Abubuwan da ake buƙata don shigarwa na lantarki, Dokokin Wayoyi na IET, Buga na Sha Takwas, BS 7671: 2018

Na'urorin kariyar karuwa (SPDs) da Dokokin Buga na 18

Zuwan Buga na 18 na Ka'idojin Wayoyi na IET ya kara sake fasalin tsarin da aka tsara na masu kwangilar lantarki. An tsara na'urorin kariya na karuwa (SPDs) don hana girgizar wutar lantarki da samun ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa wanda ke lalata kayan aikin shigarwar.

Bukatun Buga na 18 don kariyar tashin hankali

Zuwan Bugawa ta 18 na Ka'idodin Wayoyi na IET ya kara sake fasalin tsarin da aka tsara na masu kwangilar lantarki. An bincika wasu yankuna masu mahimmanci kuma an duba su; daga cikin su akwai batun karuwar tashin hankali da na'urorin da aka tsara don magance duk wani hadari da ke tattare da karfin lantarki. An tsara na'urorin kariya na karuwa (SPDs) don hana girgizar wutar lantarki da samun ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa wanda ke lalata kayan aikin shigarwar wayar. Idan wani abu mai saurin wuce gona da iri ya faru, SPD ta karkatar da sakamakon rarar da ake samu zuwa duniya.

Dokar 443.4 tana buƙatar, (fãce don rukunin gidaje guda ɗaya inda jimlar darajar shigarwa da kayan aiki a ciki bata ba da hujjar irin wannan kariya ba), ana ba da wannan kariya daga wuce-wuri mai saurin wucewa inda sakamakon da ƙarfin lantarki ke haifar na iya haifar da mummunan rauni, lalacewar wurare masu saurin al'adu, katsewar wadata ko shafar adadi mai yawa na mutanen da ke zaune ko asarar rai.

Yaushe ya kamata a sanya kariyar tashin hankali?

Don duk sauran kayan shigarwa ya kamata a gudanar da kimar haɗari don sanin ko ya kamata a shigar da SPDs. Inda ba a aiwatar da ƙimar haɗari ba, to ya kamata a shigar da SPDs. Ba a buƙatar shigar da lantarki a cikin rukunin gidaje guda don a sanya SPDs, amma ba a hana amfani da su ba kuma yana iya zama a tattauna tare da abokin ciniki ana shigar da irin waɗannan na'urori, yana rage haɗarin da ke tattare da wuce-wuri mai wucewa.

Wannan wani abu ne wanda yan kwangila ba suyi a baya ba suyi la'akari da kowane irin matsayi, kuma zasu buƙaci la'akari da su, dangane da rabon lokaci don kammala aikin gami da ƙarin farashi akan abokin ciniki. Duk wani kayan lantarki na iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da wuce-gona-da-iri, wanda zai iya haifar da aikin walƙiya ko wani abin sauya sheka. Wannan yana haifar da karuwar wutar lantarki da ke kara karfin igiyar ruwa zuwa mil dubu da yawa. Wannan na iya haifar da tsada da lalacewa nan take ko kuma rage wani abu na tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki.

Bukatar SPDs zai dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da matakin fallasa wani gini zuwa wucin gadi da ke haifar da wutan lantarki, ƙwarewa da ƙimar kayan aikin, nau'in kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su yayin shigarwar, da kuma ko akwai kayan aiki a cikin shigarwar da zai iya samar da ƙarfin wucewa na lantarki. Duk da yake sauyawar nauyin tantance haɗarin da ya faɗo kan mai kwangila na iya zama abin mamaki ga mutane da yawa, ta hanyar samun madaidaiciyar tallafi za su iya haɗa wannan aikin kwata-kwata cikin tsarin aikinsu na gargajiya da tabbatar da bin sabbin ƙa'idodin.

Na'urorin Kariyar LSP

LSP yana da kewayon nau'ikan na'urori masu kariya na kariya 1 da 2 don tabbatar da cewa kayi biyayya da sababbin Dokokin Buga na 18. Don ƙarin bayani game da SPDs da LSP Electrical kewayon ziyarar: www.LSP-internationa.com

Ziyarci Buga na 18 BS 7671: 2018 a kyauta, jagororin da zazzagewa kan maɓallan maɓallin canzawa na BS 76:71. Ciki har da bayani kan Zaɓin RCD, Gano Laifin Arc, Gudanar da Waya, Cajin Abin hawa na Wutar Lantarki, da Kariyar Karuwa. Zazzage waɗannan jagororin kai tsaye zuwa kowace na'ura don ku iya karanta su a duk lokacin da kuma ko'ina.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don shigarwa na lantarki, Dokokin Wayoyi na IET, Buga na Sha Takwas, BS 7671: 2018

Dokokin Waya na IET suna da sha'awa ga duk waɗanda suke da alaƙa da zane, girkewa da kuma kula da wayoyin lantarki a cikin gine-gine. Wannan ya hada da ma'aikatan wutar lantarki, 'yan kwangila na lantarki, masu ba da shawara, kananan hukumomi, masu safiyo da gine-gine. Wannan littafin zai kuma zama mai daɗi ga ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, har ma da ɗalibai a jami'a da ƙarin kwalejojin ilimi.

Buga na 18 na Ka'idodin Wayoyi na IET wanda aka buga a watan Yulin 2018 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin watan Janairun 2019. Canje-canje daga bugar da ta gabata sun haɗa da buƙatu game da Na'urorin Kariyar Kariya, Na'urorin Gano Laifukan Arc da shigar da kayan caji na lantarki da sauran wurare da yawa. .

Ta yaya Buga na 18 zai canza aiki yau da kullun ga masu saka wutar lantarki?

Buga na 18 na ka'idojin Wayoyi na IET ya sauka, tare da kawo sabbin abubuwa ga masu girke wutar lantarki da ya kamata su sani kuma suyi wani ɓangare na yau da kullun.

Yanzu haka muna cikin wata daya zuwa lokacin gyarawa na watanni shida don masu lantarki don tabbatar da cewa suna da komai a wurin. Daga Janairu 1st 2019 shigarwa dole ne ya kasance cikakke cikakke ga sababbin ƙa'idodi, ma'ana duk aikin wutar lantarki da ke faruwa daga Disamba 31st 2018 dole ne ya bi sabbin ƙa'idodin.

Dangane da ci gaban fasaha na zamani da sabunta bayanan fasaha, sabbin ƙa'idodin suna nufin sanya shigarwa mafi aminci ga masu lantarki da mai amfani na ƙarshe, gami da tasiri kan ƙimar makamashi.

