Izidingo Zokufakwa Kukagesi, Imithethonqubo ye-IET Wiring, Edition Eighteenth, BS 7671: 2018

Amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Surge (SPDs) kanye neMithethonqubo ye-18th Edition

Ukufika kwe-18th Edition ye-IET Wiring Regulations kubuye kulolonge kabusha isimo somthetho senkontileka kagesi. Amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Surge (SPDs) aklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi nokuba namandla kagesi amaningi ngokweqile kulimaza ingqalasizinda yokufaka izintambo.

Izidingo ze-18th Edition zokuvikelwa kokuqhuma

Ukufika kwe-18th Edition ye-IET Wiring Regulations kubuye kulolonge kabusha isimo somthetho senkontileka kagesi. Ziningi izindawo ezibalulekile ezihlolisisiwe zabuyekezwa; phakathi kwazo kukhona udaba lokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka namadivayisi aklanyelwe ukunciphisa noma iziphi izingozi zamandla okweqisa. Amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Surge (SPDs) aklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi nokuba namandla kagesi amaningi ngokweqile kulimaza ingqalasizinda yokufaka izintambo. Uma kwenzeka umcimbi we-over-voltage, i-SPD iphambukisa ukugeleza kwamanje okweqile okuholela eMhlabeni.

Umthethonqubo 443.4 udinga, (ngaphandle ngezindawo zokuhlala ezilodwa lapho inani eliphelele lokufakwa kanye nemishini ekulo kungathetheleli ukuvikelwa okunjalo), lokho kuvikelwa emithambekeni eyeqile yesikhashana kunikezwa lapho umphumela obangelwe yi-over-voltage ungadala ukulimala okukhulu, ukulimala ezindaweni ezizwelayo ngokwamasiko, ukuphazanyiswa kokuhlinzekwa noma okuthinta inani elikhulu labantu abatholakala ndawonye noma ukulahleka kwempilo.

Kufanele kufakwe nini ukuvikelwa kokuqina?

Kukho konke okunye ukufaka kufanele kwenziwe ubungozi ukuthola ukuthi ama-SPD kufanele afakwe yini. Lapho kungenziwa ukuhlolwa kobungozi, ama-SPD kufanele afakwe. Ukufakwa kukagesi ezakhiweni zokuhlala okukodwa akudingeki ukuthi kufakwe ama-SPD, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwawo akuvinjelwe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi engxoxweni neklayenti amadivayisi anjalo afakiwe, kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi obuhambisana nokuhamba ngamandla okungaphezulu kwesikhashana.

Lokhu yinto osonkontileka abangakaze bayicabangele phambilini, futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi ibhekwe, ngokwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuqedwa kwephrojekthi kanye nezengezo zezindleko zekhasimende. Noma iyiphi imishini ye-elekthronikhi ingahle ibe sengozini yemithamo eyeqile yesikhashana, engadalwa wumbani noma umcimbi wokushintsha. Lokhu kudala i-voltage spike ekhuphula ubukhulu begagasi kuma-volts angaba yizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungadala ukulimala okubizayo futhi okusheshayo noma kwehlise kakhulu into yempilo yemishini.

Isidingo sama-SPDs sizoncika ezintweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinga lokuchayeka kwesakhiwo ezintanjeni zombane ezibangelwa umbani, ukuzwela nokubaluleka kwemishini, uhlobo lwemishini esetshenzisiwe ngaphakathi kokufakwa, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini okokufaka ngaphakathi kokufaka okungakhiqiza izintambo zamandla kagesi. Ngenkathi ukuguquka kwesibopho sokuhlolwa kobungozi okuwela kosonkontileka kungamangaza abaningi, ngokuthola ukwesekwa okuyikho bangakwazi ukuhlanganisa lo msebenzi ngaphandle komthungo emsebenzini wabo wendabuko futhi baqinisekise ukuhambisana nemithetho emisha.

Amadivayisi we-LSP Surge Protection

I-LSP inezinhlobo zamathuluzi okuvikela ukuhlinzekwa kohlobo 1 no-2 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhambisana neMithethonqubo ye-18th Edition. Ngeminye imininingwane ngama-SPDs nokuvakashelwa kobubanzi be-LSP Electrical: www.lp-internationa.com

Vakashela i-18th Edition I-BS 7671: 2018 mahhala, imihlahlandlela elandekayo ekushintsheni komthetho okhiye we-BS 76:71. Kufaka imininingwane ngokukhethwa kwe-RCD, Ukutholwa Kwephutha le-Arc, Ukuphathwa Kwentambo, Ukushaja Izimoto Zikagesi, kanye Nokuvikelwa Kokuqubuka. Landa le mihlahlandlela iqonde kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ukuze ukwazi ukuyifunda noma nini nanoma kuphi.

Izidingo Zokufakwa Kukagesi, Imithethonqubo ye-IET Wiring, Edition Eighteenth, BS 7671: 2018

Imithetho ye-IET Wiring inesithakazelo kubo bonke labo abathintekayo ngokwakhiwa, ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa kwezintambo zikagesi ezakhiweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abasebenza ngogesi, osonkontileka bakagesi, abaxhumanisi, iziphathimandla zendawo, abahloli bezakhiwo kanye nabakhi bezakhiwo. Le ncwadi izophinde ibe nesithakazelo konjiniyela abangochwepheshe, nakwabafundi baseyunivesithi nasemakolishi okuqhubeka nemfundo.

I-18th Edition ye-IET Wiring Regulations eyashicilelwa ngoJulayi 2018 futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2019. Izinguquko ezisuka kuhlelo lwangaphambilini zifaka izidingo eziphathelene neSurge Protection Devices, Arc Fault Detection Devices kanye nokufakwa kwemishini yokushaja imoto kagesi kanye nezinye izindawo eziningi .

Ngabe i-18th Edition izokushintsha kanjani ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwabafaki bakagesi?

Uhlelo lwe-18th lwezimiso ze-IET Wiring selufikile, luletha izinto eziningi ezintsha zabafaki bakagesi ukuthi bazi futhi benze ingxenye yosuku lwabo usuku nosuku.

Manje sesinenyanga eyodwa esikhathini sokulungiswa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha sabasebenza ngogesi ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi banakho konke okuhlelekile. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1 2019 ukufakwa kufanele kuhambisane ngokuphelele nemithethonqubo emisha, okusho ukuthi wonke umsebenzi kagesi owenziwa kusukela ngoDisemba 31st 2018 kumele uthobele imithetho emisha.

Ngokuhambisana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe bamuva kanye nedatha yezobuchwepheshe ebuyekeziwe, imithethonqubo emisha ihlose ukwenza ukufakwa kuphephe kubo bobabili abasebenza ngogesi nomsebenzisi wokugcina, kanye nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla.

