Multi-pulses anya na-echebe ngwaọrụ MSPD

2 PfG 2634 - Nnwale ndị ọzọ maka Multi-pulses Ndị na-echedo nchebe na-ejikọ na sistemụ obere ike - Nchọpụta na ụzọ nyocha

akporo

Nke a bụ naanị otu ule ọzọ maka IEC 61643-11: 2011. Nnwale ọzọ a nwere ike ịdị na ngwaọrụ maka nchedo oke megide mmetụta na-enweghị isi na nke ọkụ nke ọkụ ma ọ bụ oke nchịkwa ndị ọzọ na-adịghị agafe agafe. A kwakọtara ngwaọrụ ndị a iji jikọọ na 50/60 Hz ac, na ngwa akụrụngwa ruru 1 000 V rms

A na-ahazi njirimara arụmọrụ, usoro ọkọlọtọ maka ule na ọkwa. Ngwaọrụ ndị a nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu akụrụngwa na-enweghị usoro ma ezube iwelata oke ọkụ ma mee ka mmiri na-asọ.

Ntughari akwukwo

IEC 61643-11: 2011, Ngwa nchebe na-adịghị ala ala - Nkebi nke 11: ngwaọrụ nchebe na-ejikọ na sistemụ ike-obere voltage-chọrọ na usoro nyocha

3. Okwu, nkọwa, na ndebiri

3.1.101 (MSPD) Igwe nkpuchi di iche-iche kariri

SPD nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ọrịa strok n'otu nsị ma nwalee ya n'ọtụtụ ebili mmiri.

Mara: ọ bụrụ na onye nrụpụta kwupụtara na SPD nwere ike iguzogide ọtụtụ mkpali, MSPD kwesịrị ịgafe nnwale achọrọ maka (MCW) Multi-pulses mix wave.

3.1.102 (MCW) Igwe otutu nchikota otutu

Ebumnobi ugbu a na-agba ọsọ na-agbakọta site na otutu pulses dị ka otu njupụta na oge etiti oge

Nyocha 8.3.101 chọrọ maka (MCW) Ngwunye ọtụtụ ngwakọta

A na-etinye ule ahụ maka MSPD nke bụ maka njikọ L-PE / N na TN, TT na IT.

Maka ule a, a ga-eji ihe atụ ọhụrụ atọ mee ihe dị mkpa maka ule a na-ezo aka na IEC 61643-11: 2011 Nkebi nke 8

8.3.101.1 nyocha nyocha nke (MCW) Ngwakọta ngwakọta ọtụtụ ngwugwu

Mara: na tebụl dị n'elu bụ naanị maka oke oke nke MCW rue nrụtụ aka, onye nrụpụta nwere ike ikwupụta oke ha akọwapụtara nke MCW nke MSPD n'ụdị dịka nkebiahịrị 8.3.101.3 na-egosi. Oge agbata ga-esonyere ya na tebụl dị n'elu na-egosi na oge etiti ahụ site na nke mbụ ruo na nke ikpeazụ bụ 60 ms, na oge etiti oge n'etiti mkpali abụọ ikpeazụ bụ 400 ms.

8.3.101.2 Ahụkarị ụdịdị igwe ikuku na -emepụta ihe na -emepụta ihe

8.3.101.3 Nchọpụta nke ngwakọta ngwakọta ngwakọta ọtụtụ

dịka MS-8 / 20μs-10p / 20kA
MS - Otutu
8 / 20μs - mkpali ugbu a
10p - 10 usu
20kA - Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu site na nke abụọ gaa na 9th mkpali

8.3.101.4 eserese sekit

Naanị U_ref= 255 V, enwere ike ịchọta oge dị mkpirikpi nke isi iyi ike a karịa 100 A na ule ahụ. Usoro ike nkesa ndị ọzọ na-atụle. Ọ bụrụ na ndị nrụpụta na-ekwupụta disconnectors Mpụga, Mpụpụ ndị mpụga kwesịrị itinye maka ijikọ n'oge ule ahụ, mana nkwụsị nke mpụga ekwesịghị ime.

8.3.101.5 Ckpụrụ gafere

TUV Rheinland weputara uzo ohuru 2 PfG 2634.08.17 - Ule ndi ozo maka otutu ihe eji agbaputa ihe na echedo na sistemụ ike-volt

Thekpụrụ na-adabere na nyocha nke mba ụwa nke mbụ na-eme ka ule nyocha dị iche iche na-abawanye, ule nyocha dị nso na nkesa nkesa nkesa nke SPD na ngbanye gburugburu ebe obibi, nke ọdịdị anụ ọkụ nke anụ ọkụ na-emetụta maka égbè eluigwe na àmụmà, àmụmà. agbachitere na-enye usoro ikpo okwu ọhụrụ maka nyocha dị elu, ọ bara uru maka mmepe ezubere iche iji dozie ngwa dị iche iche na ngwaahịa nchekwa ọkụ, iji nye mmezi nke ịgba narị nde SPD naanị nkwado ntanetị n'ịntanetị, ga na-akwalite SPD R&D zuru ụwa ọnụ na nkwalite teknụzụ mmepụta.

Nzukọ a kpọrọ ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n'ọhịa nke SPD, ọnụ maka njikwa ụlọ ọrụ metụtara SPD, teknụzụ, ogo, nyocha, na mmepe nke ndị ọrụ iji kọwaa ụkpụrụ SPD ọhụrụ, iji nyere ụlọ ọrụ aka ịkwalite nyocha na ikike mmepe, ezubere iji zute chọrọ nke àgwà ngwaahịa, enyere onye ọ bụla nnukwu emeputa ịbanye mba ahịa, na-akwalite enterprise image.

Standardkpụrụ nyocha SPD sitere na otu-pulse na multi-pulse

Na-aga n'ihu mmepe nke electronic technology, nile di iche iche nke elu electronic ngwaahịa na-ọtụtụ-eji na-ewu, njem, electric ike, nkwurịta okwu, chemical ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ ubi, na na ala voltaji ike nkesa usoro na a dịgasị iche iche nke eletriki mmiri nke nwere ọgụgụ isi. nke nta nke nta, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke uru nrụgide dị ala, uche dị elu, njikọta dị elu nke ihe ndị dị na kọmputa na ngwa ahụ. Otú ọ dị, àmụmà overvoltage ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ overvoltage, mgbe mgbe na-eweta na-egbu ihe na kọmputa. Ya mere, iji gbochie oke ọkụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọkụ eletriki na eletrikiiki ma melite nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, a na-eji ụdị ngwaahịa SPD niile eme ihe.

Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ọdịdị anụ ahụ mmadụ nke egbe eluigwe na-enweghị nghọta zuru oke na nghọta doro anya, àmụmà na-akpata ọtụtụ ụdị echiche dị iche iche dabere na ụfọdụ ihe dị mkpa na nkwenye, yana ngwa ngwa nke ndị na-eche nche, ngwaahịa nchekwa ọkụ, ọkachasị dabere na nghọta nke otu usu àmụmà. Mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke SPD n'oge gara aga dịkwa na ọrụ nyocha ụwa na IEC 61643 nke mba ụwa na nyocha na mmepụta nke ụkpụrụ ọrụ aka, yana site na ụlọ elu laboratori ọkụ na-eji 10 / 350μs ma ọ bụ 8 / 20μs ule nke otu ihe ọkụkụ. .

N'ezie, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nsonaazụ nleba anya nke egbe eluigwe na àmụ̀mà ahụ na égbè eluigwe ahụ na omume nchebe àmụmà na-egosi na àmụ̀mà ahụ nwere otu ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ nnwale ụlọ nyocha nke usoro SPD, na eziokwu nke ezigbo ọkụ ọkụ ọgbụgba ahụ n'oge ọtụtụ usu, site na otu nyocha nke SPD na nnwere onwe n'ezie mgbe ọkụ ọgbụgba, na ọnụahịa ya dị oke ọnụ, na-edugakarị na SPD overheat gbawara ọkụ, na-ebute ihe mberede ọkụ. Yabụ, ịnagide mkpịsị ujo nke SPD chọrọ mkpa ngwa ngwa n'ọhịa nke mkpuchi ọkụ ọkụ n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, na-enyekwa ndị nrụpụta ezigbo ohere maka mmepe.

