Overvoltage Nchedo nke Low voltaji Systems

Akwụkwọ 'Nnukwu Nchedo Usoro Ntanetị Ala' Nke Dọkịta Maazị Peter Hasse

Echetara m akwụkwọ 'overvoltage Protection of Low Voltage Systems' Nke Peter Hasse nyere m ihe ọmụma gbara ọkpụrụkpụ mgbe m bụ nwa okorobịa nke sonyere n'ọhịa nchebe na December 2006.

Dr. Peter Hasse, 'Maazị. 10/350 'Nna nna nke 10/350 waveform.
Na ụwa nke nchedo ọkụ, Peter Hasse bụ akụkọ akụkọ ndụ.

Amụrụ na 1940, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ injinia na ike na Berlin Technical University, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1965. Ọ rụziri ọrụ dịka onye enyemaka nyocha na mpaghara Adolf Attias Institute for High Voltage Engineering rue mgbe ọ natara doctorate ebe ahụ na 1972. Ọnwa ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị ọ sonyere ngalaba R&D nke DEHN + Sohne. N'ebe ahụ ka ọ nyere aka n'ịzụlite oghere ikuku na-emenyụ ọkụ nke nnukwu ikike na echiche ọhụrụ iji gosi na ojiji ya na nchedo ọkụ. A na-akpọ nke a n'oge "ọhụụ" 10/350 waveform. Na 1981, Dr. Hasse ghọrọ onye isi njikwa Dehn wee bụrụ nke a rue oge ezumike nka ya na 2004. Kemgbe afọ 2002 ọ nọ na Board of Directors of a German German laabu: GHMT AG Bexbach.

N’oge na-adịghị anya ka ọ lara ezumike nká na Dehn, Dr. Hasse nwetara nzere a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke Federal Republic of Germany.

Na emume nrite 2005, Hasse toro ebube maka ịgbanye Dehn + Sohne (obere ụlọ ọrụ ezinụlọ nwere n'ichepụta ọkụ) ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ mba ụwa n'ahịa nchebe àmụmà. N'otu oge ahụ a toro ya maka “oke ọrụ” ọ rụrụ na-emetụta ndị otu na-eme ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ mba na mba ndị metụtara nchebe àmụmà.

E tooghị otuto ahụ. Ihe ndekọ ọ bụla banyere ihe ndị Hasse rụzuru nwere otu akara ahụ: “Ọ rụọla oke ọrụ na ngalaba na-eme ụkpụrụ mba na mba na mpaghara nchekwa ọkụ.” Kpọmkwem etu “dị ịrịba ama” siri sie ike ikpebi n'ihi na rue ugbu a, edebeghị oke ọrụ ya n'agba egwuregwu a.

Ruo ihe karịrị afọ 20, ka ọ na-agba Dehn, Hasse na-akwalite echiche na ngwaọrụ ọhụụ na ndị edemede ederede wee deba ha n'ụkpụrụ maka iji iwu eme ihe. Na 1975, ọ ghọrọ onye otu ntọala nke VDE (German ọkọlọtọ nzukọ) Kọmitii na Nchedo Lightning (ABB) ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ na-arụ ya (dị ka Prọfesọ Dr. Kawamura, Onye isi oche Japan nke IEIE) Na 1977 Hasse sonye na DKE ( Onye nnọchi anya Germany na IEC na CENELEC) na-enye ya mmiri ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye ọnụ na-ekwuchitere German na IEC / SC37A "Ngwaọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ" na IEC / TC81 "Nchedo Ọkụ" (nke o sonyere na mbido ya.)

Gagharịa na peeji nke Hasse na-eso (enwere ike ịnweta site na njikọ ndị dị n'okpuru) ị ga-ahụ na ọ bụghị Thor ma ọ bụ chi ọ bụla nke àmụmà nyere ndụ na 10/350 waveform. Ma ọ bụghị CIGRE ma ọ bụ ọbụna onye Switzerland a ma ama na-eme nchọpụta, Dr. Karl Berger.

Bulie ihe mkpuchi ahụ ma mmadụ chọta ezigbo isi mmalite nke 10/350 iji bụrụ onye ọzọ karịa Dr. Peter Hasse nke anyị.

NKE 10/350 Chart - Amụrụ nke 10/350 waveform

Dr. Hasse wepụtara echiche ya "10/350" grandiloquent "46/1987" na peeji nke XNUMX nke mbipụta German mbụ nke akwụkwọ ya bụ "overvoltage Protection of Low voltaji sistemụ: n'iji ngwa elektrọnik agbanyeghị ihu ọkụ ọkụ" Überspannungsschutz von Niederspannungsanlagen - Einsatz elektronischer Geräte auch bei direkten Blitzeinschlägen ”, (Verlag TOV Rheinland GmbH, Koblenz,) bipụtara na XNUMX. E gosipụtara eserese n'okpuru.

