I-BS EN IEC 62305 ejwayelekile yokuvikela umbani

Izinga le-BS EN / IEC 62305 lokuvikela umbani lashicilelwa okokuqala ngoSepthemba 2006, ukwedlula izinga langaphambilini, i-BS 6651: 1999. Okwe isikhathi esilinganiselwe, i-BS EN / IEC 62305 ne-BS 6651 zigijime ngokufana, kepha kusukela ngo-Agasti 2008, i-BS 6651 ihoxisiwe futhi manje i-BS EN / IEC 63205 iyindinganiso eyaziwayo yokuvikelwa kombani.

Izinga le-BS EN / IEC 62305 likhombisa ukuqonda okwandayo kwesayensi ngombani kanye nemiphumela yawo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule futhi kubheka umthelela okhulayo wezobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi emisebenzini yethu yansuku zonke. Eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima kakhulu kunangaphambili kwayo, i-BS EN / IEC 62305 ifaka izingxenye ezine ezihlukile - imigomo ejwayelekile, ukuphathwa kobungozi, ukulimala ngokomzimba kuzakhiwo kanye nobungozi bokuphila, nokuvikelwa kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi.

Lezi zingxenye zeleveli zethulwa lapha. Ngo-2010 lezi zingxenye zabuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho izingxenye ezintsha 1, 3 no-4 zibuyekeziwe ngo-2011. Ingxenye 2 ebuyekeziwe okwamanje isadingidwa kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ishicilelwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2012.

Okusemqoka ku-BS EN / IEC 62305 ukuthi konke ukucatshangelwa kokuvikelwa kombani kuqhutshwa wukuhlolwa kobungozi okuphelele futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuthi lokhu kuhlola akubheki nje kuphela isakhiwo okufanele sivikelwe kepha nezinsizakalo leso sakhiwo esixhunywe kuso. Empeleni, ukuvikelwa kombani okwakhiwe kungabe kusabhekwa njengokuzihlukanisa, ukuvikelwa kuma-overvoltages wesikhashana noma ama-surges kagesi kuhlangene ne-BS EN / IEC 62305.

Ukwakheka kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305

Uchungechunge lwe-BS EN / IEC 62305 luqukethe izingxenye ezine, zonke ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. Lezi zingxenye ezine zichazwe ngezansi:

Ingxenye 1: Izimiso ezijwayelekile

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-1 (ingxenye 1) isingeniso kwezinye izingxenye ze-standard futhi ichaza ngokusobala ukuthi ilungiswa kanjani i-Lightning Protection System (LPS) ngokuya ngezingxenye ezihambisana nezinga.

Ingxenye 2: Ukuphathwa kobungozi

Indlela ye-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 (ingxenye 2) yokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, ayigxili kakhulu ekulimaleni okungokwenyama esakhiweni esidalwe ukukhishwa kombani, kepha kakhulu engcupheni yokulahleka kwempilo yomuntu, ukulahlekelwa yinsizakalo esidlangalaleni, ukulahleka kwamagugu amasiko kanye nokulahleka komnotho.

Ingxenye 3: Ukulimala komzimba ezakhiweni kanye nobungozi bempilo

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 (ingxenye 3) ihlobene ngqo nengxenye enkulu ye-BS 6651. Ihlukile ku-BS 6651 ngokungathi le ngxenye entsha inamazinga amane noma ama-LPS wokuvikela, ngokungafani namabili ayisisekelo (ajwayelekile namazinga aphezulu engcuphe) ku-BS 6651.

Ingxenye 4: Izinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi

ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka, i-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 (ingxenye 4) ihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwezinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo. Ifaka okuvezwa yi-Annex C ku-BS 6651, kepha ngendlela entsha yokubiza indawo ebizwa nge-Lightning Protection Zones (LPZs). Inikeza imininingwane yokwakhiwa, ukufakwa, ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa kohlelo lokuvikela lwe-Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP) (manje olubizwa ngeSurge Protection Measure - SPM) lwamasistimu kagesi / kagesi ngaphakathi kohlaka.

Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza uhlaka olubanzi ngokuhluka okusemqoka phakathi kwezinga langaphambilini, i-BS 6651, ne-BS EN / IEC 62305.

Ukulimala nokulahlekelwa

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 ikhomba imithombo emine eyinhloko yomonakalo:

I-S1 Iyakhanya esakhiweni

I-S2 Iyakhanya eduze kwesakhiwo

I-S3 Flashes isevisi

I-S4 Flashes eduze kwensizakalo

Umthombo ngamunye womonakalo ungaholela ohlotsheni olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezintathu zomonakalo:

I-D1 Ukulimala kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yezinyathelo nezinyathelo zokuthinta

I-D2 Ukulimala komzimba (umlilo, ukuqhuma, ukubhujiswa kwemishini, ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali) ngenxa yemiphumela yamanje yombani kufaka phakathi inhlansi

Ukwehluleka kwe-D3 kwezinhlelo zangaphakathi ngenxa ye-Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP)

Izinhlobo zokulahleka ezilandelayo zingavela ekulimaleni ngenxa yombani:

L1 Ukulahleka kwempilo yomuntu

L2 Ukulahlekelwa wusizo emphakathini

L3 Ukulahlekelwa ngamagugu amasiko

L4 Ukulahlekelwa kwenani lezomnotho

Ubudlelwano bayo yonke le mingcele engenhla bufingqiwe kuThebula 5.

Umdwebo 12 ekhasini 271 uveza izinhlobo zomonakalo nokulahleka okubangelwa umbani.

Ukuthola incazelo eningiliziwe yemigomo ejwayelekile eyakha ingxenye 1 yezinga le-BS EN 62305, sicela ubheke kumhlahlandlela wethu ogcwele wenkomba 'Umhlahlandlela we-BS EN 62305.' Yize kugxilwe kuzinga le-BS EN, lo mhlahlandlela unganikela ngemininingwane esekelayo yokuthakazelisa kubabonisi abaklama okulingana ne-IEC. Sicela ubheke ikhasi 283 ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngalo mhlahlandlela.