Mana n'ihi ndị nrụpụta SPD melite enweghị nghọta nke ụkpụrụ dabara adaba, enwere ụfọdụ njedebe n'ihe metụtara imepụta ngwaahịa, na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta SPD siri ike nweta ọganiihu na mmepe ngwaahịa na mmepụta, na-agba mbọ n'ịchọ ahịa mba ụwa.

Iji kwalite mmepe nke iguzogide ọtụtụ usu mmetụta ngwaahịa SPD, TUV Rheinland ikike ụlọ ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha SPD - "Beijing Leishan Testing Center", na-ejikọ na njirimara nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, yana SPD ọtụtụ usu ule na asambodo. ụkpụrụ na azịza, maka ụlọ ọrụ metụtara ya iji nye azịza ngwa ngwa ma zuru oke, na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ SPD aka n'ahịa mba.

A nabatala asambodo SPD TUV Rheinland n'ụwa niile, ndị ọkachamara nwere ahụmahụ iji nye nchekwa na mmesi obi ike maka ngwaahịa a, ma nyere ndị ahịa aka inweta ihe ọmụma teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ na ike ahịa. Na mgbakwunye, TUV Rheinland nwere ndị ahịa niile, nwere ike inyere ndị nrụpụta SPD aka ịgbasa ọwa ndị ahịa.

Otutu-pulses anya n'echebe (MSPD) ndabere na nke ugbu a ọnọdụ nke ule ọkọlọtọ

Na Nọvemba 2017, Germany TUV Rheinland Group wepụtara “jikọọ na sistemụ ike ọkụ na-adịghị ala nke ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na-echekwa ngwaọrụ nchekwa ọzọ - arụmọrụ chọrọ yana ụzọ nyocha (IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634), na“ Beijing Leishan Testing Center ”TUV Rheinland SPD ngwaahịa imekọ ihe ọnụ lab oghere.

Standardkpụrụ 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 dabere na nyocha nke mba ụwa nke mbụ na-abawanye ule nyocha ahụ, teknụzụ ule dị nso na nkesa nkesa usoro nke SPD na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmetụta anụ ahụ na-emetụta, iji zute égbè eluigwe, àmụmà. agbachitere na-enye nyocha nyocha nke ọkwa dị elu, ọ bara uru maka mmepe ezubere iche iji dozie ngwa dị iche iche na ngwaahịa mkpuchi ọkụ, iji nye mmezi nke ịgba narị narị nde SPD naanị nkwado ntanetị n'ịntanetị, kwalite SPD zuru ụwa ọnụ R&D na mmepụta technology upgrading.

Ogologo oge 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 wepụtara ncheta nke abụọ, onye isi Sun Yong nke "Beijing Leishan Testing Center" na Injinia Yang Yongming nke Germany Rhine TUV, jikọrọ aka nyochaa usoro nyocha usoro 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17, wee gosipụta ọnọdụ mmepe ugbu a.

Sun Yong: usoro nhazi usoro otutu otutu

Na 2016 Beijing Leishan ụlọ ọrụ guzobere àmụmà multiple usu elu voltaji laabu. Nlekọta nchebe site n'ọtụtụ ikuku nke China mepụtara patent holder anya n'echebe (MSPD) na ọtụtụ usu ule ọkọlọtọ (draft) draftsman, ndị a ma ama nchedo ọkachamara Yang Shaojie ikike, "Beijing Leishan Testing Center" merie anya n'echebe MSPD dee otutu usu ule ule (draft) nke nwebisiinka. Iji mezuo nke a, otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọkụ na Beijing nke otu MSPD na otu ihe nchekwa nke ugbu a (SPD) maka ịmụtakwu ihe. Mgbe ọtụtụ puku ugboro nke ule akụrụngwa, gụnyere T1, T2 na T3 MSPD na SPD ma jiri ya mepụta nkọwapụta dị iche iche nke ihe nchebe MOV, GDT, mmeghe, obere mgbawa na ihe SCB, dị ka eriri nnyefe, ikuku ikuku wdg, chịkọbara ọtụtụ ule data nyocha, iji dee ọtụtụ ihe nkwụnye mgbatị MSPD nyocha elele na-enye data dị mkpa iji kwado.

Onye na-eche nche nke na-ebugharị MSPD ọtụtụ nyocha ederede, na-ezo aka na ọgbakọ mba ụwa na ike grid (CIGRE) nke e bipụtara na 2013, ngwa ọrụ teknụzụ nke teknụzụ nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ (nsụgharị Bekee), isiokwu a bụ maka nnukwu nzukọ nchịkọta mba ụwa bipụtara karịa ihe karịrị afọ 30 gara aga, akụkụ ọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ (Berger, k. Anderson RB na Kroninger h. 1975. Electra Nke 41, p. 23-37) bipụtara na 1980 na ngwa injinia nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ (Anderson RB na Eriksson AJ 1980. Electra Nke 69, p. 65-102.) Ndegharị. Akwụkwọ a gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na nchịkọta: "ihe karịrị 80% nke ọkụ na-adịghị mma na-agụnye abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa abụọ azụ. Onu ogugu a di elu karia nke gara aga Andersonand Eriksson (1980), nke dabere na ihe ndekọ nke ezighi ezi nke 55% .Ọ bụla oge nzaghachi ọ bụla maka 3-5, ihe dịka 60 ms oge geometric nkezi. Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n’ụzọ atọ na ọkara nke ọkụ ahụ, na kilomita ole na ole iche abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa karịa ebe abụọ. Ma ihe ọ bụla na-acha ọkụ naanị ndekọ ndekọ, mmụba ọkụ ọkụ tụrụ ihe mgbatị bara uru bụ ihe dịka 1.5 ka 1.7, nke dị elu karịa Anderson na Eriksson 1.1 (1980) buru ụzọ mee atụmatụ. Nzaghachi maka oge mbụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu kachasị elu na-adịkarị karịa mgbe e mesịrị mgbe nloghachi ugbu a dị elu 2 ruo ugboro 3. Otú ọ dị, ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọkụ ahụ nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu mgbe inwe nnukwu ọkụ eletrik dị elu mgbe ọ laghachiri. Na tiori, ogo ya ugbua kwesiri kariri nke mbu. Bụ ukwuu karịa mbụ kụrụ azụ mgbe nloghachi ike edoghi na ndị ọzọ na usoro mejupụtara ndị ọzọ iyi egwu “.

Na August 12, 2008, Guangzhou ọjọọ polarity ubi ule isi nke keakamere akpali àmụmà égbè eluigwe nwere ugboro asatọ, na Chinese Academy of Sciences ikuku Qie xiushu otu achikota keakamere ịkpalite àmụmà nnwale na Shandong n'ógbè si 2005 ka 2010 dị ka a dum, na chọpụtara. Mgbapu ọkụ 22, 95% maka usu, oge 17 na-ewepụta ihe karịrị 400 ms (millisecond), ọnụọgụ kachasị nke 11. Ihe nyocha nke ngwa eletriki na ihe ngosi nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na-akọwapụta nkọwapụta ọzọ, gosipụtara ọzọ na nchikota nke ọtụtụ usu e ji mara zuru ụwa ọnụ: ya bụ Nchikota otutu usu-efegharị efegharị nwere abụọ kacha, nkezi usu nkeji bụ 60 ms, akpatre a usu na usu oge tupu 400 ms. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, SPD a ma ama, ejiri nwalee ihe dị ugbu a 20 kA, nke a tụrụ site na ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ 1.64 kA ugbu a (8 pulses) .Nchọpụta a, ọ bụghị naanị na ị hụrụ ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agbapụta, mana ọ na-egosikwa na nyocha ahụ nwere ike ịbụ eji na otutu usu àmụmà usu ihapu nke MSPD mkpa na ịdị ngwa.