Nyefee òké gị na chaatị dị n'elu iji rụọ ọrụ njikọ na-enye nkọwa nke akụkụ ndị dị mkpa. Anya izizi na-egosi ya atụmatụ 5 nke IEC 62305's 10/350 parameters (pụta ìhè). Anya nke abụọ na-egosi Hasse na-ekwu na ihe ndị a bụ ọkọlọtọ German "VG 96901." Nlele nke DIN (ụlọ ọrụ German Standards Institute) gosipụtara na VG96901 abụghị ezigbo ọkwa. Ọ bụ “ụkpụrụ” na-enweghị ikike ma ọ bụ ihe kacha mkpa.

Mana nke ahụ bụ obere mbubata ebe Hasse na-ekwu na ederede na-ewebata eserese a na ya n'onwe ya kere ya. Ma, n’ezie, naanị nkọwapụta (egosiri na ala eserese dị ka / 42 /) na-ezo aka na “ntụzịaka” nke Hasse dere na 1982.

Edere ederede sara mbara na-ekwupụta (ikekwe maka oge mbụ) na eserese a na-anọchite anya akụkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, na achọrọ ka ndị na-echekwa ihe dị iche iche "na-enweghị iche" iji chebe ọkụ eletrik na ọkachasị usoro teknụzụ ozi kọmputa. (peeji nke 46-47)

Naanị ọnwa ole na ole e bipụtachara akwụkwọ ya Dr. Hasse wetara Chart 10/350 ya na nzukọ IEC TC 81 na Japan (June 1988) iji nye usoro nkuzi ya maka “ezi igwe ọkụ nke ọkụ ọgbụgba.” N'ebe a, indoctrination gụnyere ntinye sitere na eserese Hasse 10/350 (200kA, 100 C, 10 MJ kwa ohm) gbakwunyere ọtụtụ foto nke ndị jidere ọdịiche Dehn. Nke a bụ slide nke Hasse 10/350 Chart ewepụtara na ngosi ahụ. Ga - ahụ na ọ ji nganga kwupụta onwe ya (yana akwụkwọ 1987 ya) dị ka isi mmalite eserese ahụ.

N'oge ahụ Hasse amalitebeghị ibido ibu ọrụ maka 10/350 waveform n'ọnụ ụzọ Berger & CIGRE. Nke ahụ ga-abịa ma emechaa.

Akwụkwọ 1987 ya (ebe eserese pụtara na mbụ) nwere ntụaka 83 na amaokwu mana enweghị aha banyere Berger ma ọ bụ CIGRE.

Nke ahụ bụ n'ihi na, dị ka e gosiri na n'elu data, na 10/350 waveform si Dr. Peter Hasse.

IEC 62305 IHE ỌHIGHTR PR ZBỌR (ONEM (IEC (ngwá ọrụ sayensị dị irè ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ọha na eze?)
LPZ - Mpaghara Nchedo Lightning: Kedu ihe ọ bụ?

Mpaghara Nchedo Lightning (ma ọ bụ LPZs) dị n'etiti usoro IEC 62305 maka nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ. Echiche bụ ịkwụsị oke ọkụ ọkụ na-ebute ugbu a na ọkụ eletrik na-abanye n'usoro site na ịkekọrịta usoro ahụ na mpaghara nke ihe egwu (dị n'etiti ibe ha.) Site n'iji nlezianya jiri usoro nchebe na SPDs pụta nke ọkụ ọkụ na-eti mpaghara mpụga. a ga-ebutu ya tupu ha eruo mpaghara dị n'ime. Ma ọ dịkarịa ala nke ahụ bụ echiche ahụ. Dabere na IEC 62305-4 (Sect. 4.1) echiche LPZ a bụ ntọala nke nchebe ọ bụla.

Kedu otu IEC 62305 Lighting Mpaghara si eche echiche?

Ebumnuche LPZ nke IEC akpọrọla nke ọma kemgbe afọ iri abụọ. Ma mgbe Rakov na Uman nyochachara, ha enweghị ike ịchọta otu nyocha nwere ihe ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi na ọ dị irè ("Lightning, Physics and Effects, Cambridge University Press" peeji nke 20). Nchọgharị ọzọ na 591 ghọkwara ihe efu. O doro anya na ọ dịghị ọmụmụ ọ bụla enyela nkwado nke arụ ọrụ nke usoro LECZ IEC 2013.

