Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvikela amadivayisi we-SPD kuma-230-400 V amasistimu, imigomo nezincazelo

Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvikela amadivayisi we-SPD kuma-230-400 V amasistimu, imigomo nezincazelo

Ukuvikelwa kombani we-EMC - umqondo wezoni ngokuya nge-IEC 62305-4: 2010

I-Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ)

Izindawo ezingaphandle:
I-LPZ 0: Indawo lapho usongo lungenxa yenkambu ye-elektroni yombani ongasebenzi kahle nalapho amasistimu angaphakathi angafakwa khona njengamanje.

I-LPZ 0 ihlukaniswe yaba:
I-LPZ 0A: Indawo lapho usongo lubangelwa ukukhanya okuqondile kombani kanye nensimu egcwele umbani kagesi. Izinhlelo zangaphakathi zingabhekelwa njengamanje umbani wokugcwala kombani.
I-LPZ 0B: Indawo evikelwe emibani eqondile kodwa lapho usongo luyi-field full electromagnetic field. Izinhlelo zangaphakathi zingabhekana nemisinga yokwanda kombani ngokwengxenye.

Izindawo ezingaphakathi (zivikelwe emibani eqondile):
I-LPZ 1: Indawo lapho i-current surge ikhawulelwe ngokwabelana kwamanje nokuhlukanisa okwehlukile kanye / noma ngama-SPD emngceleni. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo kunganciphisa inkambu yombane kagesi.
I-LPZ 2… n: Indawo lapho amandla wokuqhuma angahle akhawulelwe ngokwabelana kwamanje
nokuhlukanisa izindawo zokuhlangana kanye / noma ngama-SPD angeziwe emngceleni. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo okwengeziwe kungasetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka kunciphise inkambu kagesi kagesi.

Imibandela Nezincazelo

Amadivayisi wokuvikela (SPDs)

Amadivayisi wokuvikela ikakhulukazi aqukethe ama-voltage-resistors (varistors, suppressor diode) kanye / noma ama-spark gaps (izindlela zokukhipha). Amadivayisi wokuvikela asetshenziswayo asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ezinye izinto zikagesi kanye nokufakwa kuma-surges aphezulu ngokungazelelwe kanye / noma ukusungula ukubopha kwe-equipotential. Amadivayisi wokuvikela ahlukaniswe ngezigaba:

a) ngokusetshenziswa kwabo ku:

• Khuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi namadivayisi wamabanga wamandla wamagama angafika ku-1000 V

- ngokusho kwe-EN 61643-11: 2012 ibe uhlobo 1/2/3 SPDs
- ngokusho kwe-IEC 61643-11: 2011 ekilasini I / II / III SPDs
Umndeni womkhiqizo we-LSP ku-EN 61643-11: 2012 entsha kanye ne-IEC 61643-11: 2011 standard izophothulwa ngokuhamba konyaka ka-2014.

• Khuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukufakwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi namadivayisi
  ukuvikela imishini yesimanjemanje ye-elekthronikhi kwezokuxhumana ngocingo nokusayina amanethiwekhi anezilinganiso eziphakeme ezifika ku-1000 Vac (inani elisebenzayo) kanye ne-1500 Vdc ngokumelene nemiphumela engaqondile nengaqondile yeziteleka zombani nezinye izinto zesikhashana.

- ngokusho kwe-IEC 61643-21: 2009 ne-EN 61643-21: 2010.

• Ukuhlukanisa izikhala ze-spark zezinhlelo zokuqedwa komhlaba noma i-equipotential bonding
  Khuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukuze usetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic
  yamandla kagesi afinyelela ku-1500 Vdc

- ngokuya nge-EN 61643-31: 2019 (EN 50539-11: 2013 izofakwa endaweni), IEC 61643-31: 2018 ibe uhlobo 1 + 2, thayipha 2 (Class I + II, Class II) SPDs

b) ngokuya kwamandla abo okukhipha amandla wamanje nomphumela wokuvikela ku:

• Ababanji bamanje ababani / ababanjiwe bamanje ababoshelwe ukuvikela ukufakwa kanye nemishini ekuphazanyisweni okuvela ezitelekeni zombani eziqondile noma eziseduze (ezifakwe emingceleni ephakathi kwe-LPZ 0A no-1).
• Ukwenyuka kokuboshwa kokuvikela ukufaka, okokusebenza, kanye namadivayisi wokugcina ngokumelene neziteleka zombani ezikude, ukushintsha ama-overvoltages kanye nokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic (efakwe emingceleni engezansi kwe-LPZ 0B).
• Ababanjiwe abahlanganisiwe ukuvikela ukufakwa, okokusebenza, kanye namadivayisi wokugcina ekuphazanyisweni okuvela ezitelekeni zombani eziqondile noma eziseduze (ezifakwe emingceleni phakathi kwe-LPZ 0A no-1 kanye no-0A no-2).