Izindlela zokwakhiwa kwesikimu

Ukuvikelwa kombani okuhle kwesakhiwo kanye nezinsizakalo ezixhunyiwe kuzoba ukuvala isakhiwo ngaphakathi kwesihlangu esenziwe ngodongwe (ibhokisi), futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kunikeze ukubopha okwanele kwanoma yiziphi izinsizakalo ezixhunyiwe endaweni yokungena kwesihlangu.

Lokhu, empeleni, kungavimbela ukungena kwamandla ombane kanye nensimu kagesi eyenziwe ngogesi esakhiweni. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, akunakwenzeka noma kubize kakhulu ukuya ebangeni elinjalo.

Leli zinga ngaleyo ndlela libeka isethi echaziwe yamapharamitha wamanje wombani lapho izinyathelo zokuvikela, ezamukelwa ngokuya ngezincomo zayo, zizonciphisa noma yimuphi umonakalo nokulahleka okulandelayo ngenxa yesiteleka sombani. Lokhu kwehliswa komonakalo nokulahleka okulandelayo kuvumelekile uma nje imingcele yesiteleka sombani iwela ngaphakathi kwemingcele echaziwe, esungulwe njengamaleveli wokuvikelwa kombani (LPL).

Amaleveli Wokuvikela Umbani (LPL)

Amazinga amane okuvikela anqunywe ngokuya ngemingcele etholwe emaphepheni ezobuchwepheshe ashicilelwe ngaphambilini. Izinga ngalinye linesethi emisiwe yamapharamitha wamanje ophakeme nobuncane. Lezi zimingcele zikhonjisiwe kuThebula 6. Amanani aphezulu asetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo efana nezinto zokuvikela umbani kanye namaSurge Protective Devices (SPDs). Amanani amancane wombani wamanje asetshenziselwe ukuthola irediyamu ye-sphere egingqekayo kulelo nalelo zinga.

Izindawo Zokuvikela Umbani (LPZ)

Umqondo Wezindawo Zokuvikela Umbani (LPZ) wethulwe ngaphakathi kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305 ikakhulukazi ukusiza ekunqumeni izindlela zokuvikela ezidingekayo ukusungula izindlela zokuvikela ukulwa ne-Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP) ngaphakathi kohlaka.

Umgomo ojwayelekile ngukuthi okokusebenza okudinga ukuvikelwa kufanele kubekwe ku-LPZ enezici ze-electromagnetic ezihambelana nokucindezela kwemishini ukumelana noma amandla wokuzivikela.

Umqondo ubhekelela izindawo ezingaphandle, nengozi yokushaywa umbani ngqo (i-LPZ 0_A), noma ubungozi bokuthi umbani oyingxenye uvele njengamanje (LPZ 0_B), namazinga okuvikelwa ngaphakathi kwezindawo zangaphakathi (LPZ 1 & LPZ 2).

Ngokuvamile inani eliphakeme lendawo (LPZ 2; LPZ 3 njll) liyancipha lapho imiphumela elindelekile kagesi ilindelwe. Imvamisa, noma iyiphi imishini ye-elektroniki ebucayi kufanele itholakale kuma-LPZ anezinombolo eziphakeme futhi ivikelwe kwi-LEMP ngezinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela ('SPM' njengoba kuchaziwe ku-BS EN 62305: 2011).

I-SPM phambilini ibibizwa nge-LEMP Protection Measure System (LPMS) ku-BS EN / IEC 62305: 2006.

Umdwebo 13 uqokomisa umqondo we-LPZ njengoba usetshenziswe esakhiweni naku-SPM. Umqondo unwetshwe ku-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 naku BS EN / IEC 62305-4.

Ukukhethwa kwe-SPM efaneleke kakhulu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kobungozi ngokuya nge-BS EN / IEC 62305-2.

BS EN / IEC 62305-2 Ukuphathwa kobungozi

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 iyisihluthulelo ekusetshenzisweni okulungile kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 kanye ne-BS EN / IEC 62305-4. Ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa kobungozi manje ngokujule nangokubanzi kakhulu kunendlela ye-BS 6651.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 isebenza ngqo ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kobungozi, imiphumela yayo echaza izinga le-Lightning Protection System (LPS) elidingekayo. Ngenkathi ama-BS 6651 enikele ngamakhasi ayi-9 (kufaka phakathi izibalo) esihlokweni sokuhlolwa kobungozi, i-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 njengamanje iqukethe amakhasi angaphezu kwe-150.

Isigaba sokuqala sokuhlolwa kobungozi ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezine zokulahleka (njengoba kukhonjwe ku-BS EN / IEC 62305-1) isakhiwo nokuqukethwe kungangena. Inhloso enkulu yokuhlolwa kobungozi ukukala futhi uma kunesidingo ukunciphisa ubungozi obuyinhloko obufanele okungukuthi:

R₁ ingozi yokulahleka kwempilo yomuntu

R₂ ubungozi bokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi emphakathini

R₃ ingozi yokulahlekelwa ngamagugu amasiko

R₄ ingozi yokulahlekelwa kwenani lezomnotho

Engcupheni ngayinye kwezintathu zokuqala, ingozi ebekezelelekayo (R_Tisethiwe. Le datha ingatholakala kuThebula 7 le-IEC 62305-2 noma iThebula NK.1 le-Annex Kazwelonke ye-BS EN 62305-2.

Ingozi ngayinye eyinhloko (R_n) kunqunywa ngochungechunge olude lwezibalo njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphakathi kwezinga. Uma ingozi yangempela (R_ningaphansi noma ilingana nobungozi obubekezelelekayo (R_T), lapho-ke akukho zinyathelo zokuvikela ezidingekayo. Uma ingozi yangempela (R_n) inkulu kunobungozi bayo obubekezelelekayo (R_T), lapho-ke kufanele kuvikelwe izindlela zokuvikela. Inqubo engenhla iyaphindwa (kusetshenziswa amanani amasha ahlobene nezinyathelo zokuvikela ezikhethiwe) kuze kube R_n incane noma ilingana nokuhambelana kwayo R_T. Yile nqubo yokuziphindiselela njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 14 onquma ukukhetha noma ngeqiniso i-Lightning Protection Level (LPL) ye-Lightning Protection System (LPS) ne-Surges Protective Measures (SPM) yokulwa ne-Lightning Electromagnetic impulse (LEMP).

