Nānā ʻImi pale lākiō (AC a me DC POWER, DATALINE, COAXIAL, GAS TUBES)

Pūnaewele pale nalu (a i ʻole suppressor surge or surge diverter) kahi mīkini a i ʻole mea hana i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i nā uila uila mai nā uila uila. Ke hoʻāʻo nei kahi pale pale e kaupalena i ka uila i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi pono uila ma o ka pale ʻana ʻana a i ʻole ke kīkī ʻana i lalo i nā uila i makemake ʻole ʻia ma luna o kahi paepae palekana. Kūkākūkā nui kēia ʻatikala i nā kikoʻī a me nā mea e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mea pale e hoʻohuli (pōkole) i ka uila uila i ka honua; akā naʻe, aia kekahi mau uhi o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kahi pā mana me ka mea pale i piʻi i loko a me nā wahi he nui
Hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo pale pale (SPD) a me ka suppressant voltage voltage suppressor (TVSS) e wehewehe i nā pono uila i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā paneli hoʻoili mana, nā ʻōnaehana kaohi o nā kaʻina hana, nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana kaumaha nui, no ka pale ʻana i ka nā piʻi uila a me nā kuʻi, me nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka uila. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mana i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia o kēia mau mea i kekahi manawa i nā panela uila e komo ai i ka lawelawe i ka hale noho, e pale aku ai i nā pono hana i loko o ka hale mai nā pōʻino like.

Hoʻolaha Kākoʻo Pūnaewele ʻo AC Surge

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā Transvol Overages

Pono nā mea hoʻohana o nā pono uila a me nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻikepili e kū i ka pilikia o ka mālama ʻana i kēia lakohana me ke ʻano o nā overvoltages transient induces e ka uila. Aia kekahi mau kumu no kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo (1) ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea uila i maʻalahi ka lako, (2) ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka hoʻōki o ka lawelawe (3) uhi nā ʻikepili i nā ʻāpana nui a ʻike ʻia i nā haunaele hou aku.

ʻEkolu kumu nui o nā overvoltages transient:

  • uila
  • ʻO nā piʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana
  • Disebge o Keʻena Kūʻai Kūʻai (ESD)ACImage overview

uila

Ua ʻimi ʻia ka uila mai ka noiʻi mua a Beniamina Franklin i ka makahiki 1749, a ua lilo ia i mea hoʻoweliweli ulu i kā mākou kaiāulu uila.

Hoʻokumu uila

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka uila i waena o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma waena o ʻelua ʻino ʻino a i ʻole ma waena o hoʻokahi ao a me ka honua.

Hele paha ke kukuna i mau mile he nui, e neʻe ana i ka honua i ka lele ʻana i hope: hana ka alakaʻi i kahi kahawai i ionized kiʻekiʻe. Ke hōʻea i ka honua, kū ke flash maoli a i ʻole ka hahau hoʻi. E holo ana kahi au i loko o nā ʻumi tausani o Amperes mai ka honua a ke ao a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ma o ke kaha ionized.

Uila pololei

I ka manawa e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai, aia kahi kahe o ka impulse e kū ana mai ka 1,000 a i ka 200,000 piko Amperes, me kahi manawa piʻi e pili ana i kekahi mau microseconds. ʻO kēia hopena pololei kahi mea liʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana uila a me nā uila no ka mea he wahi nui ia.
ʻO ka pale ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau uila uila a i ʻole Lightning Protection System (LPS), i hoʻolālā ʻia e hopu i ke au hoʻokuʻu a alakaʻi iā ia i kahi kiko kikoʻī.

Nā hopena pilikia

ʻEkolu ʻano o nā hopena uila uila ʻole:

Ka hopena ma ka laina luna

Hōʻike ākea ʻia kēlā mau laina a kuʻi pololei ʻia e ka uila, kahi e hoʻopau hapa a hoʻopau piha paha i nā kaula, a laila e hoʻoulu i nā uila kiʻekiʻe e hele kūlohelohe ma nā alakaʻi i nā pono pili laina. Aia ka nui o ka poino i ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻōkuhi a me nā pono hana.

