Xob laim hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab tiv thaiv overvoltage

Xob laim hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab tiv thaiv overvoltage

Overvoltage ntawm atmospheric keeb kwm
Overvoltage cov ntsiab lus

Overvoltage (hauv ib qho system) txhua qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ib theem tus neeg xyuas pib thiab lub ntiaj teb lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov theem conductors muaj lub siab tus nqi tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov siab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv txhais tau los ntawm International Electrotechnical Cov Lus (IEV 604-03-09)

Ntau hom overvoltage

Ib qho overvoltage yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob voltage lossis nthwv dej uas yog superimposed ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub network (saib Daim duab J1)

Qhov no hom ntawm overvoltage yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm (saib Daim duab J2):

• lub sijhawm sawv tf (hauv μs);
• qhov gradient S (hauv kV / μs).

Ib qho overvoltage cuam tshuam cov khoom siv thiab tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Ntxiv mus, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm overvoltage (T) ua rau lub zog ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov khoom siv.
Daim duab J2 - Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm overvoltage

Plaub yam ntawm overvoltage tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab thauj khoom:

• Kev hloov pauv surges: high-zaus overvoltages los yog tawg tawg (saib Daim duab J1) tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev-khov kho nyob rau hauv lub xaim hluav taws xob (thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm switchgear).
• Fais fab-zaus overvoltages: overvoltages ntawm tib zaus raws li lub network (50, 60, lossis 400 Hz) tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov tas mus li ntawm lub xeev hauv lub network (tom qab ua txhaum: rwb thaiv kev txhaum, rhuav tshem ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib, thiab lwm yam).
• Overvoltages tshwm sim los ntawm electrostatic tawm: luv heev overvoltages (ob peb nanoseconds) ntawm qhov ntau heev tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tawm ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob tsub (piv txwv li, ib tug neeg taug kev ntawm cov ntaub pua plag nrog insulating tsuas yog hluav taws xob them nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ob peb kilovolts).
• Overvoltages ntawm atmospheric keeb kwm.

Overvoltage cov yam ntxwv ntawm atmospheric keeb kwm

Xob laim hluav taws xob nyob hauv ob peb lub duab: Xob laim hluav taws xob ua tawm qhov ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog ntau heev (saib daim duab J4)

• ntawm ob peb txhiab amperes (thiab ob peb txhiab volts)
• ntawm kev loj heev (kwv yees li 1 megahertz)
• ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv (los ntawm microsecond mus rau millisecond)

Txij li 2000 thiab 5000 cua daj cua dub yog qhov niaj hnub tsim thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov cua daj cua dub no nrog cov duab hluav taws xob sib txuas uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai rau tib neeg thiab khoom siv. Xob laim hluav taws xob nplaim hluav taws hauv av ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 30 txog 100 tus cwj nrag hauv ib ob, piv txwv li 3 billion xob laim ntaus hauv ib xyoos.

Cov lus hauv Daim duab J3 qhia txog qee cov teeb pom kev zoo ua kom muaj nuj nqis nrog lawv yam tshwm sim. Raws li tau pom, 50% ntawm hluav taws xob xob laim muaj qhov tam sim no tshaj li 35 kA thiab 5% ib qho tam sim no tshaj 100 kA. Lub zog xa nrog xob laim ntawm hluav taws xob yog vim li ntawd ntau heev.

Daim duab J3 - Cov piv txwv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tso hluav taws xob muaj nuj nqis muab los ntawm IEC 62305-1 tus qauv (2010 - Rooj A.3)

Daim duab J4 - Piv txwv ntawm xob laim tam sim no

Xob laim kuj ua rau muaj hluav taws ntau, feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb (ua rau cov tsev puas los yog ua rau lawv tsis zoo siv). Cov tuam tsev siab siab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj hluav taws xob xob laim.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob

Xob laim tsim kev puas tsuaj rau hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hauv qhov tshwj xeeb: hloov hluav taws xob, ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm ob qho chaw nyob thiab chaw lag luam.