BS EN / IEC 62305-3 Ukulimala ngokomzimba kuzakhiwo kanye nobungozi bempilo

Le ngxenye yamazinga ibhekene nezinyathelo zokuvikela ngaphakathi naseduze nohlaka futhi ngenxa yalokho ihlobene ngqo nengxenye enkulu ye-BS 6651.

Umzimba omkhulu wale ngxenye yezinga unikeza ukuholwa ekwakhiweni koHlelo Lokuvikela Umbani lwangaphandle (i-LPS), i-LPS yangaphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcinwa nokuhlolwa.

Uhlelo Lokuvikela Umbani (LPS)

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-1 ichaze amaZinga amane Wokuvikela Umbani (i-LPLs) ngokuya ngemisinga yombani ephansi kakhulu futhi ephezulu. Lawa ma-LPL alingana ngqo nezigaba ze-Lightning Protection System (LPS).

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwamazinga amane we-LPL ne-LPS kukhonjwe kuThebula 7. Empeleni, lapho i-LPL iba nkulu, kudingeka isigaba esiphakeme se-LPS.

Isigaba se-LPS esizofakwa silawulwa ngumphumela wesibalo sokuhlolwa kobungozi esivezwe ku-BS EN / IEC 62305-2.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuklanywa kwe-LPS yangaphandle

Umklami wokuvikela umbani kufanele aqale acabangele imiphumela eshisayo neqhumayo ebangelwe isiteleka sombani kanye nemiphumela esakhiweni esidingidwayo. Ngokuya ngemiphumela umklami angakhetha noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-LPS yangaphandle:

- Wedwa

- Akuhlukanisiwe

I-LPS ehlukanisiwe ivame ukukhethwa lapho isakhiwo sakhiwe ngezinto ezivuthayo noma siveza ingozi yokuqhuma.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo olungasetshenziswa lodwa lungafakwa lapho ingekho khona ingozi enjalo.

I-LPS yangaphandle iqukethe:

- Uhlelo lokuqeda umoya

- Down umqhubi uhlelo

- Uhlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba

Lezi zinto ezingazodwana ze-LPS kufanele zixhunywe ndawonye kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanele zokuvikela umbani (ku-BS EN 62305) nge-BS EN 50164 chungechunge (qaphela lolu chungechunge lwe-BS EN kufanele luphakanyiswe yi-BS EN / IEC 62561 uchungechunge). Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka kukhishwa umbani manje esakhiweni, ukwakheka okulungile nokukhethwa kwezinto kuzonciphisa noma yimuphi umonakalo ongaba khona.

Uhlelo lokuqedwa komoya

Indima yohlelo lokunqanyulwa komoya ukubamba ukukhishwa kombani njengamanje bese kulisakaza ngokungenangozi emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa umqhubi wezinhlelo zokuqeda umoya nopheliso lomhlaba. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlelo olwenzelwe kahle lokuqeda umoya.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 ikhuthaza okulandelayo, kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela, yokwakhiwa kokuqedwa komoya:

- Izinduku zomoya (noma iziphetho) noma ngabe zimile mahhala noma zixhunywe nabaqhubi ukwakha imesh ophahleni

- Abaqhubi beCatenary (noma abamisiwe), noma ngabe basekelwa ngamaski okuma mahhala noma baxhunywe nabaqhubi ukwenza uthango ophahleni

- Inethiwekhi ye-Meshed conductor engahle ixhumane ngqo nophahla noma imiswe ngenhla kwayo (uma kwenzeka kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphahla aluvezwanga ngokukhishwa kombani ngqo)

Izinga likwenza kucace bha ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokunqanyulwa komoya ezisetshenziswayo zizohlangabezana nezidingo zokubeka ezibekwe emzimbeni weleveli. Kuqokomisa ukuthi izingxenye zokunqanyulwa komoya kufanele zifakwe emakhoneni, ezindaweni eziveziwe nasemaphethelweni esakhiwo. Izindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo ezinconyelwe ukunquma isikhundla sezinhlelo zokunqanyulwa komoya yilezi:

- Indlela ye-sphere egingqikayo

- Indlela yokuvikela engela

- Indlela ye-mesh

Lezi zindlela zinemininingwane emakhasini alandelayo.

Indlela ye-rolling sphere

Indlela ye-rolling sphere iyindlela elula yokukhomba izindawo zesakhiwo esidinga ukuvikelwa, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube neziteleka eziseceleni esakhiweni. Umqondo oyisisekelo wokusebenzisa i-rolling sphere esakhiweni uboniswe ku-Figure 15.

Indlela ye-rolling sphere isetshenzisiwe ku-BS 6651, umehluko kuphela ukuthi ku-BS EN / IEC 62305 kunemisebe ehlukene yendawo egingqikayo ehambelana nesigaba esifanele se-LPS (bheka Ithebula 8).

Le ndlela ifanelekile ekuchazeni izindawo zokuvikela zazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi lezo ze-geometry eyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela engeli yokuvikela

Indlela ye-angle evikelayo ukwenziwa lula kwezibalo kwendlela ye-rolling sphere. I-engeli evikelayo (a) i-engeli edalwe phakathi kwethiphu (A) yenduku mpo kanye nomugqa ovezelwe phansi lapho kuhlala khona induku (bheka Umfanekiso 16).

I-engeli yokuvikela enikezwe yinduku yomoya ngokusobala ingumqondo obheke ngakuthathu lapho induku inikezwa khona isigaxa sokuvikela ngokuswayipha umugqa we-AC engeli yokuvikela i-360º egcwele ngenduku yomoya.