Duk canje-canje suna da mahimmanci, duk da haka mun zaɓi mahimman mahimman abubuwa huɗu waɗanda muke tsammanin suna da ban sha'awa musamman:

1: Tallafin Karfe

Dokokin da ke bayyana a yanzu cewa kebul ɗin da ke kan hanyar tserewar wuta dole ne a tallafa shi don rugujewa da wuri idan akwai wuta. Sabbin ƙa'idodi yanzu suna buƙatar a yi amfani da gyaran ƙarfe, maimakon na roba, don tallafawa dukkan igiyoyi a ko'ina girke-girke, don rage haɗari ga mazauna ko masu kashe gobara daga faɗuwa da igiyoyi sakamakon rashin faɗin kebul.

2: Shigar da Na'urorin Arc Laifi Detection

La'akari da cewa gine-ginen Burtaniya yanzu suna da kayan wutar lantarki a cikin su fiye da da, kuma wutar lantarki tana faruwa kimanin shekara ɗaya zuwa shekara, shigar da Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs) don matsakaita haɗarin gobara a cikin wasu da'irori ya kasance gabatar.

Gobarar wutar lantarki sanadiyyar lahani na arc yawanci yakan faru ne a wajan ƙarshe mara kyau, haɗin haɗi, kodayake tsoho ne da gazawa a rufin waya ko a lalataccen waya. Waɗannan AFDDs masu hankali na iya rage yiwuwar wutar lantarki da ke faruwa ta hanyar baka ta hanyar gano wuri da keɓewa da wuri.

Girkawar AFDDs an fara ta ne a cikin Amurka shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, kuma an sami raguwa game da gobara masu alaƙa da kusan 10%.

3.Dukkan kwandunan AC da aka kimanta har zuwa 32A yanzu suna buƙatar kariya ta RCD

Sauran Na'urorin Yanzu (RCDs) koyaushe suna lura da wutar lantarki a cikin da'irorin da suke karewa da kuma zagayawa idan an gano hanyar da ba a zata zuwa duniya-kamar mutum.

Waɗannan su ne na'urorin kare rayuwa da yiwuwar sabunta rai. A baya, duk kwandon da aka kimanta har zuwa 20A yana buƙatar kariya ta RCD, amma an faɗaɗa wannan a cikin ƙoƙari na rage damuwa da wutar lantarki ga masu girke-girke da ke aiki tare da rayayyun maɓuɓɓuka na rayayyun AC. Hakanan zai kare mai amfani na ƙarshe a cikin yanayin da kebul ya lalace ko ya yanke kuma ana iya taɓa mahaɗan masu rai ba da gangan ba, wanda zai haifar da gudana zuwa ƙasa.

Don hana RCD ta mamaye ta hanyar nau'ikan motsi na yanzu, kodayake, dole ne a kula don tabbatar da amfani da RCD mai dacewa.

4: Ingancin inganci

Daftarin sabuntawa na Buga na 18 ya nuna magana kan ingancin kuzarin gyaran lantarki. A sigar karshe da aka buga, wannan an canza shi zuwa cikakkun shawarwari, wanda aka samu a Shafi 17. Wannan ya nuna bukatar kasa gaba daya ta rage yawan amfani da makamashi gaba daya.

Sabbin shawarwarin suna karfafa mana gwiwa don yin amfani da wutar lantarki gaba daya, ta hanya mafi inganci.

Gabaɗaya, tsarin shigarwar da aka bita na iya buƙatar saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin kayan aiki, kuma ba shakka ƙarin horo. Mafi mahimmanci kodayake, idan suna aiki akan sabon aikin gini, misali, masu wutar lantarki yanzu suna da damar da zasu ɗauki babban matsayi a cikin tsarin ƙira na gini, don tabbatar da cewa dukkan aikin yayi daidai da sababbin ka'idoji

Buga na 18 ya kawo sabon ci gaba zuwa kafuwa mafi aminci da wurare masu aminci ga masu amfani na ƙarshe. Mun san cewa masu aikin wutar lantarki a duk ƙasar Burtaniya suna aiki tuƙuru don shirya waɗannan canje-canje kuma muna so mu san abin da kuke tsammanin zai fi shafar ku da kuma abin da kuke yi don ganin miƙa mulki ya zama mai sauƙi kamar yadda ya kamata.

BS 7671

Tabbatar cewa aikinku ya cika ƙa'idodin Wutar Lantarki a Dokokin Aikin 1989.

BS 7671 (Ka'idodin Wayoyi na IET) suna tsara ƙa'idodin shigarwar lantarki a Burtaniya da sauran ƙasashe da yawa. IET ta sake buga BS 7671 tare da British Standards Institution (BSI) kuma ita ce hukuma kan shigar da lantarki.

Game da BS 7671

IET tana gudanar da kwamiti na JPEL / 64, (kwamitin kula da Wayoyi na ƙasa), tare da wakilai daga ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da yawa. Kwamitin yana ɗaukar bayanan kwamiti daga kwamitocin ƙasa da takamaiman buƙatun Burtaniya, don tabbatar da daidaito da haɓaka aminci a duk faɗin masana'antar lantarki ta Burtaniya.

Buga na 18

Bugawa ta 18 ta Dokokin Waya IET (BS 7671: 2018) da aka buga a watan Yulin 2018. Duk sababbin kayan aikin lantarki zasu buƙaci bin BS 7671: 2018 daga 1st Janairu 2019.

Don taimakawa masana'antu suyi amfani da buƙatun BS 7671, kuma don samun daidaito tare da Buga na 18, IET tana ba da wadatattun albarkatu, daga kayan jagora, abubuwan da suka faru da horo, zuwa bayanai na kyauta kamar Wiring Matters online magazine. Duba akwatunan da ke ƙasa don ƙarin bayani game da yawan albarkatunmu.

Tsarin 18 na canji

Jerin mai zuwa yana ba da cikakken haske game da manyan canje-canje a cikin Ka'idodin Wayoyi na IET na 18 (buga 2nd Yuli 2018). Wannan jerin ba cikakke bane saboda akwai ƙananan canje-canje da yawa cikin littafin da ba'a haɗa shi anan ba.

BS 7671: Abubuwan da ake buƙata don shigarwa na lantarki za a bayar a ranar 2018 ga Yuli 2 kuma an yi niyyar fara aiki a kan 2018 Janairu 1.

Girkawar da aka tsara bayan 31 ga Disamba 2018 dole ne su bi BS 7671: 2018.

Dokokin suna amfani da ƙira, kafawa da tabbatarwar shigarwar lantarki, da ƙari da canje-canje ga shigarwar data kasance. Sauraren shigarwa waɗanda aka girka bisa ƙa'idodi na farko na ƙa'idodin na gaba bazai bi wannan ɗaba'ar ta kowane fanni ba. Wannan ba dole bane ya nuna cewa basu da aminci don ci gaba da amfani ko suna buƙatar haɓakawa.

An taƙaita taƙaitaccen manyan canje-canje a ƙasa. (Wannan ba cikakken lissafi bane).