Na ihu ya, usoro LPZ dị ka ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya iji nweta nchedo oke. Ya mere, gịnị kpatara, n'ime afọ 20, enweghi ọmụmụ ihe na-edepụta ihe ịga nke ọma ya? Ajụjụ ahụ dugara n'ụzọ miri emi karị n'otú e si malite na otú e si jiri ya mee ihe.

EF Vance: Onye Okike nke Mpaghara Mpaghara Nchedo Lightning

Echiche onye LPZ mbụ bụ onye America, EF Vance, nke ụlọ ọrụ Stanford Research Institute na Menlo Park, California. Vance webatara ya n’afọ 1977 n’akwụkwọ nke akpọrọ “Shielding and Grounding Topology for Interference Control.” N’aka ekpe bụ eserese sitere na mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosi mpaghara egwu Vance. Site na "ịtọba" mpụta ọta ọ bụla na ọta dị n'akụkụ ya, Vance chọrọ ịchịkwa nsonaazụ nke oke mpụga na-abanye n'ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ chọpụtakwara na ọ dị mkpa igbochi surges na ike na usoro data na-abanye na usoro ahụ.

Mpaghara 0 bụ moniker Vance nyere na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'okpuru ọkụ ọgbụgba. Mpaghara 1 & 2 o kenyere na mpaghara ndị dị n'ime ihe owuwu ahụ.

Vance LPZ sistemụ Dr. Peter Hasse họpụtara

 Dr. Hasse kwadoro echiche Vance ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ ọ kpọrọ: "EMC-Lightning Protection Zone Concept" (nke Peter Hasse & Johannes Wiesinger dere ma bipụtara ya Pflaum Verlag na 1993.)

Na aka nri ị nwere ike ịhụ eserese Lance nke Vance ka ọ na-egosi, agbanweghi agbanwe (belụsọ mgbakwunye mgbakwunye ntụgharị asụsụ German) na p. 52 nke akwụkwọ Hasse. A nọgidere na-arụpụta usoro mbụ nke Vance na mmegharị Hasse: Mpaghara Zero gara n'ihu na-anọchite anya mpaghara na-abụghị usoro ahụ; Mpaghara 1 & 2, mpaghara ndị dị n'ime ihe a.

O di nwute na Dr. Hasse jiri usoro LPZ weghachite echiche ya 10/350 waveform site na ime ka echiche a bu na ihe obula nke ochicho na Mpaghara Zero kwesiri inwe ihe ngosi 10/350. Pịa ebe a ka ị hụ ka akwụkwọ Hasse si 1993 LPZ gbanye 10/350 waveform n'ime echiche LPZ.

N'ime nke a, o mebiri ihe ịga nke ọma nke nwere ike bụrụ ụzọ dị mfe maka nchebe ọkụ. Nsogbu ndị usoro 10/350 mere ka usoro LPZ gụnyere ntụpọ nke oghere ọkụ, gbakwunyere quagmire nke "SPD coordination" nke abụọ a na-arụ ọrụ na ebe ọzọ na weebụ a.

Enwere ike ịchọta akaụntụ nke ụfọdụ mmebi kpatara na akụrụngwa na nrụnye "echedoro" dịka usoro 10/350-LPZ a ọzọ na weebụ a.

LPZ Mbugharị - Site na akwụkwọ Hasse na IEC mkpuchi nchedo ọkụ

Ka ọ na-erule oge e bipụtara akwụkwọ LPZ ya na 1993, Dr. Hasse bụ ezigbo ọnụnọ na kọmitii nchedo ọkụ IEC, TC 81. O were ya ihe na-erughị afọ abụọ site na mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ iji nweta echiche LPZ ya n'ozuzu ya. banye n'ụkpụrụ IEC 61312-1.

Na aka ekpe bụ eserese LPZ site na IEC 61312-1. Emere 10/350 na-efegharị efegharị bụ akụkụ dị mkpa na ya. Pịa ebe a ka ị hụ ihe ọkụ ọkụ Hasse 10/350 dị ka ha pụtara na ụkpụrụ 61312-1.

Enwere ike ịhụ, na n'otu ọkụ ọkụ, Dr. Hasse nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwebata 10/350 waveform ya na echiche LPZ ya banye na ọkwa IEC nke mba ụwa.

Nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ ịkwaga ha n'ụkpụrụ IEC 62305. A pụrụ ịchọta akụkọ banyere otú o si jisie ike ebe a.

Na ichikota, Dr. Peter Hasse abughi na ekwuputara na amuputara umuaka 10/350, kamakwa imepụta usoro LPZ bu ihe eji eme ugbua na nchedo oku nke IEC.