Tus nqi kho ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm xob laim yog siab heev. Tab sis nws yuav nyuaj rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm:

• kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsim kho hauv koos pis tawj thiab kev sib txuas lus;
• cov kev ua yuam kev tsim tawm hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov phiaj xwm maub los tswj cov kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm lub tshuab.

Ntxiv mus, tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm poob peev yuav siab tshaj tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej rhuav tshem.

Xob laim teeb liab cuam tshuam

Xob laim yog qhov tshwm sim ntau qhov hluav taws xob uas ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm txhua yam khoom ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb ntawm hluav taws xob cabling thiab khoom siv.

Xob laim ntaus hluav taws xob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob (thiab / lossis hluav taws xob) lub tsev ntawm ob txoj kev:

• los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm xob laim ntaus ntawm lub tsev (saib Daim duab J5 a);
• los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub tsev:
• Xob laim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem poob ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas siv hluav taws xob dhau ib qho kev txhawb nqa cov tsev (saib Daim duab J5 b). Lub overcurrent thiab overvoltage tuaj yeem kis tau ob peb mais ntawm qhov kis ntawm.
• Lub teeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem poob ze ntawm kab hluav taws xob (saib Daim duab J5 c). Nws yog qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob tam sim no uas ua rau lub siab tam sim no thiab overvoltage ntawm cov hluav taws xob fais fab network. Hauv ob kis tom ntej no, qhov muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug thiab cov hluav taws xob kis tau xa los ntawm lub tshuab fais fab.

Lub teeb ntawm hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nyob ze ntawm lub tsev (saib Daim duab J5 d). Lub ntiaj teb muaj peev xwm nyob ib puag ncig ntawm taw tes ntawm kev hloov siab.

Daim duab J5 - Ntau yam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob

Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, qhov tshwm sim rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab thauj khoom yuav txaus ntshai.

Daim duab J6 - Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb meem ntawm ntaj xob laim

Xob laim poob ntawm cov tsev tiv thaiv tsis tau.	Xob laim poob ze rau ib kab nyiaj siv ua ntej tawm.	Xob laim poob ze ntawm ib lub tsev.
Lub xob laim tam sim no ntws mus rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ntau los yog tsawg dua kev coj ua ntawm lub tsev nrog kev cuam tshuam zoo heev: cov teebmeem thermal: ua nruj ua tsiv rau cov khoom kub, ua rau hluav taws kub txhua yam tshuab: cov qauv txav tsis hloov thermal flashover: Qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai heev thaum muaj cov nplaim taws lossis cov khoom tawg (hydrocarbons, plua plav, thiab lwm yam)	Lub xob laim hluav taws xob tam sim no ua rau overvoltages los ntawm electromagnetic induction hauv kev faib khoom. Cov overvoltages tshaj tawm raws cov kab mus rau cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob sab hauv cov tsev.	Lub teeb ntawm xob laim tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo tib yam li cov piav tau tawm tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xob laim tam sim no nce rov qab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb mus rau lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob, yog li ua rau cov khoom tawg.
Lub tsev thiab cov teeb tsa sib txuas sab hauv lub tsev feem ntau raug rhuav tshem	Cov twj siv hluav taws xob sab hauv lub tsev feem ntau raug rhuav tshem.

Qhov ntau hom qauv ntawm kev tshaj tawm

Ntau hom

Cov hom overvoltages tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nyob thiab lub ntiaj teb: theem-rau-ntiaj teb lossis nruab nrab-rau-lub ntiaj teb (saib Daim duab J7). Lawv txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv uas nws thav ntawv txuas nrog rau lub ntiaj teb vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm dielectric tawg.

Daim duab J7 - Ntau hom

Ntau hom

Plawg-hom overvoltages tshwm sim ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib:

ntu-rau-theem lossis theem-rau-nruab nrab (saib Daim duab J8). Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv rhiab xws li khoos phis tawm, thiab lwm yam.

Daim duab J8 - Ntau hom

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm xob nthwv dej

Kev tsom xam ntawm qhov tshwm sim tso cai rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm hom xob laim hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab hluav taws xob voltage.