Ke piʻi nei i ka hiki honua

ʻO ke kahe o ka uila i ka honua ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka honua e like me ka ikaika o kēia manawa a me ka impedance honua kūloko. I kahi hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i kekahi mau kahua (e laʻa me ka loulou ma waena o nā hale), e hoʻokau ka lawena i kahi ʻokoʻa nui loa a me nā lako e pili ana i nā pūnaewele i hoʻopilikia ʻia.

Pāhawewe uila

ʻIke ʻia ke kukuna me he antenna he mau mile ke kiʻekiʻe e hāpai ana i kahi au impulse o kekahi hapaʻumi o nā kilo-amperes, e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā māla electromagnetic ikaika (mau kV / m ma mua o 1km). Hoʻokomo kēia mau māla i nā uila ikaika a me nā kahe i nā laina kokoke a i ʻole i nā pono hana. Aia nā waiwai i ka mamao mai ka uila a me nā waiwai o ka loulou.

Nā Kūlana ʻoihana
Uhi kahi ʻenehana hanahana i kahi hanana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kumu uila uila a i ʻole pio.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōhū ʻoihana e:

  • Ke hoʻomaka nei i nā motika a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻololi
  • Hoʻomaka nā kukui neon a me sodium
  • Ke hoʻololi nei i nā pūnaewele uila
  • E kuapo i ka “bounce” i loko o ka pōʻaiapuni inductive
  • ʻO ka hana o nā fuse a me nā mea haki kaapuni
  • Nā laina uila hāʻule
  • Nā launa ʻole maikaʻi ʻole a intermittent paha

Hoʻopuka kēia mau hanana i nā transients o kekahi mau kV me ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa o ke kauoha o ka microsecond, nā mea pono hoʻopilikia i nā pūnaewele i pili ai ke kumu o ka haunaele.

Nā Overvoltages uila

Uila, he capacitance ko ke kanaka mai 100 a 300 paha picofarads a hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i kahi uku o 15kV ma ka hele ʻana ma ke kapeta, a laila pā i kekahi mea hana a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kekahi mau microseconds, me ke au o kahi he ʻumi Amperes . ʻO nā kaapuni hoʻohui āpau (CMOS, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) nāwaliwali loa i kēia ʻano haunaele, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia e ka pale ʻana a me ka pae ʻana.

Nā hopena o nā Overvoltages

Overvoltages he nui ke ʻano o nā hopena ma nā pono uila i ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā mea nui:

Luku:

  • ʻO ka haʻihaʻi uila o nā huina semiconductor
  • Ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea
  • Ka luku ʻana i nā ala o PCB a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopili
  • Ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua / thyristors e dV / dt.

Hoʻopilikia i nā hana:

  • Ka hana kaulike ʻana o nā latches, thyristors, a me nā triacs
  • Holoi o ka hoʻomanaʻo
  • Nā hemahema o ka papahana a i ʻole nā ​​hāʻule
  • Nā hewa a me nā hewa hoʻouna

ʻElemakule premature:

ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke ola o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā overvoltages.

Pūnaewele Hoʻolaha Lā

ʻO ka Surge Protection Device (SPD) kahi hopena ʻike ʻia a maikaʻi e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia overvoltage. No ka hopena ʻoi loa, akā, pono e koho ʻia e like me ka makaʻu o ka noi a hoʻonoho ʻia e like me nā lula o ka noʻeau.