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yamadivayisi wokuvikela wokuqhuma

Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yamadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma ifaka imininingwane ngezimo zokuyisebenzisa ngokusho:

• Isicelo (isb. Ukufakwa, izimo zebhizinisi, izinga lokushisa
• Ukusebenza uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka (isb. Umfutho wamanje wokukhipha amandla, landela amandla okucisha wamanje, izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi, isikhathi sokuphendula)
• Ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza (isib. Ukuqanjwa kwamanje, ukunciphisa amandla, ukumelana nokuqina)
• Ukusebenza uma kwehluleka (isb. I-fuse yesipele, i-disconnector, i-failsafe, inketho yokufaka uphawu kude)

Amandla okuzisholo UN
Amandla kagesi aqokiwe amele amandla kagesi ohlelo okufanele avikelwe. Inani lamandla kagesi avamile lisebenza njengokuqokwa kohlobo lwamadivayisi wokuvikela ama-system wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Kuboniswa njengenani le-rms lezinhlelo ze-ac.

Ubuningi bokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamandla we-UC
Amandla okusebenza aphezulu aqhubekayo (amandla wokusebenza avunyelwe kakhulu) inani lama-rms wevolumu ephezulu engaxhunywa kumatheminali ahambisanayo wedivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lawa ngamandla aphezulu kumuntu obambayo osesimweni esichaziwe esingaqhubi, esibuyisela lowo oboshiwe emuva kulesi simo ngemuva kokuthi ekhubekile futhi esekhiphile. Inani le-UC lincike kumandla kagesi wohlelo okufanele avikelwe nemininingwane yesifaki (IEC 60364-5-534).

Ukukhishwa kwegama lomsebenzisi okwamanje
Okwamanje ukukhishwa kwamanani inani eliphakeme le-8/20 μs current impulse lapho idivayisi yokuvikela ekalwa khona ilinganiselwe kuhlelo oluthile lokuhlola nokuthi leyo divayisi yokuvikela ingakhipha kaningi.

Ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-Imax yamanje
Isikhathi samanje sokukhishwa esiphezulu yinani eliphakeme kakhulu le-8/20 μs current impulse lapho idivayisi ingakwazi ukuyikhipha ngokuphepha.

Umbani ushayela i-Iimp yamanje
I-current impulse current is a standard standard impulse current with a 10/350 μs form wave. Imingcele yayo (inani eliphakeme, ukukhokhisa, amandla athile) lingisa umthwalo obangelwe yimisinga yombani wemvelo. Umbani wamanje nababoshiwe abahlanganisiwe kumele bakwazi ukudedela imisinga yokushayela umbani kaningi ngaphandle kokubhujiswa.

Ukukhishwa okuphelele kwe-Itotal yamanje
Okwamanje okugeleza nge-PE, PEN noma ukuxhumana komhlaba kwe-SPD ye-multipole ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamanje kokukhishwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukunquma umthwalo ophelele uma okwamanje kugeleza ngasikhathi sinye ezindleleni eziningana zokuvikela ze-SPD ye-multipole. Le pharamitha inquma amandla okuphuma aphelele aphethwe ngokuthembekile yisamba sezindlela ngazinye ze-SPD.

Izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-Voltage UP
Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi lwedivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla wamandla kumatheminali wedivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma, enqunywa kusuka ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile komuntu ngamunye:
- I-lightning impulse sparkover voltage 1.2 / 50 μs (100%)
- Amandla we-Sparkover voltage ngezinga lokukhuphuka kwe-1kV / μs
- Kukalwa umkhawulo wamandla wamandla lapho kukhishwa igama okukhona ku-In
Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi libonisa amandla wedivayisi yokuvikela ukuqeda ukukhuphukela kuma-residual level. Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla lichaza indawo yokufaka maqondana nesigaba sevoltage ngokwe-IEC 60664-1 ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ukuze amadivayisi wokuvikela asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe bolwazi, izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi kufanele liguqulelwe ezingeni lokuzivikela kwemishini ezovikelwa (IEC 61000-4-5: 2001).