• 2 hom nthwv dej tam sim no txiav txim siab los ntawm IEC cov qauv:
• 10/350 µs nthwv dej: kom paub qhov tseeb ntawm nthwv dej tam sim no los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha (pom duab J9);

Daim duab J9 - 10/350 µs tam sim no nthwv dej

• 8/20 waves nthwv dej: txhawm rau paub qhov tam sim no tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis pom kev ncaj ncaj (saib Daim duab J10).

Daim duab J10 - 8/20 µs tam sim no nthwv dej

Qhov ob hom ntawm hluav taws xob xob laim tam sim no tau siv los txhais cov kev sim ntawm SPDs (IEC txuj 61643-11) thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob xob.

Tus nqi siab ntawm nthwv dej tam sim no cim qhov siv ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob.

Cov overvoltages tsim los ntawm xob laim tsim muaj cim ntawm 1.2 / 50 µs voltage nthwv dej (saib Daim duab J11).

Qhov hom voltage nthwv dej no yog siv los xyuas cov khoom siv tiv taus rau kev sib tsoo ntawm cov cua hauv keeb kwm (impulse voltage as per IEC 61000-4-5).

Daim duab J11 - 1.2 / 50 µs voltage nthwv dej

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim
Cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim

Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam xob laim
Cov kab ke rau kev tiv thaiv lub tsev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm xob laim yuav tsum muaj:

• kev tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv cov xob laim ncaj qha;
• kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev teeb tsa tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm xob laim yog los tiv thaiv lub zog kev puas tsuaj kom ncav cuag cov khoom siv rhiab. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum:

• ntes cov xob laim tam sim no thiab channel nws rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm txoj kev ncaj qha tshaj plaws (zam qhov chaw ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv rhiab);
• ua kev sib luag equipotential ntawm installation; Qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib koom tes no yog nqis tes los ntawm kev sib koom tes cov neeg tsav tsheb, ntxiv los ntawm Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) lossis cov khoob khoob khoob khoob (piv txwv, kav hlau txais xov mast txim hluav taws xob).
• txo qis txia thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txhim kho SPDs thiab / lossis cov ntxaij lim dej. Ob lub tshuab thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau siv los tshem tawm lossis txwv kev tiv thaiv: lawv paub tias lub tsev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (rau sab nraud ntawm cov tuam tsev) thiab cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (rau sab hauv vaj tse).

Kev tiv thaiv lub tsev

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog los tiv thaiv nws tawm tsam hluav taws xob ncaj qha.
Lub kaw lus muaj:

• cov cuab yeej ntes: lub zog tiv thaiv xob laim;
• down-conductors tsim los xa cov xob laim tam sim no rau lub ntiaj teb;
• “Pawg“ ko taw ”lub ntiaj teb ua cov coj sib txuas ua ke;
• kev sib txuas ntawm txhua daim hlau xaim hlau (kab ke sib txig sib luag) thiab lub ntiaj teb ua.

Thaum lub xob laim tam sim no ntws hauv tus neeg xyuas pib, yog tias muaj peev xwm sib txawv tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov thav ntawv txuas nrog rau lub ntiaj teb uas nyob hauv qhov chaw ze, tom kawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam flashovers.

Qhov 3 hom kev tiv thaiv xob laim
Peb hom kev tiv thaiv lub tsev raug siv:

Lub xob laim qws (cov pas nrig yooj yim lossis nrog qhov tawm tuaj)

Lub laim qws laim yog qhov kev qhia nws yog xim hlau ci tso rau saum toj ntawm lub tsev. Nws tau sib nrug los ntawm ib lossis ntau dua cov coj (feem ntau tooj liab) (saib Daim duab J12).

Daim duab J12 - Xob laim qws (pas nrig yooj yim los yog nrog tsim tawm)

Lub teeb hluav taws xob nrog taut xov hlau

Cov hlau no tau ncab dua tus qauv yuav tsum tiv thaiv. Lawv raug siv los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb: thaj chaw lub foob pob hluav taws, kev siv tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sab saum toj (saib daim duab J13).