Nchikota nke mba na ulo maka ihe ndi mmadu na-achoputa na ihe nlere, nyocha nke komputa nakweere 8 / 20μs (tinyere 10 S pulse dika nsogbu nke MSPD.

Dị ka anụ ahụ kwa nke àmụmà ihapu usu ọzọ, otutu usu-efegharị efegharị, akpa usu na onye ikpeazụ nke usu njupụta nke elu ọnụ uru, n'etiti usu njupụta maka 1/2 elu ọnụ uru; Nkpuru mbu nke obula nke di n’agbata 9 rue 60 ms, tupu n’ikpeazu ihe a na-eme na nsoro a bu ihe di otutu bu 400 ms.

Kwesịrị ikpochapụ, ụfọdụ nkọwa, otu mkpịsị akwara na-enweghị ngwaọrụ nchekwa (SPD) nwekwara ike ịbụ site na ise nke mmetụta ikuku ọkụ agwakọtara. Dị ka ụkpụrụ ule mba si dị, mgbe ngwaọrụ nchebe ndabere na usoro SPD na-efegharị ikuku ọkụ, ma ọ bụ na-enweghị dochie ihe ndị na-enweghị eriri ọla kọpa nke ule nkwụsị dị mkpirikpi, isi enweghị ike ịgafe ule ahụ. Eziokwu ahụ nyere aka na osisi ịde ihe iji dee ọtụtụ mkpirisi MSPD ngwa ngwa nke ule ule, n'ihi na naanị ọrụ edere ozugbo enwere ike, site na ntuziaka ọkọlọtọ, maka nchọpụta teknụzụ mkpuchi teknụzụ na ndị ọrụ mmepe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eme ka ụzọ MSPD dị, nwere ike ịkwalite nchedo ọkụ nke mma nke teknụzụ ngwaahịa na mmepe ahụike nke mkpuchi àmụmà na mgbochi ọdachi.

Yang Yongming: ọtụtụ usoro nyocha MSPD nke etinyere n'afọ abụọ gara aga

2 PFG 2634 "jikọọ na sistemụ ike ọkụ dị ala nke ọtụtụ ngwugwu na-echekwa ngwaọrụ nchekwa ọzọ - arụmọrụ chọrọ yana ụzọ nyocha" enwetara mgbe nzukọ ụlọ na nke mba dị mkpa maka nzaghachi ụkpụrụ ngwa ngwa.

Society na 2018, "ọha mmadụ wepụtara 2018 kwa afọ ọkọlọtọ (mbụ) atụmatụ nke ọkwa" (okwu ihu ọha [2018] mba. 50), kwadoro site Nanjing Kuanyong Electronics Co., Ltd., na-ede nke okporo ụzọ ọtụtụ usu àmụmà nchedo imewe nkọwapụta na teknụzụ ọkọlọtọ “.

Na 2018, bie iwu oru ngo, ma ọ bụ kọmitii iji dee "akụrụngwa nke usoro nkesa nke obere voltaji na-eche nche - ọrụ arụmọrụ na ụzọ nyocha.

ILPS emere na Shenzhen na 2018, mkparịta ụka mkparịta ụka mba ụwa nke anọ na nchedo ọkụ ọkụ, onye isi oche nke International Electrotechnical Commission IEC SC4A Alain Rousseau kpọtụrụ ụkpụrụ a aha, yana n'obi okwu PPT IEC37-61643.11 / 2011 PFG 2 “ jikọọ na sistemụ ike ọkọnọ dị ala nke ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na-eche nche ngwaọrụ ọzọ - arụmọrụ chọrọ yana ụzọ nyocha nke iji nkwonkwo, nke mbụ ndị China ga-ede ebe obibi gị ka ụkpụrụ IEC mba ụwa ga-akwado.

Na 2019, ndị otu na-ahụ maka ọrụ ihu igwe nke China kwadoro Beijing ka ọ hụ ebe a na-achọpụta ihe ọkụ ọkụ iji dee ụkpụrụ ọgbụgba ọkụ karịa ụkpụrụ nduzi zuru oke, ọ bụ ntọala maka mmepe nke teknụzụ teknụzụ ọtụtụ, ọkọlọtọ edepụtara na nkeji oge, ihe chọrọ chọrọ, ihe niile ndị a dabere na afọ 30 nke mba ụwa eke àmụmà injinịa kwa nnyocha, mgbakọ na mwepụ itinye n'ọkwa fụlawa na-etolite ọkọlọtọ nke laabu.

Na Julaị 2019, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) wepụtara IEC61400-24-2019 "nchedo ọkụ nke usoro ike ikuku" nke mbụ 8.5.5.12: nguzogide nke SPD na-enwu ọkụ karịa ọtụtụ nsogbu. N'ihi ọkụ ọkụ igwe ikuku dị n'okpuru oke oge, yana SPD na ikuku ikuku dị oke egwu, yabụ kwesịrị ịnagide ọtụtụ ọkụ ọkụ SPD. (Rịba ama: ọtụtụ ọrịa strok; Otutu Pulse; Otutu mgbu ọkụ. Multi - usu nwere ike ịtụgharị asụsụ otutu usu).

Solstice na 30 Ọktoba 2019 na Ọktọba 31, site na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ngwaọrụ mkpuchi àmụmà Beijing, nchedo ọkụ ọkụ nke kọmitii agụmakwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na-eduzi China na-eduzi otu nchịkọta akụkọ "usoro nke nkesa usoro ikuku nke obere voltaji na-eche nche - arụmọrụ chọrọ na ụzọ nyocha nke na-arụ ọrụ otu nzukọ ga-enwe na Beijing. Dabere na ọha na ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke China ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọha na eze nke China na 2019 ọkọlọtọ atụmatụ “, chọrọ site na unit na mkpokọta ọrụ dechara site na njedebe nke June 2020 ọkọlọtọ.

Sun Yong: banyere otutu-pulses waveform parameters nke ujo ife

N'agbanyeghị ụkpụrụ ule SPD nke mba na ụlọ, usoro 10 / 350s bara uru maka nhazi nke SPD nyocha nke ugbu a maka T1, gbanwee maka uzu 10/350 nke SPD na-achọkarị iji ụdị ụdị ngbanwe, ụdị nkwụsị ngwaọrụ mgba ọkụ bụ nsogbu siri ike, yana nrụgide na-egbochi ngwaọrụ na oge nzaghachi bụ nsogbu ọzọ. N'ụwa niile, usoro ntụgharị 10/350 nke ejiri mee ihe maka SPD nyocha ugbu a abụwo arụmụka. Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke data egosiri na-egosi na 10 / 350s na-agbapụta ọkụ na nke na-agbapụta ọkụ nke ọkụ nke ọtụtụ mgbanwe ntụgharị ihu igwe, 8 / 20μs karịa 10 / 350μs waveform parameter s waveform parameters dị nso na ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na-agbapụta ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, na nkedo nke okike àmụmà pulse waveform parameters dị ka o kwere mee bụ ịchụso ụlọ nyocha. Nke a bụ eserese eserese na 8 / 20μs waveform parameters dị ka MSPD mmetụta ugbu a ife, otu n'ime ihe kpatara ya.

Dabere na ọkọlọtọ nnwale SPD nke mba na ụlọ, tụọ ma enwere ike ịkọwa SPD dị ka T1 oke abụghị akara ngosi kachasị mkpa nke mkpali ọkụ ọkụ ugbu a, mana mmetụta nke ihapu oke Iimp ugbu a; Specific ike ụgwọ Q na W / R. Ọkọlọtọ mba GB50057-2010 site na koodu maka imepụta nchedo ọkụ ọkụ T1 bụ 12.5 KA nke uru Q nke 6.25 AS; W / R uru nke 39 kj / Ω.