I-engeli yokuvikela iyahluka ngobude obuhlukahlukene benduku yomoya nekilasi le-LPS. I-engeli yokuvikela enikezwe yinduku yomoya inqunywa kusuka kuThebula 2 le-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 (bheka Umfanekiso 17).

Ukushintshashintsha i-engeli yokuvikela ukushintshela endaweni elula engu-45º yokuvikela enikezwe ezimweni eziningi ku-BS 6651. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indinganiso entsha isebenzisa ukuphakama kohlelo lokunqanyulwa komoya ngaphezu kwendiza eyinkomba, noma ngabe ilele phansi noma uphahla (Bheka Umfanekiso 18).

Indlela ye-mesh

Le yindlela ebisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezincomo ze-BS 6651. Futhi, ngaphakathi kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305 amasayizi amane ahlukene wokuqedwa komoya achazwa futhi ahambelana nesigaba esifanele se-LPS (bheka Ithebula 9).

Le ndlela ifanele lapho izindawo ezingenalutho zidinga ukuvikelwa uma kuhlangatshezwana nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

- Abaqhubi bokunqanyulwa komoya kumele babekwe emaphethelweni ophahla, phezu kwezingodo zophahla nasemaphethelweni ophahla ngophawu olungaphezulu kuka-1 kwabayishumi (10º)

- Akukho ukufakwa kwensimbi okuphuma ngaphezu kohlelo lokunqanyulwa komoya

Ucwaningo lwesimanje mayelana nombani odale umonakalo lukhombisile ukuthi imiphetho namakhona ophahla kusengcupheni yokulimala.

Ngakho-ke kuzo zonke izakhiwo ikakhulukazi ezinophahla oluyisicaba, ama-perimeter conductor kufanele afakwe asondele emaphethelweni angaphandle ophahla njengoba kungenzeka.

Njengakwi-BS 6651, indinganiso yamanje ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwabaqhubi (noma ngabe bayizinsimbi ezikhohlisayo noma abaqhubi be-LP abazinikele) ngaphansi kophahla. Izinduku zomoya eziqondile (iziphetho) noma amapuleti wesiteleka kufanele abekwe ngaphezulu kophahla futhi axhumeke ohlelweni lokuqhuba ngaphansi. Izinduku zomoya kufanele zihlukaniswe zingeqi ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 futhi uma kusetshenziswa amapuleti esiteleka njengenye indlela, lawa kufanele abekwe ngamasu ngaphezu kwendawo yophahla engeqi ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu.

Izinhlelo ezingajwayelekile zokunqanyulwa komoya

Impikiswano eningi yezobuchwepheshe (neyezentengiso) iqhubekile eminyakeni edlule mayelana nokuba semthethweni kwezimangalo ezenziwe yilabo abasekela lezi zinhlelo.

Lesi sihloko kuxoxiswane ngaso kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamaqembu asebenzayo ezobuchwepheshe ahlanganisa i-BS EN / IEC 62305. Umphumela waba ukuhlala nolwazi olugcinwe kuleli zinga.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 isho ngokungangabazeki ukuthi ivolumu noma indawo yokuvikela enikezwe uhlelo lokuqeda umoya (isb. Induku yomoya) izonqunywa kuphela ubukhulu bangempela bohlelo lokunqanyulwa komoya.

Lesi sitatimende sigcizelelwe ngaphakathi kwenguqulo ka-2011 ye-BS EN 62305, ngokufakwa emzimbeni wezinga elijwayelekile, kunokuba kube yingxenye yeSithasiselo (Isijobelelo A se-BS EN / IEC 62305-3: 2006).

Imvamisa uma induku yomoya ingamamitha ama-5 ukuphakama isimangalo kuphela sendawo yokuvikela enikezwe yile nduku yomoya sizosuselwa ku-5 m kanye nesigaba esifanele se-LPS hhayi ubukhulu obuthuthukisiwe obufunwa ezinye izinduku zomoya ezingajwayelekile.

Alikho elinye izinga okucatshangwa ukuthi lizosebenza ngokufana nale BS standard / IEC 62305 ejwayelekile.

Izingxenye zemvelo

Lapho uphahla lwensimbi luthathwa njengelungiselelo lokuqedwa komoya wemvelo, i-BS 6651 yanikeza ukuholwa kubukhulu obuncane nohlobo lwento ebhekwayo.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 inikeza ukuholwa okufanayo kanye nemininingwane eyengeziwe uma uphahla kufanele lubhekwe njengobufakazi bokubhoboza okukhishwa umbani (bheka Ithebula 10).

Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nobuncane bama-conductor amabili asatshalaliswa azungeze umkhawulo wesakhiwo. Abaqhubi bezansi kufanele lapho kungenzeka khona bafakwe ekhoneni ngalinye eliveziwe lesakhiwo njengoba ucwaningo lukubonisile lokhu ukuphatha ingxenye enkulu yombani wamanje.

Izingxenye zemvelo

I-BS EN / IEC 62305, efana ne-BS 6651, ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezinenhlonipho ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ukuthi zifakwe kwi-LPS.

Lapho i-BS 6651 ikhuthaze ukuqhubeka kukagesi lapho usebenzisa imigoqo yokuqinisa etholakala kuzakhiwo zikakhonkolo, kanjalo ne-BS EN / IEC 62305-3. Ngokwengeziwe, ithi imigoqo yokuqinisa ishiselwe, ibhajwe ngezinto zokuxhuma ezifanele noma igqagqene ubuncane bezikhathi ezingama-20 ububanzi bokubuyisa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawo mabha yokuqinisa angahle athwale imibani yombani anokuxhumana okuphephile kusuka ebangeni elilodwa kuye kokulandelayo.

Lapho imigoqo yokuqinisa yangaphakathi kudingeka ukuthi ixhunywe kuma-conductor wangaphandle angaphandle noma kunethiwekhi ye-earthing noma yimaphi amalungiselelo aboniswe ku-Figure 20 kufanelekile. Uma ukuxhumeka okusuka kumqhubi wokuhlanganisa kuya endaweni engemuva kuzofakwa kukhonkolo khona-ke indinganiso incoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe izibopho ezimbili, eyodwa ixhunywe kubude obubodwa berebar kanti enye ibude obahlukene be-rebar. Amalunga kufanele emva kwalokho afakwe yinhlanganisela evimbela umswakama njenge-Denso tape.