Daim duab J13 - Cov xov hlau siv hluav taws xob

Tus pas ntsuas xob laim nrog lub tawb meshed (Faraday tawb)

Qhov kev tiv thaiv no yuav tsum tso cov coj / tapes ntau zaus ib ncig lub tsev. (saib Daim duab J14).

Hom kev tiv thaiv xob laim no yog siv rau cov vaj tsev raug tshem tawm yooj yim heev xws li chav khoos phis tawj.

Daim duab J14 - Meshed tawb (Faraday tawb)

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv rau lub qhov hluav taws xob teeb tsa cov khoom siv

50% ntawm cov xob laim tam sim no tawm los ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub cev nce rov qab mus rau lub pob ntseg sib txuas ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (saib Daim duab J15): qhov muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm cov thav ntawv feem ntau ntau dhau ntawm qhov rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov conductors hauv ntau cov tes hauj lwm ( LV, kev txuas xov tooj, video cable, thiab lwm yam).

Ntxiv mus, qhov khiav ntawm qhov tam sim no los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob poob qis ua rau cov hluav taws xob rhuav tshem cov hluav taws xob.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tsev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tsis tiv thaiv cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob: nws yog, yog li ntawd, tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

Daim duab J15 - muaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha rov qab tam sim no

Xob laim tiv thaiv - Cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsuas yog txwv cov kev hla mus rau cov nuj nqis uas siv tau rau cov khoom siv.

Cov hluav taws xob nruab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob muaj:

• ib lossis ntau qhov chaw SPD nyob ntawm lub tsev teeb tsa;
• txoj kab ke sib xyaw ua ke: ib qho xim hlau ntawm qhov tso ua qhov sib luag.

Yuav ua raws li

Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev yog raws li hauv qab no.

Nrhiav ntaub ntawv

• Txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov khoom sib nkag siab thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv lub tsev.
• Txheeb xyuas cov hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus nkag rau hauv lub tsev.
• Kuaj seb puas muaj kab ke tiv thaiv xob laim ntawm lub tsev lossis thaj chaw ib puag ncig.
• Ua tus paub txog cov kev cai tsim nyog rau lub tsev cov chaw.
• Txheeb xyuas qhov pheej hmoo ntawm teeb meem hluav taws xob raws li thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw, hom kev siv fais fab, xob laim ntaus ntom ntom, thiab lwm yam.

Kev siv tshuaj

• Nruab qhov khi kab hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntas los ntawm kab sib tw.
• Nruab ib lub SPD rau hauv LV cov khoom hloov khoom siv.
• Nruab ib qho SPD ntxiv rau hauv txhua pawg tswj hwm chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw ze ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim (saib Daim duab J16).

Daim duab J16 - Piv txwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob loj

Surge Protection Device (SPD)

Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob (SPD) yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, xov tooj sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas lus thiab cov tsheb npav tsis siv neeg.

Surge Protection Device (SPD) yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.

Cov cuab yeej no txuas nrog rau thaum sib tw ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob txuas ntawm lub nra sib uas nws muaj los tiv thaiv (saib Daim duab J17). Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau txhua qib ntawm kev xa xov hluav taws xob.

Qhov no yog qhov feem ntau siv thiab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv overvoltage.

Daim duab J17 - Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kab ke ua ke

SPD txuas nrog nyob rau hauv parallel muaj ib tug siab impedance. Thaum lub sij hawm hloov overvoltage pom nyob rau hauv lub system, lub impedance ntawm lub ntaus ntawv poob qis li ntawd, cov kab tam sim no yog tsav los ntawm SPD, bypassing cov khoom rhiab.

Ntsiab Cai

SPD yog tsim los txwv qis zaus overvoltages ntawm atmospheric keeb kwm thiab hloov chaw tam sim no rau lub ntiaj teb, thiaj li txwv cov dav ntawm no overvoltage rau tus nqi uas tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob switchgear thiab controlgear.

SPD tshem tawm cov kev hla mus

• nyob rau hauv hom, nruab nrab ntawm theem thiab nruab nrab lossis lub ntiaj teb;
• nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv, nruab nrab ntawm theem thiab nruab nrab.