Iji mezuo nke a, anyị na-eji laabu eji 8 / 20s eme ihe ngosi nke 10 mu s pulse, nsogbu nrụgide na-egbochi ụdị nnwale MSPD ọtụtụ. 60 ka ịrị elu ugbu a nke uru Q nke 6.31 AS; W / R bụ 52.90 kj / Ω. Ihe data na-egosi na ụdị MSPD dị iche iche na-eji ngwaọrụ nrụgide nwere ike kpamkpam site na nyocha T1, edozi nke ọma site na iji ngwaọrụ ngbanwe ụdị bụ nnukwu nsogbu abụọ. Nke a bụ eserese eserese na 8 / 20μs waveform parameters dị ka MSPD impulse ugbu a, ebumnuche ọzọ.

Yang Yongming: Teknụzụ MSPD dị iche iche nke China na-akpalitekwu nchegbu nke ndị asọmpi mba ụwa

China otutu usu MSPD isi technology site Guangdong ọta ụlọ ọrụ mgbe fọrọ nke nta a afọ iri nke nnyocha na a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọnwụnwa nwere, ihe karịrị 2014 afọ T1, T2 na T3 usu MSPD nweela mba patent. N'ụwa, e nwere United States, Germany, Singapore, Bangladesh, France na mba ndị ọzọ ndị ọkachamara na-enye nchedo ọkụ iji nyochaa ma tụlee., Onye isi oche nke IEC 2014 SC37A Alain Rousseau jiri aka ya duzie ndị ọkachamara German abụọ iji chebe, ala na arụmọrụ nke otu pulse SPD na nnwale MSPD dị iche, Ọktoba 13, 2014, nnọkọ nke 32 nke ogbako ICLP na Shanghai, onye isi ala Alain kpọrọ “ịbawanye ule pulse” maka okwu SPD

Sun Yong: MSPD usoro ngwaahịa na ahịa ina

Mgbe ọtụtụ ule, MSPD ogbe mmepụta nke pụrụ iche mmiri ọkọnọ yinye na-ike. Malite na 2019, na-eji ọta nke Guangdong multi-pulses MSPD patent technology nke MSPD usoro ngwaahịa gafere Beijing àmụmà center IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634 “jikọọ na ala voltaji ike ọkọnọ usoro nke otutu usu anya ngwaọrụ nchedo ọzọ - arụmọrụ arụmọrụ na ụzọ nyocha nke nchọpụta, bata n'ahịa.

Obi abụọ adịghị ya na n'ọtụtụ ọkọlọtọ MSPD nyocha, n'okpuru nduzi nke MSPD na China ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie SPD, nye ọrụ ọrụ nka dị elu maka nchebe ọkụ na mgbochi ọdachi, iji hụ na nchekwa nke owuwu akụ na ụba nke China na ndị mmadụ ndụ na ihe onwunwe na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Enwere ike ibu amụma na na mba anyị, njikwa njikwa ọkọlọtọ n'ihe banyere nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ, ndị ọkachamara na ndị na-eme nchọpụta nchebe, yana nyocha, ule na injinia na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, na nso nso, ngwaọrụ nchekwa nke China (SPDs) ihe kpatara ga-abụ ọkwa ọhụrụ, ọ ga-aga mba ọzọ, ọrụ nke ụwa.

Ngwaọrụ nchedo (SPDs), mkpa nke nnwale ọtụtụ-ihe site na asambodo TUV

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ mmadụ ka enweghi ụkọ zuru oke maka nchekwa ọkụ na nghọta doro anya, buru ibu n'ọhịa nke ihe niile a pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, obere na obere igbe, enwere ihe chọrọ nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ, usoro nchebe àmụmà nwekwara ọtụtụ, dị dị ka ntuziaka mkpanaka ọkụ, na-eji otu ụgwọ ebubo, ma ọ bụ ugbu a bụ ihe nchebe kachasị eji eme ihe (SPD), bụ ụdị nke ụdị ngwá electronic, ngwá ọrụ, usoro nkwukọrịta na-enye nchebe nchebe nke ngwaọrụ eletrọniki. N'ihi àmụmà nke na-ebibi ihe nke ukwuu, nke ugbu a nwere ike iru ọtụtụ narị puku amps, na-ebutekarị ihe na-egbu egbu na kọmputa. Ya mere, iji melite nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi nke sistemụ akụrụngwa, a na-eji ụdị nchebe dị iche iche (SPD) n'ọtụtụ ebe. Ihe kwekọrọ na ntinye aka nke TUV na-eche nche dị oke mkpa.

Lightning na-akpata ọtụtụ echiche, n'aka nke ọzọ, dabere na ụfọdụ ihe dị mkpa na nkwenye, nke na-emetụta mmepe nke usoro nke mkpuchi ọkụ, yabụ nke a na-eji ugbu a na-eche nche (SPD), dị ka ngwaahịa mkpuchi àmụmà na otu ihe ọkụ ọkụ mara, IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) ga-ebulite nchebe (SPD) nnwale nnwale nnwale a na-akọwa dịka 8 / 20μs na 10 / 350μs, wdg.

Standardkpụrụ nyocha SPD sitere na otu-pulse na multi-pulse

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ nyocha ọkụ eletrik zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka IEC 61643-2011 maka SPD na otu ule na-efegharị efegharị, ebe mmetụta nke otu igodo na-adabaghị na njirimara anụ ahụ nke àmụmà eke (90% ọpụpụ nke àmụmà adịghị mma. Dabere na nyocha nke ọkọlọtọ ule ngwaahịa ruru eru n'ịntanetị na-agba ọsọ n'ime nsogbu ọkụ ka dị, maka ọkụ eletrik, nkwukọrịta, nchekwa wetara nnukwu ọghọm, wdg. IEC ọkọlọtọ nke SPD kachasị edozi ngwa dị iche iche nke ihe ndị chọrọ ụlọ ọrụ SPD chọrọ yana nkwụsi ike otu mmetụta, nkwụsị ọgụ dị mkpirikpi, ikike ikike TOV n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọkụ na nchekwa ọkụ. Ọ bụ ụkpụrụ IEC maka usoro ọhụụ nke IEC na-esote mmelite banyere ebido na 2019, ihe owuwu niile ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ugbu a, ga-adabere na IEC 61643-1 echiche na ihe ndị achọrọ, na 11 maka ụzọ SPD ike na ụzọ nyocha, - 21 maka usoro nyocha SPD na ihe achọrọ, - 31 maka usoro nnwale SPD nke foto na ihe achọrọ, - 41 maka usoro SPD dc na ihe achọrọ.

Maka ihapu nsogbu nsogbu emetụtagoro kemgbe ihe dị mkpa n'ọhịa nchebe mkpuchi ụwa na ụwa. Dabere na nke a, Germany Rheinland TUV depụtara 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 SPD ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ teknụzụ usu. Ọkọlọtọ na ndabere nke mbụ mba ọkọlọtọ ule enwekwu multiple usu ule, ule technology bụ ihe nso na ịme anwansị nke eke àmụmà ahụ e ji mara, izute thunder, agbachitere égbè eluigwe na-enye a ọhụrụ n'elu ikpo okwu maka elu larịị nnyocha, bụ ọ bara uru maka mmepe echere maka imeghari na ngwa dị iche iche na ngwaahịa nke ọkụ ọkụ, iji nye ntanetị ntanetị nke na-agba ọsọ nke ọtụtụ narị nde SPD naanị nkwado teknụzụ, ga-agbanyekwa maka SPD R&D zuru ụwa ọnụ na nkwalite teknụzụ mmepụta.

N'ihi ndị na-emepụta SPD melite enweghị nghọta nke ụkpụrụ kwesịrị ekwesị, enwere ụfọdụ njedebe n'ihe gbasara imepụta ngwaahịa, na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta SPD siri ike nweta ọganiihu na mmepe ngwaahịa na mmepụta, na-agbasi mbọ ike n'ịchọ ahịa mba ụwa.