Zonke izinguquko zibalulekile, kepha sikhethe amaphuzu amane abalulekile esicabanga ukuthi athakazelisa kakhulu:

1: Metal Ikhebula Usekela

Imithethonqubo njengamanje ichaza ukuthi kuphela ikhebula elisemizileni yokuphunyuka emlilweni okufanele lisekelwe ekuweni kokuqala ngaphambi komlilo. Imithethonqubo emisha manje isifuna ukuthi kulungiswe izinsimbi, esikhundleni sezipulasitiki, kusetshenziselwe ukuxhasa zonke izintambo lonke ukufaka, ukunciphisa ubungozi kubagibeli noma abacimi bomlilo ezintanjeni eziwayo ngenxa yokuhluleka kokulungiswa kwentambo.

2: Ukufakwa kwamadivayisi wokuthola iphutha le-Arc

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi izakhiwo zase-UK manje sezinemishini eminingi kagesi kuzo kunanini ngaphambili, futhi imililo kagesi yenzeka cishe ngezinga elifanayo unyaka nonyaka, ukufakwa kwama-Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs) ukukala ubungozi bomlilo kwezinye izifunda bekulokhu kwethulwe.

Imililo kagesi edalwa amaphutha e-arc ivame ukwenzeka lapho kunqanyulwa khona okuncane, ukuxhumana okuxekethile, yize kugugile futhi kuhluleka ukwahlukanisa noma kukhebula elonakele. Lawa ma-AFDD abucayi anganciphisa amathuba emililo kagesi evela kuma-arcs ngokuthola kusenesikhathi nokuzihlukanisa.

Ukufakwa kwama-AFDD kwaqala e-US eminyakeni eminingana edlule, futhi kube nokuncipha kwemililo ehlobene cishe nge-10%.

3.Zonke izisekelo ze-AC ezilinganiselwe kufika ku-32A manje zidinga ukuvikelwa kwe-RCD

Ama-Residual Current Devices (RCDs) ahlala eqapha amandla kagesi kumasekethe awavikelayo futhi ahambise isifunda uma kutholwa ukugeleza ngendlela engahlosiwe eya emhlabeni-njengomuntu.

Lawa ngamadivayisi okuphepha kwempilo futhi angaba isibuyekezo esisindisa impilo. Phambilini, wonke amasokhethi alinganiselwe ku-20A ayedinga ukuvikelwa kwe-RCD, kepha lokhu kunwetshiwe emzameni wokunciphisa ukushaqeka kukagesi kubafaki abasebenza ngezindawo ezibukhoma ze-AC. Izophinda ivikele umsebenzisi wokugcina ezimweni lapho intambo yonakele noma isikiwe khona futhi abaqhubi ababukhoma bangathintwa ngengozi, kubangele ukuthi manje kugelezele emhlabeni.

Ukuvimbela i-RCD ukuthi ingagcwaliswa yifomu lamaza okumanje, noma kunjalo, kunakekelwa kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-RCD efanelekile.

4: Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla

Okusalungiswa kwesibuyekezo se-18th Edition kufake isigatshana ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla kokulungiswa kukagesi. Ohlwini lokugcina olushicilelwe, lokhu kuguqulwe kwaba izincomo ezigcwele, ezitholakala kwiSithasiselo 17. Lokhu kuqaphela isidingo ezweni lonke sokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla jikelele.

Izincomo ezintsha zisikhuthaza ukuthi sisebenzise wonke ugesi ngokugcwele, ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Sekukonke, izinqubo zokufaka ezibuyekeziwe zingadinga ukutshalwa kwemali kumishini emisha, futhi nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kepha, uma kusebenza iphrojekthi entsha yokwakha, ngokwesibonelo, abasebenza ngogesi manje bangaba namathuba okuthatha izindima eziholayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iphrojekthi ihambisana nemithetho emisha

I-18th Edition iletha inqubekela phambili entsha ekufakweni okuphephile nezikhala eziphephile zabasebenzisi bokugcina. Siyazi ukuthi abasebenza ngogesi kulo lonke elase-UK basebenza kanzima ukulungiselela lezi zinguquko futhi sifuna ukwazi ukuthi yini ocabanga ukuthi izokuthinta kakhulu nokuthi wenzani ukwenza ushintsho lube bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-BS 7671

Qinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wakho uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zikagesi ku-Regulations Work 1989.

I-BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations) ibeka amazinga wokufakwa kukagesi e-UK nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. IET isebenzisana ngokushicilela i-BS 7671 neBritish Standards Institution (BSI) futhi iyigunya ekufakweni kukagesi.

Cishe i-BS 7671

I-IET iphethe ikomidi le-JPEL / 64, (ikomidi likazwelonke leMithetho Yezintambo), elinabamele abavela ezinhlanganweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Ikomidi lithatha imininingwane yebhodi evela kumakomidi wamazwe omhlaba kanye nezidingo ezithile zase-UK, ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha kuyo yonke imboni kagesi yase-UK.

Uhlelo lwe-18

Imithetho ye-18th Edition IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671: 2018) ishicilelwe ngoJulayi 2018. Konke ukufakwa kukagesi okusha kuzodinga ukuhambisana ne-BS 7671: 2018 kusuka ngomhlaka 1 Januwari 2019.

Ukusiza imboni ukusebenzisa izidingo ze-BS 7671, nokuthola ulwazi olusha nge-18th Edition, i-IET inikeza inqwaba yezinsizakusebenza, kusuka ezintweni zokuqondisa, imicimbi kanye nokuqeqeshwa, ukukhulula imininingwane efana neWiring Matters magazine online. Bona amabhokisi angezansi ukuthola eminye imininingwane kuhla lwemithombo yethu.

Izinguquko ze-18th edition

Uhlu olulandelayo luhlinzeka ngokubuka konke kwezinguquko ezinkulu ngaphakathi kwe-18th Edition I-Regulations Wiring Regulations (ishicilela i-2 Julayi 2018). Lolu hlu aluphelelanga njengoba kunezinguquko eziningi ezincane kuyo yonke incwadi engafakiwe lapha.

I-BS 7671: Izidingo ze-2018 Zokufakwa Kukagesi zizokhishwa ngomhlaka 2 Julayi 2018 futhi kuhloswe ukuthi ziqale ukusebenza nge-1 Januwari 2019.

Ukufakwa okwenzelwe ngemuva komhlaka-31 Disemba 2018 kuzofanela kuthobele i-BS 7671: 2018.

Imithethonqubo isebenza ekwakhiweni, ekwakheni nasekuqinisekisweni kokufakwa kukagesi, futhi okungeziwe nokuguqulwa kokufakwa okukhona. Ukufaka okukhona okufakiwe ngokulandela izinhlobo zangaphambilini zeMithethonqubo kungahle kungahambisani nalolu hlobo ngazo zonke izindlela. Lokhu akusho ukuthi akuphephile ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo noma kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono.

Isifinyezo sezinguquko ezinkulu sinikezwa ngezansi. (Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele).

Ingxenye 1 Ububanzi, into kanye nemigomo eyisisekelo

Umthethonqubo 133.1.3 (Ukukhethwa kwemishini) kushintshiwe futhi manje kudinga isitatimende kuSitifiketi Sokufakwa Kukagesi.