Thaum muaj kev overvoltage siab tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm, SPD

• ua lub zog rau ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv hom;
• faib lub zog rau lwm tus coj nyob, hauv hom txawv.

Qhov peb hom SPD

Hom 1 SPD
Hom 1 SPD raug pom zoo nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tshwj xeeb ntawm kev pabcuam-sector thiab cov tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev, tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim lossis lub tawb kaw.
Nws tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm rov qab-tam sim no los ntawm hluav taws xob sib kis tau los ntawm tus neeg xyuas hauv ntiaj teb mus rau tus neeg xyuas pib network.
Hom 1 SPD yog tus cwj pwm ntawm 10/350 µs yoj tam sim no.

Hom 2 SPD
Hom 2 SPD yog qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo rau txhua qhov hluav taws xob qis. Nruab rau hauv txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm overvoltages hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv cov nra.
Hom 2 SPD yog pom los ntawm 8/20 µs yoj tam sim no.

Hom 3 SPD
Cov SPDs no muaj qhov qes qis. Lawv yuav tsum yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau muab ntsia ua qhov khoom ntxiv rau Hom 2 SPD thiab ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom hnyav.
Hom 3 SPD yog pom los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob (1.2 / 50 μs) thiab nthwv dej tam sim no (8/20 μs).

SPD kev cai txhais cov ntsiab lus

Daim duab J18 - SPD tus qauv txhais

Nco tseg 1: Muaj T1 + T2 SPD (lossis Hom 1 + 2 SPD) ua ke los tiv thaiv cov khoom thauj tiv thaiv cov teeb liab xob ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj.

Ceeb Toom 2: qee hom T2 SPD tseem tuaj yeem tshaj tawm ua T3

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm SPD

Thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv IEC 61643-11 tsab 1.0 (03/2011) txhais cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ntsuas rau SPD txuas nrog rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg (saib daim duab J19).

Hauv ntsuab, lub siab ua haujlwm ntau ntawm SPD.
Daim duab J19 - Sijhawm / tam sim no tus yam ntxwv ntawm SPD nrog varistor

Cov yam ntxwv nquag

• U_C: Qhov ntau qhov kev khiav hauj lwm tas mus li. Nov yog AC lossis DC voltage uas tshaj qhov uas SPD tau ua haujlwm. Tus nqi no raug xaiv raws li cov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab qhov system earthing kev npaj.
• U_P: Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb theem (ntawm I_n)). Qhov no yog qhov hluav taws xob ntau thoob plaws cov nqe lus ntawm SPD thaum nws tseem ua haujlwm. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob no tau mus txog thaum qhov tam sim no ntws hauv SPD yog sib npaug ntawm Hauv. Theem tiv thaiv qib xaiv yuav tsum yog qis dua overvoltage thev taus lub peev xwm ntawm cov nra. Thaum muaj xob laim, hluav taws xob thoob plaws cov nqe lus ntawm SPD feem ntau tseem tsawg dua U_P.
• Hauv: Nominal tawm tam sim no. Qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm tam sim no ntawm 8/20 waves waveform uas SPD muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov tawm tsawg kawg 19 zaug.

Vim Li Cas Hauv Qhov Tseem Ceeb?
Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub nominal tawm tam sim no uas SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus tsawg kawg 19 zaug: tus nqi ntau dua ntawm Hauv txhais tau tias lub neej nyob ntev dua rau SPD, yog li nws tau pom zoo kom xaiv cov nqi ntau dua li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tswj tus nqi ntawm 5 kA.

Hom 1 SPD

• I_imp: Impulse tam sim no. Qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tam sim no ntawm 10/350 µs waveform uas SPD muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm tawm mus tsawg kawg ib zaug.

Vim yog kuv_imp tseem ceeb?
IEC 62305 tus qauv yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no tus nqi ntawm 25 kA rau ib tus ncej rau peb-theem system. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias rau 3P + N network SPD yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov siab tag nrho tam sim no ntawm 100kA los ntawm cov lus cog tseg hauv ntiaj teb.