Ka Mana Mana Manaʻo DC DC Surge Protection

Nā manaʻo a me nā pale pale

ʻO ka Utility-Interactive a i ʻole Grid-Tie Solar Photovoltaic (PV) e koi nui ana a me nā hoʻolālā kumukūʻai. Koi pinepine lākou i ka Solar PV System e hana no nā makahiki he mau makahiki ma mua o ka hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻihoʻi i makemake ʻia i ka hoʻopukapuka.
He nui nā mea hana e hōʻoia i kahi ola ʻōnaehana o 20 mau makahiki ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hoʻohuli i hōʻoia ʻia no 5-10 mau makahiki wale nō. Kuhi ʻia nā kumukūʻai āpau a hoʻihoʻi i nā hoʻopukapuka e pili ana i kēia mau wā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui nā ʻōnaehana PV i ke oʻo ma muli o ke ʻano kū ʻole o kēia mau noi a me kona pili pili i hoʻi i ka pūnaewele pono AC. Hoʻonohonoho ka lā o ka lā, me kāna mea hao a kau ʻia ma ka hāmama a i ʻole ma nā kaupaku, e hana ma ke ʻano he uila uila maikaʻi loa. No kēia kumu, he mākau e hoʻopukapuka i kahi Surge Protective Device a i ʻole SPD e hoʻopau i kēia mau hoʻoweliweli hiki a hoʻonui i ka manaolana o nā ʻōnaehana. ʻO ke kumukūʻai no kahi ʻōnaehana pale ākea ākea ma lalo o 1% o ka nui o nā lilo o ka ʻōnaehana. E hoʻohana pono i nā ʻāpana o UL1449 4th Edition a he Type 1 Component Assemblies (1CA) e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu ʻōnaehana ka pale maikaʻi loa i loaʻa ma ka mākeke.

E kālailai i ka pae hoʻoweliweli piha o ka hoʻouka ʻana, pono mākou e hana i kahi loiloi weliweli.

  • Hana Pilikino Downtime - Mau nāwaliwali nā wahi me ka uila ikaika a me ka mana hana paʻa ʻole.
  • Ka Pilikia Pilikia o ka Mana - ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻilikai o ka lā o ka lā o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka uila a i ʻole nā ​​uila.
  • Palekana ʻĀpana Kahua Pae - ʻO ke kaha uila AC kahi kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā transients a me / a i ʻole nā ​​uila uila i hoʻopili ʻia.
  • ʻIke Geographic - ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia nā hopena o ka downtime ʻōnaehana i nā lako pono. Hiki ke hopena i nā poho hou aʻe mai nā kauoha nalowale, nā limahana hana ʻole, nā wā nui, ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā mea kūʻai / hoʻokele, nā uku ukana wikiwiki a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻouna wikiwiki.

Paipai i nā Hana

1) ʻōnaehana honua

Hoʻololi nā mea pale Surge i nā transients i ka ʻōnaehana kahua honua. ʻO kahi ala haʻahaʻa impedance haʻahaʻa, i ka hiki like, koʻikoʻi no nā pale pale piʻi e hana pono. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mana āpau, nā laina kamaʻilio, nā mea hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a paʻa ʻia a paʻa ʻole i nā mea hana no ka hoʻolālā palekana e hana pono.

2) Hoʻohui Lalo honua mai ka PV Array waho i nā pono hana uila

Inā hiki, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ka Solar PV Array kūwaho a me nā pono hana mana kūloko e pono i lalo o ka honua a i ʻole pale pale uila e kaupalena ai i ka makaʻu o ka uila pololei a me / a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana.

3) Polokalamu Palekana Hoʻohui

Pono e kamaʻilio ʻia nā pūnaewele āpau e loaʻa a me nā pale kūkākūkā me ka pale nui e hoʻopau ai i ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana PV. E hoʻopili kēia i ka lako mana pono AC mua, ka Inverter AC puka, ka hoʻokomo DC Inverter, ka hui pū ʻana o PV a me nā laina ʻikepili / ʻikepili e pili ana e like me Gigabit Ethernet, RS-485, 4-20mA o kēia manawa, PT-100, RTD, a kelepona modem.