Isilinganiso samanje sesifunda esifushane ISCCR
Umkhawulo wamanje wesikhashana wesikhashana ovela kusistimu yamandla i-SPD, kuwo
Isihlanganisi esinqunyiwe sinqanyuliwe

Ikhono lokumelana nesifunda esifushane
Ikhono lokumelana nesekethe elifushane yinani lamandla esikhathi esifushane samandla-ombane aphethwe yidivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma lapho i-fuse yesipele ephezulu kakhulu ixhunywe ngomfula.

Isilinganiso sesikhashana esifushane ISCPV se-SPD kuhlelo lwe-photovoltaic (PV)
Isikhathi samanje sesikhashana esifushane esingenathonya i-SPD, iyodwa noma ngokuhlangana namadivayisi wayo wokunqamula, ekwazi ukumelana nawo.

Ukuqothuka kwesikhashana (TOV)
Ukuqubuka kwesikhashana kungahle kube khona kudivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda isikhathi esifushane ngenxa yephutha ohlelweni olunamandla amakhulu. Lokhu kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile kusuka kwesikhashana okubangelwe isiteleka sombani noma ukusebenza kokushintshwa, okungapheli isikhathi esingaphezu kuka-1 ms. I-amplitude UT nobude bale mali engaphezulu yesikhashana kucacisiwe ku-EN 61643-11 (200 ms, 5 s noma 120 min.) Futhi zivivinywa ngawodwa ama-SPD afanele ngokusethwa kohlelo (TN, TT, njll.). I-SPD inga (a) yehluleke ngokuthembekile (ukuphepha kwe-TOV) noma b) ibe yi-TOV-resistant (TOV standstand), okusho ukuthi isebenza ngokuphelele ngesikhathi nangesikhathi esilandelayo
ukuqhuma kwesikhashana.

Okwamanje umthwalo wamanje (owokuqanjwa wamanje) IL
Okwamanje umthwalo wokulayisha ubukhulu besikhathi esivumelekile bokusebenza obungagobhoza unomphela kumatheminali ahambisanayo.

Umqhubi wokuvikela i-IPE yamanje
Okwamanje okokuqhuba okokuvikela yikhona manje okugeleza ngokuxhuma kwe-PE lapho okokuvikela okuxhunyiwe kuxhunywe kumthamo wokusebenza ophakeme oqhubekayo we-UC, ngokwemiyalo yokufaka nangaphandle kwabasebenzisi bohlangothi.

I-fuse yesipele yokuvikela / yokubamba eseceleni kwamapayipi
Isisetshenziswa esivikela ngokweqile (isb. I-fuse noma i-breaker breaker) esendaweni engaphandle kwesibambi ngasohlangothini oluhluthisiwe ukuphazamisa imvamisa yokulandela amandla kagesi ngokushesha nje lapho amandla okwephuka kwensimbi yokuvikela ukuqhuma eyedlulisiwe. Ayikho i-fuse yesipele eyengeziwe edingekayo ngoba i-fuse yokusekelayo isivele ihlanganiswe ku-SPD (bheka isigaba esifanele).

Ukusebenza kwebanga lokushisa kwe-TU
Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo libonisa ibanga lapho amadivayisi angasetshenziswa khona. Kumadivayisi angafudumezi, ilingana nebanga lokushisa elikhona. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lamadivayisi wokuzifudumeza akumele kweqe inani eliphakeme elibonisiwe.

Isikhathi sokuphendula
Izikhathi zokuphendula ikakhulukazi ziveza ukusebenza kwempendulo yezakhi zokuvikela ngazinye ezisetshenziswe ekuboshweni. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhuphuka kwe-du / dt samandla we-impulse noma i-di / dt yamanje wempembelelo, izikhathi zokuphendula zingahluka ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile.