Ingcenye 2 Incazelo

Izincazelo zinwetshiwe futhi zaguqulwa.

Isahluko 41 Ukuvikelwa ekushayweni ugesi

Isigaba 411 siqukethe izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile. Ezinye zezinto eziphambili zibalulwe ngezansi:

Amapayipi ensimbi angena esakhiweni anengxenye evikela lapho angena khona akudingeki ukuthi axhunywe ku-equipotential bonding (Umthethonqubo 411.3.1.2).

Izikhathi ezinqamule kakhulu zokunqanyulwa ezishiwo kuThebula 41.1 manje sezisebenza kuma-circuits wokugcina aze afike ku-63 A ngesokhethi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kanye no-32 A wamasekethe wokugcina ahlinzeka kuphela ngezinto zokusebenza ezixhunyiwe ezixhunywe njengamanje (Umthethonqubo 411.3.2.2).

Umthethonqubo 411.3.3 ubuyekeziwe futhi manje ususebenza ezitolo ezinezisekelo ezinezilinganiso ezilinganisiwe ezingeqile ku-32A. Kukhona okuhlukile ukushiya ukuvikelwa kwe-RCD lapho, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuhlolwa kwengozi okubhaliwe kunquma ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwe-RCD akudingekile.

Umthethonqubo omusha 411.3.4 udinga ukuthi, ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zasekhaya (zasendlini), ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe yi-RCD okunensalela yokusebenza elinganisiwe elingadluli kuma-30 mA kuzohlinzekwa ngamasekethe wokugcina e-AC ahlinzeka ngamalambu.

Umthethonqubo 411.4.3 ushintshiwe ukuze kufakwe ukuthi akukho mshini wokushintsha noma wokuhlukanisa oyofakwa kumqhubi wePEN.

Imithethonqubo engu-411.4.4 no-411.4.5 iphinde yahlelwa kabusha.

Imithethonqubo ephathelene nezinhlelo ze-IT (411.6) ihlelwe kabusha. Imithethonqubo engu-411.6.3.1 no-411.6.3.2 isusiwe kwaphinde kwahlelwa kabusha i-411.6.4 kwabe sekufakwa ne-Regulation 411.6.5 entsha.

Iqembu elisha loMthethonqubo (419) lifakiwe lapho ukunqamuka okuzenzakalelayo ngokusho koMthethonqubo 411.3.2 kungenzeki, njengemishini ye-elekthronikhi engenawo amandla wesikhashana wesikhashana.

Isahluko 42 Ukuvikelwa emiphumeleni yokushisa

Kuthulwe i-Regulation 421.1.7 entsha encoma ukufakwa kwamadivayisi wokuthola amaphutha e-arc (AFDDs) ukunciphisa ubungozi bomlilo kumasekethe wokugcina we-AC wokufakwa okungaguquki ngenxa yemiphumela yamaphutha e-arc.

Umthethonqubo 422.2.1 wenziwe kabusha. Inkomba yezimo BD2, BD3 ne-BD4 isusiwe. Kungezwe inothi elisho ukuthi izintambo zidinga ukwanelisa izidingo ze-CPR maqondana nokuphendula kwazo emlilweni nokwenza ireferensi kwiSithasiselo 2, into 17. Izidingo zifakiwe nezintambo ezihlinzeka amasekethe okuphepha.

Isahluko 44 Ukuvikelwa ekuphazanyisweni kwamandla nokuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi

Isigaba 443, esiphathelene nokuvikelwa kokungqubuzana okukhulu kwemvelaphi yomkhathi noma ngenxa yokushintshwa, sihlelwe kabusha.

Imibandela ye-AQ (imibandela yethonya langaphandle lombani) lokunquma ukuthi ukuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni yisikhashana okudingekayo ayisekho yini ku-BS 7671. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuvikelwa ekuvuthukeni okwedlula isikhathi kufanele kuhlinzekwe lapho umphumela ubangelwa yi-overvoltage (bheka Umthethonqubo 443.4)

-
(c) kuholele ekuphazanyisweni komsebenzi wezohwebo noma wezezimboni, noma
(d) kuthinta inani elikhulu labantu ababambisene.

Kuwo wonke amanye amacala, ukuhlolwa kobungozi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe ukuvikeleka ekuqothulweni kwesikhashana okudingekayo kuyadingeka yini.

Kukhona okuhlukile ukunganikezeli ngokuvikelwa kwezindlu zokuhlala ezilodwa ezimweni ezithile.

Isahluko 46 Amadivayisi wokuhlukaniswa nokushintshwa - Kwethulwe iSahluko 46 esisha.

Lokhu kubhekene nokuhlukaniswa okungazenzakaleli kwasendaweni futhi okukude nokushintsha izindlela zokuvimbela noma zokususa izingozi ezihambisana nokufakwa kukagesi noma imishini esebenza ngogesi. Futhi, ukushintshela ukulawulwa kwamasekethe noma okokusebenza. Lapho imishini esebenza ngogesi ingaphakathi kwesilinganiso se-BS EN 60204, kusebenza kuphela izidingo zalelo zinga.

Isahluko 52 Ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zezintambo

Umthethonqubo 521.11.201 onikeza izidingo zezindlela zokuxhasa amasistimu wiring emizileni yokuphunyuka, uthathelwe indawo yi-Regulation 521.10.202 entsha. Lolu ushintsho olukhulu.

Umthethonqubo 521.10.202 udinga ukuthi izintambo zisekelwe ngokwanele ekuweni kwazo ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho kwenzeka umlilo. Lokhu kusebenza kukho konke ukufakwa hhayi kuphela emizileni yokuphunyuka.

Umthethonqubo 522.8.10 ophathelene nezintambo ezigqitshiwe ushintshiwe ukuze kufakwe okuhlukile kwezintambo ze-SELV.

Umthethonqubo 527.1.3 nawo ushintshiwe, futhi inothi lengezwe elisho ukuthi izintambo nazo zidinga ukwanelisa izidingo ze-CPR maqondana nokuphendula kwazo emlilweni.

Isahluko 53 Ukuvikelwa, ukuzihlukanisa, ukushintsha, ukulawula nokuqapha

Lesi sahluko sibuyekezwe ngokuphelele futhi sibhekana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokuvikelwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukushintshwa, ukulawula nokuqapha kanye nezidingo zokukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwamadivayisi ahlinzekelwe ukufeza leyo misebenzi.

Isigaba 534 Amadivayisi wokuvikelwa ekuvuthweni ngokweqile

Lesi sigaba sigxile kakhulu kuzidingo zokukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwama-SPDs ukuvikelwa ekuqothulweni kwesikhashana lapho kudingwa iSigaba 443, uchungechunge lwe-BS EN 62305, noma njengoba kushiwo ngenye indlela.

Isigaba 534 sibuyekezwe ngokuphelele futhi ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe olubaluleke kakhulu lubhekisa kuzidingo zokukhethwa ezingeni lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi.