ʻIkepili Palekana pale laha ʻikepili

Nānā Laina ʻIkepili

Kelepona a me nā lako hoʻoili ʻikepili (PBX, modem, terminal data, sensor, a pēlā aku) .e maʻalahi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka uila i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka uila. Ua lilo lākou i mea maʻalahi, paʻakikī a hoʻonui i ka nāwaliwali i nā piʻo i hoʻokomo ʻia ma muli o kā lākou hiki ke pili ma waena o nā pūnaewele like ʻole. Kūpono kēia mau lakohana i kahi kamaʻilio kamaʻilio a me ka hana ʻana o ka ʻike. E like me ia, he akahele e ʻinikua iā lākou e kūʻē i kēia mau hanana kūpono a pōpilikia paha. Hoʻopili kahi mea pale lūlū laina i ka laina laina, pololei i mua o kahi ʻāpana maʻalahi e hoʻonui i ko lākou ola pono a mālama i ka hoʻomau o ke kahe o kāu ʻike.

ʻEnehana o nā pale pale

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pale pale kelepona LSP āpau a me ka laina ʻikepili i ka kaapuni hybrid multistage loea i hui pū ʻia me nā Tube Gas Discharge Gas (GDT) kaumaha a me ka pane wikiwiki ʻana iā Silicon Avalanche Diodes (SADs). Hāʻawi kēia ʻano kaapuni,

  • 5kA Nominal Discharge Current (15 mau manawa me ka luku ʻole ʻia i kēlā me kēia IEC 61643)
  • Emi ma mua o 1 nanosecond manawa pane
  • ʻŌnaehana hoʻokaʻawale palekana
  • Hoʻolālā ka hoʻolālā capacitance haʻahaʻa i ka nalo o ka hōʻailona

Nā Palekana no ke koho ʻana i kahi pale pale piʻi

No ke koho ʻana i ka pale pale kūwaho kūpono no kāu hoʻonoho, e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia mau mea:

  • Nā uila a me nā uila ʻoi loa
  • ʻO ke kaha laina kiʻekiʻe
  • Ka helu o nā lāina
  • Ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili
  • Ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻopili (Screw Terminal, RJ, ATT110, QC66)
  • Ke kau nei (Din Rail, Surface Mount)

mea hoʻonoho

I mea e pono ai, pono e hoʻokomo i ka pale pale e like me nā kumu i lalo.

Pono e hoʻopili i ka maka honua o ka pale pale a me nā pono hana pale.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pale ma ka puka komo o ka hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohuli i ke ʻano impulse i ka wā hiki.
Pono e hoʻokomo i ka pale pale i kahi kokoke, ma lalo o 90 kapuaʻi a 30 mau mika paha) i nā pono hana pale. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia lula, pono e hoʻokomo i nā pale pale lua i kokoke i nā pono hana.
ʻO ke alakaʻi alakaʻi honua (ma waena o ka honua i hoʻopuka ʻia o ka mea pale a me ke kaapuni hoʻopaʻa hoʻonoho) pono e pōkole e like me ka hiki (ma lalo o 1.5 kapuaʻi a i ʻole 0.50 mika) a loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o ke keʻa o 2.5 mm ʻehā ka nui.
Pono ke kūpaʻa honua e hoʻopili i ka code uila kūloko. ʻAʻole pono kahi lepo honua kūikawā.
Pono e mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā kaula i pale ʻia a pale ʻole ʻia e palena i ka hoʻopili ʻana.

NĀ KULA

Pono nā kūlana hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻonoho no nā laina pale kūkākūkā laina i kēia mau hae.

UL497B: Nā mea pale no ke kamaʻilio ʻikepili a me nā kaʻa kaʻa ahi
IEC 61643-21: Nā hoʻāʻo o nā pale pale piʻi no nā laina palapala
IEC 61643-22; Koho / Hoʻouka o nā pale pale piʻi no nā laina kamaʻilio
NF EN 61643-21: Nā hoʻāʻo o nā pale pale piʻi no nā laina palapala
Alakaʻi UTE C15-443: Koho / Hoʻokomo o nā pale pale

Nā Kūlana Kūlana: Nā Pūnaehana ʻUila Uila

Inā hoʻolako ʻia ka hanana e pale ʻia me kahi LPS (Lightning Protection System), nā pale pale no ke kelepona a i ʻole nā ​​laina ʻikepili i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā puka komo o nā hale e pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia i kahi uila uila 10 / 350us nalu me kahi liʻiliʻi loa. ka piʻi nui o 2.5kA (D1 waeʻano hoʻāʻo IEC-61643-21).