LPZ N'iji kwa ụbọchị: iwelata ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ịsọ asọmpi?

Ihe ngosi LPZ kachasị na-adịbeghị anya site na IEC 62305 gosipụtara na nri. Ebumnuche ya bụ ka ọ ghara igbochi mmetụta nke àmụmà na-abata. Mana ụfọdụ kwenyere na ọrụ nke usoro IEC LPZ nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na ịkọwapụta nke usoro nhazi na mmụba dị elu ka a ga-ewere dị ka "ihe kwesịrị ekwesị" ma si otú a na-achịkwa ojiji ha. Ọmụmaatụ, IEC 62305 na-ekwusi ike na a ga-eji ọkụ ọkụ mara 10/350 wee gosipụta àmụmà, yabụ naanị ọkụ ọkụ "ndị na-ejide ọkụ" nwere ike iji mee ihe na Mpaghara Zero. A machibidoro ụdị SPD ndị ọzọ iwu.

Enwere nsogbu atọ dị mkpa na usoro a. Abụọ ndị mbụ bụ teknụzụ ma edepụtara ha na webụsaịtị a, ya bụ: 1) na 10/350 waveform anaghị anọchite anya àmụmà n'ezie, na 2) ihe na-egbukepụ ọkụ "ndị na-ejide ọkụ" nwere ọtụtụ ntụpọ.

Nsogbu nke atọ nwere ike ịbụ nke iwu. Wayzọ etinyere usoro LPZ n'ụkpụrụ nwere ike ịbụ imebi Iwu Mpaghara European Union. (Lee Ajụjụ Ajụjụ.)

obi ike

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla na-ewere nke a "n'onwe ya" biko nabata eziokwu ahụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a abụghị ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla, ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ kọmitii ọ bụla. Ihe ya nile bu ime ka onodu nke ncheta oku. N’agbanyeghi na o choro obi ike iji bilie ọtọ ma kwuo okwu, ọ chọkwara ụdị obi ike ahụ ịnọdụ ala wee gee ntị.

AKW HASKWỌ 10/350 CAMPAIGN - Osimiri nke akwụkwọ, isiokwu, na ihe ngosi: 10km wide / 350km long

N'ime oge 80s na 90s (dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Dehn si kwuo) Hasse, onye ọrụ ya J. Wiesinger, na ndị ọrụ Dehn ndị ọzọ na ndị nkuzi ya dere ma ọ bụ sonye na ọtụtụ narị akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ, ngosi na nzukọ mba ụwa, ihe ngosi, na nzukọ ọmụmụ. Otu “ihe ochie” mere atụmatụ na e mefuru ihe karịrị nde dollar iri maka mkpọsa a. Ozi nke pụtara n ’ọtụtụ n’ime okwu na ihe ngosi ndị a kwughachiri akwụkwọ Hasse nke 1987:“ Lightning 10/350 na-anọchi anya ọkụ ọkụ kpọmkwem; ọ bụ naanị ọkụ ọkụ ga-echebe ndị nwere ike ịgafe ule 10/350 ka a ga-eji mee ihe iji chebe ọkụ ọkụ.

Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta akụkụ ebe a.

Hasse kwalitere Chart 10/350 ya na TC-81 na 1988 “History of Lightning Protection” n'ihu ya na IEC TC-81 Memorial Meeting na Japan. Chaatị ahụ pụtara na mbipụta ndị ọzọ nke akwụkwọ 1987 ya. Enwere ike ịchọta ya na isiokwu ndị dị ka "Neues aus der Blitzschutztechnik," etz, Vol. 108, p. 612-618, bipụtara kwa na 1987 na EMV-Blitz-Schutzzonen-Konzept, ha na J. Wiesinger dekọtara ma VDE Verlag bipụtara ya na 1994. Edere ya na akwụkwọ Hasse nke 1998 "Nchekwa oke ọkụ nke usoro ọkụ dị ala. ”Ye mme nsiondi esie ke ukperedem.