Isahluko 54 Amalungiselelo endlebe nabaqhubi abavikelayo

Kuthulwe imithethonqubo emibili emisha (542.2.3 kanye no-542.2.8) ephathelene nama-electrode omhlaba.

Kuthulwe eminye imithethonqubo emisha emibili (543.3.3.101 kanye no-543.3.3.102). Lokhu kunikeza izidingo zokufakwa kwensimbi eshintshayo kumqhubi ovikelayo, umthethonqubo wakamuva ophathelene nezimo lapho ukufakwa kunikezwa kusuka emithonjeni yamandla engaphezu kweyodwa.

Isahluko 55 Eminye imishini

Umthethonqubo 550.1 wethula isilinganiso esisha.

Umthethonqubo omusha 559.10 ubhekisa ezikhanyisweni ezikhanyiswe phansi, ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwayo kuzobheka ukuholwa okunikezwe kuThebula A.1 le-BS EN 60598-2-13.

Ingxenye 6 Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa

Ingxenye 6 isihlelwe kabusha ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi umthethonqubo obalwa ukuhambisana nezinga le-CENELEC.

Izahluko 61, 62 kanye no-63 zisusiwe futhi okuqukethwe yilezi zahluko manje sekwenziwe izahluko ezimbili ezintsha ezahlukweni ezingama-64 no-65.

Ukufakwa kwamasayithi wokwakhiwa nokudilizwa kwesigaba 704

Lesi sigaba siqukethe izinguquko ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi izidingo zamathonya wangaphandle (Umthethonqubo 704.512.2), kanye nokuguqulwa koMthethonqubo 704.410.3.6 mayelana nesilinganiso sokuvikela sokwehlukaniswa kukagesi.

Isigaba 708 Ukufakwa kukagesi kumakharavani / amapaki wamatende nezindawo ezifanayo

Lesi sigaba siqukethe izinguquko eziningi ezibandakanya izidingo zamasokhethi, ukuvikelwa kwe-RCD, nezimo zokusebenza namathonya angaphandle.

Isigaba 710 Izindawo zezokwelapha

Lesi sigaba siqukethe izinguquko ezimbalwa ezibandakanya ukususwa kweThebula 710, nezinguquko kuMithethonqubo 710.415.2.1 kuya ku-710.415.2.3 maqondana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-equipotential.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthethonqubo omusha 710.421.1.201 ubeka izidingo maqondana nokufakwa kwama-AFDD.

Isigaba 715 Ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi we-voltage ephansi

Lesi sigaba siqukethe izinguquko ezincane kuphela ezifaka ukulungiswa kuMthethonqubo 715.524.201.

Isigaba 721 Ukufakwa kukagesi kumakharavani nakumahambahamba wezimoto

Lesi sigaba siqukethe izinguquko eziningi ezibandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi okudingekayo, ama-RCD, ukusondela ezinsizakalweni ezingezona ezikagesi kanye nabaqhubi be-bonding abavikelayo.

Isigaba 722 Ukushaja kwezimoto zikagesi

Lesi sigaba siqukethe ushintsho olukhulu kuMthethonqubo 722.411.4.1 maqondana nokusetshenziswa kokunikezwa kwe-PME.

Okuhlukile maqondana nokungenzeka kusetshenzisiwe kususiwe.

Izinguquko zenziwe nezidingo zamathonya wangaphandle, ama-RCD, amasokhethi nezixhumi.

Isigaba 730 Amayunithi we-Onshore wokuxhunywa kogu lukagesi lwemikhumbi yokuhamba ngaphakathi

Lesi yisigaba esisha ngokuphelele futhi sisebenza ekufakweni kwasogwini okunikezelwe ekuhlinzekelweni kwemikhumbi yokuhamba ngaphakathi ezweni ngezinjongo zokuhweba nezokuphatha, ezifakwe emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni.

Iningi, uma kungenjalo, lezinyathelo ezisetshenzisiwe ukunciphisa ubungozi kuma-marinas zisebenza ngokulinganayo ekuxhumaneni kogu lolwandle ngemikhumbi yokuhamba ezweni. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuphakelwa kwemikhumbi endaweni ejwayelekile yolwandle kanye nogesi oxhumano lwemikhumbi yokuhamba ezweni ubukhulu bokunikezwa okudingekayo.

Isigaba 753 Amasistimu okushisa waphansi nophahla

Lesi sigaba sibuyekezwe ngokuphelele.

Ububanzi beSigaba 753 bunwetshiwe ukuze busetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezishumekiwe zokushisa kagesi zokushisa ebusweni.

Izidingo zisebenza nasezinhlelweni zokufudumeza ugesi zokukhipha i-icing noma isithwathwa noma ezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo, futhi zimboza zombili izinhlelo zangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Izinhlelo zokufudumeza izicelo zezimboni nezentengiselwano ezihambisana ne-IEC 60519, IEC 62395 ne-IEC 60079 azimboziwe.

Izithasiselo

Izinguquko ezinkulu ezilandelayo zenziwe ngaphakathi kwezithasiselo

isithasiselo 1 Amazinga WaseBrithani okukhulunywa ngawo eMithethonqubo afaka phakathi izinguquko ezincane, nezengezo.

isithasiselo 3 Izici zesikhathi / zamanje zamadivayisi wokuvikela agqagqene nama-RCD

Okuqukethwe kwangaphambilini kweSithasiselo 14 okuphathelene ne-earth error loop impedance kudluliselwe kusithasiselo 3.

isithasiselo 6 Amafomu amamodeli wokuthola isitifiketi nokubika

Lesi sithasiselo sifaka ushintsho oluncane ezitifiketini, izinguquko ekuhlolweni (komsebenzi omusha wokufaka kuphela) ezakhiweni zasekhaya kanye nezinye ezinokufika okungu-100 A, kanye nezibonelo zezinto ezidinga ukuhlolwa kombiko wesimo sokufakwa kukagesi.

isithasiselo 7 (efundisayo) Imibala eyinhloko yekhebuli ehambisanayo

Lesi sithasiselo sifaka ushintsho oluncane kuphela.

isithasiselo 8 Umthamo wamanje ophethe nokwehla kwamandla kagesi

Lesi sithasiselo sifaka phakathi izinguquko ezimayelana nezici zesilinganiso samandla okuphatha wamanje.

isithasiselo 14 Ukunqunywa kwesikhathi esizayo samaphutha

Okuqukethwe Isithasiselo 14 ngokuphathelene ne-earth error loop impedance kudluliselwe kusithasiselo 3. Isithasiselo 14 manje siqukethe imininingwane yokunqunywa kwalabo abazoba namaphutha njengamanje.

isithasiselo 17 Ukusebenza kwamandla

Lesi isithasiselo esisha esihlinzeka ngezincomo zokwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kokufakwa kukagesi kufaka phakathi ukufaka okukhiqizwayo kwasendaweni kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ukuze kutholakale ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kukagesi.

Izincomo ezikulesi sengezo zisebenza ekufakweni kukagesi okusha nokuguqulwa kokufakwa okukhona kukagesi. Okuningi kwalesi sithasiselo ngeke sisebenze ekufakweni kwasekhaya nokufanayo.