Isixhumi esinqamulayo
Amadivayisi wokuvikela asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kukagesi ezinama-resistors alawulwa ugesi (ama-varistors) ikakhulukazi afaka i-disconnector eshisayo ehlanganisiwe enqamula insimbi yokuvikela ukuqhuma kuma-mains uma kwenzeka kugcwala ngokweqile futhi kukhombisa lesi simo sokusebenza. Isinqamuli siphendula "ukushisa kwamanje" okwenziwe i-varistor egcwele ngokweqile futhi sinqamule okokuvikela okuqhamukayo kuma-mains uma izinga lokushisa elithile lidluliwe. I-disconnector yenzelwe ukunqamula okokuvikela okugcwala ngokweqile ngesikhathi ukuvikela umlilo. Akuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa ekuthintaneni okungaqondile. Umsebenzi walezi zinto ezinqamulelayo ezishisayo ungahlolwa ngokusebenzisa ukugcwala ngokweqile / ukuguga okwenziwe ababoshiwe.

Oxhumana naye osayina kude
Oxhumana naye osayina kude uvumela ukuqapha okukude okulula nokukhombisa isimo sokusebenza sedivayisi. Ifaka ukuphela kwamapali amathathu ngesimo soxhumana noshintsho ezintantayo. Lokhu kuxhumana kungasetshenziswa njengekhefu kanye / noma ukuxhumana, ngakho-ke kungahlanganiswa kalula ohlelweni lokulawula ukwakhiwa, isilawuli seKhabhinethi yokushintsha, njll.

Ukuboshwa kwe-N-PE
Amadivayisi wokuvikela akhelwe kuphela ukufakwa phakathi komqhubi we-N no-PE.

Inhlanganisela wave
Igagasi lenhlanganisela likhiqizwa yi-hybrid generator (1.2 / 50 μs, 8/20 μs) ene-impedance yamanga ka-2 Ω. Amandla kagesi avulekile ale generator abizwa nge-UOC. I-UOC iyinkomba encanyelwayo yokubanjwa kohlobo lwe-3 ngoba yilaba ababoshiwe kuphela abangahlolwa ngegagasi elihlanganisiwe (ngokusho kwe-EN 61643-11).

I-Degree yokuvikela
Izinga lokuvikelwa le-IP lihambelana nezigaba zokuvikela ezichazwe ku-IEC 60529.

Uhlu lwamaphutha
Ibanga lemvamisa limelela ibanga lokudlulisa noma imvamisa yokusika yesiboshwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuncishiswa ezichaziwe.

Isifunda sokuvikela
Amasekethe avikelayo aneziteji ezahlukahlukene, amadivayisi wokuvikela ahlaselwe. Izigaba zokuvikela ngazinye zingaqukatha izikhala ze-spark, ama-varistors, ama-semiconductor element kanye namashubhu wokukhipha igesi.

Buyisela ukulahleka
Kuzicelo ezinemvamisa ephezulu, ukulahleka kokubuyisa kubhekise ezingxenyeni eziningi zamaza "ahamba phambili" akhonjiswa kudivayisi evikelayo (indawo yokuqhuma). Lesi yisilinganiso esiqonde ngqo sokuthi ithuluzi lokuvikela lihambisana kanjani ne-impedance yesici yohlelo.

Kucashunwe ku-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61643-11-2011 Amadivayisi wokuvikela amandla amancane - Ingxenye 11 Amadivayisi wokuvikela amadivayisi axhumeke kumasistimu amandla kagesi anamandla aphansi - Izidingo nezindlela zokuhlola [I-Edition 1.0 2011-03]

Imigomo, izincazelo, nezifinyezo

Imigomo nezincazelo
3.1.1
qhuma idivayisi yokuvikela i-SPD
idivaysi equkethe okungenani into eyodwa engekho emgqeni ehloselwe ukukhawulela ukuqhuma kwamandla
futhi uphambukise imisinga yokwanda
QAPHELA: I-SPD iyinhlangano ephelele, enezindlela ezifanele zokuxhuma.

3.1.2
ichweba elilodwa le-SPD
I-SPD ingenayo impedance yochungechunge ehlosiwe
QAPHELA: I-port eyodwa ye-SPD ingahle ibe nokuxhumana okwehlukile nokukhiphayo.

3.1.3
i-port SPD emibili
I-SPD enochungechunge oluthile lwe-impedance exhunywe phakathi kokuxhumana okuhlukile nokuxhuma kokukhipha

3.1.4
uhlobo lokushintsha kwamandla we-SPD
I-SPD ene-impedance ephezulu lapho kungekho ukuqhuma okukhona, kepha ingaba noshintsho olungazelelwe lwe-impedance kunani eliphansi ekuphenduleni ukuqhuma kwamandla
QAPHELA: Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezinto ezisetshenziswa ekushintsheni kohlobo lwama-SPDs izikhala ze-spark, amashubhu kagesi nama-thyristors. Lezi ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "izingxenye zohlobo lwe-crowbar".