Ihe nha anya

 Na 1999, Dr. Hasse gakwuuru Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Nchedo Ngwaọrụ nke IEEE wee rịọ, dị ka onye nnọchi anya ama ama nke TC 81, ka a kpọọ ya na nzukọ IEEE's SPD nke oge opupu ihe ubi 2000 maka ebumnuche nke inye “ngosipụta, mkpa na ndaba nke usoro 10/350. ” Na Septemba 29, 1999 Kọmitii SPD nakweere onyinye ya, na May na-esote nzukọ ahụ nwere na St. Petersberg, Florida. Dr. Hasse gosipụtara na-enwe olileanya igosi ndị bịara IEEE mkpa ọ dị iji 10/350 na-efegharị efegharị iji mepụtaghari mbụ mgbawa. Mgbe ọ na-agafe, ọ kpọtụrụ ihe 10: 1 maka ihe ngbanwe maka ntụgharị 10/350 na 8/20, mana itinye obere nrụgide na ya. Hasse enwetaghị ihe ịga nke ọma na nzukọ ahụ ma n'afọ na-esote zitere Dehn VP (Richard Chadwick) ka ọ gbalịa ọzọ. Na-ekwusara otu ozi ahụ, na-eji chaatị ndị yiri ya na otu ihe a na-ekwu banyere akụkụ nke àmụmà dị mma, ihe ngosi a mere ka ihe na-arịwanye elu pụta ìhè: "Ọ nwere ike ọ nweghị ihe nha nke ejiri Spark Gaps na MOV SPD?"

Dịka aro mbụ Chadwick tụfuru bụ ihe dị ka “30.” Nke a pụtara maka MOV SPD nwalere ihe ngosi 8/20 ka a tụlee ya n'otu klaasị dị ka Spark Gap nwalere na 25kA 10/350 μs impulse, a ga-enyocha MOV SPD na 750kA. Dr. Chadwick ghọtara nke ọma na nke ahụ abụghị eziokwu, na ngwụcha nke okwu ya, o kwubiri na "agaghị eji ihe mmụba ụwa niile mee ihe" mana na ọ bụ naanị ndị na - eche iche ọdịiche kwesịrị ekwesị maka ntinye na ọnụ ụzọ ọrụ.

N'ụzọ dị oke egwu, n'agbanyeghị ozi nke Chadwick, ọ malitere ụfọdụ ndị IEEE na-eche na usoro a nwere ike ịbụ ụzọ iji nweta mmekọrịta na IEC n'okwu a. Dika onu ogugu di iche iche batara gburugburu ma mechaa "10" ndi nkwekorita nke IEEE nakweere.

Hasse guzosiri ike. Ihe ngosi Chadwick mechara n'otu afọ ahụ mesiri ike ịba ụba nke 25. Lee na slide ebe a.

Okwu a niile nke "nha nha anya" kpaliri Francois Martzloff, nke kọmitii IEEE SPD, kenye ọrụ nyocha iji chọpụta ma enwere ike nweta "nkwenye sitere na nnabata 'mmezi' nke usoro mgbanwe abụọ" "site na otu ihe mmụba dị mfe." Checktụle mgbakọ na mwepụ na ichebara ihe ndị dị na ya echiche mere ka mgbalị ahụ “bụrụ ihe ezi uche na-adịghị na ya.” I nwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ niile ebe a. Ka ọ na-erule 2006, okwu ọ bụla dị mkpa banyere ihe ndị mere ka ọ dị larịị agwụla. Akwadoro nke a na IEEE Std C62.62 (2010) ebe anaghị anabata 10/350 waveform.

Na edemede Hasse na ihe ngosi ya, mmadụ nwere ike iche n'echiche mgba nke agbamume ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha: N'aka nke ọzọ, ezigbo mkpali ya itinye aka n'okwu ndị metụtara teknụzụ yana na nke ọzọ, mmanye nke azụmahịa na-akwalite ngwaahịa ya. Mmadu aghaghi inyere aka ikwu na na ihe omuma ya na akwukwo ya na o gha enwe ike izere igosi ihe osise nke ndi Dehn sparking na itu onu banyere uzo ha si chebe "agha."

Enwere ike ịhụ nke a dị ka iji ojiji nke iwu nke ọkọnọ na mkpa: Hasse nwere ọkọnọ nke ngwaọrụ ọdịiche. Nanị ihe dị mkpa bụ ka ndị IEC weta “mkpa” a. Dị ka atụmatụ azụmahịa, ọ mara mma.

DR. HASSE, TC81 & IEC 62305 SERIES - ịtọrọ ihe na ọkọlọtọ
10/350 Milestones na Zenith: Usoro nchedo ọkụ ọkụ IEC 62305

Na 1993 ntọhapụ nke IEC 61024-1-1 gosipụtara nnukwu ọganihu n'ihu na mba ụwa maka Hasse10 / 350 waveform. E buliri akụkụ ọkụ ya maka mkpali ugbu a, ụgwọ, na ike pụrụ iche na eserese Hasse. Mana ọ bụ na 1995 ka Hasse mechara hụ ịrụsi ọrụ ike ya rụpụtara mgbe TC 81 wepụtara aha IEC 61312-1, na-akwado iwu ma na-enye ikike maka Hasse10 / 350 waveform. Site mgbe ahụ gawa, mmadụ niile ga-amata na naanị ọkụ 10/350 nwere ike ịkọwa ọkụ. Oge mmemme ahụ na Neumarkt n'abalị ahụ ga-abụrịrị obi ụtọ.

