Nā hāmeʻa pale pale piʻi no nā noi ʻoihana

Aia nā noi ʻenehana i nā ʻano pono like ʻole e pono e pale ʻia mai nā hopena o nā piʻi. He mea kumukūʻai lākou i ka mea nona ka ʻoihana: nui paha ke kumukūʻai a ʻo ka holo pono ʻole ʻana, a i ʻole ke pani ʻia paha, o ia mau hāmeʻa, e lilo ana kahi poho kālā nui, e waiho ana paha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea nui, mai ke kuanaʻike o nā ʻuniona kālepa, nā limahana: hana lākou i nā pono uila a i ka hanana ke piʻi, pilikia paha ko lākou ola. ʻO nā ʻoiaʻiʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, hōʻike i nā kumu nui e ʻimi ai i ka pale mai nā nalu. Hoʻohana kēia hana i ka pale kūloko a kūwaho hoʻi mai ka uila, e like me nā ea lewa, ke kahua paʻa, nā busbar pale, nā mea pākī piʻi, nā mea āpau āpau i kapa ʻia he pale pale pale, SPD. Nui nā hui e hana i kahi plethora o nā hāmeʻa, akā ʻaʻole kūpono lākou āpau no nā noi ʻoihana.

Pale ka uila uila o kahi hale hana

Pale ka uila i ka pale a me ka pale o ka piʻi ʻana no ka hale ʻoihana

ʻO ka puʻuwai o ia mea āpau, e like me ka maʻa mau, moe i loko o kahi ʻaha a i ʻole kahi koi kū kānāwai. I kēia kūlana kikoʻī, ʻo ia ka maʻamau EN 62305 Lightning Protection, nā ʻāpana I ma o 4. Hoʻohālikelike pū ka ʻōlelo i nā ʻano o ke eo, ka makaʻu, nā ʻōnaehana pale uila a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pale uila. ʻEhā pae o ka pale uila (I ma o IV) e kuhikuhi ana i nā palena o ka uila; ʻo nā pae pale ka hana o ka pae hoʻokau. I ka hapa nui o nā noi ʻoihana, hoʻolaha ʻia ka hale ma ke ʻano he pae I a II paha. Kūlike kēia i nā koina kiʻekiʻe o ka uila I_Kapu (ke kuhi o kēia manawa me nā palena he 10/350 )s) ke kiʻekiʻe e like me 200 kA. Kuhi ʻia kahi koho kūpono e 50% o ka I holoʻokoʻa_Kapu hopu ʻia i kēia manawa e nā wahi lewa a hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahua. Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia ke koena 50% i waena o nā mea hoʻokomo (ʻo ia ma waena o nā hoʻopili kūwaho e komo ana i ka hale), maʻamau i nā kaula IT a me nā kamaʻilio, nā paipu hao a me nā kaula uila LV.

I nā kūlana pōʻino loa, pono ʻo SPD e hopu e like me 100 kA. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻili pākahi, ʻo 25 kA ka nui o ke ana (ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka TN-C) ʻōnaehana. ʻO ia ke kumu e paipai ai mākou i nā mea hoʻokaʻawale haku o ka LV unit substations (i nā hale e kūpono ana ma ke ʻano he pale LPL I) i kūpono me ka FLP50GR pani hakahaka hunaahi me ka hoʻopiha kinoea. ʻOiai ʻo SPD ʻAno 1, hōʻoia ka lakohana i ka kaulike ʻana o ka hiki a me ka hoʻolei ʻana o ka uila a me ke kuapo e hoʻololi ʻia ana i nā laina lako uila e komo ana i ka hale.

Hiki iā ia ke hopu iā I_Kapu nā kahawai e like me 50 kA. Pono e hoʻokomo pono i nā unit unitations o kēlā me kēia hale FLP25GR, kahi hui o SPD ʻAno 1 a me 2, e hōʻike ana i nā varistors pālua no ka palekana kiʻekiʻe aʻe a hāʻawi iā 25 kA o kēia au impulse hiki ke hopu ʻia. Pono e hoʻokomo pono i nā pani kūhohohohohohohohohohohohohohohohohohohoho a me nā keʻena hoʻokele me ka SPD ʻAno 2. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēlā papa i kā mākou huahana huahana ka SLP40, i mōhai ʻia ma ke ʻano he anakahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole me nā modula i hiki ke pani ʻia.

Inā aia ka mea pale i loko o 5 m mai ka lua o ka substation a i ʻole ke keʻena hoʻokele, pono e hoʻomākaukau hou ʻia ka ʻōnaehana me kahi anakuhi SPD Type 3, no ka laʻana, ka TLP10. He kānana alapine kiʻekiʻe me ka min atenuation. 30 dB ma ke kaha 0.15 - 30 MHz e hōʻike pū ana i nā hāmeʻa pale - nā varistors i hana ʻia no nā kahe i helu ʻia mai 16 a 400 A. I kēlā hihia, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale hoʻokaʻawale LC63 ma waena o SPD ʻAno 2 a me 3 e hāʻawi i ka hoʻohui pololei. o ka poe hopu. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā kaula pale i pale ʻia ma waena o ka substation a me nā pono hana pale ʻia no kāna hana kūpono.