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā hāmeʻa Coaxial Surge Protection

Ka palekana no nā pono hana kamaʻilio lekiō

Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā pono kamaʻilio lekiō i nā noi paʻa, nomadic a i ʻole nā ​​polokalamu kelepona i nā uila i hōʻeha ʻia no kā lākou noi ma nā wahi huna. ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele maʻamau i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka lawelawe ma muli o nā piʻi kawa mai nā uila kū pololei i ka pou antenna, ʻōnaehana honua e pili ana a i ʻole hoʻokomo ʻia i nā pilina ma waena o kēia mau wahi ʻelua.
ʻO nā pono uila i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā kahua kahua CDMA, GSM / UMTS, WiMAX a i ʻole TETRA, pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia pilikia i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka lawelawe ʻoihana ʻole. Hāʻawi ʻo LSP i ʻekolu mau ʻenehana pale pale kūikawā no ka Radio Frequency (RF) mau laina kamaʻilio i kūpono pākahi ʻia no nā koi hana ʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana.

ʻOihana ʻenehana pale poʻohiwi RF
Ke Kinoea Tube Tube Pass Protection
P8AX moʻo

Ke Kino Hoʻokae Gas I loko o kahi pale pale coaxial i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo GDT, pili ka GDT i ka like ma waena o ka mea alakaʻi waena a me ka pale waho. Hoʻohana ka hāmeʻa ke loaʻa kāna voltage sparkover, i ka manawa o kahi ʻano overvoltage a hoʻopau pōkole ʻia ka laina (arc voltage) a hoʻohuli ʻia mai nā lakohana maʻalahi. Pili ka uila sparkover i ka piʻi mua o ka overvoltage. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka dV / dt o ka overvoltage, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uila sparkover o ka pale pale. Ke nalo ka overvoltage, hoʻi ka ʻōmole hoʻokuʻu kinoea i kona passive maʻamau, kūlana insulated a mākaukau e hana hou.
Mālama ʻia ka GDT i kahi mea paʻa i hoʻolālā nui ʻia e hoʻonui i ka conduction i nā hanana piʻi nui a hemo maʻalahi hoʻi inā koi ʻia ka mālama ma muli o ka hopena o ke ola. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka P8AX Series ma nā laina coaxial e holo ana i nā uila DC a - / + 48V DC.

Palekana Hybrid
DC Pass - CXF60 pūnaewele
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo DC - pūʻulu CNP-DCB

ʻO ka Hybrid DC Pass Protection kahi hui o nā kānana kānana a me kahi paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea kaumaha (GDT). Hāʻawi kēia hoʻolālā i kahi koena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa e waiho ʻia ma o ka uila no nā haunaele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma muli o nā transients uila a hāʻawi mau i kahi hiki i kēia manawa kiʻekiʻe.

Palekana DC Wave DC i pale ʻia
Moʻo PRC

ʻO Quarter Wave DC Block Protection kahi kānana pass pass band hana. ʻAʻohe ona ʻāpana hana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kino a me nā ʻōpala e pili ana i ka hapaha o ka lōʻihi nalu i makemake ʻia. ʻAe kēia i kahi kaha alapine kikoʻī e hele ma waena o ka anakuhi. No ka mea e hana wale ana ka uila ma kahi spectrum liʻiliʻi loa, mai kahi mau haneli kHz a i kekahi mau MHz, ʻo ia a me nā alapine ʻē aʻe i pōkole i ka honua. Hiki ke koho ʻia i ka ʻenehana PRC no kahi pēpē liʻiliʻi loa a i ʻole ka band ākea e pili ana i ka noi. ʻO ka palena wale nō no kēia au ka ʻano hoʻopili pili. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi mea hoʻopili 7/16 Din ke lawelawe iā 100kA 8 / 20us ʻoiai hiki i kahi mea hoʻopili N ke mālama i 50kA 8 / 20us.