Ihe omuma nke abuo bu inweta 10/350 nke etinyere n’ime IEC 61643-1.

Mana zenith ya bụ ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya ụbọchị etinyere Hasse 10/350 waveform (n'ozuzu ya) n'ime usoro nchekwa ọkụ IEC 62305. Ma enwere akụkọ na-adọrọ mmasị metụtara ya.

Kedu ihe doro anya na Hasse kachasị achọsi ike na aghụghọ dị ukwuu na ibugharị 10/350 waveform ka Ernst Landers kọwara nke ọma na IEC Document 81/195 / INF edepụtara na 2002.07.05 akpọrọ TC 81 WG 3 Convenor's Report? Ernst U. Landers, site na mgbe ahụ onye Hasse rụkọrọ ọrụ ogologo oge, bụ ezigbo TC81 WG3 Convenor na 2002. Mana Dr. Hasse nọkwa na nzukọ TC81 a na-atụle (na Firenze, Italy October 17, 2001) ma na-eche na ọrụ nke "Deputizing Convener." Anyị amaghị kpọmkwem ihe “onye nnọchi anya nnọchite anya” bụ, mana akwụkwọ ahụ mere ka o doo anya na Hasse bụ onye na-eduzi nzukọ ahụ nke na-ekwu maka isiokwu etu esi etinye “SPD chọrọ” yana “Ntuziaka Ngwa” site na IEC 61312-1 n'ime usoro IEC 62305 na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu. Nke a ga-, ipso facto, gụnyere ma Hasse 10/350 chart parameters & LPZ echiche.

N'okpuru nkuzi nke Hasse, TC 81 WG3 ekpebielarị itinye ọnụ ọgụgụ data IEC 61312-1 Hasse n'ụzọ zuru oke na 62305. Na-ehota ebe a site na mkparịta ụka nke onye na-akpọkọta ihe, n'ihi na a tụlerịrịrịrịrịrịrị ọdịnaya nke 61312-1 na WG3, otu A na-enyefe onye nhazi, iji tinyekọta usoro ise a (nke IEC 61312-1) n'ime akwụkwọ IEC 62305 draft ”A nabatara onyinye ya n'egbughị oge. Anyị ga-ekwenye na nke a bụ ezigbo ihu site n'echiche Dr. Hasse-inweta Hasse 10/350 waveform na echiche LPZ edere n'ime usoro 62305 ọhụrụ ahụ edeghị edezi dị oke mkpa ọrụ a ga-ahapụrụ ndị isi nke “kọmitii mee ihe. ” Dị ka akụkọ ahụ si kwuo, "arụ ọrụ mmezi" agwụla ma zigara ndị niile WG 3 akwụkwọ a rụpụtara wee nye ha ọnwa 1 ka ha zaghachi. Mgbe, mgbe otu ọnwa gasịrị, ọ dịghị onye n'ime ha zara, onye na-akpọkọta aha ya, Dr. Landers, n'ụzọ nkịtị, kwupụtara na "nkwenye" ​​enwetara ma zigara Dr. Lo Piparo (odeakwụkwọ nke TC 81) akwụkwọ ahụ. a ọhụrụ Work Item amaghị. Nke a mere ka ọ banye n'ụzọ zuru oke wee bụrụ ọkwa zuru oke.

Ewebata IEC 62305 na ụwa

Ogologo oge tupu ọkọlọtọ 62305 agwụla, Hasse jiri aka ya webata ma nweta nnabata maka ya. Ọ bụ onye mbụ wetara ya na ntị ụwa ya na akwụkwọ ya bụ "New Standards for Protection Against Lightning – New Series 62305" nke e gosipụtara na VII SIPDA na Curitiba, Brazil na 2003.

Gbasa echiche ya na ịnakwere ha bụ ọrụ Hasse ji kpọrọ ihe. Na 1994 na Nzukọ Mba Nile nke 22 na Nchedo Lightning na Budapest isiokwu ya bụ "forkpụrụ maka Coordination Advanced nke Ngwaọrụ Nchekwa na Low Voltage Systems" maka oge izizi ejiri mkpụrụokwu catchphrase: "ihe iyi egwu mbụ sitere na àmụmà bụ 10/350 waveform." Ekwenyesiri ike iji dọta uche, nke a mechara tinye ya na usoro 62305. Edere isiokwu ya "Akpụrụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu maka nhazi nke ndị njide na sistemụ ọkụ dị ala" (etz. Magazin Nke 1, p. 20-23, 1995) dabara nke ọma aha. Ọhụụ Dr. Hasse nwere nyere ya ohere ịkọwa IEC 62305 nke 10/350 ọkụ ọkụ karịa afọ 10 tupu eziokwu ahụ.