Iji kwalite mmepe nke iguzogide ọtụtụ nsonaazụ ngwaahịa SPD, TUV Rheinland ikike ikike ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke SPD, na-ejikọ njirimara nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na maka ụlọ ọrụ metụtara ya iji nye azịza ọsọ ọsọ na nke zuru oke, nyere ndị ụlọ ọrụ SPD aka ịbanye ahịa mba ụwa.

A nabatala asambodo SPD TUV Rheinland n'ụwa niile, ndị ọkachamara nwere ahụmahụ iji nye nchekwa na mmesi obi ike maka ngwaahịa a, ma nyere ndị ahịa aka inweta ihe ọmụma teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ na ike ahịa. Na mgbakwunye, TUV Rheinland nwere ndị ahịa niile, nwere ike inyere ndị nrụpụta SPD aka ịgbasa ọwa ndị ahịa.

Nsonaazụ na nyocha banyere ngwaọrụ nchebe (SPDs) nyocha site na 10 pulse na multi-pulses

1.Device N'okpuru Ule (DUT) na Waveform setịpụrụ

1.1 ỌRUT

1.2 Mgbagharị

10 ahụmịhe experimentally waveform, usu 8/20 =s = 2 ugboro n'etiti 8 usu njupụta, oge etiti oge dị ka ndị a: mbụ itoolu usu - 60 ms usu etiti, nke ikpeazụ usu - 400 ms usu nkeji. N'itinye ihe ntanetị 10 n'otu oge, ike ọrụ nhazi oge nke 255V / 100A. Edeela ụdị usoro a na QX ụlọ ọrụ na China ma na-edepụta teknụzụ asambodo 2 PGF TUV Rheinland, dị ka ụzọ nyocha nke nnyefe nke nnwale nnwale dị iche iche na arụmọrụ nke onye na-eche nche.

2. Otu A - DUT

Otu A - nsonaazụ nke nnwale ọtụtụ-ọnụọgụ na njupụta dị iche iche

Otu A - usoro nhazi nke ngwaahịa a maka nchedo otu mkpụrụ osisi Na = 60 kA, mana na 10 usu, n'okpuru njupụta nke 30 na 60 kA, ma mmebi n'oge ọgbụgba nke asaa, mechara na-agba ọkụ na 255 V / 100. Gbanwee njupụta nnwale, nke achọtara na nha iri nke iri na 10 ruo 40 kA, enweghị mmebi na usoro nke mmetụta, mana mgbe ujo ahụ niile DUT na-ebute ntọhapụ; Na njupụta 20 nke 10 ruo 30 kA, na-eji 15 DUT iji nwalee, naanị 2 DUT na-ewepụta ntọhapụ, ị nwere ike ịkọ amụma nha nha nke 1 bụ njigide njedebe nchebe.

3.Group B - nsonaazụ nke nnwale ọtụtụ-ọnụọgụ na njupụta dị iche iche

Group B - nhazi nke ngwaahịa a maka nchekwa maka otu esemokwu Na = 60 kA, mana na 10 usu, n'okpuru njupụta nke 30 na 60 kA, ma mmebi n'oge mmetụta nke itoolu, n'ikpeazụ na ọkụ na 255 V / 100. Gbanwee njupụta nnwale, dị na nha iri nke 10 nke 50 ruo 25 kA, enweghị mmebi na usoro nke mmetụta, mana mgbe ujo ahụ mechara ọnọdụ dum nke DUT ruo ogo 90, ọ pụtara ruo oke egwu nke ntọhapụ ntọhapụ. Na njupụta 10 nke 40 ruo 20 kA, na-eji 2 DUT iji nwalee, ka nọ n'ọnọdụ dị mma, mgbe nnwale jụrụ jụrụ ịmalite voltaji zuru oke, yabụ ị nwere ike ịkọ nha nha 10 mmụba bụ oke njedebe nchebe.

4.4 Nchịkọta nke nyocha

(1) Dabere na atụmatụ nke otu-pulse anya n'echebe, ya Na (8 / 20μs) njupụta ida na 10 hà njupụta usu ule.

(2) Site na nsonaazụ ule, dịka mgbatị na-eche nche nke otu njupụta nha Na (8 / 20μs) ngụkọta 0.5, enwere ike nweta site na otu 10 nha nha nha.

(3) Mmalite nke nnochi anya na-eji mgbawa mgbawa dị elu, n'okpuru otu ikike ahụ, na-adabere na otu-usu nwere ikike dị elu nke mkpokọta 10 nke ndidi

Ikike nchọpụta maka ihe mepụtara - Ngwaọrụ na - echekwa ọtụtụ (SPD)

nkịtị
Nchọpụta ahụ na-ekpughe ụdị nke ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara imebi, gụnyere ihe nchebe, ihe nchebe nke anụ ahụ na-akọwa ihe dịkarịa ala yana ihe nchekwa nchekwa nke akụrụngwa mgbali dị elu nke na-egbochi nchedo nchebe, n'etiti ha, ọkwa ọ bụla na-eme ka nrụgide dị elu dị elu. na ịmachi nchebe circuit mejupụtara opekempe varistor na ihe nchekwa ihe nchekwa na-etolite ngalaba. Ihe mepụtara ugbu a nwere ike dị mkpụmkpụ dị ugbu a na-agbaji (achọghị ọla edo), ume na oge iji kwado, nwee ike iguzogide ọkụ ọkụ ahụ, uru nke ọtụtụ mmetụta na-emetụta ma nwee ike ịgafe ule nke abụọ T2, adabara maka echichi na ụlọ, si otú a dị irè karị nchebe nke ala voltaji nkesa circuit nke eletriki na ngwá electronic.

Description
Otutu-usu anya n'echebe
Nka na ụzụ ubi

[0001] ndị mepụtara metụtara a anya n'echebe, bụ iji gbochie àmụmà nchedo akụrụngwa oru, karịsịa na-ezo aka a ụdị otutu usu anya n'echebe. Nka na ụzụ ndabere

[0002] tinyere ọganihu nke sayensị na teknụzụ, mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ teknụzụ, ụdị kọmputa dị iche iche dị elu na-abawanye ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ ozi, njem, ike eletriki, ego, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na sistemụ. Na ihe dị iche iche nke eletriki dị na sistemụ nkesa dị ala nwere ọgụgụ isi site na nzọụkwụ, nsonaazụ bụ ịhọrọ nnukwu ọnụọgụ nke nrụgide dị ala, nnukwu uche, njikọta nke ihe elektrọnik. Igwe ọkụ na-egbu ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-ebutekarị mmerụ ahụ na ihe ndị dị na kọmputa, na-eme ka obosara, ịdị omimi na ugboro ugboro na-arịwanye elu. Yabụ, iji gbochie oke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na imebi ihe ọkụ eletrik na akụrụngwa eletriki na melite nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, a na-eji ụdị nchebe dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe.

[0003] mba nke imeputa uwa nke onye na-echebe SH) ka emere ya dabere na nyocha teknụzụ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa IEC / TC61643 na mmepe na mmepụta yana site na nrụgide dị elu nke ụlọ ọkụ na-eji 10/350 /s ma ọ bụ 8 / 20μs test of single pulse ujo ife. Na IEC61643-1: 2011 na ọkọlọtọ mba nke China GB50057-2010 "koodu maka imepụta nchedo ọkụ ọkụ ụlọ, onye na-agbachitere anya nke usoro nkesa nke obere voltage na-ekewa ụzọ ụzọ nyocha atọ, ma jiri Τ1, T2 na T3, n'otu n'otu.