Sashe na 1 Yanayi, abu da ka'idojin asali

Dokar 133.1.3 (Zaɓin kayan aiki) an gyara kuma yanzu yana buƙatar sanarwa akan Takaddun Shaidar Wutar Lantarki.

Part 2 Ma'anarta

An fadada ma'anoni da gyare-gyare.

Babi na 41 Kariya daga girgiza wutar lantarki

Sashe na 411 ya ƙunshi wasu manyan canje-canje. Wasu daga cikin manyan an ambata a ƙasa:

Bututun ƙarfe da ke shiga cikin ginin suna da ɓangaren insulating a wurin da suka shiga ba za a haɗa su da haɗakar kayan aiki masu kariya ba (Dokar 411.3.1.2).

Matsakaicin lokacin rabuwa da aka bayyana a cikin Table 41.1 yanzu ana amfani dashi don da'irori na ƙarshe har zuwa 63 A tare da ɗaya ko fiye da rami-rami da 32 A don da'irorin ƙarshe waɗanda ke ba da kayan aiki kawai da aka haɗa da kayan aiki na yanzu (Dokar 411.3.2.2).

Dokar 411.3.3 an sake yin kwaskwarima kuma yanzu ya shafi ɗakunan soket tare da ƙimar da ba ta wuce 32A ba. Akwai banda don ƙetare kariya ta RCD inda, banda mazauni, ƙididdigar ƙididdigar haɗarin ƙayyade cewa ƙaddarar RCD ba lallai ba ce.

Sabuwar Dokar 411.3.4 tana buƙatar cewa, a cikin gidajan gida (gida), ƙarin kariya ta RCD tare da ƙimar saura aiki wanda bai wuce 30 MA ba za'a samar da shi don da'irorin AC na ƙarshe masu samar da haske.

An gyara ƙa'idar 411.4.3 don haɗawa da cewa babu wani sauyawa ko keɓance na'urar da za a saka a cikin mai gudanar da PEN.

Dokoki 411.4.4 da 411.4.5 an sake canza su.

An sake tsara ka'idoji game da tsarin IT (411.6). An goge ƙa'idoji 411.6.3.1 da 411.6.3.2 kuma an sake sabunta su 411.6.4 kuma an saka sabuwar ƙa'ida 411.6.5.

An saka sabon rukuni (419) inda cire haɗin kai tsaye bisa ƙa'idar 411.3.2 ba mai yuwuwa bane, kamar kayan lantarki da iyakantaccen ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Fasali na 42 Kariya daga tasirin zafin jiki

An gabatar da sabuwar doka mai lamba 421.1.7 wacce ke bada shawarar girka na’urorin gano kuskuren baka (AFDDs) don rage haɗarin wuta a cikin da'irorin AC na ƙarshe na tsayayyar shigarwa saboda sakamakon tasirin arc.

An sake tsara doka ta 422.2.1. Nakuda game da yanayin BD2, BD3 da BD4 an share su. An kara bayanin kula wanda ke nuni da cewa wayoyi suna bukatar biyan bukatun CPR dangane da yadda suka dauki wuta da yin ishara zuwa Shafi na 2, abu na 17. An kuma saka bukatu na wayoyin da ke samarda da'irorin tsaro.

Babi na 44 Kiyayewa daga rikicewar lantarki da rikicewar lantarki

An sake sashi na 443, wanda yayi magana kan kariya daga yawan juzu'i na asalin yanayi ko saboda sauyawa.

Ka'idodin AQ (yanayin tasirin waje don walƙiya) don ƙayyade idan ana buƙatar kariya daga wuce gona da iri ba a cikin BS 7671. Maimakon haka, dole ne a samar da kariya daga wuce gona da iri lokacin da sakamakon tashin hankali ya wuce (duba Dokar 443.4)

(a) haifar da mummunan rauni ga, ko asarar, rayuwar ɗan adam, ko (b) sakamakon katsewa ayyukan jama'a / ko lalacewar da al'adun gargajiya, ko
(c) sakamako a katsewar harkokin kasuwanci ko masana'antu, ko
(d) yana shafar adadi masu yawa na haɗin gwiwa.

Ga duk sauran al'amuran, dole ne ayi aikin tantance haɗari domin sanin idan ana buƙatar kariya daga wuce gona da iri.

Akwai keɓe don ba da kariya ga rukunin gidaje guda ɗaya a cikin wasu yanayi.

Babi na 46 Na'urori don warewa da sauyawa - An gabatar da wani sabon babi na 46.

Wannan yana ma'amala da keɓancewa na gida da na nesa da keɓaɓɓu da matakan sauyawa don rigakafi ko cire haɗari haɗe da shigarwar lantarki ko kayan aikin lantarki. Hakanan, sauyawa don sarrafa da'ira ko kayan aiki. Inda kayan aikin wutar lantarki ke cikin iyakar BS EN 60204, ana buƙatar ƙa'idodin wannan ƙirar kawai.

Babi na 52 Zaɓi da tsarikan tsarin wayoyi

Dokar 521.11.201 wacce ke ba da buƙatu don hanyoyin tallafi na wayoyi a hanyoyin tsere, an maye gurbin ta da sabon Dokar 521.10.202. Wannan babban canji ne.

Dokar 521.10.202 ta buƙaci a tallafawa igiyoyi yadda yakamata game da rugujewar lokacin da zasu fara yayin gobara. Wannan ya shafi ko'ina cikin shigarwa kuma ba kawai cikin hanyoyin tserewa ba.

An gyara doka ta 522.8.10 game da wayoyin da aka binne don haɗawa da keɓaɓɓu ga igiyoyin SELV.

Dokar 527.1.3 kuma an canza ta, kuma bayanin kula ya kara da cewa kebul kuma suna bukatar biyan bukatun CPR dangane da yadda suka dauki wuta.

Babi na 53 Kariya, keɓancewa, sauyawa, sarrafawa da sa ido

An sake nazarin wannan babi gaba ɗaya kuma yana aiki tare da buƙatun gaba ɗaya don kariya, keɓancewa, sauyawa, sarrafawa da saka idanu kuma tare da buƙatun zaɓi da haɓaka na'urorin da aka bayar don cika waɗannan ayyukan.

Sashe na 534 Na'urori don kariya daga yawan zafin rana

Wannan ɓangaren yana mai da hankali kan buƙatu don zaɓin da kuma ɗage na SPDs don kariya daga ɓarna mai wucewa inda sashi na 443 ya buƙata, jerin BS EN 62305, ko kuma kamar yadda aka faɗa.

An sake sashi na 534 kwata-kwata kuma mafi mahimmancin canjin fasaha yana nufin abubuwan zaɓin don matakin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki.

Babi na 54 Shirye-shiryen duniya da masu kula da kariya

An gabatar da sabbin ka'idoji guda biyu (542.2.3 da 542.2.8) dangane da wayoyin duniya.

