Xob laim thiab kev pov hwm kom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev vov tsev photovoltaic

Tam sim no, ntau cov PV systems raug ntsia. Raws li qhov tseeb tias hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob feem ntau pheej yig dua thiab muab cov hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob ntau los ntawm kab sib chaws, PV systems yuav dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa kev siv hluav taws xob yav tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab ke no sib xyaw nrog txhua qhov huab cua thiab yuav tsum tiv thaiv lawv dhau ntau caum xyoo.

Cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm PV systems nquag nkag mus hauv lub tsev thiab txuas ntxiv mus ntev kom txog thaum lawv mus txog ntawm daim phiaj kev sib txuas.

Xob laim tso tawm hluav taws xob ua rau teb chaw thiab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam. Cov nyhuv no nce ntxiv hauv kev sib txuas nrog qhov txuas rau kom ntev dua cable los yog cov coj ntawm loops. Kev kub ntxhov tsis yog tsuas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm PV modules, kev hloov pauv thiab lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob saib xyuas tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hauv lub tsev teeb tsa.

Tseem ceeb tshaj, cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev kuj tseem tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab cov chaw tsim khoom kuj tuaj yeem nres.

Yog tias surges raug txhaj rau hauv cov chaw uas nyob deb ntawm daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob, uas tseem hu ua cov tshuab hluav taws xob kaw PV, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci (piv txwv li cov cuab yeej siv kho mob, dej tso dej) yuav cuam tshuam.

Qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub viav vias tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob

Lub zog tso tawm los ntawm xob laim tawm yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem kub ntxhov feem ntau. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab hluav taws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog tias muaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau lub tsev.

Ntawm theem tsim ntawm cov txheej txheem PV, nws pom tseeb tias puas muaj kev thaiv hluav taws xob teeb nruab rau hauv tsev. Qee lub tebchaws cov kev cai ua lub tsev xav kom pej xeem cov tsev (piv txwv li cov chaw pej xeem, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tsev kho mob) yuav tsum muaj lub thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub tuam tsev lossis thaj chaw ntiag tug, nws nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw, hom kev tsim kho thiab kev siv seb puas yuav tiv thaiv xob laim hluav taws xob Txog qhov kawg no, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tsum muaj xob laim ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob xav tau lossis yuav ua rau muaj kev rau txim loj. Cov kev teeb tsa uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muaj lub tshuab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub teeb liab tas mus li.

Raws li lub xeev ntawm kev paub txog fab txuj ci thiab thev naus laus zis, kev teeb tsa ntawm PV modules tsis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tawm tsam xob laim. Yog li, kev thov rau kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv xob laim tuaj yeem tsis raug muab ncaj qha los ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm PV system. Txawm li cas los xij, kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug txhaj rau hauv lub tsev dhau los ntawm cov kab ke no.

Yog li, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam hluav taws xob raws li IEC 62305-2 (EN 62305-2) thiab coj los ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo no mus rau hauv tus account thaum nruab PV system.

Tshooj 4.5 (Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb) ntawm Kev Txhawb Ntxiv 5 ntawm German DIN EN 62305-3 tus qauv qhia tau hais tias kev tiv thaiv xob laim tsim qauv rau chav kawm ntawm LPS III (LPL III) ua tau raws li cov kev cai ib txwm siv rau PV systems. Ntxiv rau, kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tsim nyog tau teev nyob rau hauv German VdS 2010 cov lus qhia (Kev phom sij thiab taw kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob) luam tawm los ntawm German Insurance Association. Cov lus qhia no tseem xav tau tias LPL III thiab yog li kev tiv thaiv ua hluav taws xob raws li chav kawm ntawm LPS III raug ntsia rau lub nruab vuv tsev PV cov tshuab (> 10 kW_p) thiab cov kev tiv thaiv kom loj ntxiv. Raws li txoj cai dav dav, cov txheej txheem photovoltaic nyob sab hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsuas kev tiv thaiv xob laim uas twb muaj lawm.

Qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom hnyav rau PV system

Thaum muaj hluav taws xob xob laim, tawm mus los ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob. Surge tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej (SPDs) uas yuav tsum tau nruab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntawm qhov ac, dc thiab cov ntaub ntawv sab tau ua pov thawj zoo tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Tshooj 9.1 ntawm CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 tus qauv (Xaiv thiab kev siv cov ntsiab lus - SPDs txuas nrog photovoltaic installations) hu rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom thaiv tiv thaiv tshwj tsis yog muaj kev pheej hmoo soj ntsuam pom tias SPD tsis tas yuav tsum muaj. Raws li IEC 60364-4-44 (HD 60364-4-44) tus qauv, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nruab rau cov vaj tsev tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv sab nraud xws li lub tsev lag luam thiab chaw tsim khoom, piv txwv li cov chaw hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Ntxiv 5 ntawm German DIN EN 62305-3 tus qauv muab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm hom SPD thiab lawv qhov chaw nruab.

Kev xa xov cable ntawm PV system

Cov kab xoos yuav tsum ua kom muaj txoj kev zoo li kev zam lub voj loj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau pom thaum sib sau ua ke cov dc circuits los ua txoj hlua thiab thaum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ntau txoj hlua. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov kab sensor yuav tsum tsis txhob hla dhau ob peb txoj hlua thiab tsim cov neeg xyuas kom loj cov hlua nrog cov kab sib txuas. Qhov no yuav tsum tau pom thaum muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub inverter rau txoj kab sib txuas. Vim li no, lub zog (dc thiab ac) thiab cov kab xov xwm (piv txwv li hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, ntsuas kev soj ntsuam) yuav tsum tau nrog cov kab sib txuas ua ke nrog cov kab ke sib txuas ua ke nrog lawv txhua txoj kev.

Kev ntsuas ntawm PV systems

PV modules feem ntau yog tsau rau ntawm cov xov tooj hlau tshuab. Cov nyob PV Cheebtsam ntawm dc sab lub ntsiab lus ob chav lossis ntxiv kev rwb thaiv tsev (piv rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dhau los) raws li xav tau hauv IEC 60364-4-41 tus qauv. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau cov thev naus laus zis rau sab module thiab inverter sab (piv txwv li nrog lossis tsis muaj kev sib cais galvanic) ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, lub rwb thaiv tsev ntsuas kab ke ua ke rau hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsuas yog siv tau tas mus li yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas nrog lub ntiaj teb. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nqis tes ua tau yog muab rau hauv Ntxiv 5 ntawm German DIN EN 62305-3 tus qauv. Cov xov hlau txuas tau ua haujlwm zoo yog tias lub kaw lus PV nyob hauv qhov ntim tiv thaiv ntawm huab cua kaw haujlwm thiab kev sib cais deb yog tswj. Tshooj 7 ntawm Ntxiv Ntxiv 5 yuav tsum muaj cov neeg zaws tooj liab nrog cov kab uas hla ntawm tsawg kawg 6 hli² lossis sib npaug rau kev ua tau zoo (Daim Duab 1). Cov theem ntawm cov ntsia hlau kuj tseem yuav tsum txuas ua tas mus li los ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov neeg coj ntawm ntu kev hla no. Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas ncaj qha rau cov hluav taws xob sab nraud tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv vim qhov tseeb tias qhov kev sib cais deb s tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau, cov kab hluav taws xob no ua ib feem ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob equipotential ua ke. Thiaj li, cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqa tau cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tam sim no. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tsawg tshaj plaws rau lub teeb hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tsim rau chav kawm ntawm LPS III yog tus neeg tuav tooj liab nrog kab ntsig ntawm 16 hli² lossis sib npaug. Tsis tas li, hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yuav tsum txuas mus tas li los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg coj ntawm ntu kev hla no (Daim Duab 2). Cov cuab yeej ua kom zoo li tus ntsia / hluav taws xob equipotential sib txuas ua ke yuav tsum tau sib yws thiab nyob ze li sai tau rau ntawm dc thiab ac cables / kab.

UNI earthing clamps (Daim Duab 3) tuaj yeem kho tau ntawm txhua hom kab ke mounting. Lawv txuas, piv txwv li, cov tooj liab tooj txhuam nrog qhov txiav ntu ntawm 6 lossis 16 hli² thiab cov kab plaub hau hauv av uas muaj qhov taub ntawm 8 txog 10 hli mus rau qhov chaw nruab xov nruab nrab uas lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov hluav taws xob xob laim. Kev sib xyaw ua ke steel hlau (V4A) phaj tiv thaiv ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev xeb rau lub kav hlau txhuas.