[0004] nke onye nchekwa a na - eme ugbua nwere ike kesaa ya na ntụgharị SPD na ịgbanye SPD, ịgbanwee SPD nwere ike iguzogide ọkụ ọkụ na nhazi nke nnukwu ikike nke mmetụta dị ugbu a, mana enwere oke ọkụ dị elu, ogologo oge mmeghachi omume, iyi SH) na nchọpụta kachasị ọhụrụ na-egosikwa na oge nzaghachi ọnọdụ mgbanwe dị oke nwayọ (ụdị nrụgide na-egbochi oge nzaghachi nke SPD acuities bụ 20 ns, oge nzaghachi nke ụdị mgbanwe SPD> 200 anyị, nkezi ezigbo ọkụ ọkụ ugbu a ogologo oge <180 anyị, 119.6 anyị), ihe kachasị nso na-eduga na ọkụ ọkụ ugbu a enweghị ike ịnwe mmetụta dị mma, na-emebi emebi ụdị ọkụ ọkụ 2 SPD na akụrụngwa na ọkwa ọkwa mbụ SPDs anaghị arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na SPD nke na - egbochi ụdị oge ngwangwa ngwa ngwa, njedebe obere volta, mana ọ nwere ike ibu mmetụta dị oke ugbu a, ma chọọ nchedo nke ya nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị site na nnukwu akuku ugbu a kamakwa na obere ike ugboro ole ugbu a site na imebi ngwa ngwa. , na imebi oge ihe na-erughị 5 sekọnd.

[0005] Ugbu a enweghị usoro teknụzụ mba ụwa iji dozie nsogbu ọrụaka ndị a, ya mere na IEC 61643-1: 2011 na ụkpụrụ 8.3.5.3 nke mbụ kwesịrị ịnabata ụzọ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị (simulated) kama ọla kọpa. Mana iji ọla kọpa kama ịgbanwee SPD ma ọ bụ na-egbochi ike SPD anaghị ekwekọ na ọnọdụ nke SPD dị mkpụmkpụ, ihe mgbawa ọkụ na-apụtakarị na arụmọrụ. Awụnyere na ụlọ ahụ, n'aka nke ọzọ, ọkwa nke abụọ nke SPD chọrọ nyocha nke abụọ dịka ndokwa nke GB50057-2010, T2, nwere 8 / 20μs waveform. Iji nwee ike ịgafe ule nke abụọ, na-abụkarị 2 SH) na-eji ngwaọrụ na-egbochi nrụgide, e mepụtara ụdị SPD (T2) nwere ikike nnukwu ikike nke 8 / 20μs dị ugbu a, mana site na 10 / 350μs ugbu a ike ugbu a bụ naanị 1/20 nke ọnụahịa ya. Dịka ụkpụrụ nke mba dị ugbu a, mba dị na ule dị mkpirikpi dị mkpa iji mee ihe ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị (atụgharịrị) kama isi ọla kọpa. Ọ bụghị naanị nke ahụ, nyocha sayensị ọzọ na omume nchedo ọkụ na-egosi na égbè eluigwe ahụ na otu usoro nyocha ọkụ ọkụ nke usoro SPD na eziokwu nke ezigbo ọrịa ọkụ ọkụ n'oge a na-eme ọtụtụ ihe, site na nnukwu nrụgide nke ụlọ nyocha maka ule nke otu mkpụrụedemede SPD na ezigbo ndidi na ọnụahịa ya mgbe a na-agba àmụmà, na-edugakarị n'ọkụ SPD ọkụ ọkụ, ihe mberede ọkụ. Guangzhou ọhịa na-agba ọkụ ọkụ na August 12, 2008, nyocha nke ọkụ ọkụ SPD, n'ezie: polarity na-adịghị mma ọ bụghị otu LEMP nwere ugboro asatọ azụ, nke kachasị elu ugbu a 26.4 kA, nke na-aga ugbu a site na SPD bụ uru kachasị na 1.64 kA , mmebi aha SPD ugbu a dị 20 kA. [Shaodong Chen, Shaojie Yang na August 12, 2011 na Brazil, dị ka nzukọ mba ụwa nke iri na anọ na akwụkwọ eletriki nke ikuku: Nweta site na Nyocha Na-enye Nghọta Ọhụrụ N'ime Ihe Nlekọta Ugbu A na Ngwaọrụ Nchebe]. imebi oge dị mkpirikpi, ike na oge iji kwado, nwere ike iguzogide uzu ujo bụ karịa SPD nsogbu mba atọ siri ike na mmepe na nrụpụta.

[0006] N'ihi ya, mmepe nke nwere ike anabataghị ihe n'ezie àmụmà usu mmetụta ike, ma na-nwere na-agbasa obere sekit ugbu a ike ugboro (adịghị mkpa a ọla kọpa ngọngọ nnọchi), na ume na oge na-erubere nke abụọ nwalee SPD (T2), nke abughi nani ihe choro ngwa ngwa na nchebe nke àmụmà n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, ọ bụkwa mmụba akụkọ ihe mere eme nke teknụzụ nchebe.

Ndị mepụtara ọdịnaya

[0007] nzube nke a mepụtara bụ iji merie adịghị ike na adịghị ike nke ẹdude teknụzụ, na-enye a otutu usu anya n'echebe, na-ebulite na-echebe nwere kpọmkwem na-agbasa obere sekit ugbu a ike ugboro (adịghị mkpa a dochie ọla kọpa), ume na oge na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ike idi ezigbo àmụmà, uru nke otutu usu mmetụta na ike ịgafe nke abụọ ule T2, emetụta arụnyere na ụlọ, si otú dị irè karị nchedo ala voltaji nkesa circuit nke eletriki na ngwá electronic.

[0008] iji mezuo ebumnuche a dị n'elu, ihe mepụtara ugbu a dịka atụmatụ ọrụ ndị a si dị:

[0009] a anya n'echebe, otutu usu n'echebe ontology, gụnyere ahụ n'echebe esịtidem waya alaka kọwara dịkarịa ala larịị na nkwado ndabere na mpaghara mmiri nke pulsed elu ugbu a ujo mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit, n'etiti ha, onye ọ bụla larịị ọzọ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo mgbatị na ịmachi nchebe sekit mejupụtara ma ọ dịkarịa ala varistor na ihe nchebe ndabere na-etolite alaka ụlọ ọrụ.

[0010] ọzọ na-echebe ahụ esịtidem alaka ụlọ ọrụ na-kọwara na multistage otutu usu ugbu a ujo nsogbu mgbachi na-egbochi echebe circuit, onye ọ bụla larịị nke otutu usu ugbu ujo mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala otu varistor na fuuz na-etolite a usu usoro alaka, otu n'ime usoro nke mbụ ngalaba varistor dc voltage maka Utl, ọkwa nke abụọ dị n'elu ngalaba nke varistor dc voltage maka Utl + Λ Un, η maka 1 ruo 9.

[0011] ọzọ kọwara na ahụ n'echebe nwekwara ntụpọ egosi ìhè circuit, mmejọ egosi ìhè sekit na-agụnye ìhè na nkịtị ndị na-eguzogide usoro alaka ụlọ ọrụ, usoro alaka alaka ke mbụ larịị nke pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu na-egbochi mgbochi circuit n'etiti varistor na fuuz usu.

[0012] akọwapụtara ọzọ na ahụ na-echebe ahụ nwekwara oghere nkwukọrịta dịpụrụ adịpụ.

[0013] ọzọ kọwara na n'echebe nke ontology efu akara alaka guzobere nwekwara ọtụtụ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit, na otutu usu elu ugbu a mmetụta mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala a varistor na a ndabere nchebe ọcha ụdị usoro usoro. [0014] onye na-eche nche anya, otutu ihe eji eme ihe na-agụnye onye nchebe nke ihe ọmụmụ, kọwaa ihe nchebe nke ahụ nwere usoro okirikiri atọ, sekit ahụ akọwapụtara na ngalaba nke ngalaba ọkụ guzobere ma ọ dịkarịa ala larịị yana nchekwa nchekwa ndabere nke nrụgide dị egwu dị ugbu a na-egbochi nchebe circuit, n'etiti ha, ọkwa ọ bụla ọzọ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu ịmachi echebe circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala a varistor na a ndabere nchebe ọcha na-etolite a usoro alaka ụlọ ọrụ.

[:0015 alaka ụlọ ọrụ, otu n'ime ngalaba nke mbụ varistor dc voltage maka Utl, ọkwa nke abụọ dị n'elu ngalaba nke varistor dc voltage maka Utl + Λ Un, η maka 1 ruo 9.