Kuhloselwe ukuthi lesi sithasiselo sifundwe ngokuhlangana ne-BS IEC 60364-8-1, ngenkathi sishicilelwa ngo-2018

Imithethonqubo ye-IET Wiring idinga ukuthi konke ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kohlelo olusha lukagesi, kanye nokuguqulwa kanye nokungezwa kokufakwa okukhona, kuhlolwe kubhekwe engcupheni yokudonswa kwamandla okuhamba kwesikhashana futhi, lapho kunesidingo, kuvikelwe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanele zokuvikela ukuqhuma (ngendlela yamaSurge Protection Devices SPDs ).

Isingeniso sokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage yesikhashana
Ngokuya ngochungechunge lwe-IEC 60364, uHlelo lwe-18th lwe-BS 7671 imithethonqubo ye-Wiring ifaka ukufakwa kukagesi kwezakhiwo kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kokuvikelwa kokuqhuma.

I-18th Edition ye-BS 7671 isebenza ekwakhiweni, ekwakheni nasekuqinisekisweni kokufakwa kukagesi, kanye nakwengezwe nokuguqulwa kokufakwa okukhona. Ukufaka okukhona okufakiwe ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo zangaphambilini ze-BS 7671 kungahle kungahambisani nohlobo lwe-18 kuzo zonke izindlela. Lokhu akusho ukuthi akuphephile ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo noma kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono.

Ukuvuselelwa okuyisisekelo ku-18th Edition kuphathelene nezigaba 443 kanye no-534, ezithinta ukuvikelwa kwezinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi ezinyukweni ezihamba ngokweqile zesikhashana, kungaba ngenxa yemvelaphi yomkhathi (umbani) noma imicimbi yokushintsha ugesi. Empeleni, uHlelo lwe-18 ludinga ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kohlelo olusha lukagesi, kanye noshintsho nokwengezwa kokufakwa okukhona, ukuthi kuhlolwe ngobungozi besikhashana obudlulela ngamandla futhi, lapho kunesidingo, kuvikelwe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanele zokuvikela (ngendlela yama-SPD).

Ngaphakathi kwe-BS 7671:
Isigaba 443: sichaza imibandela yokuhlolwa kobungozi ngokuqhathaniswa kwama-voltages esikhashana, kubhekelwa ukunikezwa kwesakhiwo, izinto ezinobungozi kanye nemithamo yemishini yokulinganisa enamandla

Isigaba 534: ichaza ukukhethwa nokufakwa kwama-SPD wokuvikelwa kwamandla okuhamba ngamandla kwesikhashana, kufaka phakathi Uhlobo lwe-SPD, ukusebenza kanye nokudidiyela

Abafundi balo mhlahlandlela kufanele basikhumbule isidingo sokuvikela yonke imigqa yesevisi yensimbi engenayo engcupheni yokweqiwa okungaphezulu okweqile.

I-BS 7671 inikeza umhlahlandlela ogxile ekuhlolweni nasekuvikelweni kwemishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi ehlose ukufakwa emandleni kagesi we-AC.

Ukuze ubheke umqondo we-Lightning Protection Zone LPZ ngaphakathi kwe-BS 7671 ne-BS EN 62305, yonke eminye imigqa yesevisi engenayo yensimbi, efana nedatha, amasiginali kanye nolayini bezokuxhumana, nayo iyindlela engahle idlule okweqile okweqile ukulimaza imishini. Kanjalo yonke imigqa enjalo izodinga ama-SPD afanele.

I-BS 7671 ikhomba ngokusobala ukuthi umfundi ubuyele ku-BS EN 62305 naku-BS EN 61643 ukuthola isiqondiso esithile. Lokhu kumbozwe kakhulu kumhlahlandlela we-LSP ku-BS EN 62305 Protection Against Lightning.

KUBALULEKILE: Izinsiza kusebenza zivikeleke KUPHELA kuma-voltages wesikhashana uma wonke amameyili angenayo / aphumayo nolayini bedatha benokuvikelwa okufakelwe

Ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana kwevoltage Ukuvikela amasistimu wakho kagesi

Kungani ukuvikeleka kwamandla okuhamba ngamandla okudlulayo kubaluleke kangaka?

Ama-voltage we-transient ama-surge wesikhathi esifushane kumandla kagesi phakathi kwabaqhubi ababili noma ngaphezulu (i-L-PE, i-LN noma i-N-PE), engafinyelela ku-6 kV kuzintambo zamandla we-Vac ezingama-230, futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa yi:

• Umsuka we-Atmospheric (umsebenzi wombani ngokusebenzisa ukuhlangana okuphikisayo noma okunamandla, kanye / noma ukushintshwa kukagesi kwemithwalo engenayo
• Ama-voltages esikhashana alimaza kakhulu futhi alulaze izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi. Ukulimala okuqondile kwezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezizwelayo, njenge

amakhompyutha njll, kwenzeka lapho ukweqiwa okungaphezulu kwesikhashana phakathi kwe-L-PE noma i-N-PE kudlula amandla amelana nemishini kagesi (okungukuthi ngenhla kwe-1.5 kV yemishini yesigaba I kuya ku-BS 7671 Ithebula 443.2). Ukulimala kwemishini kuholela ekwehlulekeni okungalindelekile nesikhathi sokuphumula esibizayo, noma ingozi yokusha umlilo / kagesi ngenxa ye-flashover, uma ukwahlukanisa kwehla. Ukonakala kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi, noma kunjalo, kuqala emazingeni aphansi kakhulu okuvota futhi kungadala ukulahleka kwedatha, ukuphuma kwezikhawu kanye nesikhathi sokuphila semishini emifushane. Lapho ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi kubalulekile, ngokwesibonelo ezibhedlela, emabhange nasezinsizakalweni eziningi zomphakathi, ukwehliswa kwesimilo kufanele kugwenywe ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi la ma-voltages esikhashana, avela phakathi kwe-LN, anqunyelwe ngaphansi kokuvikeleka kokushayisana kwemishini. Lokhu kungabalwa kabili ukuphakama kwamandla kagesi wesistimu kagesi, uma kungaziwa (okungukuthi cishe u-715 V wezinhlelo ezingama-230 V). Ukuvikelwa emithanjeni eyeqile yesikhashana kungatholakala ngokufaka isethi edidiyelwe yama-SPD ezindaweni ezifanele ohlelweni lukagesi, ngokuhambisana ne-BS 7671 Isigaba 534 nesiqondiso esinikezwe kulo shicilelo. Ukukhetha ama-SPD ngamazinga aphansi (okusho okungcono) wokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi (U_P) kuyinto ebucayi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemishini kagesi kubalulekile.

Izibonelo zezidingo zokuvikelwa ngokweqile kwe-BS 7671

Ukuhlolwa kweengozi
Ngokuphathelene neSigaba 443, indlela ephelele yokuhlola ubungozi ye-BS EN 62305-2 kumele isetshenziselwe ukufakwa kwezingozi ezinkulu njengezindawo zenuzi noma zamakhemikhali lapho imiphumela yokuhamba ngokweqile kwesikhashana kungaholela ekuqhumeni, ekhiqizweni eliyingozi lamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe ezithinta imvelo.