3.1.5
uhlobo lokukhawulela kwamandla kagesi i-SPD
I-SPD ene-impedance ephezulu lapho kungekho kuqhuma okukhona, kepha izoyinciphisa ngokuqhubekayo nge
ukukhuphuka kwamanje namandla kagesi
QAPHELA: Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezinto ezisetshenziswa kumandla we-voltage limited SPDs ngama-varistor kanye ne-avalanche breakdown diode. Lezi ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi “uhlobo lokunamathela”.

3.1.6
inhlanganisela yohlobo lwe-SPD
I-SPD efaka zombili, izingxenye ezishintsha amandla kagesi nezakhi zokunciphisa amandla kagesi.
I-SPD ingabonisa ukushintsha kwamandla, ukukhawulela noma kokubili

3.1.7
uhlobo lokujikeleza okwesikhashana i-SPD
I-SPD ihlolwe ngokuya ngezivivinyo zeClass II eziguqula isimo sazo kube yisikhashana esifinyeziwe sangaphakathi ngenxa yesilinganiso samanje esedlula ukukhishwa kwaso kwamanje

3.1.8
imodi yokuvikela i-SPD
indlela yamanje ehlosiwe, ephakathi kwamatheminali aqukethe izinto zokuvikela, isb line-toline, line-to-earth, line-to-neutral, neutral-to-earth.

3.1.9
ukukhishwa okuncane kwamanje kokuhlolwa kwekilasi II Ku
inani le-crest lamanje nge-SPD eline-waveshape yamanje engu-8/20

3.1.10
ukukhipha umfutho wamanje ekilasini ngivivinya i-Iimp
inani le-crest lokukhishwa kwamanje nge-SPD ngokudluliswa kwenkokhiso okucacisiwe namandla acacisiwe W / R ngesikhathi esibekiwe

3.1.11
umthamo wokusebenza oqhubekayo omkhulu we-UC
amandla aphezulu we-rms voltage, angaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kumodi yokuvikela ye-SPD
QAPHELA: Inani le-UC elimbozwe yileli zinga lingadlula i-1 000 V.

3.1.12
landela i-If yamanje
inani lamanje eliphakeme elihlinzekwa uhlelo lwamandla kagesi futhi lugeleza nge-SPD ngemuva kokukhipha umfutho wamanje

3.1.13
umthwalo olinganisiwe wamanje IL
ama-rms alinganisiwe aphezulu kakhulu manje anganikezwa kumthwalo wokuphikiswa oxhunywe kuwo
ukukhishwa okuvikelwe kwe-SPD

3.1.14
izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla UP
amandla amakhulu kulindelwe ezikhumulweni ze-SPD ngenxa yengcindezi yomfutho onamandla we-voltage steepness kanye nengcindezi yomfutho ngokukhishwa kwamanje nge-amplitude enikeziwe ne-waveshape
QAPHELA: Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi linikezwa ngumkhiqizi futhi angeke leqe nge:
- amandla kagesi alinganiselwe, anqunyelwe i-front-of-wave sparkover (uma ikhona) namandla alinganiselwe anomkhawulo, anqunywa kusuka ezilinganisweni zamandla asele e-amplitudes ahambisana ne-In kanye / noma i-Iimp ngokulandelana kwezigaba zokuhlola II no / noma mina;
- amandla wokulinganisa alinganiselwe e-UOC, anqunyelwe igagasi lenhlanganisela yesigaba sokuhlola III.