[0016] ọzọ kọwara na ahụ n'echebe nwekwara ntụpọ egosi ìhè circuit, mmejọ egosi ìhè sekit na-agụnye ìhè na nkịtị ndị na-eguzogide usoro alaka ụlọ ọrụ, usoro alaka sekit ejikọrọ ọ bụla nke mbụ larịị nke pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu na-amachi circuit circuit n'etiti mgbanwe na fusi usu.

[0017] akọwapụtara ọzọ na ahụ na-echebe ahụ nwekwara oghere nkwukọrịta dịpụrụ adịpụ.

[0018] ọzọ kọwara na n'echebe nke ontology efu akara alaka guzobere nwekwara ọtụtụ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit, na otutu usu elu ugbu a mmetụta mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala a varistor na a ndabere nchebe ọcha ụdị usoro usoro.

[0019] mepụtara ma e jiri ya tụnyere teknụzụ dị ugbu a, ọ bara uru dị ka ndị a:

[0020] 1. ihe mepụtara mepụtara ikike mkpuchi ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ, nwere ikike sekit dị mkpụmkpụ dị ugbu a na-agbaji (achọghị mkpa ọla edochi anya ọla kọpa) ikike, dozie nchekwa SPD (T2) mgbe obere sekit na-agbaji onwe ya, meziwanye nke ọma nchekwa nke SPD (T2); Nwere ezigbo ume na oge iji kwado, ha niile na-anabata nguzogide nrụgide dị ka isi ihe nke SPD (T2), na-edozi ngwakọ SPD anaghị arụkọ ọrụ na ike na oge; Na otutu usu n'okpuru mmetụta nke ike àmụ̀mà, azịza ya na otu ule usu SPD enweghị ike iburu ezi nsogbu pulse lightning shock nsogbu.

[0021] 2. ugbu a mepụtara adabara echichi na ụlọ, si otú a dị irè karị nchedo nke ala voltaji nkesa circuit nke eletriki na ngwá electronic, karịsịa mkpa ka elu uche nke overvoltage nchebe nke electronic akụrụngwa, na-ekwe nkwa nchebe na irè ọrụ nke sistemu akụrụngwa elektrọnik.

[0022] 3. Ojiji dị iche iche eji eme ihe ugbu a, ga-eme ka egbeigwe na oke ọkụ daa; N'otu oge ahụ, ugbu a mepụtara na mkpokọta mfe na ezi uche Ọdịdị, agafeghị oke na-eri, ime ihe na mmezi bụ adaba, nwere ezigbo mma akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ uru.

[0023] iji nwekwuo nghọta nke ihe mepụtara ugbu a, ndị a ga - ejikọ eserese agbakwunye na akwụkwọ a, ụzọ mmejuputa usoro nke ihe dị ugbu a.

[0024] Ọgụgụ 1 bụ mepụtara mmejuputa atụ 1 nwere mbụ otutu usu ugbu a na otu-adọ circuit mmetụta mgbatị na-egbochi nchebe circuit schematic eserese nke sekit.

[0025] ọgụgụ 2 bụ ugbu mepụtara nwere na otu-adọ circuit mmejuputa atumatu 1 larịị 3 otutu usu ugbu ujo mgbali na-egbochi nchebe circuit schematic esereese nke circuit.

[0026] ọgụgụ 3 bụ mepụtara mmejuputa ihe atụ 2 atọ-adọ circuit circuit eserese nke sekit.

[0027] ọgụgụ 4 bụ mepụtara site na iji ọnọdụ nke eserese njikọ sekit.
Ihe mmejuputa uzo
ikpe 1

[0028] Mmejuputa atumatu 1

[0029] dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ 1, ugbu mepụtara kọwara ọtụtụ uso anya n'echebe, ọ na-agụnye n'echebe nke ontology, ozu n'echebe ọkụ n'ime alaka larịị ukwuu pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu na-egbochi na-echebe circuit, na otutu usu elu ugbu a mmetụta nsogbu ịmachi nchedo nchedo nwere ihe dịkarịa ala otu varistor TMOVl ma jikọta ngalaba usoro Mbl, usoro nkwụsị nke nsogbu nke dc na-arụ ọrụ volta% .Ọzọ, nke akọwara na onye na-echekwa ahụ na-enwekwa akara ngosi ọkụ ọkụ na oghere nkwukọrịta dịpụrụ adịpụ. akara ngosi ọkụ na-agụnye ọkụ D na ngalaba R usoro nkịtị, njikọ alaka usoro na ọkwa mbụ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit nke varistor TMOVl na usu fuuz n'etiti Mbl. Edere na onye nchebe nke ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ nke ngalaba akara akara na-esetịpụ etu esiri mee ka nsogbu dị elu dị ugbu a na-egbochi nchedo nchedo, ọtụtụ nsogbu nrụgide dị ugbu a na-egbochi nchedo nchedo gụnyere ma ọ dịkarịa ala varistor na ihe nchebe ndabere na-etolite ngalaba.

[0030] dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ 2, ihe mepụtara ugbu a kọwara onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa ọkụ n'ime ngalaba ahụ nwere ọkwa ọkwa 3 ọtụtụ akuku ugbu a nsogbu ube na-amachi sekit ncheta, ọkwa ọ bụla nke ọtụtụ usu ikuku ugbua nsogbu na-amachi sekit mejupụtara mejupụtara opekata mpe otu varistor na fuuz na-etolite a usu usoro alaka, otu n'ime ndị mbụ usoro alaka varistor dc voltaji maka Utl, nsoje usoro nke abụọ nke varistor dc voltaji maka Utl + Λ U1, nke atọ usoro alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke varistor dc voltaji na Ud + AUy ọzọ Ọdịdị mode na otu ihe egosiri na onu ogugu 1.

[0031] nnwale pụta na-egosi na ugbu mepụtara nakweere site nnukwu eruba ikike ma nwere obere ike ugboro usu isi kwụsịrị usu nke ike gwakọta (MB) na metal zinc oxide varistor (MOV), dị na pụrụ iche oke akara technology ( Pụrụ iche oke akara technology bụ na-arụtụ aka na otu ngwaahịa, iji ihe karịrị otu pụrụ iche oke bụ ibu isi mmiri nke nchikota na ịchịkwa dị iche iche ngwaọrụ parameters, ọnụ iji nweta otu ma ọ bụ karịa imewe parameters) usoro nke graded agbasa technology (hierarchical agbasa teknụzụ na-ezo aka n'ihe mejupụtara SPD ngalaba ọ bụla nke ngwaọrụ nchekwa nchekwa nke sekit na obere sekit, ike ike nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-agbaji site na usoro dị ka ihe achọrọ si chọọ, mee SPD ka ọ pụọ na sekit na-enye ike, iji meziwanye nchebe nke jiri SPD, mee fuuz mgbe obere oge ike ikuku na-eme ngwa ngwa kwụpụ nwere ike ịme nkesa ike dị ala adịghị mkpa. nke ọrụ nchedo mkpirikpi nke SPD gosipụtara, nke a ghọtara na ike ugboro ole nyocha ule dị mkpirikpi achọghị mpempe ọla kọpa kama itinye ọkụ ọkụ MOV na-agbagha ugbu a; Ejiri nzaghachi dị mma ejiri ihe eji eme ihe ọkụ ọkụ ma rụọ ọrụ dịka usoro teknụzụ njikwa pụrụ iche nke teknụzụ na-adabaghị adaba (teknụzụ na-adabaghị adaba na-ezo aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngalaba nke SPD dị njọ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọ dị mkpa kesaa ngwanrọ kwekọrọ na teknụzụ), meriri SPD (T2) ngbanwe na nrụgide na-egbochi imepụta ngwakọta ngwaọrụ, ike ya na oge iji kwado ya enweghị ike izute ntụpọ nke mgbochi nke ọkụ ọkụ, mmejuputa ike na oge iji kwado; Ejiri otutu ihe ntanetị nke micro micro na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-eme SPD mgbe site na mkpali ọkụ, ngalaba ọ bụla nke MOV nwere ike ịhazi ya site na ọkụ ọkụ na-agba ọsọ ugbu a, iji ghọta ezi SPD nwere ọkụ ọkụ n'okpuru ọtụtụ ikike mmetụta.