An sake gabatar da wasu sabbin ƙa'idoji guda biyu (543.3.3.101 da 543.3.3.102). Waɗannan suna ba da buƙatu don shigar da na'urar sauyawa a cikin mai gudanar da kariya, ƙa'idar ta ƙarshe wacce ta shafi yanayi inda aka samar da shigarwa daga tushen makamashi sama da ɗaya.

Babi na 55 Sauran kayan aiki

Dokar 550.1 ta gabatar da sabon yanki.

Sabuwar Dokar 559.10 tana nufin haskakawa na ƙasa, zaɓi da haɓaka wanda zai yi la'akari da jagorancin da aka bayar a cikin Table A.1 na BS EN 60598-2-13.

Sashe na 6 Dubawa da gwaji

An sake sake sashi na 6 kwata-kwata, gami da lambobin tsari don daidaitawa da daidaitattun CENELEC.

An share surori 61, 62 da 63 kuma abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan surorin yanzu sun zama sababbin Sababi biyu 64 da 65.

Sashi na 704 Ginin wuraren gini da rushewa

Wannan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan canje-canje, gami da buƙatu don tasirin waje (Dokar 704.512.2), da gyare-gyare zuwa Dokar 704.410.3.6 game da ma'aunin kariya na rabuwa da lantarki.

Sashe na 708 Kayan aikin lantarki a cikin vanyari / wuraren shakatawa da wuraren kamarsu

Wannan ɓangaren yana ƙunshe da canje-canje da yawa gami da buƙatu don mashigai, kariya ta RCD, da yanayin aiki da tasirin waje.

Sashe na 710 Wuraren kiwon lafiya

Wannan ɓangaren yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙananan canje-canje ciki har da cirewa na Table 710, da canje-canje ga ƙa'idodi 710.415.2.1 zuwa 710.415.2.3 game da haɗin kayan aiki.

Kari akan haka, wani sabon Dokar 710.421.1.201 ya bayyana bukatun game da shigar da AFDDs.

Sashe na 715 -ananan ƙananan matakan hasken wuta

Wannan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi ƙananan canje-canje kawai gami da gyare-gyare ga Dokar 715.524.201.

Sashe na 721 Gyara kayan lantarki a cikin ayari da ayarin motoci

Wannan ɓangaren yana ƙunshe da canje-canje da yawa gami da buƙatun rabuwa da lantarki, RCDs, kusanci da sabis ɗin da ba wutar lantarki da masu ba da haɗin kai na kariya.

Sashi na 722 shigarwa na caji abin hawa na lantarki

Wannan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi manyan canje-canje ga Dokar 722.411.4.1 game da amfani da wadatar PME.

Banda abin da ya shafi mai yuwuwa mai aiki an share shi.

Hakanan an canza canje-canje ga buƙatu don tasirin waje, RCDs, mashigai da masu haɗawa.

Sashe na 730 Rakunan jirgin ruwa na haɗin teku don tasoshin jiragen ruwa masu zuwa

Wannan sabon sashe ne gabaɗaya kuma ya shafi abubuwan girke-girke na kan teku waɗanda aka keɓe don wadatar da jiragen ruwa masu zuwa cikin ƙasa don dalilai na kasuwanci da na mulki, waɗanda aka sanya su a tashar jiragen ruwa da filaye.

Mafi yawa, idan ba duka ba, na matakan da aka yi amfani da su don rage haɗari a cikin marinas ana amfani da su daidai da haɗin haɗin teku don tasoshin jiragen ruwa masu zuwa. Ofayan manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kayayyaki zuwa tasoshin cikin mashigin ruwa na yau da kullun da haɗin haɗin teku don tasoshin jiragen ruwa masu zuwa shine girman wadatar da ake buƙata.

Sashe na 753 Tsarin shimfida da rufin rufi

An sake nazarin wannan sashin gaba ɗaya.

Beenarin Sashe na 753 an faɗaɗa shi don amfani ga tsarin ɗumama wutar lantarki da aka saka don dumama ƙasa.

Abubuwan buƙatun sun shafi tsarin dumama na lantarki don ƙin icing ko rigakafin sanyi ko aikace-aikace iri ɗaya, kuma ya rufe tsarin gida da waje.

Tsarin dumama don aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci waɗanda ke bin IEC 60519, IEC 62395 da IEC 60079 ba a rufe su.

Kayan aiki

Anyi manyan canje-canje masu zuwa a cikin abubuwan haɓaka

shafi 1 Ka'idodin Biritaniya waɗanda ake ambatarsu a cikin Dokokin sun haɗa da ƙananan canje-canje, da ƙari.

shafi 3 Halaye na lokaci / halin yanzu na na'urori masu kariya da yawa da RCDs

Abubuwan da suka gabata na Rataye 14 game da ƙarancin kuskuren kuskuren ƙasa an koma cikin Rataye 3.

shafi 6 Siffofin samfurin don takaddun shaida da rahoto

Wannan shafi ya haɗa da ƙananan canje-canje ga takaddun shaida, canje-canje ga dubawa (don sabon aikin shigarwa kawai) don gida da makamantan wuraren har zuwa wadatar 100 A, da misalan abubuwan da ke buƙatar dubawa don rahoton yanayin shigarwar lantarki.

shafi 7 (bayani) Daidaita manyan launuka na kebul

Wannan ƙarin shafi ya ƙunshi ƙananan canje-canje kawai.

shafi 8 -Arfin ɗaukar nauyi da saukar da ƙarfin lantarki

Wannan ƙarin shafi ya haɗa da canje-canje game da abubuwan kimantawa don ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto na yanzu.

shafi 14 Tabbatar da hukuncin mai yiwuwa na yanzu

Abubuwan da ke cikin Rataye 14 game da matsalar rashin kuskuren ƙasa an koma cikin Rataye 3. Rataye 14 yanzu yana ƙunshe da bayani game da ƙaddarar yiwuwar kuskuren halin yanzu.

shafi 17 Amfani da makamashi

Wannan wani sabon shafi ne wanda yake bayar da shawarwari wajan tsarawa da kuma girka kayan lantarki ciki harda kayanda ake samarwa a gida da kuma adana kuzari don inganta ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki.

Shawarwarin da ke tsakanin wannan appendix sun shafi sabbin kayan lantarki da kuma gyara kayan aikin lantarki da ake dasu. Mafi yawan wannan ƙarin shafi ba zai shafi ɗakunan gida da makamantansu ba.

Ana nufin cewa an karanta wannan shafi tare da BS IEC 60364-8-1, lokacin da aka buga shi a cikin 2018

Dokokin Wayoyi na IET suna buƙatar duk sababbin tsarin tsarin lantarki da shigarwa, gami da canje-canje da ƙari akan girke-girke na yanzu, don a tantance su game da haɗarin wuce haddi na wucin gadi kuma, inda ya cancanta, kariya ta amfani da matakan kariya mai ƙarfi da ya dace (a cikin nau'ikan na'urorin Kariyar Kariya na SPDs ).