Uma imigoqo yokuqinisa (noma ifreyimu yensimbi eyakhiwe) izosetshenziswa njengabaqhubi bezansi lapho kufanele kuqhubeke ukuqhubeka kukagesi kusuka ohlelweni lokunqanyulwa komoya kuye ohlelweni lomhlaba. Ezakhiweni ezintsha zokwakha lokhu kunganqunywa esigabeni sokuqala sokwakha ngokusebenzisa imigoqo yokuqinisa ebekelwe noma kungenjalo ukusebenzisa umqhubi wethusi ozinikele kusuka phezulu kwesakhiwo kuye esisekelweni ngaphambi kokuthululwa kokhonkolo. Lo mqhubi wethusi ozinikele kufanele ahlanganiswe nemigoqo yokuqinisa / esondelene nayo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Uma kunokungabaza mayelana nomzila nokuqhubeka kwemigoqo yokuqinisa ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezikhona kufanele kufakwe uhlelo lwangaphandle lokuqhuba. Lokhu kufanele kuhlanganiswe kunethiwekhi yokuqinisa izakhiwo phezulu nangaphansi kohlaka.

Uhlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba

Uhlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba lubalulekile ekusakazekeni kombani njengamanje ngokuphepha nangempumelelo emhlabathini.

Ngokuhambisana ne-BS 6651, indinganiso entsha incoma uhlelo olulodwa oluhlanganisiwe lokuqedwa komhlaba lwesakhiwo, oluhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kombani, amandla kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngocingo. Isivumelwano segunya lokusebenza noma umnikazi wezinhlelo ezifanele kufanele sitholwe ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukubopha okwenzekayo.

Ukuxhumeka okuhle komhlaba kufanele kube nalezi zici ezilandelayo:

- Ukumelana okuphansi kagesi phakathi kwe-electrode nomhlaba. Ukwehla kokumelana ne-electrode yomhlaba kulapho umbani wamanje uzokhetha ukugeleza wehle ngaleyo ndlela kunanoma iyiphi enye, okuvumela ukuthi amandla wamanje aqhutshwe ngokuphepha futhi ancibilike emhlabeni

- Good ukugqwala ukumelana. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode yomhlaba nokuxhumeka kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izofihlwa emhlabathini iminyaka eminingi ngakho-ke kufanele ithembeke ngokuphelele

Izinga elijwayelekile likhuthaza isidingo esiphansi sokumelana nomhlaba futhi likhomba ukuthi lingatholakala ngohlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba jikelele lwama-ohms ayi-10 noma ngaphansi.

Kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo amathathu we-electrode eyisisekelo.

- Thayipha ilungiselelo A

- Uhlobo lohlelo B

- Ama-electrode ayisisekelo

Thayipha ukuhlelwa

Lokhu kuqukethe ama-electrode womhlaba ovundlile noma amile, axhumeke kumqhubi ngamunye ophansi alungiswe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Lokhu empeleni uhlelo lomhlaba olusetshenziswe ku-BS 6651, lapho umqhubi ngamunye ophansi ene-electrode (induku) exhunywe kuyo.

Uhlobo lohlelo B

Leli lungiselelo empeleni liyi-electrode yendandatho exhunywe ngokuphelele ebekwe eceleni komngcele wesakhiwo futhi ixhumana nenhlabathi ezungezile okungenani u-80% wobude bayo bonke (okungukuthi u-20% wobude bayo bonke bungabekwa ngokusho isisekelo sesakhiwo hhayi ukuxhumana ngqo nomhlaba).

Ama-electrode esisekelo somhlaba

Lokhu empeleni ilungiselelo lohlobo B lomhlaba. Iqukethe abaqhubi abafakwe kusisekelo sikakhonkolo wesakhiwo. Uma kudingeka noma ibuphi ubude obengeziwe bama-electrode badinga ukuhlangabezana nenqubo efanayo naleyo yokuhlelwa kohlobo B. Ama-electrode weSisekelo somhlaba angasetshenziselwa ukukhulisa insimbi yokuqinisa insimbi.

Ukwehlukanisa (ukuhlukanisa) ibanga le-LPS yangaphandle

Ibanga lokwehlukanisa (okusho ukufakwa kukagesi) phakathi kwe-LPS yangaphandle kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwayo liyadingeka. Lokhu kuzonciphisa noma yiliphi ithuba lokuthi umbani oyingxenye wamanje wethulwe ngaphakathi esakhiweni.

Lokhu kungatholakala ngokubeka abaqhubi bombani kude ngokwanele kude nanoma yiziphi izingxenye ezihamba phambili ezinemizila eholela esakhiweni. Ngakho-ke, uma ukukhishwa kombani kushaya umqhubi wombani, ngeke 'kuvimbe igebe' bese kudlulela kwinsimbi eseduze.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 incoma uhlelo olulodwa oluhlanganisiwe lokuqedwa komhlaba lwesakhiwo, oluhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kombani, amandla, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngocingo.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuklanywa kwe-LPS kwangaphakathi

Iqhaza elibalulekile le-LPS yangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukugwenywa kwenhlansi eyingozi eyenzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka okufanele ivikelwe. Lokhu kungabangwa, kulandela ukukhishwa kombani, kulombani ogeleza ku-LPS yangaphandle noma ezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo futhi ezizama ukukhanyisa noma ukubhebhethekisa ukufakwa kwensimbi yangaphakathi.

Ukwenza izinyathelo ezifanele ze-equipotential bonding noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunebanga elanele lokufakwa kukagesi phakathi kwezingxenye zensimbi kungagwema ukuqhuma okuyingozi phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zensimbi.