Ikpe 2 [0032] [0033] dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ 3, ihe mepụtara ọhụụ a kọwara ọtụtụ ọpịpịa na-eme ka ihe na -emepụta ihe, gụnyere onye nchekwa nke ihe nchekwa, kọwaa usoro nchebe nke anụ ahụ nwere eriri elekere atọ, waya nke ngalaba sekit ọ bụla guzobere karịa atọ usu ugbu a ujo mgbali na-egbochi nchedo sekit, onye ọ bụla larịị nke otutu usu ugbu ujo nsogbu na ịmachi echebe circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala otu varistor na fuuz na-etolite a usu usoro alaka, otu nke mbụ usoro alaka varistor dc voltaji maka Utl, mgbali enwe mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ nke usoro nke abụọ nke dc na-arụ ọrụ voltaji U0 + Δ U1, usoro nke atọ alaka ụlọ ọrụ nrụgide na-eguzogide nke dc na-arụ ọrụ voltaji U0 + Δ U2 Δdị nhazi ọzọ na mmejuputa ihe atụ 1 isi otu.

[0034] dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ 4, mgbe ị na-eji ya, naanị tinye otutu ihe eji eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe karịrị ọkwa nke mbụ nke nsogbu a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-egbochi nchedo na eriri ntinye nke ejikọrọ na eletriki eletrik nke ikuku na-ekesa ala; Klas nke mbụ enwere ọtụtụ ihe nrụgide dị elu nke na-egbochi nchedo njegharị ikike mmepụta na nkesa nkesa dị ala nke eriri ala, nwere ike mezue nrụnye nke onye na-eche nche, dị mfe, dị mfe ma nwee nchekwa.

[0035], ihe mepụtara ugbu a abụghị n ’ụzọ mmejuputa nke usoro a ma ọ bụrụ ngbanwe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ụdị dị iche iche (dịka ọdịdị nke ụdị dị na igbe ma ọ bụ ụdị modulu ahụ; Site na okporo ụzọ n’ ụdị nke otu usoro ma ọ bụ atọ adọ ọkọnọ iche iche na-echebe mode) abụghị site na mmụọ na akporo nke ugbu a mepụtara, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị mgbanwe na iche iche ada n'ime akporo nke ugbu mepụtara azọrọ na Ẹkot technology, ugbu a mepụtara nwekwara ebumnuche gụnyere mgbanwe ndị a na ụdị.

Nkwupụta (10)

1. Onye na-agbachitere anya, ọtụtụ akụrụngwa gụnyere onye nchebe nke ontology, onye agwa ya bụ: a na-akọwasị onye na-echebe ahụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ waya ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọkwa nwere ihe nchebe nchekwa nke akụrụngwa egwu dị elu nke na-egbochi nchebe ugbu a, n'etiti ha, ọkwa nke ọ bụla na-atụ egwu dị elu ugbu a. nrụgide na-egbochi nchedo sekit mejupụtara ma ọ dịkarịa ala varistor na ihe nchekwa ihe nchekwa na-etolite alaka ụlọ ọrụ.
2. Dabere na nkwupụta 1 otutu onye na-ebugharị ihe ọkụkụ, onye agwa ya bụ: a na-akọwasị onye na-echekwa ahụ nke dị n'ime ya na multistage ọtụtụ mkpịsị ọkụ ujo ugbu a na-egbochi nchedo nchedo, ọkwa ọ bụla nke ọtụtụ akuku ọgba aghara dị ugbu a na-egbochi nchedo njegharị nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu varistor na fuuz ka etolite a usu usoro alaka, otu n'ime ndị mbụ usoro alaka varistor nke dc na-arụ ọrụ voltaji maka Utl, nke abụọ-larịị n'elu usoro varistor alaka nke dc na-arụ ọrụ voltaji U0 + Λ Un, η maka 1 ka 9.
3. Dị ka azọrọ 2 otutu usu anya n'echebe, onye agwa bụ: ahụ na-echebe nwekwara kwuru odida egosi circuit, ihe na-egosi na ìhè circuit na-agụnye ìhè na nkịtị ndị na-eguzogide usoro alaka, na usoro alaka njikọ na mbụ larịị pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu ịmachi nchebe circuit n'etiti varistor na usu nke fiusi.
4. Dabere na nkwuputa 1 otutu ihe ike na-eme ka ikuku puta, onye agwa ya bụ: a na-akọwakwa onye na-echebe ahụ ya na oghere nkwukọrịta dịpụrụ adịpụ.
5. Dabere na nkwupụta 1 otutu onye na-ebugharị ihe ọkụkụ, onye agwa ya bụ: a na-ehiwekwa akara alaka nke akara nke ihe nchebe karịa opekata mpe karịa isi ihe ọkụkụ dị elu nke na-egbochi nchedo nsogbu na-egbochi nchedo ncheta, n'etiti ha, ọkwa ọ bụla na-egbochi nrụgide dị elu ugbu a nchedo nchedo nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala varistor na ihe nchekwa ihe nchekwa na-etolite alaka ụlọ ọrụ.
6. Onye na-eche nche anya, ọtụtụ ihe na-agụnye onye nchebe nke ihe ọmụmụ, kọwaa ihe nchebe nke ahụ nwere mpaghara atọ, nke agwa ya bụ: usoro ọ bụla nke sekit ahụ akọwapụtara na ngalaba waya guzobere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọkwa na ihe nchebe nchekwa nke pulsed elu ugbu a. ujo nsogbu ịmachi echebe circuit, n'etiti ha, onye ọ bụla larịị ọzọ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu ịmachi echebe circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala a varistor na nkwado ndabere na mpaghara ọcha na-etolite a usoro alaka ụlọ ọrụ.
7. Dabere na nkwupụta 6 otutu mgbatị ọkụ, onye agwa ya bụ: akụkụ ọ bụla nke sekit ahụ akọwapụtara na ngalaba waya guzobere karịa multistage usu esemokwu ujo ugbua na-egbochi nchedo okirikiri, ọkwa ọ bụla nke otutu akuku ọgba aghara ugbu a na-egbochi nchedo sekit mejupụtara opekata mpe. otu varistor na fuuz na-etolite a usu usoro alaka, otu n'ime ndị mbụ usoro alaka varistor nke dc na-arụ ọrụ voltaji maka Utl, nke abụọ-larịị n'elu usoro varistor ngalaba nke dc na-arụ ọrụ voltaji U0 + Λ Un, η maka 1 ka 9.
8. Dị ka azọrọ 7 otutu usu anya n'echebe, onye agwa bụ: ahụ n'echebe ahụ kọwara a kpatara egosi ìhè circuit, ihe na-egosi na ìhè circuit na-agụnye ìhè na nkịtị ndị na-eguzogide usoro alaka, na usoro alaka sekit ejikọrọ ọ bụla nke mbụ larịị nke pulsed nrụgide ujo dị elu dị ugbu a na-egbochi sekit nche n'etiti varistor na fuuz usu.
9. Dabere na nkwuputa 6 otutu ihe ike na-eme ka ikuku puta, onye agwa ya bụ: a na-akọwakwa onye na-echebe ahụ ya na oghere nkwukọrịta dịpụrụ adịpụ.

Ihe karịrị 10. Dị ka na-ekwu na isii usu anya n'echebe, onye agwa bụ: na-efu akara alaka nke n'echebe ontology na-melite dịkarịa ala karịa isi pulsed elu ugbu a ujo mgbali na-egbochi mgbochi circuit, n'etiti ha, ọkwa ọ bụla ọzọ pulsed elu ugbu a ujo nsogbu amachi echebe circuit mejupụtara dịkarịa ala a varistor na a ndabere nchebe ọcha na-etolite a usoro alaka ụlọ ọrụ.