Kev sib cais deb s as per IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) Ib qho kev sib cais deb s yuav tsum raug tswj nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim thiab lub kaw lus PV. Nws txhais qhov kev ncua deb uas yuav tsum tau zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov flashover mus rau qhov chaw cov hlau uas nyob ib sab los ntawm kev tawm tsam hluav taws xob mus rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud. Hauv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, xws li lub qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem teeb tsa tsev nyob. Hauv qhov no, kev puas tsuaj rau PV system ua tsis raug.

Cov duab ntxoo ntxoo rau hnub ci hlwb

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub nruab hnub ci hluav taws xob thiab lub teeb hluav taws xob sab nraud tiv thaiv kab ke yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv ntau tshaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Diffuse ntxoov ntxoo nrum los ntawm, piv txwv li, nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab, tsis txhob cuam tshuam loj heev rau PV system thiab cov paib. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov duab ntxoo ntxoo, qhov tsaus ntuj qhia meej ntxoo duab ntxoov ntxoo tau pov rau saum npoo tom qab ib qho khoom, hloov qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm PV modules. Vim li no, lub hnub ci hlwb thiab cov txuam nrog bypass diodes yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm cov duab ntxoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj kom nyob deb. Piv txwv li, yog tias huab cua tso tawm cov pas nrig nrog lub taub 10 hli ntxoov ntxoo rau lub module, cov duab ntxoo tseem ceeb txo qis raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov module nce ntxiv. Tom qab 1.08 m tsuas yog lub duab ntxoov ntxoo diffuse tau muab pov rau ntawm qhov ntsuas (daim duab 4). Daim Ntawv Ntxiv A ntawm Cov Lus Ntxiv 5 ntawm German DIN EN 62305-3 tus qauv muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv rau ntawm kev suav ntawm cov duab ntxoo.

Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb zoo rau qhov dc ib sab ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic

U / I tus yam ntxwv ntawm photovoltaic cov khoom siv niaj hnub no txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv tso cai dc: Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis xwm yeem (daim duab 5) thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntev ntawm cov roj av tiv. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm PV tam sim no cov khoom siv tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais cov kev hloov hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab PV fuses, tab sis kuj muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau cov khoom tiv thaiv kom zoo uas tau yoog raws li cov xwm txheej no tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm tiv nrog PV tam sim no. Ntxiv 5 ntawm German DIN EN 62305-3 tus qauv (ntu 5.6.1, Rooj 1) qhia txog kev xaiv SPDs kom tsim nyog.

Txhawm rau pab xaiv qhov hom 1 SPDs, Daim Duab 1 thiab 2 qhia qhov yuav tsum tau muaj xob laim impulse nqa khoom tam sim no muaj peev xwm I_imp nyob ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm LPS, tus lej ntawm cov coj ntawm sab nraud xob laim thaiv kev tiv thaiv sab nrauv raws li hom SPD (hom hluav taws xob-txiav tawm cov pa hluav taws xob los yog cov xaim hluav taws xob uas muaj cov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg ntes). SPDs uas ua tau raws li cov cai EN 50539-11 siv tau yuav tsum siv. Ntu 9.2.2.7 ntawm CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 kuj hais txog cov qauv no.

Hom 1 dc arrester rau kev siv hauv PV systems:

Kev siv ntau hom 1 + hom 2 sib txuas ua ke dc arrester FLP7-PV. Qhov dc switching device no muaj qhov sib txuas sib txuas thiab luv luv ntaus nrog Thermo Dynamic Control thiab lub fuse hauv kev hla kev. Qhov hluav taws xob no txuas yam tsis raug ntes lub ntes los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm txheej ntau dhau thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov hluav taws xob dc. Yog li, nws tso cai tiv thaiv PV generators txog 1000 A yam tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv fuse. Tus neeg ntes no ua ke nrog lub teeb ci tam sim no tus neeg ntes thiab tus neeg ntes kaw hauv ib lub cuab yeej, yog li ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav. Nrog nws cov peev txheej tawm tau I_{tag nrho cov} ntawm 12.5 kA (10/350 μs), nws tuaj yeem siv tau ywj pheej rau cov chav kawm siab tshaj plaws ntawm LPS. FLP7-PV muaj rau hluav taws xob U_CPV ntawm 600 V, 1000 V, thiab 1500 V thiab muaj qhov dav ntawm tsuas yog 3 modules. Yog li, FLP7-PV yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom 1 txuas ntes coj mus siv rau hauv tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic.

