longitudinal ʻo ia hoʻi ka pale ʻana ma waena o kahi mea alakaʻi a me ka honua. E hoʻopili ka pale ala Triple i ka pale lonikū a me ka pale transverse ma ke kaapuni alakaʻi ʻelua. ʻO ka pale ʻaoʻao ʻelua e loaʻa i ka pale transverse a me ka pale longitudinal wale nō ma ka mea alakaʻi kūlike ʻole (maʻamau) o kahi kaapuni ʻelua.

Ka pale uila ma ka laina lako uila

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻohuli i luna ma nā hale H-mast a pale ʻia e nā mea hopu uila kiʻekiʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka honua HT. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hakahaka bele uila haʻahaʻa ma waena o ke kaula uila honua HT a me ka hanana H-mast. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka H-mast i ke kaʻa hao hoʻi hope. Ma ka papa lawe mana lawe ma ka lumi pono, hoʻonoho ʻia ka pale o nā ala pākolu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā modula pale 1. ʻO ka papa ʻelua ka pale o nā inductors moʻo me ka papa 2 palekana i ka ʻōnaehana kikowaena honua. ʻO ka pale ʻekolu o ka pale maʻamau ka mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o MOV's a i ʻole Transient Suppressors ma loko o ka ʻaha lako lako.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi mana kūmau ʻehā mau hola ma o nā pākali a me nā inverters. Ma muli o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka mea hoʻohuli hānai ma o ke kaula uila i nā lako trackside, hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻūlapa uila hope i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke kaula o ka honua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pale ʻekolu ala e mālama i kēia mau ʻūhā.

Nā kumu hoʻolālā hoʻolālā pale

Hoʻohui ʻia nā kumuhana aʻe i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka pale no nā ʻōnaehana ana.

E ʻike i nā kaula āpau e komo a puka ana.
E hoʻohana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ala pākolu.
E hana i kahi ala hele ala no ka ikehu piʻi inā hiki.
E hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōnaehana 0V a me nā pale uwea mai ka honua.
E hoʻohana i ka lepo honua equipotential. E hōʻole i ka daisy-chains o nā pilina honua.
Mai mālama i ka hahau pololei ʻana.

Pale pale axle

I mea e pale aku ai i nā piʻi ʻana o ka uila e "ʻumeʻume" i kahi piko honua kūloko, e lana mau ana nā lako pono o ke ala. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ikehu piʻi i loko o nā kaula o ka huelo a pono e hopu ʻia nā poʻo helu e pili ana i ka uila uila (hoʻokomo) i ke kaula kamaʻilio e hoʻopili ana i ka anakuhi ma ke keʻena helu mamao (loiloi) i ka lumi pono. Hoʻouna ʻia nā palapala hoʻoili, loaʻa a me ke kaʻapuni "pale" i kēia ala i kahi mokulele lana pono kaulike. E hala ka ikehu piʻi mai nā kaula o ka huelo a i ke kaula nui ma o ka mokulele equipotential a me nā mea pale. Pale kēia i ka ikehu piʻi mai ka hele ʻana i nā kaapuni uila a hōʻino iā ia. Kuhi ʻia kēia hana me ka pale bypass, ua hōʻoia iā ia iho he kūleʻa loa a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā wahi e pono ai. I ka lumi pono hoʻolako ʻia ka uea kamaʻilio me ka pale o ke ala pākolu e kuhikuhi i ka ikehu holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻōnaehana honua.

Ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ana uila

Hoʻohana nā kaupaona a me nā ʻano noi ʻē aʻe i nā anana kānana i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kaʻa. ʻO ke kukui uila no kēia mau anana kānana he haʻahaʻa loa ia, kahi e waiho maʻalahi ai iā lākou i ka hana uila i nā ala hao, ʻo ia hoʻi ma muli o ka lepo o ka ʻōnaehana ana i loko o ka hale kokoke. Hoʻohana ʻia nā modula pale 2 (275V) e hoʻokuʻu i nā ala i ka ʻōnaehana o ka honua ma o nā kaula kaʻawale. I pale hou aku ai i ka uila mai nā ala hao, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā pale o nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i paʻa i ka hopena o ke kaʻaahi. ʻAʻole pili nā pale o nā kaula āpau i ka honua, akā hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma o nā mea hopu gas. Pale kēia (kuhikuhi) i ka leo honua mai ka hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā kaapuni uila. E hana ma ke ʻano he pale ma ka wehewehe ʻana, e hoʻopili ʻia ka pale i ka ʻōnaehana 0V. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kiʻi hoʻomalu, pono e waiho ka ʻōnaehana 0V e lana wale ana (ʻaʻole i ka honua), ʻoiai e pale pono ʻia ka mana e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano pākolu ala.