IHE 10/350 CAMPAIGN na-aga n'ihu - na ntụgharị ọhụrụ
Mgbasa ozi na-aga n'ihu - ya na New Twist

Dr. Hasse onwe onye mkpọsa 10/350 doro anya na ọ bụghị nnọọ. N'afọ 2010 o dere Isi nke asaa nke akwụkwọ akpọrọ "Lightning" nke Institute of Engineering and Technology, London, UK bipụtara. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Hasse, ihe ngosi 7/10 na-akụ otu ugboro: “Na oke nke LPZ 350… SPDs ga-eji, bụ ndị nwere ike iwepụta oke elekere elekere… site na ebili mmiri, megharịa 0 / 10μs. ” Dị ka ọ na-adị na mbụ, ọ gụnyere ọtụtụ foto nke ndị na-agbachitere ọdịiche.

Ma na nke ugbu a, ọ gafere nzọụkwụ ọzọ. Ọ "ghọtara" ikike nke onye na-eche nche nke MOV iji guzo n'ọnọdụ nke ọkụ ọkụ "ma ọ bụrụ na ọkwa a kapịrị ọnụ ugbu a 8 / 20μs dịkarịa ala 25 ugboro akọwapụtara 10/350 akọwapụtara ugbu a." Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka MOV SPD gafere ule akọwapụtara maka 25kA 10 / 350μs, a ga-etinye ya na mkpali nke ugbu a nke "opekata mpe" 625kA 8 / 20μs. Onwere onye nwere echiche obula ebe Dr. Hasse biara na ihe a?

Ihe ihe nha anya nke ndi ochichi emeela ka 10 gaa 30 rue efu. E mesịa, ọ ruru 25 ma ugbu a ruo “ma ọ dịkarịa ala 25.” (lee peeji nke mbụ n'usoro isiokwu a.) Anyị chere na ị nwere ike ịsị na Dr. Hasse na-akwado ihe ndapụta tupu na mgbe ọ megidere ya… Ọbụna mepụtara eserese ọhụụ ọhụrụ maka itinye ya na akwụkwọ 2010. Ga-ahụ ya ebe a n’aka nri. Onye ma, ọ bụrụ na mmadụ emeghị ihe ọsịsọ, o yikarịrị ka oge ọzọ ị ga-ahụ ya ga-abụ n ’ọzọ edemede nke IEC 62305 Series.

Ndị Mgbasa Ozi Na-aga n'ihu

Mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ Dehn na Sohne nke afọ 30 iji kwalite 10/350 waveform na-aga n'ihu taa. Nkwupụta na-esonụ sitere na weebụsaịtị Dehn na August 2013 jụrụ echiche ọ bụla banyere ihe nha nha. Ọ na-ekwu, sị: "DEHN kwenyere na ọ dị mkpa iji nwalee 10/350 μs waveform naanị testing nwale ya na 10/350 waves waveform bụ onye nnọchi anya arụmọrụ maka nchekwa maka mgba ọkụ ọ bụla."

obi ike

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla na-ewere nke a "n'onwe ya" biko nabata eziokwu ahụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a abụghị ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla. Ihe ya nile bu ime ka onodu nke ncheta oku di nma. N’agbanyeghi na o choro obi ike iji bilie ọtọ ma kwuo okwu, ọ chọkwara ụdị obi ike ahụ ịnọdụ ala wee gee ntị.

AKW WAKWỌ 10/350 - akụkọ ndị ọzọ
Enwere ihe karịa 10/350 karịa 10 na 350

Na “Hasse 10/350 waveform Chart” egosiri n’ebe ozo igha achoputa uzo abuo nke ntinye aka 10/350 nke puru iche na pink: T1 = 10μs na T2 = 350μs. Mana "10/350 waveform" bụ ihe na-abụghị eziokwu. Legharịa anya na Chart nke Hasse ma ị ga - ahụ na ọ gụnyere mpaghara atọ ọzọ (nke gosipụtara na edo edo): Peak current = 200 kA; Nchaji (Q) = coulombs 100; na W / R = 10MJ / Ω.