Gabatarwar wuce haddi mai wucewa
Dangane da jerin IEC 60364, Buga na 18 na dokokin BS 7671 Wayoyi yana rufe shigarwar lantarki na gine-gine gami da amfani da kariyar ƙaruwa.

Buga na 18 na BS 7671 ya shafi zane, kafawa da tabbatar da shigarwar lantarki, da kuma ƙari da canje-canje ga shigarwar data kasance. Sauraren shigarwa waɗanda aka girka daidai da na BS 7671 na baya baza su iya bin bugu na 18 ba ta kowane fanni. Wannan ba dole bane ya nuna cewa basu da aminci don ci gaba da amfani ko suna buƙatar haɓakawa.

Sabuntawa mai mahimmanci a cikin bugu na 18 ya shafi Sashe na 443 da 534, wanda ya shafi kariya daga tsarin lantarki da lantarki daga wucewar wutar lantarki, ko dai sakamakon asalin yanayi (walƙiya) ko abubuwan sauyawar lantarki. Ainihin, Buga na 18 yana buƙatar duk sabbin tsarin tsarin lantarki da shigarwa, gami da canje-canje da ƙari akan abubuwan shigarwa, don a tantance su akan haɗarin wuce haddi na wucin gadi kuma, inda ya cancanta, kariya ta amfani da matakan kariya masu dacewa (a cikin yanayin SPDs).

A cikin BS 7671:
Sashe na 443: ya bayyana ka'idoji don kimanta haɗari game da matakan wuce gona da iri, la'akari da wadatar da tsarin, halayen haɗari da ƙimar ƙarfin kayan aiki

Sashe na 534: yayi bayani dalla-dalla game da zaɓi da shigarwa na SPD don ingantaccen haɓakar wuce gona da iri, gami da nau'ikan SPD, aiki da aiki tare.

Masu karanta wannan jagorar ya kamata su kula da bukatar kare duk layukan sabis na ƙarfe masu shigowa daga haɗarin wuce gona da iri.

BS 7671 yana ba da jagorar mai da hankali don kima da kariya ga kayan lantarki da lantarki da aka yi nufin shigar da su akan manyan wutar lantarki ta AC.

Don kiyaye tunanin LPZ na Yankin Kariyar Walƙiya a cikin BS 7671 da BS EN 62305, duk sauran layukan sabis na ƙarfe masu shigowa, kamar su bayanai, sigina da layukan sadarwa, suma hanya ce mai yuwuwa ta hanyar wacce wucewar wutar lantarki ta lalata kayan aiki. Saboda haka duk waɗannan layin zasu buƙaci SPDs masu dacewa.

BS 7671 a bayyane ya nuna mai karatu baya ga BS EN 62305 da BS EN 61643 don takamaiman jagora. An rufe wannan sosai a cikin jagorar LSP zuwa BS EN 62305 Kariya akan Walƙiya.

MUHIMMI: Kayan aiki KAWAI ke da kariya daga saurin wucewa idan duk mai shigowa / mai shigowa da layukan bayanai suna da kariyar da ta dace.

Kariyar wuce haddi mai wucewa Tsare tsarin lantarki

Me yasa kariya mai wucewa na wucin gadi yana da mahimmanci?

Anƙan-wuce-ƙanƙan lokaci sune gajeren gajeren lokaci a cikin ƙarfin wuta tsakanin masu jagora biyu ko sama (L-PE, LN ko N-PE), wanda zai iya kaiwa zuwa 6 kV akan layukan wutar lantarki 230 Vac, kuma gabaɗaya sakamakon hakan shine:

• Asalin sararin samaniya (aikin walƙiya ta hanyar haɗuwa ko haɗuwa da aiki, da / ko Canjin lantarki na kayan aiki masu motsi
• Twayoyin wuce gona da iri na lalacewa da lalata tsarin lantarki. Lalai kai tsaye ga tsarin lantarki mai mahimmanci, kamar su

kwakwalwa da sauransu, yana faruwa a lokacin da wuce-wuri mai wucewa tsakanin L-PE ko N-PE ya wuce ƙarfin juriya na kayan lantarki (watau sama da 1.5 kV don Kayan Kayan Nau'in I zuwa BS 7671 Table 443.2). Lalacewar kayan aiki yana haifar da gazawar da ba zato ba tsammani da jinkiri mai tsada, ko haɗarin wuta / girgizar lantarki saboda walƙiya, idan rufin ruɓuwa ya lalace. Lalacewar tsarin lantarki, kodayake, yana farawa ne daga matakan ƙananan overvoltage kuma yana iya haifar da asarar bayanai, katsewar lokaci da gajeren kayan aikin rayuwa. Inda ci gaba da aiki da tsarin lantarki yake da mahimmanci, misali a asibitoci, harkar banki da galibin ayyukan jama'a, dole ne a guji lalacewa ta hanyar tabbatar da waɗannan rikice-rikicen na wucin gadi, waɗanda ke faruwa tsakanin LN, an iyakance su a ƙasa da ƙarfin rigakafin kayan aiki. Ana iya lissafin wannan sau biyu na ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki na tsarin lantarki, idan ba a sani ba (watau kusan 715 V na tsarin 230 V). Za a iya samun kariya daga wuce-wuri mai wucewa ta hanyar shigar da daidaitattun saiti na SPDs a wuraren da suka dace a cikin tsarin lantarki, daidai da BS 7671 Sashe 534 da kuma jagorar da aka bayar a wannan littafin. Zabi SPDs tare da ƙananan matakan kariya na ƙarfin lantarki (U_P) wani lamari ne mai mahimmanci, musamman ma inda ci gaba da amfani da kayan lantarki ke da mahimmanci.

Misalan buƙatun kariya ta wuce gona da iri zuwa BS 7671

Kiman hadari
Dangane da Sashe na 443, dole ne a yi amfani da cikakkiyar hanyar ƙididdigar haɗarin BS EN 62305-2 don shigarwar haɗari masu haɗari kamar makaman nukiliya ko rukunin sinadarai inda sakamakon ƙarancin ƙarfi zai iya haifar da fashewa, sinadarai mai cutarwa ko iska mai iska ta haka shafi muhalli.

A waje da irin waɗannan haɗarin haɗarin, idan akwai haɗarin bugun walƙiya kai tsaye ga tsarin kanta ko zuwa saman layi zuwa tsarin SPDs za'a buƙata daidai da BS EN 62305.

Sashe na 443 yana ɗaukar madaidaiciyar hanya don kariya daga saurin wuce gona da iri wanda aka ƙaddara dangane da sakamakon lalacewar yanayi kamar yadda Table 1 da ke sama.