Umbani we-equipotential bonding

Ukuxhuma kwe-Equipotential kumane nje kungukuxhuma kagesi kwakho konke ukufaka / izingxenye zensimbi ezifanele, ukuze kuthi uma kwenzeka imibani igeleza, akukho ngxenye yensimbi enamandla okuba namandla ehlukile ngokuqondene nomunye nomunye. Uma izingxenye zensimbi empeleni zinamandla afanayo lapho-ke ubungozi bokwenza inhlansi noma i-flashover benziwa ize.

Lokhu kuhlangana kukagesi kungatholakala ngokubopha kwemvelo / ngenhloso noma ngokusebenzisa amakhondaktha athile wokubhangqa alinganiselwe ngokweThebula 8 no-9 le-BS EN / IEC 62305-3.

Ukubopha kungafezwa futhi ngokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi wokuvikela ama-surge (ama-SPDs) lapho ukuxhumana ngqo nabaqhubi be-bonding kungafanelekile.

Umdwebo 21 (osuselwe ku-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 figE.43) ukhombisa isibonelo esijwayelekile sokuhlelwa kwe-equipotential bonding. Isistimu yokushisa yegesi, amanzi nendawo emaphakathi konke kuxhumene ngqo nebha yokuxhuma ye-equipotential etholakala ngaphakathi kodwa eduze kodonga olungaphandle eduze kwezinga lomhlabathi. Ikhebula lamandla lihlanganiswe nge-SPD efanelekile, phezulu ukusuka kumitha kagesi, kubha yokuxhuma ye-equipotential. Le bha yokuxhuma kufanele itholakale eduze nebhodi elikhulu lokusabalalisa (i-MDB) futhi iphinde ixhumane kakhulu nohlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba olunabaqhubi abade. Ezakhiweni ezinkudlwana noma ezinwetshiwe kungadingeka imigoqo eminingi yokubopha kepha kufanele konke kuxhumane

Isikrini sanoma iyiphi ikhebula le-antenna kanye nanoma yikuphi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvikelwe ezintweni zikagesi ezihanjiswa esakhiweni kufanele futhi kuhlanganiswe kubha ye-equipotential.

Ukuholwa okuqhubekayo okuphathelene nokuxhuma kwe-equipotential, amasistimu wokuxhuma wokuxhuma, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-SPD kungatholakala encwadini ye-LSP.

BS EN / IEC 62305-4 Izinhlelo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi ezingaphakathi kwezakhiwo

Izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi manje sezigcwele cishe kuzo zonke izici zempilo yethu, kusuka endaweni yokusebenza, ngokugcwalisa imoto ngophethiloli ngisho nokuthenga esitolo esikhulu sendawo. Njengomphakathi, manje sesethembele kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo ezinjalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha, ukulawulwa kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo kuqhume phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Akukhona nje ukuthi kunezinhlelo eziningi ezikhona, usayizi womzimba we-elekthronikhi obandakanyekayo unciphise kakhulu (usayizi omncane usho amandla amancane adingekayo ukulimaza amasekethe).

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 yamukela ukuthi manje sesiphila enkathini kagesi, okwenza ukuvikeleka kwe-LEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse) yezinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi kuhambisane nezinga ngokusebenzisa ingxenye 4. I-LEMP yigama elinikezwe imiphumela yonke yombani kagesi, kufaka phakathi kwenziwe ama-surges (ama-overvoltages wesikhashana nemisinga) kanye nemiphumela yenkambu ye-electromagnetic.

Ukulimala kwe-LEMP kudlangile kangangokuba kukhonjwa njengolunye lwezinhlobo ezithile (D3) okufanele zivikelwe kulo nokuthi umonakalo we-LEMP ungavela kuzo zonke izindawo zesiteleka esakhiweni noma kumasevisi axhunyiwe-aqondile noma angaqondile - ukuze kubhekiswe ngokuqhubekayo ezinhlotsheni yomonakalo odalwe umbani bheka Ithebula 5. Le ndlela enwetshiwe ibuye icabangele ubungozi bomlilo noma ukuqhuma okuhambisana nezinsizakalo ezixhunywe kusakhiwo, isb. amandla, izingcingo, nolunye ulayini wensimbi.

Umbani awusona usongo kuphela…

Ukuqubuka kwesikhashana okudalwe yimicimbi yokushintsha ugesi kuvame kakhulu futhi kungaba ngumthombo wokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Okwamanje ukugeleza komqhubi kudala amandla kazibuthe lapho kugcinwa khona amandla. Lapho i-current iphazamiseka noma icishiwe, amandla aku-magnetic field akhishwa ngokuzumayo. Emzamweni wokuziqeda uqobo iba yisikhashana esinamandla amakhulu.

Amandla agciniwe kakhudlwana, makhulu okuba khona okudlulayo. Imisinga ephakeme nobude obude babaqhubi bobabili banikela emandleni amaningi agcinwe futhi akhishwe futhi!

Kungakho imithwalo engenisa izinto enjengezimoto, ama-transformers, kanye nokushayela ngogesi kuyizimbangela ezivamile zokushintsha izinto ezihamba kancane.

Ukubaluleka kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305-4

Ukweqiwa kwamandla okubalekela okweqile kwesikhashana noma ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwafakwa njengesijobelelo sokweluleka kuzinga le-BS 6651, nokuhlolwa okuhlukile kobungozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvikelwa bekuvame ukufakwa ngemuva kokulimala kwemishini, imvamisa ngesibopho sezinkampani zomshuwalense. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okukodwa kobungozi ku-BS EN / IEC 62305 kuchaza ukuthi ngabe ukuvikeleka kwesakhiwo kanye / noma kwe-LEMP kuyadingeka ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kombani wesakhiwo manje ngeke kubhekwe kukodwa ekuvikelweni kokuvuthwa kwesikhashana okwaziwa njengeSurge Protective Devices (SPDs) ngaphakathi kwaleli zinga elisha. Lokhu kukodwa kungukuphambuka okuphawulekayo kusuka kweye-BS 6651.