Ngaphandle kokufakwa kobungozi obukhulu kangaka, uma kunengozi yesiteleka sombani esiqondile esakhiweni uqobo lwaso noma ngaphezulu kwemigqa esakhiweni se-SPDs kuzodingeka ngokuya nge-BS EN 62305.

Isigaba 443 sithatha indlela eqondile yokuvikelwa kuma-voltages esikhashana anqunywa ngokususelwa kumphumela odalwe ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile ngokweThebula 1 ngenhla.

Izinga Leengozi Elibaliwe CRL - BS 7671
Isigaba se-BS 7671 443.5 samukela inguqulo eyenziwe lula yokuhlolwa kobungozi etholakala ekuhloleni okuphelele nobunzima kwe-BS EN 62305-2. Ifomula elula isetshenziselwa ukunquma i-CRL Level Risk Level.

I-CRL ibonwa kangcono njengamathuba noma ithuba lokufakwa okuthinteka ngama-voltages wesikhashana futhi ngenxa yalokho lisetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD kuyadingeka yini.

Uma inani le-CRL lingaphansi kuka-1000 (noma lingaphansi kwe-1 kumathuba ayi-1000) lapho-ke ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD kuzofakwa. Ngokufanayo uma inani le-CRL lingu-1000 noma ngaphezulu (noma likhulu kune-1 kumathuba ayi-1000) ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD akudingeki ukufakwa.

I-CRL itholakala ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-CRL = f_env / (L_P x N_g)

kuphi:

• f_env kuyisici semvelo nenani le-f_env izokhethwa ngokuya ngeThebula 443.1
• L_P ubude bokuhlola ubungozi ku-km
• N_g isibani sombani emhlabathini (ubane ngekhilomitha ngalinye² ngonyaka) efanelekile lapho kutholakala khona ulayini wamandla nesakhiwo esixhunyiwe

I f_env inani lisuselwa endaweni yesakhiwo noma indawo. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezisemadolobheni, izakhiwo ziqhelelene kakhulu ngakho-ke zivezwa kakhulu yimithamo eyeqile yomsuka womkhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezisezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezakhiwe.

Ubude bokuhlolwa kobungozi LP
Ubude bokuhlolwa kobungozi LP bubalwa ngokulandelayo:
L_P = 2L_PAL +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_pah + 0.2 L_PCH (km)

kuphi:

• L_PAL ubude (km) bomugqa ongaphezulu kwamandla kagesi
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba elinamandla kagesi amancane
• L_pah ubude (km) bomugqa ophezulu ohamba ngamandla kagesi
• L_PCH ubude (km) bekhebula elinamandla amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba

Ubude obuphelele (L_PAL +L_I-PCL +L_pah +L_PCH) ilinganiselwa ku-1 km, noma ngebanga elisuka kudivayisi yokuqala yokuvikela ukuvota efakwe kwinethiwekhi yamandla we-HV (bona uMdwebo) kuya emsukeni wokufakwa kukagesi, noma yikuphi okuncane.

Uma ubude benethiwekhi yokusabalalisa bungaziwa ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yalokho uL_PAL izothathwa ilingane nebanga elisele ukufika ebangeni eliphelele le-1 km. Isibonelo, uma kwaziwa kuphela ibanga lekhebuli elingaphansi komhlaba (isb. Amamitha ayi-100), isici esinzima kunazo zonke uL_PAL izothathwa ngokulingana ne-900 m. Umdwebo wokufakwa okukhombisa ubude bokucatshangelwa kuboniswa ku-Figure 04 (Umfanekiso 443.3 we-BS 7671). Inani le-ground flash density N_g

Inani lomhlabathi elincane le-flash N_g ingathathwa ebalazweni lase-UK lightning flash map in Figure 05 (Figure 443.1 of BS 7671) - mane unqume ukuthi indawo yesakhiwo ikuphi bese ukhetha inani le-Ng usebenzisa ukhiye. Isibonelo, i-Nottingham emaphakathi inenani le-Ng elingu-1. Kanye nendaba yemvelo f_env, ubude bokuhlola ubungozi L_P, uN_g inani lingasetshenziswa ukuqedela idatha yefomula yokubalwa kwenani le-CRL futhi kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe ukuvikelwa kokukhokhiswa ngokweqile kuyadingeka noma cha.

Imephu ye-lightning flash yase-UK (Umfanekiso 05) ne-flowchart efingqiwe (Umdwebo 06) ukusiza inqubo yokwenza izinqumo ngokusetshenziswa kweSigaba 443 (ngokuholwa kumhlahlandlela wezinhlobo ze-SPD weSigaba 534). Ezinye izibonelo zokubala ubungozi nazo zinikeziwe.

Ishadi lokugeleza lokuhlola ubungozi be-SPD lokufaka ngaphakathi kobubanzi bale BS 7671 18th Edition

Izibonelo zezinga le-CRL ebaliwe lokusetshenziswa kwama-SPD (BS 7671 Annex A443).

Isibonelo 1 - Ukwakhiwa kwemvelo yasemakhaya ku-Notts ngamandla ahlinzekwa yimigqa engaphezulu engu-0.4 km kungumugqa we-LV bese u-0.6 km kungumugqa we-HV Ground flash density Ng ye-central Notts = 1 (kusuka ku-Figure 05 UK map map of density).

Isici semvelo f_env = 85 (ngemvelo yasemakhaya - bheka Ithebula 2) Ubude bokuhlola ubungozi L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_pah + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = (2 × 0.4) + (0.4 × 0.6)
• L_P  = 1.04

kuphi:

• L_PAL ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla kagesi aphansi = 0.4
• L_pah ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla aphezulu = 0.6
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba lamandla kagesi = 0
• LP_CH ubude (km) bekhebula elinamandla amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba = 0

Izinga Leengozi Elibaliwe (CRL)

• I-CRL = f_env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 85 / (1.04 × 1)
• I-CRL = 81.7

Kulokhu, ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD kuzofakwa njengoba inani le-CRL lingaphansi kuka-1000.

Isibonelo 2 - Ukwakha endaweni esezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezisenyakatho neCumbria kuhlinzekwa ngekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba le-HV Ground flash density N_g okwenyakatho yeCumbria = 0.1 (kusuka ku-Figure 05 UK imephu ye-flash density) Isici semvelo f_env = 85 (ngemvelo yasedolobheni - bona Ithebula 2)

Ubude bokuhlola ubungozi L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_pah + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = 0.2 x1
• L_P = 0.2

kuphi:

• L_PAL ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla kagesi aphansi = 0
• L_pah ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla aphezulu = 0
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba lamandla kagesi = 0
• L_PCH ubude (km) bekhebula elinamandla amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba = 1

Izinga Leengozi Elibaliwe (CRL)

• I-CRL = f_env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 85 / (0.2 × 0.1)
• I-CRL = 4250

Kulokhu, ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD akuyona imfuneko njengoba inani le-CRL likhulu kune-1000.