Lissafin Matsalar Riskar CRL - BS 7671
BS 7671 sakin layi 443.5 ya ɗauki sassauƙa sigar ƙimar haɗari da aka samo daga cikakken ƙididdigar haɗarin haɗarin BS EN 62305-2. Ana amfani da dabara mai sauƙi don ƙayyade Matakan haɗarin Risididdigar CRL.

CRL shine mafi kyawun gani azaman dama ko damar shigarwa wanda tasirin wucewa mai saurin wucewa ya shafa kuma saboda haka ana amfani dashi don tantance idan ana buƙatar kariyar SPD.

Idan ƙimar CRL ƙasa da 1000 (ko ƙasa da damar 1 a cikin 1000) to za a sanya kariya ta SPD. Hakanan idan ƙimar CRL 1000 ce ko sama da haka (ko mafi girma sama da 1 a cikin 1000 dama) to ba a buƙatar kariyar SPD don shigarwa ba.

Ana samun CRL ta hanyar mai zuwa:
CRL = f_kimanin / (L_P x N_g)

inda:

• f_kimanin lamari ne na muhalli kuma kimar f_kimanin za a zaba bisa ga Table 443.1
• L_P shine tsawon kimar hadarin a cikin kilomita
• N_g shine yawan walƙiyar ƙasa (walƙiya ta kilomita² a kowace shekara) dacewa da wurin layin wutar lantarki da tsarin haɗi

F_kimanin ƙimar ta dogara ne da yanayin tsarin ko wurin da yake. A cikin yankunan karkara ko na kewayen birni, gine-gine sun fi zama sanannu kuma saboda haka sun fi fuskantar yanayi mai yawa na yanayin yanayi idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gine-ginen birane.

LP kimantawar haɗari
An ƙidaya tsawon ƙimar haɗarin LP kamar haka:
L_P = 2L_PAL +L_pcl + 0.4 l_PAH + 0.2 l_PCH (Km)

inda:

• L_PAL shine tsayin (km) na layin da ba shi da ƙarfi
• L_pcl shine tsawon (km) na kebul mai karfin lantarki a karkashin kasa
• L_PAH shine tsawon (km) na layin sama mai karfin wuta
• L_PCH shine tsawon (km) na babbar wutar lantarki ta karkashin kasa

Jimlar tsawon (L_PAL +L_pcl +L_PAH +L_PCH) an iyakance shi zuwa kilomita 1, ko tazara daga na'urar kariya ta farko da aka sanya a cikin cibiyar sadarwar wutar HV (duba hoto) zuwa asalin shigarwar lantarki, ko wanne karami ne.

Idan tsaran cibiyar sadarwar ba ta da cikakkiyar fahimta ko kuma ba a san ta ba to L_PAL za a ɗauka a matsayin daidai da sauran nisan da za a kai duka tsawon kilomita 1. Misali, idan kawai nisan kebul na karkashin kasa aka sani (misali 100 m), mafi mahimmancin yanayin L_PAL za a ɗauka a matsayin daidai da 900 m. An nuna hoton shigarwa wanda yake nuna tsayin tsayin abin da za'a nuna a Hoto na 04 (Hoto 443.3 na BS 7671). .Imar haske mai walƙiya a ƙasa N_g

Flashimar ƙimar filashi ƙasa N_g ana iya ɗauka daga taswirar walƙiyar walƙiya ta Burtaniya a cikin Hoto na 05 (Hoto 443.1 na BS 7671) - kawai ƙayyade inda wurin tsarin yake kuma zaɓi ƙimar Ng ta amfani da maɓallin. Misali, tsakiyar Nottingham yana da darajar Ng na 1. Tare da ƙimar muhalli f_kimanin, Tsawon kimantawar haɗari L_P, da N_g za a iya amfani da ƙima don kammala bayanan dabara don ƙididdigar ƙimar CRL da ƙayyade idan ana buƙatar kariya ta wuce gona da iri ko a'a.

Taswirar lightarfin walƙiya ta Birtaniyya (Hoto na 05) da taƙaitaccen bayani (Hoto na 06) don taimakawa tsarin yanke shawara don aikace-aikacen Sashe na 443 (tare da jagora zuwa Nau'in SPD jagorar zuwa Sashe na 534) ya biyo baya. Hakanan ana ba da wasu misalan lissafin haɗari.

Gwajin haɗari SPD yanke shawara kwarara jadawalin don shigarwa tsakanin iyakar wannan BS 7671 18th Edition

Misalan ƙididdigar matakin haɗari CRL don amfani da SPDs (BS 7671 Annex A443 mai ba da bayani).

Misali na 1 - Ginawa a muhallin karkara a Notts tare da samarda wutar lantarki ta layin sama wanda 0.4 km layi LV ne kuma 0.6 km shine HV line Ground flash density Ng don tsakiyar Notts = 1 (daga Hoto na 05 UK map map).

Yanayin muhalli f_kimanin = 85 (don yanayin karkara - duba Table 2) tsawon kimantawar haɗari L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_pcl + 0.4 l_PAH + 0.2 l_PCH
• L_P = (2 × 0.4) + (0.4 × 0.6)
• L_P  = 1.04

inda:

• L_PAL shine tsayin (km) na layin da yake da ƙananan wuta a sama = 0.4
• L_PAH shine tsawon (km) na layin sama mai karfin wuta = 0.6
• L_pcl shine tsawon (km) na kebul mai karfin lantarki ta karkashin kasa = 0
• LP_CH shine tsayin (kilomita) na kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi = 0

Lissafin Hadarin (CRL)

• CRL = f_kimanin / (L_P . N_g)
• CRL = 85 / (1.04 × 1)
• CRL = 81.7

A wannan yanayin, za a sanya kariya ta SPD kamar yadda ƙimar CRL ta ƙasa da 1000.

Misali na 2 - Gine-gine a cikin muhallin birni wanda yake a arewacin Cumbria wanda ke samar da HV ta karkashin kasa kebul flasharfin filashin ƙasa N_g don arewacin Cumbria = 0.1 (daga Hoto na 05 Burtaniya mai haske mai haske) Yanayin muhalli f_kimanin = 85 (don yanayin kewayen birni - duba Table 2)

Tsawon kimantawar haɗari L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_pcl + 0.4 l_PAH + 0.2 l_PCH
• L_P = 0.2 x1
• L_P = 0.2

inda:

• L_PAL shine tsayin (km) na layin da yake da ƙananan wuta a sama = 0
• L_PAH shine tsawon (km) na layin sama mai karfin wuta = 0
• L_pcl shine tsawon (km) na kebul mai karfin lantarki ta karkashin kasa = 0
• L_PCH shine tsayin (kilomita) na kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi = 1

Lissafin Hadarin (CRL)

• CRL = f_kimanin / (L_P . N_g)
• CRL = 85 / (0.2 × 0.1)
• CRL = 4250

A wannan yanayin, kariyar SPD ba abin buƙata bane kamar yadda ƙimar CRL ta fi 1000 girma.