Voltage-switch spark-gap-based type 1 SPDs, piv txwv li, FLP12,5-PV, yog lwm lub tshuab muaj zog uas muaj peev xwm tso tawm cov hluav taws xob qee ntu xob laim hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dc PV systems. Ua tsaug rau nws lub txim hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis thiab hluav taws xob dc txuas hluav taws xob uas tso cai rau kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv qhov hluav taws xob, qhov no cov neeg ntes tau muaj lub teeb hluav taws xob tsis txaus siab tam sim no_{tag nrho cov} ntawm 50 kA (10/350 μs) uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua lag luam.

Hom 2 dc ntes rau kev siv hauv PV systems: SLP40-PV

Kev khiav lag luam txhim khu kev qha ntawm SPDs hauv dc PV circuits kuj tseem ceeb heev thaum siv hom 2 txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Txog qhov kawg no, SLP40-PV series cov neeg caij tsheb ntes tau kuj muaj qhov txhaum txhaum Y tiv thaiv kab hluav taws xob thiab tseem txuas nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV txog li 1000 A yam tsis muaj qhov txuas fuse ntxiv.

Cov thev naus laus zis sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov neeg ntes no tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv vim muaj kev ua txhaum nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob hauv PV Circuit Court, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub ntawm tus neeg ntes ntau tshaj thiab ua rau tus neeg raug ntes rau hauv lub xeev hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm PV system. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tiv thaiv Circuit Court, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob-qhov txwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv tag nrho txawm tias hauv cov kab hluav taws xob hauv dc ntawm PV systems. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom tiv thaiv txuas mus tas li kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob tsawg me me.

Kev Xaiv SPDs raws li kev tiv thaiv voltage theem U_p

Kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm dc sab ntawm PV system sib txawv ntawm qhov system mus rau. Tam sim no, tus nqi mus rau 1500 V dc muaj peev xwm ua tau. Thiaj li, lub zog dielectric ntawm cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg kuj txawv. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias PV system muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, tiv thaiv voltage theem U_p rau SPD yuav tsum qis dua dielectric lub zog ntawm PV system nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv. CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 tus qauv tseev kom tias Up yog tsawg kawg 20% ​​qis dua dielectric lub zog ntawm PV system. Hom 1 lossis hom 2 SPD yuav tsum yog lub zog sib koom tes nrog cov tswv yim ntawm cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg. Yog hais tias SPDs twb tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg, kev sib koom tes ntawm hom 2 SPD thiab cov haujlwm nkag ntawm cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg yog paub tseeb los ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom.

Piv txwv li ntawv thov:

Lub tsev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud (teeb meem A)

Daim duab 12 qhia txog lub tswv yim tiv thaiv kev pov hwm zoo rau PV system nruab rau hauv lub tsev tsis muaj txheej txheem tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud. Cov xwm txheej phom sij nkag mus rau hauv PV system vim kev sib txuas sab hauv los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob nyob ze lossis taug kev los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm cov kev pabcuam nkag mus rau cov neeg siv khoom nruab. Hom 2 SPD yog yuav muab coj los nruab rau ntawm cov chaw hauv qab no:

- dc sab ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob thiab cov hloov pauv

- ac tso zis ntawm lub zog

- Lub ntsiab faib hluav taws xob tsawg-board

- Kev sib txuas lus wired

Txhua qhov dc tawm tswv yim (MPP) ntawm lub inverter yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hom 2 txheej txheej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, SLP40-PV series, uas tso siab rau tiv thaiv dc sab ntawm PV tshuab. CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 tus qauv tseev kom yuav tsum muaj ib hom ntxiv 2 dc ntes tau raug ntsia ntawm sab module yog tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov nkag inverter thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV tshaj li 10 m.

Cov tso tawm ac ntawm cov inverters muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo yog tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm PV inverters thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm hom 2 tus neeg raug ntes ntawm daim phiaj txuas hluav taws xob (hluav taws xob tsawg hluav taws xob) yog tsawg dua 10 m. Thaum muaj qhov ntau dua cable ntev, ib hom ntxiv 2 txheej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, SLP40-275 series, yuav tsum muab ntsia rau sab saud ntawm ac cov lus ntawm cov inverter raws li CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12.