ʻO Coaxial-Surge-Protection-Overview

NĀ KULA

UL497E - Nā mea pale no nā alakaʻi alakaʻi Antenna

Nā Parameter no ke koho ʻana i kahi Coaxial Surge Protector

ʻO ka ʻike i koi ʻia e koho pono i kahi pale pale no kāu noi penei:

  • alapine (frequency) pilikino
  • Anakahi uila
  • hūliliʻAno
  • ʻAno ʻohana
  • ka piʻiʻana
  • Technology

mea hoʻonoho

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o kahi pale pale coaxial surge ka mea i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka pili ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokumu impedance haʻahaʻa. Pono e mālama pono i kēia mau lula.

  • ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokumu pono pono pono: E hoʻopili pono nā mea hoʻopili i nā mea hoʻopili a pau i kekahi i kekahi a pili hou i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokumu.
  • Low Impedance Connection: pono i ka pale pale coaxial e loaʻa i kahi pili pale haʻahaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana honua.

Ke Kuhi Gas

Palekana no nā ʻĀpana Papa Papa PC

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pono uila uila o kēia lā microprocessor i nā piʻi uila i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka uila a me nā transients uila no ka mea ua lilo lākou i mea maʻalahi, a paʻakikī hoʻi e pale aku ma muli o kā lākou kiʻekiʻena puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe, nā hana loiloi binary a me ka pilina ma nā pūnaewele like ʻole. Kūpono kēia mau hāmeʻa i ka kamaʻilio a me ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka hopena ke hopena ma ka laina lalo; e like me ia he mea akahele e hōʻoia iā lākou e kūʻē i kēia mau hanana kūpono a hoʻohaunaele paha. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi Tube Gas Discharge a i ʻole GDT ma ke ʻano he kū kaʻawale a i hui ʻia paha me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi kaapuni pale multistage - hana ka paukū kinoea ma ke ʻano he kiʻina ʻikena kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia ʻo GDT i ka pale o ke kamaʻilio a me ka laina ʻikepili DC uila no ka mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi lākou i nā pono maikaʻi loa ma ka laina mana AC me ka ʻole o ke kahe o kēia manawa, ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena maikaʻi o ke ola.

ʻOihana TEKNOLOGI PAHAKI GAS

E nānā ʻia ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki loa me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano conductance e loli me ka wikiwiki, ke hiki mai kahi breakdown, mai ka open-circuit a i ka quasi-short circuit (arc voltage ma kahi o 20V). No laila aia ʻehā mau kikowaena hana i ka hana o kahi paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea:
gdt_labels

E nānā ʻia ke GDT ma ke ʻano he wikiwiki wikiwiki e hana ana i nā waiwai e hoʻololi wikiwiki i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi breakdown a hoʻololi mai kahi kaapuni ākea i kahi pōʻai pōkole kuʻina. ʻO ka hopena he anakahi uila ma kahi o 20V DC. ʻEhā hanana o ka hana ma mua o ka hoʻololi piha ʻana o ka pahu.