Pākuʻi honua ma o nā kamepiula

Aia kekahi pilikia ākea ma nā ʻōnaehana ana āpau kahi e hoʻohana ai nā kamepiula e hana i nā ʻikepili ʻikepili a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻāla ʻia ka chassis o nā kamepiula ma o ke kaula uila a e hoʻomoe pū ʻia ka 0V (laina kuhikuhi) o nā kamepiula. Hōʻino kēia kūlana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ana e lana ana ma ke ʻano he pale no nā ʻū uila i waho. ʻO ke ala wale nō e kāpae ai i kēia pilikia ka hānai ʻana i ke kamepiula ma o kahi transformer hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kiʻina kamepiula mai ka waihona kuhina i hoʻokomo ʻia ai. E hana hou ana nā loulou RS232 i nā pono ʻē aʻe i kahi pilikia e make ana i ka honua, kahi e ʻōlelo ʻia ai kahi loulou fiber optic ma ke ʻano he hopena. ʻO ka ʻōlelo nui ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana piha a loaʻa i kahi hopena holistic.

E lana ana o nā ʻōnaehana uila haʻahaʻa

He palekana ia i ka pale ʻana o nā kaapuni kūwaho i ka honua a me nā kaapuni uila i kuhikuhi ʻia a pale ʻia i ka honua. ʻO ke anakahi uila, nā lako uila haʻahaʻa akā hiki i ka walaʻau ma nā awa hōʻailona a me nā hōʻino kino i hopena ʻia mai ka ikehu piʻi me nā kaula ana. ʻO ka hopena kūpono loa no kēia mau pilikia e lana i nā lakohana mana haʻahaʻa. Ua ukali ʻia kēia hana a hoʻokō ʻia ma nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona paʻa paʻa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana mai ʻEulopa mai e hoʻopili ʻia nā modula i loko, a laila kiʻi ʻia lākou i ka ʻaha kuhina. Hoʻonui kēia honua i kahi mokulele honua ma nā papa pc e like me. Hoʻohana ʻia nā capacitor uila haʻahaʻa e hoʻomālie i ka walaʻau ma waena o ka honua a me ka ʻōnaehana 0V. Komo mai nā piʻi mai ke ala ala ma o nā puka hōʻailona a wāwahi i kēia mau capacitor, e hōʻino ana i nā lako a waiho pinepine i kahi ala no ka lako 24V kūloko e luku loa i nā papa pc. ʻOiai ka pale o ke ala pākolu (130V) i nā kaapuni komo a puka hoʻi. A laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o ke kino kuhina a me ka pae kaʻa ʻōkuhi honua. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka pale uila a pau i ka pahi kaʻa honua. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka moena honua a me ka pale kaua ʻana o nā kaula waho āpau ma ka pae kaʻa kaʻa honua. Ua lana ʻia ka pahu kuhina mai ka honua. ʻOiai ua hana ʻia kēia hana i ka hopena o ke kau uila hou loa, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi pōʻino uila mai kekahi o nā kikowaena ʻelima (ma kahi o 80 mau hoʻonohonoho) i hana ʻia, ʻoiai ua hala nā ʻino uila. E hōʻoia ka wā uila aʻe inā paha ua kūleʻa kēia ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa.

e piʻi like

Ma o nā hoʻolaʻa hoʻolaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kau ʻana o nā kiʻina pale uila i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ua hōʻea nā hewa e pili ana i ka uila i kahi huli.

E like me nā manawa maʻamau inā he nīnau kāu a makemake paha i kahi ʻike hou aku e ʻoluʻolu e leka uila iā mākou ma sales@lsp-international.com

E akahele i waho! E kipa aku iā www.lsp-international.com no kāu pono palekana uila. E hāhai iā mākou ma Twitter, Facebook a LinkedIn no ka mea, 'ike hou aku.

ʻO Wenzhou Arrester Electric Co., Ltd. (LSP) kahi mea hana Kina piha o AC&DC SPDs i kahi ʻoihana āpau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Hāʻawi ʻo LSP i nā huahana a me nā hopena aʻe:

1. Mea pale pale AC (SPD) no nā ʻōnaehana uila uila haʻahaʻa mai 75Vac a i 1000Vac e like me IEC 61643-11: 2011 a me EN 61643-11: 2012 (ʻano hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻokolohua: T1, T1 + T2, T2, T3).
2. Pūnaewele pale pale DC (SPD) no nā photovolatics mai 500Vdc a i 1500Vdc e like me IEC 61643-31: 2018 a me EN 50539-11: 2013 [EN 61643-31: 2019] (ʻano hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻokolohua: T1 + T2, T2)
3. Pale pale laina ʻōkuhi ʻikepili e like me PoE (Mana ma luna o Ethernet) pale pale e like me IEC 61643-21: 2011 a me EN 61643-21: 2012 (ʻano hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻokolohua: T2).
4. ʻO ka mea pale kukui uila LED

Mahalo no kou kipa ʻana!