Isibonelo 3 - Ukwakha endaweni esemadolobheni eseningizimu yeShropshire - imininingwane yokunikezwa ayaziwa Ground flash density N_g kweShropshire eseningizimu = 0.5 (kusuka ku-Figure 05 UK imephu ye-flash density). Isici semvelo f_env = 850 (ngemvelo yasemadolobheni - bheka Ithebula 2) Ubude bokuhlola ubungozi L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_pah + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = (2 x 1)
• L_P = 2

kuphi:

• L_PAL ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla kagesi aphansi = 1 (imininingwane yokuphakelwa kokuphakelwa ayaziwa - umkhawulo ongu-1 km)
• L_pah ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla aphezulu = 0
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba lamandla kagesi = 0
• L_PCH ubude (km) bekhebula elinamandla amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba = 0

Izinga Leengozi Lokubalwa le-CRL

• I-CRL = f_env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 850 / (2 × 0.5)
• I-CRL = 850

Kulesi simo, kuzofakwa ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD njengoba inani le-CRL lingaphansi kuka-1000. Isibonelo 4 - Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezisemadolobheni eziseLondon kuhlinzekwa ngekhebula le-LV elingaphansi komhlaba Ground flash density N_g kweLondon = 0.8 (kusuka ku-Figure 05 UK map map of density) Isici semvelo f_env = 850 (ngemvelo yasemadolobheni - bheka Ithebula 2) Ubude bokuhlola ubungozi L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_pah + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = 1

kuphi:

• L_PAL ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla kagesi aphansi = 0
• L_pah ubude (km) belayini ephezulu yamandla aphezulu = 0
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba lamandla kagesi = 1
• L_PCH ubude (km) bekhebula elinamandla amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba = 0

Izinga Leengozi Elibaliwe (CRL)

• I-CRL = f_env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 850 / (1 × 0.8)
• I-CRL = 1062.5

Kulokhu, ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD akuyona imfuneko njengoba inani le-CRL likhulu kune-1000.

Ukukhethwa kokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage yesikhashana Ukukhethwa kwama-SPDs kuya ku-BS 7671

Ukukhethwa kwama-SPD ku-BS 7671
Ububanzi beSigaba 534 se-BS 7671 ukufeza umkhawulo wevoltage ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zamandla we-AC ukuthola ukuhlanganiswa kokufakwa, ngokuhambisana neSigaba 443, namanye amazinga, kufaka phakathi i-BS EN 62305-4.

Ukuncishiswa kwe-overvoltage kutholakala ngokufakwa kwama-SPD ngokuya ngezincomo kusigaba 534 (samasistimu kagesi we-AC), kanye ne-BS EN 62305-4 (yamanye amandla wedatha, amasiginali noma ezokuxhumana ngocingo).

Ukukhethwa kwama-SPD kufanele kufinyelele emikhawulweni yokuqhuma kwesikhashana kwemvelaphi yasemkhathini, nokuvikelwa ekuqubukeni kwesikhashana okwenziwe yimibani eqondile noma iziteleka zombani eduze kwesakhiwo esivikelwe yi-Lightning Protection System LPS.

Ukukhethwa kwe-SPD
Ama-SPD kufanele akhethwe ngokuya ngezidingo ezilandelayo:

• Izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-Voltage (U_P)
• Amandla okusebenza aqhubekayo (U_C)
• Ukweqiwa kwesikhashana (U_TOV)
• Ukukhishwa kwegama okuzenzakalelayo (I_n) kanye nomfutho wamanje (I_imp)
• Okungahle kube khona iphutha lamanje kanye nesilinganiso sokuphazamiseka samanje sokulandela

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni kwe-SPD yizinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla alo (U_P). Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi we-SPD (U_P) kumele ibe ngaphansi kunamandla wevolumu yokulinganisa (U_W) okokusebenza kagesi okuvikelwe (okuchazwe ngaphakathi kuThebula 443.2), noma kokuqhubeka kokusebenza kwemishini ebucayi, ukuzivikela kwaso.

Lapho kungaziwa, ukuzivikela komzimba kungabalwa njengokuphindwe kabili kwamandla kagesi asebenza ngogesi (okusho ukuthi cishe u-715 V wezinhlelo ezingama-230 V). Imishini engabucayi exhunywe ku-230/400 V yokufakwa kagesi okungaguquki (isb. Uhlelo lwe-UPS) izodinga ukuvikelwa yi-SPD ene-U_P ingaphansi kwesigaba II esikalwe amandla we-impulse voltage (2.5 kV). Imishini ebucayi, njengama-laptops nama-PC, izodinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwe-SPD esigabeni I esilinganise amandla we-impulse (1.5 kV).

Lezi zibalo kufanele zibhekwe njengokufinyelela ezingeni elincane lokuvikelwa. Ama-SPD anamazinga wokuvikela amandla aphansi (U_P) unikele ngokuvikelwa okungcono kakhulu, ngokuthi:

• Ukunciphisa ubungozi kusuka kumanani we-inductive wokufaka kumikhombandlela yokuxhuma ye-SPD
• Ukunciphisa ubungozi kusuka ekushayweni kwamandla kagesi ngaphansi komfula okungafinyelela kabili ku-U ye-SPD_P ezikhumulweni zemishini
• Ukugcina ingcindezi yemishini incane, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwempilo yonke

Empeleni, i-SPD ethuthukisiwe (i-SPD * eya ku-BS EN 62305) ingahlangabezana kangcono nenqubo yokukhetha, ngoba lawo ma-SPD anikela ngamazinga wokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi (U_P) iphansi kakhulu kunemikhawulo yemishini futhi ngalokho isebenza ngempumelelo ekufezeni isimo sokuvikela. Ngokuya nge-BS EN 62305, wonke ama-SPD afakiwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-BS 7671 azohambisana namazinga womkhiqizo nokuhlolwa (uchungechunge lwe-BS EN 61643).