Misali na 3 - Gine-gine a cikin yanayin birane wanda yake a kudancin Shropshire - ba a san cikakken bayani game da wadatar filayen N_g na kudancin Shropshire = 0.5 (daga Hoto 05 UK taswirar ƙirar filashi). Yanayin muhalli f_kimanin = 850 (don yanayin birane - duba Table 2) Tsawon kimar haɗari L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_pcl + 0.4 l_PAH + 0.2 l_PCH
• L_P = (2 x 1)
• L_P = 2

inda:

• L_PAL shine tsawon (km) na layin wutar lantarki mai ƙananan lantarki = 1 (ba a san cikakken bayani game da wadataccen abinci ba - matsakaicin kilomita 1)
• L_PAH shine tsawon (km) na layin sama mai karfin wuta = 0
• L_pcl shine tsawon (km) na kebul mai karfin lantarki ta karkashin kasa = 0
• L_PCH shine tsayin (kilomita) na kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi = 0

An Levelididdige Matsalar Matsalar CRL

• CRL = f_kimanin / (L_P . N_g)
• CRL = 850 / (2 × 0.5)
• CRL = 850

A wannan halin, za a sanya kariya ta SPD kamar yadda ƙimar CRL ke ƙasa da 1000. Misali na 4 - Gina a cikin yanayin biranen da ke cikin Landan wanda LV ke bayarwa ta hanyar kebul na ƙarƙashin ƙasa Girman filayen ƙasa N_g don London = 0.8 (daga Hoto na 05 UK maɓallin filashi mai haske) Yanayin muhalli f_kimanin = 850 (don yanayin birane - duba Table 2) Tsawon kimar haɗari L_P

• L_P = 2L_PAL +L_pcl + 0.4 l_PAH + 0.2 l_PCH
• L_P = 1

inda:

• L_PAL shine tsayin (km) na layin da yake da ƙananan wuta a sama = 0
• L_PAH shine tsawon (km) na layin sama mai karfin wuta = 0
• L_pcl shine tsawon (km) na kebul mai karfin lantarki ta karkashin kasa = 1
• L_PCH shine tsayin (kilomita) na kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi = 0

Lissafin Hadarin (CRL)

• CRL = f_kimanin / (L_P . N_g)
• CRL = 850 / (1 × 0.8)
• CRL = 1062.5

A wannan yanayin, kariyar SPD ba abin buƙata bane kamar yadda ƙimar CRL ta fi 1000 girma.

Zaɓin kariyar wucewa na wucin gadi Zaɓin SPDs zuwa BS 7671

Zaɓin SPDs zuwa BS 7671
Yankin Sashe na 534 na BS 7671 shine don cimma iyakancewar wuce gona da iri tsakanin tsarin wutar AC don samun haɗin haɗin rufi, daidai da Sashe na 443, da sauran ƙa'idodi, gami da BS EN 62305-4.

Ana samun iyakancewar wuce gona da iri ta hanyar shigar da SPDs kamar yadda aka bayar da shawarwari a Sashe na 534 (don tsarin wutar AC), da BS EN 62305-4 (don sauran ƙarfi da bayanai, sigina ko layukan sadarwa).

Zaɓin SPDs yakamata ya sami iyakancewar juzu'in wucewa na asalin yanayi, da kariya daga wucewar rikice-rikicen da ya haifar da kai tsaye ta walƙiya ko yaɗuwar walƙiya a kewayen ginin da ke da kariyar tsarin Tsarin Walƙiya.

Zabin SPD
Ya kamata a zaɓi SPDs bisa ga bukatun da ke gaba:

• Matakan kariyar lantarki (U_P)
• Cigaba da ƙarfin lantarki (U_C)
• Overaukewar lokaci na ɗan lokaci (U_TOV)
• Maganin sallama na yanzu (I_n) da kuma motsawar halin yanzu (I_imp)
• Kuskuren kuskuren halin yanzu da ƙimar katsewar halin yanzu

Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin zaɓin SPD shine matakin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki (U_P). Matsayin kariya na lantarki na SPD (U_P) dole ne ya zama ƙasa da ƙarfin ƙarfin motsi (U_W) na kayan aikin lantarki masu kariya (wanda aka bayyana a cikin Table 443.2), ko don ci gaba da aiki na kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, tasirin rigakafin sa.

Inda ba a sani ba, ana iya lissafa rigakafi kamar sau biyu na ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki na tsarin lantarki (watau kusan 715 V na 230 V tsarin). Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci waɗanda aka haɗa da tsayayyar wutar lantarki 230/400 V (misali tsarin UPS) zai buƙaci kariya ta SPD tare da U_P ƙasa da Nauyin Na II wanda aka ƙaddara ƙarfin ƙarfin motsi (2.5 kV). Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, kamar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da PC, zasu buƙaci ƙarin kariya ta SPD zuwa Nauyin Na ratedauna ƙarfin ƙarfin motsi (1.5 kV).

Wadannan adadi yakamata a dauke su azaman cimma matakin kariya kadan. SPDs tare da matakan kariyar ƙarfin lantarki (U_P) bayar da kariya mafi kyau, ta:

• Rage haɗari daga haɓakar haɓaka mai haɓakawa akan jagorancin haɗin SPD
• Rage haɗari daga oscillations na lantarki wanda yake iya kaiwa har sau biyu na SPD's U_P a tashoshin kayan aiki
• Tsayawa danniyar kayan aiki zuwa mafi karanci, da inganta rayuwar rayuwa

Ainihin, ingantaccen SPD (SPD * zuwa BS EN 62305) zai fi dacewa da ƙa'idodin zaɓin, saboda irin waɗannan SPDs suna ba da matakan kariya na ƙarfin lantarki (U_P) da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙofofin lalacewar kayan aiki kuma ta haka sun fi tasiri wajen cimma jihar kariya. Kamar yadda yake a kan BS EN 62305, duk SPDs da aka sanya don biyan bukatun BS 7671 zasu dace da samfurin da ƙa'idodin gwaji (jerin BS EN 61643).