3.1.15
kulinganiswa amandla okulinganisela
inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla wamandla alinganiswa kuwo wonke ama-terminals we-SPD ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa imizwa ye-waveshape ebekiwe nobukhulu bayo

3.1.16
amandla asalayo Ures
inani lamandla kagesi avela phakathi kwamatheminali we-SPD ngenxa yokudlula kokukhishwa kwamanje

3.1.17
inani lokuhlolwa kwe-overvoltage yesikhashana UT
i-voltage yokuhlola isetshenziswe ku-SPD isikhathi esithile se-tT, ukulingisa ukucindezeleka ngaphansi kwezimo ze-TOV

3.1.18
ukukhuphuka kohlangothi lokulayisha kumelana namandla we-SPD yamachweba amabili
ikhono le-SPD elinamachweba amabili ukumelana nama-surges kumatheminali wokukhipha avela kuma-circry engezansi kwe-SPD

3.1.19
izinga lokuphakama kwamandla we-SPD yamachweba amabili
isilinganiso sokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi nesikhathi esilinganiswe kumatheminali wokukhipha we-port SPD emibili ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlolwa ezicacisiwe

3.1.20
I-1,2 / 50 voltage umfutho
umfutho wevolthi onesikhathi sokuphamba esibonakalayo se-1,2 μs nesikhathi sokuqokwa senani lenani lama-50 μs
QAPHELA: Isigaba sesi-6 se-IEC 60060-1 (1989) sichaza izincazelo zamandla wevolthi yesikhathi sangaphambi, isikhathi kuya ku -valvalue kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-waveshape.

3.1.21
8/20 umfutho wamanje
umfutho wamanje onesikhathi esibonakalayo esiphambili se-8 μs nesikhathi sokuqokwa senani lenani lama-20 μs
QAPHELA: Isigaba sesi-8 se-IEC 60060-1 (1989) sichaza izincazelo zamanje zomfutho zesikhathi sangaphambili, isikhathi kuya kunani lenani kanye nokubekezelelana kwama-waveshape.

3.1.22
inhlanganisela wave
igagasi elibonakaliswa yi-voltage amplitude (UOC) ne-waveshape ngaphansi kwezimo ezivulekile zesekethe kanye ne-amplitude yamanje echaziwe (ICW) ne-waveshape ngaphansi kwezimo zesikhashana
QAPHELA: Amandla we-voltage, i-amplitude yamanje ne-waveform ehanjiswa ku-SPD kunqunywa yinhlanganisela ye-wave generator (CWG) impedance Zf kanye ne-impedance ye-DUT.
3.1.23
i-voltage yesifunda evulekile ye-UOC
vula amandla wesifunda we-generator wave wave lapho kuxhunywa khona idivayisi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa

3.1.24
inhlanganisela ye-wave generator short-circuit yamanje ICW
abazoba khona njengama-short-circuit current of the combination wave generator, lapho kuxhunywa khona idivayisi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa
QAPHELA: Lapho i-SPD ixhunywe kwinhlanganisela ye-wave generator, i-current egeleza ngedivayisi ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwe-ICW.

3.1.25
ukuzinza okushisayo
I-SPD izinze ngokomzimba uma, ngemuva kokufudumeza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komsebenzi, izinga lokushisa lincipha ngesikhathi ngenkathi inikwa amandla kumthamo wokusebenza oqhubekayo ocacisiwe nasezimeni zokushisa ezibekiwe

3.1.26
ukonakala (kokusebenza)
ukuhamba okungafuneki unomphela ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kwemishini noma uhlelo kusuka ekusebenzeni okuhlosiwe

3.1.27
isilinganiso samanje sesifunda esifushane ISCCR
Umkhawulo wamanje wesikhashana wesikhathi esifushane ovela ohlelweni lwamandla i-SPD, ngokubambisana ne-disconnector eshiwo, ulinganiselwe i-Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

3.1.28
Isinqamuli se-SPD (isinqamuleli)
idivayisi yokunqamula i-SPD, noma ingxenye ye-SPD, kusuka kusistimu yamandla
QAPHELA: Le divayisi yokunqamula akudingeki ukuthi ibe namandla okuhlukanisa izinjongo zokuphepha. Ukuvikela iphutha eliqhubekayo kuhlelo futhi kusetshenziselwa ukunikeza inkomba yokwehluleka kwe-SPD. Ama-disconnectors angaba ngaphakathi (akhelwe ngaphakathi) noma angaphandle (adingwa ngumenzi). Kungaba nemisebenzi engaphezu kweyodwa ye-disconnector, ngokwesibonelo umsebenzi wokuvikela owedlule kakhulu nomsebenzi wokuvikela oshisayo. Le misebenzi ingaba ngamayunithi ahlukene.