Ngempela, ngokuya nge-BS EN / IEC 62305-3, uhlelo lwe-LPS alusakwazi ukufakwa ngaphandle kombani wamanje noma we-equipotential bonding SPDs kuzinsizakalo ezingenayo zensimbi ezinama- “cores aphilayo” - njengezintambo zikagesi nezingcingo - ezingabopheki ngqo emhlabeni. Ama-SPD anjalo adingeka ukuvikela engcupheni yokulahleka kwempilo yomuntu ngokuvimbela inhlansi eyingozi engaletha umlilo noma izingozi zikagesi ezethusayo.

Ama-SPD wamanje noma ama-equipotential bonding nawo asetshenziswa kulayini wensizakalo ephezulu ondle isakhiwo esisengozini yesiteleka esiqondile. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalawa ma-SPD kukodwa "akuhlinzeki ngokuvikelwa okuphumelelayo ekuhlulekeni kwezinhlelo ezizwelayo zikagesi noma ze-elekthronikhi", ukucaphuna i-BS EN / IEC 62305 ingxenye 4, ebhekiswe ngqo ekuvikeleni izinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka.

Ama-SPD amanje akhanyisa akha ingxenye eyodwa yesethi edidiyelwe yama-SPD afaka phakathi i-overvoltage SPDs - edingekayo isiyonke ukuvikela ngempumelelo amasistimu kagesi nawakwa-elektroniki abucayi kuzo zombili imibani nezinguquko zesikhashana.

Izindawo Zokuvikela Umbani (LPZs)

Ngenkathi i-BS 6651 yaqaphela umqondo wokuklanywa ku-Annex C (Izigaba Zendawo A, B, no-C), i-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 ichaza umqondo Wezindawo Zokuvikela Umbani (LPZs). Umdwebo 22 ukhombisa umqondo oyisisekelo we-LPZ ochazwe ngezinyathelo zokuvikela i-LEMP njengoba kucacisiwe ngaphakathi kwengxenye 4.

Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, uchungechunge lwama-LPZs adalelwa ukuba, noma akhonjwe njengasevele enalo, ukuvezwa okuncane ngokulandelana emiphumeleni yombani.

Izindawo eziphumelelayo zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokubopha, ukuvikela kanye nama-SPD ahlanganisiwe ukufeza ukuncipha okukhulu kobukhali be-LEMP, kusuka kumafutha okwenyuka okwenziwe nokugeleza kwesikhashana, kanye nemiphumela ekhanyisiwe kazibuthe. Abaqambi baxhumanisa lawa mazinga ukuze imishini ebucayi ihlelwe ezindaweni ezivikelwe kakhulu.

Ama-LPZ angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili - izindawo ezingama-2 zangaphandle (i-LPZ 0_A, LPZ0_B) futhi imvamisa izindawo ezingama-2 zangaphakathi (i-LPZ 1, 2) yize kungenziwa ezinye izindawo ukuze kuncishiswe enye inkambu ye-electromagnetic kanye nombani wamanje uma kudingeka.

Izindawo ezingaphandle

I-LPZ 0_A yindawo ekhonjelwe imivimbo eqondile futhi ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi ifike kumbani ogcwele wombani.

Lokhu imvamisa indawo yophahla yesakhiwo. Inkambu ephelele ye-electromagnetic yenzeka lapha.

I-LPZ 0_B yindawo engaphansi kwemivimbo eqondile yombani futhi imvamisa iyizindonga eziseceleni zesakhiwo.

Kodwa-ke, inkambu ephelele ye-electromagnetic isenzeka lapha futhi yaqhuba imisinga yombani engaphelele nokushintsha ama-surges kungenzeka lapha.

Izindawo ezingaphakathi

I-LPZ 1 yindawo yangaphakathi engaphansi kwemisipha yombani eyingxenye. Imisinga yombani eyenziwe kanye / noma ukushintsha ama-surges kuncishisiwe ngokuqhathaniswa nezindawo zangaphandle ze-LPZ 0_A, LPZ0_B.

Le yindawo lapho izinsizakalo zingena khona esakhiweni noma lapho kutholakala khona i-switchboard eyinhloko yamandla.

I-LPZ 2 yindawo yangaphakathi ebekwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo lapho izinsalela zemisinga yokufaka umbani kanye / noma ukushintsha ama-surges kwehliswa kuqhathaniswa ne-LPZ 1.

Lokhu kuvamise ukuba yigumbi elihloliwe noma, lamandla kagesi, endaweni yebhodi elincane lokusatshalaliswa. Amazinga okuvikelwa ngaphakathi kwendawo kufanele ahlanganiswe nezimpawu zokuzivikela zomshini okufanele uvikelwe, okusho ukuthi, lapho okokusebenza kuzwela kakhulu, indawo evikelekile iyadingeka.

Indwangu ekhona nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo kungenza izindawo zibonakale kalula, noma amasu e-LPZ kungadingeka ukuthi asetshenziswe ukwakha izindawo ezidingekayo.

Izinyathelo Zokuvikelwa Kokuqubuka (i-SPM)

Ezinye izindawo zesakhiwo, njengegumbi elihloliwe, zivikelwe kangcono ngokwemvelo emibani kunezinye futhi kungenzeka ukunweba izindawo ezivikelekile ngokwakhiwa ngokucophelela kwe-LPS, ukubopha umhlaba kwezinsizakalo zensimbi njengamanzi negesi, kanye nokufaka amatafula amasu. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa okulungile kwamadivayisi we-Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) ahlanganisiwe avikela imishini ekulimaleni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwayo - kubalulekile ekuqedeni isikhathi sokuphumula. Lezi zinyathelo seziphelele zibizwa ngeSurge Protection Measure (SPM) (phambilini eyayiyi-LEMP Protection Measures System (LPMS)).

Lapho ufaka ukubopha, ukuvikela kanye nama-SPD, ubuhle bezobuchwepheshe kumele bulinganiswe nezidingo zezomnotho. Okwakhiwayo okusha, izindlela zokubopha kanye nezokuhlola kungenziwa ngokuhlanganisiwe ukwakha ingxenye ye-SPM ephelele. Kodwa-ke, ngesakhiwo esivele sikhona, ukufaka kabusha isethi yama-SPD ahlanganisiwe kungenzeka kube yisixazululo esilula kakhulu futhi esonga izindleko.