LSP Hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka pale no nā kūlana kahi o ka hale o ka hale e hāpai i nā paneli kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi. ʻO kā mākou ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ka SLP40-PV ke kaʻina e kau i mua o ka inverter a me kona loko i hoʻokau ʻia me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hanana o ka holomua (overheating) o nā varistors a me kahi kūmole mechanical, hoʻokomo ʻia i waena o nā electrode i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā kūlana kūpono e luku ai i kahi arc DC Pono ka pale poʻohiwi no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēia au, ʻo ke koho ʻoi loa ka Moʻo FLP7-PV.

Paipai mākou e kau i nā mea hopu o kēia ʻano i nā lumi e like me nā keʻena kikowaena, nā keʻena hoʻokele, a me nā keʻena. Tele-Defender-RJ11-TELE no ka pale ʻana i nā pono kelepona, Net-Defender-RJ45-E100 no ka pale ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻikepili a me nā hōʻailona ʻike, COAX-BNC-FM no ka pale ʻana i nā pono hana e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona wikiō i hoʻouna ʻia, Net-Defender-ND-CAT-6AEA hoʻolālā ʻia no nā pūnaewele kamepiula ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ke kāleka pūnaewele a ua hoʻolālā ʻia ia mau mea no ka pale a me ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻikepili i nā pūnaewele Generation 5, a RJ45S-E100-24U no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hāʻawi 19-inch i ke kikowaena no ka pale o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma nā pūnaewele kamepiula: hāʻawi ka mea i nā kumu RJ45 a me nā mea hoʻopili LSA-PLUS. No ka pale ʻana i ka ʻikepili a me nā laina kamaʻilio a no ka pono ʻo I&C a me nā kaohi no nā laina hana, mīkini, a me nā pono hana koʻikoʻi, paipai mākou e hoʻohana Moʻo FLD2 nāna e hāʻawi i ka pale me nā mea hopu uila a me nā diode kuʻikuʻi-kuikia transient. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā hoʻolālā like ʻole me kahi helu i koho ʻia o nā pālua a helu ʻia i ka uila hana i kahi moʻo i hāʻawi ʻia. No nā kamaʻilio ʻana me ka RS 485 serial interface, hāʻawi mākou i ka pale ʻana o kēlā mau laina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka moʻo FLD2 e pale ai i nā pono pili i ka transverse a me ka lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka pale ʻana o nā kāmela a me nā hōʻuluʻulu hōʻailona wikiō, keu hoʻi i nā ʻōnaehana palekana uila a me nā ʻōnaehana pale ahi uila hoʻohana ʻo EPS i ka FLPD2 me nā mea laina ʻole no nā kahawai Imax a hiki i ka 6.5 kA. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā hāmeʻa e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana antenna me ke kaula coaxial pono e hoʻopili ʻia me nā pale pale. Hāʻawi ʻo LSP i kahi ākea o nā pale coaxial no nā ʻano mea hoʻopili like ʻole a me nā papa hana kikoʻī i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano noi he nui. Loaʻa i kēia SPD nā mea hopu uila kūikawā me ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Imax (8/20 µs) = 10 kA e hāʻawi i ka pale kūpaʻa o ka hoʻokipa a me nā pūnaewele hoʻolaha e pili ana i nā hopena o ka uila i kahi kokoke. Hāʻawi lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka recoil ma lalo o 20 dB.

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke kumuhana o ka pale ʻana i nā piʻina; hilinaʻi ka hoʻolālā kūpono i nā helu he nui. Ke kono aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kā mākou mau ʻelele kūʻai kūpono e ʻoluʻolu e ʻōlelo aku iā ʻoe i ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono o ka pale pale e hāʻawi i ka pale o kāu waiwai a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka pohō a me ka pohō o kāu waiwai.

Nā koina no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Pūnaewele Pahu Kūpikipiki (SPDs) i nā Panela Mana Hanahana

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā Pūnaewele Pahu (SPDs) i nā panela mana ʻoihana. ʻO ka papa ma lalo kahi helu o nā ʻano SPD a pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā panela kahi e koi ʻole ʻia ai kahi ʻano o ke Kaʻina. Hōʻike ʻia nā koi no ka helu uila a me ka nominal Discharge Current (NDC) o ka SPD i ka papa ma lalo. Nā SPD e hoʻohana ʻia ma waho o nā kulekele o kēia pākaukau e pono ai i ka ʻōnaehana Kuhi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka loiloi o ka SPD, hiki ke ʻoi aku kēia mau alakaʻi inā mālama ʻia kahi loiloi ʻenekini.

Pili ka papa i nā SPD "One-Port", nā mea maʻamau. Ma kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi SPD "Two-Port", he ʻano ʻae ʻia ia i ka papa ma luna, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka panela, a e hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kāna mau māka i kaha ʻia, e like me ka Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR). Ke hōʻailona ʻole ʻelua mau awa ʻAno 3 SPD me kahi SCCR, manaʻo ʻia ʻo 1000A ia. Inā ʻike ʻia ka hāmeʻa ʻelua-awa me kahi Note 4 ma ka ʻAoʻao ʻIke Papa inoa (e hōʻike ana e koi ʻia ka pale o waho i waho), pono e wehewehe ʻia kēia SPD.