3.1.29
izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-IP ebiyelwe
ukuhlukaniswa okwandulelwe uphawu lwe-IP olukhombisa ubukhulu bokuvikelwa okuhlinzekwa yindawo ebiyelwe ekufinyeleleni izingxenye eziyingozi, ekungeneni kwezinto eziqinile zangaphandle kanye nokungena kwamanzi okuyingozi

3.1.30
uhlobo lokuhlola
ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwenziwa entweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezimele umkhiqizo [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-16]

3.1.31
ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile
ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ku-SPD ngayinye noma ezingxenyeni nasezintweni ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezincazelo zedizayini [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-17, modified]

3.1.32
izivivinyo zokwamukela
ukuhlolwa kwenkontileka ukufakazela ikhasimende ukuthi into ihlangabezana nezimo ezithile zokucaciswa kwayo [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-23]

3.1.33
inethiwekhi yokuqothula
isifunda sikagesi okuhloswe ngaso ukuvimbela amandla wokuqhuma ekusatshalalisweni kwinethiwekhi yamandla ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okunamandla kwama-SPD
QAPHELA: Lesi sifunda sikagesi kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "isihlungi sangemuva".

3.1.34
Isigaba sokuhlolwa komfutho

3.1.34.1
ukuhlolwa kwekilasi I
ukuhlolwa okwenziwe nge-Impulse discharge yamanje Iimp, ngomfutho wamanje ongu-8/20 onenani le-crest elilingana nenani le-crest le-Iimp, kanye ne-1,2 / 50 voltage impulse

3.1.34.2
ukuhlolwa kwekilasi II
izivivinyo ezenziwa ngokukhishwa kwamanje kwe-In, kanye nomfutho wamandla we-1,2 / 50

3.1.34.3
ukuhlolwa kwekilasi III
izivivinyo ezenziwa nge-1,2 / 50 voltage - 8/20 i-generator wave wave

3.1.35
insali yamanje yedivayisi ye-RCD
ukushintsha idivayisi noma amadivayisi ahambisanayo ahlose ukudala ukuvulwa kwesekethe yamandla lapho okusalayo noma okungalingani kuthola inani elinikeziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile

3.1.36
i-sparkover voltage ye-voltage switching SPD
inamba yamandla we-voltage switching SPD
inani lamanani amakhulu lapho ushintsho olungazelelwe olusuka phezulu luya kwe-impedance ephansi luqala i-voltage switching SPD

3.1.37
amandla athile ekilasini I test W / R.
amandla aqedwa ukumelana kweyunithi okungu-1 Ώ ngokukhipha umfutho i-Iimp yamanje
QAPHELA: Lokhu kulingana nesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwesikwele samanje (W / R = ∫ i 2d t).

3.1.38
abakhona njengamanje-wesekethe wamanje we-IP yokuphakelwa kwamandla
i-current ezogobhoza endaweni enikezwe isekethe uma yayifinyezwa okwesikhashana kuleyo ndawo ngesixhumanisi se-impedance enganakwa
QAPHELA: Lesi sikhathi samanje esilinganiselwe sikhonjiswa ngenani laso lama-rms.

3.1.39
landela isilinganiso sokuphazamiseka samanje i-Ifi
okuzoba khona njengamanje okujikeleza okufishane lapho i-SPD ikwazi ukuphazamisa ngaphandle kokusebenza kwesixhumi

3.1.40
insalela yamanje IPE
yamanje egeleza esikhumulweni se-PE se-SPD ngenkathi inikwe amandla kumandla wokuhlola wesithenjwa (UREF) lapho ixhunywe ngokwemiyalo yomkhiqizi

3.1.41
inkomba yesimo
idivayisi ekhombisa isimo sokusebenza se-SPD, noma ingxenye ye-SPD.
QAPHELA: Izinkomba ezinjalo zingaba ezasendaweni ezinama-alamu abukwayo kanye / noma ezwakalayo kanye / noma angaba nokusayina okukude kanye / noma namandla wokuxhumana okuphumayo.

3.1.42
oxhumana naye wokukhipha
oxhumana naye ofakiwe kwisekethe elihlukanisiwe nesekethe eliyinhloko le-SPD, futhi lixhunywe kunqamuli noma inkomba yesimo

3.1.43
i-SPD eminingi
uhlobo lwe-SPD ngezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokuvikela, noma inhlanganisela yama-SPD axhunywe ngogesi anikezwa njengeyunithi

3.1.44
ukukhishwa okuphelele kwe-ITotal yamanje
yamanje egeleza nge-PE noma i-PEN conductor ye-SPD yama-multipole ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamanje kokukhishwa
QAPHELA 1: Inhloso ukubheka imiphumela eqoqekayo eyenzeka lapho izindlela eziningi zokuvikelwa kokuziphatha kwe-multipole SPD ngasikhathi sinye.
QAPHELA 2: I-ITotal ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-SPD ahlolwe ngokuya nge-test class I, futhi isetshenziselwa inhloso yokuvikela umbani i-equipotential bonding ngokusho kochungechunge lwe-IEC 62305.