Ruo ihe karịrị afọ 30, “10/350 waveform” bụ mgbe niile ngwungwu ngwugwu. Ọ na-etinye ihe ntinye 5 ahụ oge niile. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ugbu a (kA) bụ okpukpu abụọ nke uru nke ụgwọ (coulombs). N'ihi gịnị? Eleghi anya n'ihi na a choro ihe ise niile a na - eme iji kpochie ojiji nke ndi na - eche nche? Onye na-agụ ya nwere ike ikpebi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, akụkọ CIGRE 5 na-eme ka a ghara ịtụkwasị obi na akụkụ ndị a ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta ọ bụla dị otú a n'etiti etiti.

N’okpuru ị nwere tebụl sitere na IEC International Lightning Standard (IEC 62305-1) kachasị nso. Nke a bụ ntọala nke etinyere usoro nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ IEC niile. Onwere ihe odi ka ogha? (Nyefee gị òké na ya iji hụ ebe isi igodo si.)

Eyen erọn̄ ye wolf.

Akwụkwọ CIGRE nke 2013 nke Ntanetị Ntanetị 549 emeela ka o doo anya na CIGRE enweghịzi ike ịta ụta maka akara ngosi dị na eserese a dị n'elu, gụnyere 10/350 waveform n'onwe ya. Ì chetara akụkọ ifo nke anụ ọhịa wolf na nke anụ ọhịa wolf? N'okpuru ajị anụ nke ụkpụrụ IEC 62305 nke IEC XNUMX, ị ga-ahụ naanị akpụkpọ na mbọ nke Dr. Peter Hasse.

Oge eruola ka ndị ọrụ nchekwa mba ụwa na-eche ihu n'eziokwu ahụ ma hichapụ iji iwu ndị ahụ eme ihe.

Esemokwu nke Mmasị na Akaụntụ

Anyị anaghị ebo ebubo na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Anyị ekwesịghị. Anyị na-ekwupụta ihe merenụ. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị njọ, ọ ga-anọrịrị ịgbaghara site na ụkpụrụ iwu dị mkpa. Ọ bụ ọdịnihu dị mkpa, ọ bụghị oge gara aga.

Esemokwu mmasị

O siri ike ịghara ịkọ nkọ banyere nsogbu esemokwu metụtara ọnọdụ a. Ọ dị mma maka Onye Isi Nchịkwa nke ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa dịka Dehn na Sohne, na-echepụta ngwaọrụ n'ehihie, n'abalị, na-ewere mmetụta dị ukwuu na kọmitii ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na ha ga-ekwupụta iji iwu eji ngwaọrụ ndị ahụ.

Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị na United States na-eji Mmemme Omume eme ihe na-enweghị isi na omume dị otú ahụ: “Iwu nke Kọmitii Kọmitii nke United States chọrọ ka ndị otu niile zere esemokwu ọdịmma ma ọ bụ nke yiri ka ọ bụ. Esemokwu n'ezie bụ mmasị onwe onye nke nwere ike ime ka onye nyocha nke onwe ya kwubie na onye na-eduzi azụmahịa nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mba na United States enweghị ike ịme mkpebi na-enweghị isi, inye ndụmọdụ na-enweghị isi, jiri aka ya mee mkpebi onwe ya, ma ọ bụ bụrụ ebumnuche gbasara nsonaazụ teknụzụ. . Esemokwu a na-ahụ anya na-adị mgbe ọdịmma onwe onye nwere ike ime ka otu onye na-eme nchọpụta n'onwe ya jụọ ma onye na-azụ ahịa na nnọchite Kọmitii Mba US ọ nwere ike ịme ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi. ”

Ọ bụ ezie na ịmara na kọmitii ụkpụrụ ga-adaberekarị na nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa iji rụ ọrụ ha, ọ ga-adị ka ụdị nlekọta ma ọ bụ ọrụ nche na-efu n'okwu a.

Mmezi

Ọ bụrụ n’ịgụtụgoro ụkpụrụ IEC ị ga - ahụ ozugbo omume nke nwere ike ịkwado naanị ịkwalite enweghị ọrụ yana enweghị ịza ajụjụ maka ndị edemede ụkpụrụ. Anyị na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụkpụrụ IEC anaghị egosi ndị dere ya.

Onye ọ bụla nke na-ede ọkọlọtọ, aha ha ka mma na ya ka ha wee nwee ike ịza ajụjụ ma ọ bụrụ na nsogbu agbanye ebe ọzọ n'okporo ụzọ. Ma ọ bụghị naanị aha. A ga-agbakwunye nke ahụ onye mmekọ ahụ na onye na-akwụ ya ụgwọ ịga nzukọ. Njikọ ọ bụla ezoro ezo kwesịrị ime ka onye edemede ọkọlọtọ nwee ike ịdaba na obodo na / ma ọ bụ ikpe ikpe mpụ.