  • Kahi pae hana ʻole: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka pale kūpana infinite palena ʻole.
  • ʻĀina Glow: I ka haki ʻana, hoʻonui ka conductance me ka hiki ʻole. Inā hoʻokahe ʻia ke kahe e ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea ma lalo o 0.5A (kahi waiwai ʻokoʻa i ʻokoʻa mai kahi ʻāpana i kahi ʻāpana), aia ka uila haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā pahu i ka pae 80-100V.
  • Ke kaʻina arc: Ke piʻi nei ka piʻina o kēia manawa, hoʻololi ka ʻōpuna hoʻokuʻu kinoea mai ka uila haʻahaʻa i ka uila arc (20V) ʻO kēia kāʻei kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea no ka mea hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu i kēia manawa ke piʻi i mau kaukani amperes me ka ʻole o ka uila arc ma nā kikowaena e hoʻonui ana.
  • Ka luku ʻia: Ma ke anakahi uila me ka volta haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, uhi ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu kinoea i kāna mau ʻano insulate mua.

gdt_graph3-Hoʻonohonoho Electrode

Ke pale nei i kahi laina uwea ʻelua (e laʻa me kahi paʻa kelepona) me ʻelua mau paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea 2-electrode i mea e hiki mai ai ka pilikia aʻe:
Inā hoʻomoe ʻia ka laina pale i kahi overvoltage i ke ʻano maʻamau, ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā hunaahi overvoltages (+/- 20%), ʻo kekahi o nā paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea i kahi manawa pōkole loa ma mua o ka mea ʻē aʻe (maʻamau kekahi mau microseconds), ka No laila ua paʻa ka uea i loaʻa ka hunaahi (hoʻowahāwahā i nā uila arc), e hoʻohuli ana i ka overvoltage maʻamau i loko o ka mode overvoltage. Weliweli loa kēia no ka pono pale. E nalo ka makaʻu ke keʻa ka lua o ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea (ma kahi o kekahi mau microseconds ma hope).
Hoʻopau ka geometry 3-electrode i kēia drawback. ʻO ka hunaahi o hoʻokahi pou ke kumu o ka haki maʻamau o ka hāmeʻa kokoke koke (kekahi mau nanoseconds) no ka mea aia wale nō kahi pā i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka ʻaila i nā uila uila āpau

Hopena o ke ola

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea e kū i nā impulses he nui me ka luku ʻole a me ka nalo ʻole o nā ʻano mua (ʻo nā hoʻokolohua impulse maʻamau he 10 manawa x 5kA impulses no kēlā me kēia polarity).

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kahi koina kiʻekiʻe loa i kākoʻo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi 10A rms no 15 kekona, me ka simulate o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka laina mana AC i kahi laina telecommunication a e lawe koke i ka GDT mai ka lawelawe.

Inā makemake ʻia kahi hopena palekana ʻole o ke ola, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaapuni pōkole e hōʻike i kahi hewa i ka mea hoʻohana hope ke ʻike ʻia ka hewa o ka laina, pono e koho ʻia ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea me ka hiʻona palekana palekana (kaapuni pōkole kūwaho) .

Ke koho nei i kahi Tube Kīwaha Kinoea

  • ʻO ka ʻike i koi ʻia e koho pono i kahi pale pale no kāu noi penei:
    ʻO ka uila uila ma luna o ka uila (Volts)
  • Hoʻokumu ka impulse ma luna o ka uila (Volts)
  • Hoʻokuʻu i ka hiki i kēia manawa (kA)
  • 'Īpale ia'ku (Gohms)
  • Kaha (pF)
  • Ke kau nei (Ke Kiʻi ʻIlikai, Nā Alakaʻi Maʻamau, Nā Pēlā Custom, Holder)
  • Packaging (Tape & Reel, Ammo pack)

ʻO ka laulā o DC spark ma luna o ka uila i loaʻa:

  • Ka palena iki 75V
  • 230V awelika
  • Voltage Voltage kiʻekiʻe 500V
  • Ke anakahi uila kiʻekiʻe loa 1000 a 3000V

* ʻO ke ahonui ma ka uila breakdown maʻamau +/- 20%

gdt_chart
ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia manawa

Aia kēia i nā waiwai o ke kinoea, ka nui a me nā mea o ka uila me kāna lāʻau. ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o ka GDT a me kahi mea e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kahi pale pale ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ʻo Vististors, Zener Diodes, a pēlā aku ... ʻO ka waiwai maʻamau he 5 a 20kA me kahi 8 / 20us impulse no nā mea maʻamau. ʻO kēia ka waiwai e hiki i ka paipu hoʻolei kinoea ke kū mau (10 impulses liʻiliʻi) me ka ʻole o ka luku a hoʻololi ʻia paha o kāna kikoʻī kikoʻī.