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-SPD ajwayelekile, ama-SPD athuthukisiwe anikela ngezinzuzo zombili nezobuchwepheshe:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-equipotential bonding kanye nokuvikelwa kwesikhashana okudonsayo (Uhlobo 1 + 2 nohlobo 1 + 2 + 3)
• Imodi ephelele (imodi ejwayelekile nehlukile) ukuvikelwa, kubalulekile ukuvikela imishini ye-elektroniki ebucayi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamandla okuvota okudlula kancane - umbani nokushintsha
• Ukudidiyela okusebenzayo kwe-SPD ngaphakathi kweyunithi elilodwa kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwama-SPD amaningi ejwayelekile wokuvikela imishini yokugcina

Ukuhambisana ne-BS EN 62305 / BS 7671, i-BS 7671 Isigaba 534 kugxile ekuqondisweni ekukhetheni nasekufakweni kwama-SPD ukukhawulela ukudlula kwesikhashana ekunikezelweni kwamandla we-AC. I-BS 7671 Isigaba 443 ithi ama-overvoltages esikhashana adluliswa ngohlelo lokusatshalaliswa kokuphakelwa awanciphiswanga kakhulu ezansi nokufakwa kokufakwa okuningi kwe-BS 7671 Isigaba 534 ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi ama-SPD afakwe ezindaweni ezisemqoka kuhlelo lukagesi:

• Njengoba kuseduze kakhulu nomsuka wokufakwa (imvamisa kubhodi enkulu yokusabalalisa ngemuva kwemitha)
• Kusondele kakhulu kokusebenza okubucayi (izinga lokusatshalaliswa okungaphansi), futhi kwasendaweni kuya kumathuluzi abucayi

Ukufaka ohlelweni lwe-230/400 V TN-CS / TN-S kusetshenziswa ama-LSP SPDs, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-BS 7671.

Ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo kubandakanya kanjani ukungena kwe-SPD ukuguqula amagagasi amakhulu ombane aye emhlabeni, alandelwe yi-SPDs ehlelekile esezansi ezindaweni ezifanele ukuvikela imishini ebucayi nebucayi.

Ukukhetha ama-SPD afanele
Ama-SPD ahlukaniswa ngohlobo ngaphakathi kwe-BS 7671 ngokulandela inqubo esungulwe ku-BS EN 62305.

Lapho ibhilidi lifaka phakathi i-LPS yesakhiwo, noma izinsizakalo zensimbi ezixhunywe ngaphezulu ezisengozini kusuka esitelekeni sombani oqondile, ama-SPDs we-equipotential bonding (Type 1 noma Combined Type 1 + 2) kufanele afakwe emnyango wensizakalo, ukuze kususwe ubungozi bokushiswa.

Ukufakwa kohlobo lwe-1 SPDs kukodwa akuhlinzeki ngokuvikelwa kuzinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi. Ama-SPD we-overvoltage wesikhashana (Uhlobo 2 nohlobo 3, noma Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe 1 + 2 + 3 nohlobo 2 + 3) ngakho-ke kufanele afakwe ezansi nomnyango wokungena kwensiza. Lawa ma-SPD aqhubeka nokuvikela kulawo ma-overvoltages wesikhashana abangelwa umbani ongaqondile (nge-resistive noma i-inductive coupling) nokushintsha kagesi kwemithwalo engenayo.

Ama-SPD ahlanganisiwe (afana nochungechunge lwe-LSP FLP25-275) enza lula kakhulu inqubo yokukhethwa kwe-SPD, noma ngabe kufakwa ekungeneni kwensizakalo noma ezansi kohlelo logesi.

Uhla lwe-LSP lwezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ze-SPD ku-BS EN 62305 / BS 7671.
Ububanzi be-LSP be-SPDs (amandla, idatha ne-telecom) bucaciswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo ezibucayi ze-elekthronikhi. Zakha ingxenye yesixazululo esiphelele sokuvikela umbani ku-BS EN 62305. Imikhiqizo ye-LSP FLP12,5 ne-FLP25 yamandla we-Type 1 + 2, okwenza ifanele ukufakwa emnyango wensizakalo, ngenkathi inikeza amazinga aphezulu wokuvikelwa kwamandla (kuthuthukiswe ku-BS EN 62305) phakathi kwabo bonke abaqhubi noma izindlela. Isimo sesimo esisebenzayo sazisa umsebenzisi nge:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesigaba
• Amandla we-NE ngokweqile
• Ukuvikela okuncishisiwe

Isimo se-SPD kanye nokuhlinzekwa nakho kungabhekwa ukude ngokusebenzisa oxhumana naye ongafakwanga i-volt.

Ama-SPD wamandla we-LSP SLP40 Izindleko zokuvikela ngempumelelo ku-BS 7671

Uhlu lwe-LSP SLP40 lwama-SPD ancoma izixazululo zomkhiqizo wesitimela ohlinzeka ngezindleko ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ukufakwa kwezohwebo, izimboni nezasekhaya.

• Lapho into eyodwa yonakele, inkomba yemishini izoshintsha ibe luhlaza ibe bomvu, kuvuse oxhumana naye ngaphandle kwe-volt
• Kulesi sigaba umkhiqizo kufanele ushintshwe, kepha umsebenzisi usenokuvikela ngesikhathi senqubo yoku-oda nokufaka
• Lapho zombili izingxenye zilimele, ukuphela kwenkomba yokuphila kuzoba bomvu ngokuphelele

Ukufakwa kwe-SPDs Isigaba 534, BS 7671
Ubude obubucayi bezingcingo ezixhumayo
I-SPD efakiwe izohlala iletha ukuphakama okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa amandla emishini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla (UP) elishiwo eshidini ledatha lomkhiqizi, ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla kagesi okwengeza kuwo wonke ama-conductor kumzila wokuxhuma we-SPD.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuvikeleka okuphezulu kwesikhashana okweqile kwama-conductor wokuxhuma we-SPD kufanele kugcinwe kufushane ngangokunokwenzeka. I-BS 7671 ichaza ukuthi kuma-SPD afakwe ngokufana (shunt), ubude obuholayo obuphelele phakathi kwabaqhubi bomugqa, umqhubi wokuvikela kanye ne-SPD kungcono kungadluli u-0.5 m futhi ungalokothi weqe u-1 m. Bheka uMdwebo 08 (iqabunga) ngokwesibonelo. Kuma-SPD afakwe ku-inthanethi (uchungechunge), ubude bokuhola phakathi komqhubi wokuvikela ne-SPD kungcono kungadluli u-0.5 m futhi ungalokothi weqe u-1 m.

Ukwenza okuhle kakhulu
Ukufakwa okungafanele kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwama-SPD. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina imikhondo yokuxhuma imfushane ngangokunokwenzeka kubalulekile ukukhulisa ukusebenza, futhi unciphise amandla okufaka angenayo.

Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokufaka ikhebula, njengokuhlanganisa ndawonye imikhondo yokuxhuma ngaphezu kobude bazo ngangokunokwenzeka, kusetshenziswa izibopho zekhebula noma ukugoqwa kokuvunguza, kusebenza kakhulu ekukhanseleni ukungasebenzi kahle.

Inhlanganisela ye-SPD enezinga eliphansi lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi (U_P), futhi amafushane, aboshwe ngokuqinile umkhondo wokuxhuma uqinisekisa ukufakwa okulungiselelwe kuzidingo ze-BS 7671.

Indawo enqamulelayo yabaqhubi abaxhumayo
Ama-SPD axhunywe lapho kuvela khona ukufakwa (ukungena kwensizakalo) i-BS 7671 idinga usayizi omncane wendawo ohlukanisiwe wama-SPD wokuxhuma umkhondo (ithusi noma okulingana) ne-PEAbaqhubi ngokulandelana bazoba:
16 mm²/ 6 mm² yama-SPD wohlobo 1
16 mm²/ 6 mm² yama-SPD wohlobo 1