Chofoza inkinobho yokuhlela ukuze ushintshe lo mbhalo. I-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, i-consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Ama-SPD ahlanganisiwe

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 igcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwama-SPD ahlanganisiwe wokuvikela imishini ngaphakathi kwendawo yabo. Lokhu kumane kusho uchungechunge lwama-SPD anezindawo nezimpawu zokuphatha ze-LEMP ezihlanganiswa ngendlela yokuvikela okokusebenza endaweni yazo ngokunciphisa imiphumela ye-LEMP ezingeni le-asafe. Ngakho-ke kungahle kube khona umbani osindayo we-SPD wamanje emnyango wesevisi ukuphatha iningi lamandla okuqhuma (umbani oyingxenye osuka ku-LPS kanye / noma imigqa ephezulu) ngevoltage ethintekayo yesikhashana elawulwa emazingeni aphephile ngokudidiyelwa kwe-SPDs ukuvikela okokugcina okubandakanya ukulimala okungaba khona ngokushintsha imithombo, isb. izinjini ezinkulu ezifakwayo. Ama-SPD afanele kufanele afakwe noma yikuphi lapho izinsizakalo ziwela zisuka ku-LPZ ziye kwenye.

Ama-SPD ahlanganisiwe kufanele asebenze ngempumelelo ndawonye njengohlelo olwehlisiwe ukuvikela imishini endaweni yabo. Isibonelo, i-SPD yamanje yombani ekungeneni kwensizakalo kufanele iphathe iningi lamandla okuqhuma, ikhulule ngokwanele ama-SPDs wehla nokwehla kwamandla ukulawula ukuqhuma kwamandla.

Ama-SPD afanele kufanele afakwe noma yikuphi lapho izinsizakalo ziwela zisuka ku-LPZ ziye kwenye

Ukudidiyela okungalungile kungasho ukuthi ama-SPDs we-overvoltage angaphansi kwamandla amaningi wokuqhakambisa azibeka wona uqobo kanye nemishini engaba sengozini yomonakalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi noma ama-voltages we-SPDs afakiwe kufanele ahlanganiswe namandla okuvikela amandla wezingxenye zokufakwa kanye nokuzivikela komzimba okumelana namandla kagesi wezinto zikagesi.

Ama-SPD athuthukisiwe

Yize ukulinyazwa okuqondile kwemishini kungathandeki, isidingo sokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula ngenxa yokulahleka kokusebenza noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini nakho kungabalulekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezisebenzela umphakathi, kungaba izibhedlela, izikhungo zezezimali, izimboni ezikhiqizayo noma amabhizinisi ezentengiselwano, lapho ukungakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zazo ngenxa yokulahleka kokusebenza kwemishini kungaholela kwezempilo nokuphepha kanye / noma kwezezimali imiphumela.

Ama-SPD ajwayelekile angavikela kuphela ekuqhamukeni kwemodi ejwayelekile (phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma nomhlaba), ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okusebenzayo ekulimaleni okuqondile kepha hhayi ngesikhathi sokuphumula ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kohlelo.

I-BS EN 62305 ngakho-ke ibheka ukusetshenziswa kwama-SPD athuthukisiwe (i-SPD *) aqhubeka nokunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinto zokusebenza ezibucayi lapho kudingeka khona ukusebenza okuqhubekayo. Abafaki ngakho-ke kuzodingeka bazi kakhulu izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza nokufakwa kwama-SPD kunalokho okungenzeka babekade benakho phambilini.

Ama-SPD aphezulu noma athuthukisiwe ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwamandla okuphansi (okungcono) kwe-voltage kuma-surges kwimodi ejwayelekile nemodi ehlukile (phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma) ngakho-ke futhi kunikeza nokuvikelwa okungeziwe ngaphezulu kwezindlela zokubopha nezokuvikela.

Ama-SPD athuthukisiwe anjalo anganikela ngokufika kuma-mains Type 1 + 2 + 3 noma ukuvikelwa kwedatha / telecom Test Cat D + C + B ngaphakathi kweyunithi eyodwa. Njengemishini yokugcina, isb. Amakhompyutha, ivame ukuba sengozini kakhulu kuma-mode mode wokuhluka, lokhu kuvikelwa okungeziwe kungacatshangelwa okubalulekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okuvikela imodi ejwayelekile nokwehluka evumela imishini ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuqhutshwa komsebenzi - inikela ngenzuzo enkulu ezinhlanganweni zezohwebo, zezimboni nezomphakathi ngokufanayo.

Onke ama-LSP SPD anikela ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-SPD ngezimboni ezihola izintambo eziphansi zokuvumela

(izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi, U_p), njengoba lokhu kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuzuza ukuvikeleka okuphindaphindayo okungabizi kakhulu, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngaphezu kokuvimbela isikhathi sokuphumula sohlelo olubizayo. Ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi kuzo zonke izindlela ezivamile nokwehluka kusho ukuthi kudingeka amayunithi ambalwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikela, okusindisa izindleko zamayunithi nezokufaka, kanye nesikhathi sokufaka.

Onke ama-LSP SPD anikela ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-SPD ngomkhakha ohola amandla we-low-through voltage

Isiphetho

Umbani ubeka usongo olucacile esakhiweni kepha usongo olukhulayo ezinhlelweni ezisesakhiweni ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa nokuthembakala kwemishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi. Uchungechunge lwamazinga we-BS EN / IEC 62305 akuvuma ngokusobala lokhu. Ukuvikelwa kombani wesakhiwo akusakwazi ukuba kwehlukaniswe nokuvuthwa kwesikhashana noma ukuvikelwa kwemishini. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-SPD athuthukisiwe kunikeza izindlela ezingabizi kakhulu zokuvikela ezivumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo ezibucayi ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-LEMP.