Ntxiv mus, ib hom 2 SLP40-275 series txheej txheem tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yuav tsum muab nruab rau qhov ntsuas dej ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob qis. CI (Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Circuit Court) sawv cev rau kev sib xyaw fuse sib xyaw rau hauv txoj kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg ntes, tso cai rau tus neeg ntes coj mus siv rau hauv ac ib puag ncig tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv fuse. SLP40-275 series muaj rau txhua qhov hluav taws xob qis tsim qauv (TN-C, TN-S, TT).

Yog cov inverters txuas nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kab ntsuas los saib xyuas cov paib, cov khoom tsim nyog tiv thaiv kom zoo yuav tsum muaj. FLD2 series, uas muaj cov terminals rau ob khub, piv txwv li rau cov kab thiab cov ntaub ntawv kab, tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntaub ntawv siv raws RS 485.

Lub tsev nrog lub nruab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud thiab cov sib cais sib nrug txaus (s xwm txheej B)

Daim duab 13 qhia pom cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev nrawm rau lub kaw lus PV nrog kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud thiab sib cais txaus sib nrug s ntawm PV system thiab sab nraud tiv thaiv xob laim system.

Lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg thiab vaj tse (hluav taws) ua rau muaj hluav taws xob tawm tsam. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub kaw lus PV tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub teeb hluav taws xob tiv thaiv sab nraud. Ntxiv mus, PV system nws tus kheej yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam xob laim ncaj qha. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev kaw lus PV yuav tsum muab nruab rau hauv lub ntim tiv thaiv ntawm sab nraud tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Qhov ntim tiv thaiv no yog tsim los ntawm huab cua kaw cov tshuab (xws li huab cua kev txiav cov pas nrig) ​​uas tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau PV modules thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob. Txoj kev tiv thaiv kaum sab xis qauv (Daim duab 14) los yog dov tus kheej qauv (Daim duab 15) raws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu 5.2.2 ntawm IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) tus qauv yuav raug siv los txiav txim siab cov ntim tiv thaiv no. Ib qhov kev sib cais deb s yuav tsum raug tswj ntawm txhua qhov kev coj ua ntawm PV system thiab xob laim tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, tub ntxhais cov duab ntxoo yuav tsum tiv thaiv los ntawm, piv txwv li, tswj kev nrug kom deb ntawm huab cua kev txiav cov pas nrig thiab PV module.

Xob laim hluav taws xob equipotential ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ke tiv thaiv xob laim. Nws yuav tsum raug siv rau txhua txoj kev coj ua thiab kab nkag mus hauv lub tsev uas tuaj yeem nqa hluav taws xob xob laim. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txuas ncaj qha rau tag nrho cov tshuab hlau thiab ncaj qha kev txuas txhua lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob ntawm hom 1 xob laim tam sim no cov neeg raug ntes rau hauv ntiaj teb-rhuav tshem cov kab ke. Xob laim hluav taws xob ua ke nrog kev sib khi yuav tsum ua kom ze li sai tau rau qhov chaw nkag rau hauv lub tsev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob qee ntu hluav taws xob tsis pub nkag mus hauv lub tsev. Daim phiaj kev sib txuas ntawm daim phiaj yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm multipole spark-gap-based type 1 SPD, piv txwv li, hom 1 FLP25GR ua ke nrog ntes. Tus neeg ntes no ua ke nrog lub teeb ci tam sim no tus neeg ntes thiab tus neeg ntes ntes hauv ib lub cuab yeej. Yog tias cov xov cable ntev ntawm tus neeg ntes thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg dua 10 m, kev tiv thaiv txaus. Yog tias qhov ntau dua cable ntev, hom ntxiv 2 sab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau nruab ib qho dej ntawm ac lub tswv yim ntawm cov inverters raws li CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12.

Txhua dc lub tswv yim ntawm inverter yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hom 2 PV ntes, piv txwv li, SLP40-PV series (Daim duab 16). Qhov no kuj siv rau kev hloov khoom siv tsis tau. Yog tias cov inverters txuas nrog rau kab cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, txhawm rau soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig, kom tiv thaiv cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo yuav tsum muab ntsia los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm. Rau lub hom phiaj no, FLPD2 series tuaj yeem muab rau kab nrog cov cim teeb liab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav xws li RS485. Nws pom cov kev ua haujlwm voltage ntawm lub teeb liab tseem ceeb thiab kho cov kev tiv thaiv voltage rau theem no kev khiav hauj lwm voltage.