Ka Hopena Sparkover Voltage

Ka hunaahi ma luna o ka uila ma ke alo o kahi pali mua (dV / dt = 1kV / us); piʻi ka piʻina hoʻonāukiuki ma luna o ka uila me ka hoʻonui dV / dt.

ʻO ke kūpale kūpale a me ka hiki

Hana ʻia kēia mau ʻano i ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i nā kūlana hana maʻamau. He kiʻekiʻe loa ke kūpale pale (> 10 Gohm) ʻoiai haʻahaʻa loa ka capacitance (<1 pF).

NĀ KULA

Pono nā kūlana hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻonoho no nā laina pale kūkākūkā laina i kēia mau hae.

  • UL497B: Nā mea pale no ke kamaʻilio ʻikepili a me nā kaʻa kaʻa ahi

mea hoʻonoho

I mea e pono ai, pono e hoʻokomo i ka pale pale e like me nā kumu i lalo.

  • Pono e hoʻopili i ka maka honua o ka pale pale a me nā pono hana pale.
  • Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pale ma ka puka komo o ka hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohuli i ke ʻano impulse i ka wā hiki.
  • Pono e hoʻokomo i ka pale pale i kahi kokoke, ma lalo o 90 kapuaʻi a 30 mau mika paha) i nā pono hana pale. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia lula, pono e hoʻokomo i nā pale pale lua i kokoke i nā pono hana
  • Pono ke alakaʻi alakaʻi (ma waena o ka hopena o ka mea pale a me ke kaapuni hoʻopaʻa hoʻonoho) e like me ka pōkole loa (ma lalo o 1.5 kapuaʻi a i ʻole 0.50 mika) a loaʻa kahi mahele o ka ʻaoʻao ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2.5 mm ʻahā.
  • Pono ke kūpaʻa honua e hoʻopili i ka code uila kūloko. ʻAʻole pono kahi lepo honua kūikawā.
  • Pono e mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā kaula i pale ʻia a pale ʻole ʻia e palena i ka hoʻopili ʻana.

ka hoʻoponopono

ʻAʻole pono ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā paipu hoʻolei kinoea LSP ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau. Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e kū mau i nā kahe kahe nui me ka poino ʻole.
Eia nō naʻe, noʻonoʻo ke hoʻolālā no ka hanana ʻoi loa a no kēia kumu; Ua hoʻolālā ʻo LSP no ka hoʻololi o nā mea pale kahi kūpono. Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kūlana o kāu mea pale laina kūpikipiki me kā LSP hiʻohiʻona SPT1003. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia anakuhi e hoʻāʻo no ka DC spark ma luna o ka uila, kaohi ʻana i nā uila a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka laina (pono ʻole) o ka pale pale. He kuʻikahi ka SPT1003, paomi pihi pihi me kahi hōʻike kikohoʻe. ʻO ka pae uila o ka mea hoʻāʻo 0 a 999 volts. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻāʻo i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e like me GDT's, diodes, Movs a i ʻole nā ​​mīkini kū hoʻokahi i hoʻolālā ʻia no AC a i ʻole DC noi.

Nā Kūlana Kūpono: SYSTEMS PALEKU UWAHI

Inā hoʻolako ʻia ka hanana e pale ʻia me kahi LPS (Lightning Protection System), nā pale pale no ke kelepona, nā laina ʻikepili a i ʻole nā ​​laina mana AC i kau ʻia ma ka puka komo o nā hale e pono e hoʻāʻo i kahi uila uila 10 / 350us me ka hōʻemi o ka palena haʻahaʻa he 2.5kA (D1 waeʻano hōʻike IEC-61643-21).