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun SPDs, ingantattun SPDs suna ba da fa'idodi na fasaha da tattalin arziki:

• Haɗa haɗin haɗin haɗin kai da kariya ta wuce gona da iri (Rubuta 1 + 2 & Rubuta 1 + 2 + 3)
• Cikakken yanayin (yanayin gama gari da na banbanci) kariya, mai mahimmanci don kiyaye kayan aikin lantarki masu mahimmanci daga kowane nau'i mai saurin wucewa - walƙiya & sauyawa da
• Gudanar da SPD mai inganci a tsakanin rukuni guda tare da girka nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan SPDs don kare kayan aiki

Yarda da BS EN 62305 / BS 7671, BS 7671 Sashe 534 sun mai da hankali kan zaɓi da shigar da SPD don iyakance yawan wuce gona da iri akan samar da wutar AC. BS 7671 Sashe na 443 ya bayyana cewa vol wuce gona da iri da aka watsa ta hanyar tsarin rarraba kayayyaki ba a rage su ba sosai a mafi yawan kayan aiki BS 7671 Sashe 534 don haka ya bada shawarar cewa an sanya SPDs a wurare masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin lantarki:

• Kusan yadda yake iya yiwuwa ga asalin shigarwar (yawanci a cikin babban kwamitin rarrabawa bayan mita)
• Kusan yadda yake iya yiwuwa ga kayan aiki masu mahimmanci (matakin rarraba ƙasa), da na gida zuwa kayan aiki masu mahimmanci

Girkawa akan tsarin 230/400 V TN-CS / TN-S ta amfani da LSP SPDs, don biyan buƙatun BS 7671.

Ta yaya ingantaccen kariya ya ƙunshi ƙofar sabis na SPD don karkatar da igiyoyin walƙiya mai ƙarfi zuwa ƙasa, sannan masu haɗawa da SPDs na gaba a wuraren da suka dace don kare kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.

Zabi SPDs masu dacewa
An rarraba SPDs ta Nau'in cikin BS 7671 bayan bin ƙa'idodin da aka kafa a BS EN 62305.

Inda gini ya hada da LPS mai tsari, ko sabis ɗin ƙarfe da aka haɗa sama da haɗari daga yajin aikin walƙiya kai tsaye, dole ne a girka SPDs na kayan aiki masu ƙarfi (Nau'in 1 ko Nau'in Haɗin Nau'in 1 + 2) a ƙofar sabis, don cire haɗarin walƙiya.

Shigar da nau'ikan 1 SPDs kawai amma ba ya ba da kariya ga tsarin lantarki. Saboda haka yakamata a sanya SPDs mai saurin wucewa (Nau'in 2 da Nau'in 3, ko Nau'in Haɗa Nau'in 1 + 2 + 3 da Nau'in 2 + 3) don shigar da ƙofar sabis. Waɗannan SPDs suna ƙara kariya ga waɗancan rikice-rikicen na wucin gadi wanda ya haifar da walƙiya kai tsaye (ta hanyar haɗuwa ko haɗuwa da ciki) da sauyawar wutar lantarki na kayan aiki.

Haɗa nau'ikan SPDs (kamar LSP FLP25-275 jerin) yana sauƙaƙa sauƙin tsarin zaɓin SPD, ko girkawa a ƙofar sabis ko ƙasa a cikin tsarin lantarki.

Kewayon LSP na SPDs ingantaccen mafita ga BS EN 62305 / BS 7671.
Yankin LSP na SPDs (iko, bayanai da tarho) an fayyace su cikin dukkan aikace-aikace don tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki da mahimman hanyoyin lantarki. Sun zama wani ɓangare na cikakken kariya ta walƙiya ga BS EN 62305. LSP FLP12,5 da FLP25 ikon kayayyakin SPD nau'ikan Nau'in 1 + 2 ne, suna sanya su dacewa da shigarwa a ƙofar sabis, yayin da suke ba da matakan kariya na ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma (wanda aka inganta zuwa BS EN 62305) tsakanin dukkan masu jagora ko hanyoyin. Nunin matsayin aiki yana sanar da mai amfani da:

• Rashin iko
• Rashin lokaci
• Wurin lantarki mai wuce haddi
• Rage kariya

Hakanan ana iya kula da SPD da yanayin wadata ta nesa ta hanyar lambar kyauta.

LSP SLP40 ikon SPDs Kudin kariya mai amfani ga BS 7671

LSP SLP40 kewayon SPDs yana yaba DIN hanyoyin samar da hanyoyin dogo wanda ke ba da kariya mai tasiri don kasuwanci, masana'antu da kayan aikin gida.

• Lokacin da wani abu ya lalace, mai nuna alamar inji zai canza launin kore zuwa ja, yana haifar da sadarwar da babu volt
• A wannan matakin ya kamata a maye gurbin samfurin, amma mai amfani har yanzu yana da kariya yayin tsari da shigarwa
• Lokacin da abubuwan biyu suka lalace, ƙarshen alamar rayuwa zata zama ja sosai

Shigarwa na SPDs Sashe 534, BS 7671
Tsattsauran lokacin haɗin mahaɗan
SPD da aka girka koyaushe zai gabatar da mafi girma ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa kayan aiki idan aka kwatanta da matakin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki (UP) wanda aka bayyana akan takardar bayanan mai ƙera, saboda ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki mai saukad da iska a kan jagororin akan jagororin haɗin SPD.

Sabili da haka, don matsakaicin ƙarfin wuce haddi na wucewa masu ɗaukan mahaɗin SPD dole ne a kiyaye su a takaice kamar yadda zai yiwu. BS 7671 ya bayyana cewa don SPDs da aka sanya a layi daya (shunt), jimlar gubar tsakanin masu jagorantar layi, mai gudanar da kariya da SPD zai fi dacewa kada ya wuce 0.5 m kuma kada ya wuce 1 m. Duba Hoto na 08 (wanda ya wuce gona da iri) misali. Don SPDs da aka sanya a cikin layi (jerin), tsayin jagoran tsakanin mai jagoran kariya da SPD zai fi dacewa kada ya wuce 0.5 m kuma kada ya wuce 1 m.

Mafi kyawun aiki
Shigarwa mara kyau na iya rage tasirin SPDs ƙwarai. Sabili da haka, kiyaye haɗin kai yana haifar da gajarta gwargwadon iko yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka aikin, da rage haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka.

Mafi kyawun fasahohin keɓewa, kamar ɗaure tare haɗa haɗin kai yana jagorantar tsawon tsayinsu yadda ya yiwu, ta amfani da igiyoyin kebul ko kunshin karkace, yana da matuƙar tasiri wajen soke shigarwar.

Haɗin SPD tare da matakin kariya mai ƙarfin lantarki (U_P), da gajere, haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗi yana tabbatar da ingantaccen shigarwa zuwa bukatun BS 7671.

Yankin giciye na masu haɗin mahaɗa
Don SPDs da aka haɗa a asalin asalin shigarwa (ƙofar sabis) BS 7671 yana buƙatar ƙaramar girman yanki na SPDs haɗin haɗin kai (jan ƙarfe ko daidai) zuwa PEmasu jagora bi da bi su zama:
16 mm²/ 6 mm² don Nau'in 1 SPDs
16 mm²/ 6 mm² don Nau'in 1 SPDs