High-voltage-resistant, insulated HVI Tus Kws Ntaus Khoom

Lwm qhov ua tau kom muaj qhov sib cais tsis sib xws yog siv hluav taws xob tsis tiv thaiv, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv HVI Cov Cuam Tshuam uas tso cai kom tswj kev sib cais deb s txog 0.9 m ntawm huab cua. HVI Cov Cuam Tshuam tuaj yeem ncaj qha ncaj qha rau PV system qis txuas ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom sib khi. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv ntawm kev thov thiab kev teeb tsa HVI Cov Cuam Tshuam muaj nyob hauv phau ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob lossis hauv cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa uas cuam tshuam.

Lub tsev nrog lub teeb ci sab nraud tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nrog kev sib cais tsis txaus (teeb meem C)

Yog tias cov vov tsev yog ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis tsim los ntawm PV system nws tus kheej, qhov kev sib cais deb s tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. Cov hlau sib xyaw ntawm PV mounting system yuav tsum txuas nrog cov hluav taws xob sab nraud tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev uas lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov hluav taws xob xob laim (tooj liab xaim nrog tus hla ntu ntawm tsawg kawg 16 hli² lossis sib npaug). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias xob laim equipotential ua ke yuav tsum tau siv rau cov kab PV nkag mus hauv lub tsev los ntawm sab nraud (Daim Duab 17). Raws li Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv 5 ntawm German DIN EN 62305-3 tus qauv thiab CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 tus qauv, cov kab dc yuav tsum tiv thaiv los ntawm hom 1 SPD rau PV systems.

Rau lub hom phiaj no, muaj hom 1 thiab hom 2 FLP7-PV sib koom ua ke ntes. Xob laim hluav taws xob equipotential ua ke yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Yog tias PV inverter (s) yog (yog) nyob rau ntau dua 10 m los ntawm hom 1 SPD nruab rau ntawm kab sib chaws sib kis, ib qho ntxiv 1 SPD yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm ac sab ntawm inverter (s) (xws li hom 1 + hom 2 FLP25GR ua ke ntes. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo yuav tsum tau nruab los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam rau kev soj ntsuam tawm los. FLD2 series txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau siv los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv system, piv txwv li, raws li RS 485.

PV systems nrog microinverters

Cov microinverters xav kom muaj cov tswvyim tiv thaiv qog sib txawv. Txog qhov kawg no, dc cov kab ntawm ib qho module lossis khub ntawm cov qauv txuas tau ncaj qha nrog cov ntsuas hluav taws xob me. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov kauj neeg tsim nyog yuav tsum raug zam. Inductive txuas rau hauv cov qauv me me ntawm dc feem ntau tsuas yog muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog tsawg. Cov cabling dav dav ntawm cov PV system nrog microinverters yog nyob ntawm ac sab (Daim duab 18). Yog hais tias lub microinverter ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov qauv, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom zoo tuaj yeem tsuas yog ntsia ntawm ac sab:

- Cov tsev uas tsis muaj qhov thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud = hom 2 SLP40-275 cov neeg raug ntes rau kev hloov pauv / peb-theem tam sim no hauv qhov sib ze rau cov microinverters thiab SLP40-275 ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsawg.

- Cov tsev tsim hluav taws xob sab nraud tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv sab nraud thiab txaus sib cais sib nrug deb s = hom 2 ntes, piv txwv li, SLP40-275, ze rau cov microinverters thiab xob laim tam sim no nqa hom 1 tus neeg raug ntes ntawm cov hluav taws xob qis, piv txwv, FLP25GR.

- Cov tsev tsim hluav taws xob tiv thaiv sab nraud thiab cov hluav taws xob sib cais tsis txaus sib txawv s = hom 1 ntes, piv txwv, SLP40-275, ze rau cov microinverters thiab xob laim tam sim no nqa hom 1 FLP25GR cov neeg raug ntes ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsawg.

Kev ywj pheej ntawm cov lag luam tshwj xeeb, microinverters cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam tshuab. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov kho rau cov kab ac ntawm cov microinverters, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom zoo yuav tsum tau muab rau ntawm qhov tau txais kev sib cais (cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm / cov ntaub ntawv ua). Tib yam siv rau qhov kev sib txuas sib txuas nrog kev tsheb npav sab hauv tsheb thiab lawv cov hluav taws xob (piv txwv li Ethernet, ISDN).

Hnub ci tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Lawv yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo tam sim no thiab muaj cov neeg raug ntes, yog li ua haujlwm ntev ntev tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov peev txheej no.