3.1.45
i-reference test voltage UREF
inani le-rms lamandla kagesi asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa ancike kwimodi yokuvikelwa kwe-SPD, i-voltage system yohlelo, ukumiswa kwesistimu kanye nomthethonqubo we-voltage ngaphakathi kohlelo
QAPHELA: Umthamo wokuhlolwa kwesithenjwa ukhethwe ku-Annex A ngokususelwe kulwazi olunikezwe ngumenzi ngokusho kuka-7.1.1 b8).

3.1.46
isilinganiso sokukhuphuka samanje sohlobo lokujikeleza okufushane i-SPD Itrans
8/20 inani lamanje lokucindezela elidlula inani lokukhishwa kwamanje ku-In, elizodala uhlobo olunqamulelayo lwe-SPD lube yisifunda esifushane

3.1.47
I-Voltage yokucaciswa kwemvume i-Umax
amandla alinganiswe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufaka izicelo ngokusho kwe-8.3.3 yokunquma imvume

3.1.48
ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yamanje
inani le-crest lamanje nge-SPD eline-8/20 waveshape nobukhulu ngokuya
kuya kubakhiqizi. Imax ilingana noma inkulu kune-In

3.2 Izifinyezo

Ithebula 1 - Uhlu lwezifinyezo

4 Imibandela yokusebenza
Imvamisa eyikhulu
Ububanzi bemvamisa busuka ku-47 Hz kuye ku-63 Hz ac

I-Voltage engu-4.2
I-voltage isetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwamatheminali wedivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda (SPD)
akumele yeqe ukusebenza kwayo okuqhubekayo okunamandla kagesi UC.

Ukucindezela komoya nokuphakama
Ukucindezela komoya kungu-80 kPa kuya ku-106 kPa. Lawa mavelu amele ukuphakama kwama- + 2 000 m kuya -500 m, ngokulandelana.

4.4 Amazinga okushisa

• ububanzi obujwayelekile: –5 ° C kuye +40 ° C
  QAPHELA: Lolu hlu lubhekela ama-SPD okusetshenziswa endlini ezindaweni ezivikelwe yisimo sezulu ezingenakho ukushisa noma ukulawula umswakama futhi lihambisana nezimpawu zamakhodi wangaphandle wekhodi AB4 ku-IEC 60364-5-51.
• ububanzi obunwetshiwe: -40 ° C kuye ku- + 70 ° C
  QAPHELA: Lolu hlu lubhekela ama-SPD ukuze asetshenziswe ngaphandle ezindaweni ezingavikelekile sezulu.

4.5 Umswakama

• ububanzi obujwayelekile: 5% kuye ku-95%
  QAPHELA Lolu hlu lubhekela ama-SPD okusetshenziswa endlini ezindaweni ezivikelwe yisimo sezulu ezingenawo amazinga okushisa noma okuswakama futhi ahambelana nezimpawu zamakhodi wangaphandle wekhodi AB4 ku-IEC 60364-5-51.
• ububanzi obunwetshiwe: 5% kuya ku-100%
  QAPHELA Lolu hlu lubhekela ama-SPD ukuze asetshenziswe ngaphandle ezindaweni ezingavikelekile sezulu.

5 Ukwahlukanisa
Ukwenziwa kuzohlukanisa ama-SPD ngokuya ngamapharamitha alandelayo.
5.1 Inani lamachweba
5.1.1 Eyodwa
5.1.2 Two
Idizayini ye-5.2 SPD
5.2.1 Ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi
5.2.2 Ukukhawulelwa kwamandla kagesi
5.2.3 Inhlanganisela
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Class I, II no-III
Imininingwane edingekayo yokuhlolwa kwekilasi I, ikilasi II kanye nekilasi III inikezwa kuThebula 2.

Ithebula 2 - Ukuhlolwa kweClass I, II no-III