Hōʻike ʻo R / C i ka mea i ʻike ʻia

1, Pākuʻi ʻia nā panela i kūpono ʻia "kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he pono lawelawe"

2, ʻo ka helu o ka uila o ka SPD ma ka liʻiliʻi o ke anakahi uila (LL) uila no nā ʻano āpau (ie LN, LL, LG). Eia kekahi laʻana, e hoʻohana nā panela i 277 / 480V e hoʻohana i SPD i helu ʻia 480V i nā ʻano āpau; e hoʻohana nā paneli i 120 a i ʻole 120/240 e hoʻohana iā SPD i helu ʻia 240V i nā ʻano āpau.

ʻŌlelo SPD:

Hoʻokahi Port - SPD ma ʻō aku o ka laina.

ʻElua Port - SPD ma ʻō aku o ka laina, a me kahi circuitry hou aʻe i ka moʻo me ka ukana. ʻAʻole e ʻoi aku ke kahe i kēia manawa ma o kēia hāmeʻa i kāna helu pane lāki ʻia.

Nā memo - ka wehewehe ʻana i nā koina:

Kahi i helu ʻia ai anakahi uila, MCOV (Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage) paha nā waiwai
Nominal Discharge Current (NDC): E kapa ʻia hoʻi ia ma IN. ʻO nā helu helu maʻamau he 3kA, 5kA, 10kA, a 20kA paha. Nā wehewehe - mai UL1449 (informative)

ʻAno Loiloi (pili i nā hōʻoia ma mua o ʻApelila 2010):

ʻAno 1 - SPD pili pili paʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma waena o ke kekona o ka mea hoʻololi lawelawe a me ka ʻaoʻao laina o nā lakohana lawelawe i hala i kēia manawa, a me ka ʻaoʻao hoʻouka, e like me nā pā mika watt-hola a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻouka me ka ʻole o ka overcurrent kūwaho. mea pale pale.

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa.

ʻAno 2 - SPD pili pili paʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻouka o nā lakohana lawelawe iʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana; me nā SPD e waiho nei ma ka panela lālā.

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa.

ʻAno 3 - Kahi hoʻohana i nā SPD, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 10 mau mika (30 kapuaʻi) mai ka panela lawelawe uila a i ke kiko o ka hoʻohana ʻana, no ka laʻana, pili ke kaula, plug-in pololei, ʻano ʻāpana a me SPD i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka pale ʻia nā pono hana. E ʻike māka ma 64.2. ʻO ka mamao (10 mau mika) kahi o nā alakaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia paha e hoʻopili i nā SPD.

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa.

ʻAno 4 Component SPDs, me nā ʻāpana discrete e like me nā ʻākoakoa ʻāpana.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa ma ke ʻano he "Type 4 no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi xxx" ma kahi o xxx, 1, 2, 3, a i ʻole "ʻē aʻe". Nā helu helu (pili i nā palapala hōʻoia ma hope o ʻApelila 2010):

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa.

ʻAno 2 - SPD pili pili paʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻouka o nā lakohana lawelawe iʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana; me nā SPD e waiho nei ma ka panela lālā.

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa.

ʻAno 3 - Kahi hoʻohana i nā SPD, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 10 mau mika (30 kapuaʻi) mai ka panela lawelawe uila a i kahi o ka hoʻohana, no ka laʻana, pili ke kaula, plug-in pololei, ʻano ʻāpana a me SPD i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka pale ʻia nā pono hana.

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa.

ʻAno 1, 2, 3 Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo - Aia ia o kahi ʻaha ʻĀpana ʻĀpana 4 me ka pale kaapuni pōkole kūloko a i waho paha.

ʻO kēia nā hālāwai e like me kā UL508's “Open Type Devices.” ʻO lākou paha ka DIN rail i kau ʻia no ka hoʻonohonoho panela. ʻAno 1 a me 2 ʻāpana ʻekahi e ʻākoakoa i ka hoʻāʻo pōkole ʻana.

Huipū hui 4 type - Huihui hui me kahi o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha ʻĀpana 5 hui pū me kahi hoʻokaʻawale (hoʻohui a kūwaho paha) a i ʻole kahi ala o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua o kēia manawa ma ka ʻaoʻao UL1449 44.4 (4th edition). Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa, maʻa mau ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano pale pale pumehana. Ua hoʻokolohua ʻia paha lākou a ʻaʻole paha.

ʻAno 5 - ʻO nā mea hōʻemi kūpikipiki kīnā ʻole, e like me nā Movs i kau ʻia ma luna o kahi PWB, i hoʻopili ʻia e kāna mau alakaʻi a i hāʻawi ʻia paha i loko o kahi pā me nā ala e piʻi ai a me nā hoʻopau ʻana o ka uila.

ʻIke ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa, maʻa mau ʻole i ka pale ʻana i ka wela.