• I_fi: Autoextinguish ua raws li tam sim no. Siv tau rau lub txim hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis. Qhov no yog qhov tam sim no (50 Hz) uas SPD muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam los ntawm nws tus kheej tom qab flashover. Qhov hluav taws xob no yuav tsum yog qhov ntau tshaj li qhov kev cia siab luv luv-tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev teeb tsa.

Hom 2 SPD

• Imax: Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no. Qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm tam sim no ntawm 8/20 waves waveform uas SPD muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm ib zaug.

Vim li cas Imax tseem ceeb?
Yog tias koj piv 2 SPD nrog tib Lub Hauv, tab sis nrog sib txawv ntawm Imax: SPD nrog cov nqi siab dua Imax muaj qhov "siab txog kev nyab xeeb" ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov siab dua tam sim no yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Hom 3 SPD

• U_OC: Qhib hluav taws xob-Circuit Court thov thaum kuaj chav kawm III (Hom 3) cov ntawv xeem.

Main daim ntaub ntawv

• Cov Hluav Taws Xob Qes Qis SPD. Cov khoom sib txawv sib txawv heev, los ntawm ob qho tib si kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv, raug xaiv los ntawm lo lus no. Tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob SPDs yog cov qauv tau yooj yim ntsia hauv LV switchboards. Kuj tseem muaj SPDs hloov tau mus rau lub hwj chim txuas, tab sis cov cuab yeej no muaj lub zog xa hluav taws xob tsawg.

• SPD rau kev sib txuas lus tes hauj lwm. Cov cuab yeej no tiv thaiv lub xov tooj sib txuas, hloov tes hauj lwm thiab hloov cov sib txuas tsis siv neeg (tsheb npav) tiv thaiv overvoltages los ntawm sab nraud (xob laim) thiab cov nyob sab hauv rau lub tshuab fais fab network (cov khoom qias neeg, kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam). Cov SPDs Zoo Li No kuj tau nruab rau hauv RJ11, RJ45,… cov khoom sib txuas lossis sib xyaw ua ke.

Sau ntawv

1. Kuaj cov theem raws li qauv IEC 61643-11 rau SPD raws li MOV (varistor). Ib cov nyiaj ntawm 19 impulses rau kuv_n:

• Ib qho zoo impulse
• Ib qho tsis zoo lub siab xav
• 15 impulses synchronized ntawm txhua 30 ° ntawm 50 Hz voltage
• Ib qho zoo impulse
• Ib qho tsis zoo lub siab xav

2. rau hom 1 SPD, tom qab 15 lub luag haujlwm ntawm I_n (saib daim ntawv dhau los):

• Ib lub siab ntawm 0.1 x Kuv_imp
• Ib lub siab ntawm 0.25 x Kuv_imp
• Ib lub siab ntawm 0.5 x Kuv_imp
• Ib lub siab ntawm 0.75 x Kuv_imp
• Ib lub siab ntawm Kuv_imp

Kev tsim cov qauv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Kev tsim cov cai ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev, cov kev cai yooj yim thov rau kev xaiv ntawm

• SPD (s);
• nws cov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv.

Txog lub kaw lus faib hluav taws xob, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tau siv los txhais lub teeb hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab xaiv SPD los tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev yog:

• SPD
• kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm SPD
• hom
• theem ntawm kev sib kis los txhais tau qhov SPD tshaj plaws kev tso tawm tam sim no Imax.
• Lub luv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv
• siab tshaj tawm tam sim no Imax;
• luv-Circuit Court tam sim no Isc ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa.

Daim phiaj duab hauv kev teeb duab hauv daim duab J20 hauv qab no qhia txog txoj cai tsim.

Daim duab J20 - Daim duab kos duab rau kev xaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv

Lwm cov yam ntxwv rau kev xaiv ntawm SPD yog kev txiav txim siab ua ntej rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.

• xov tooj ntawm cov ncej hauv SPD;
• voltage tiv thaiv theem U_P;
• U_C: Qhov ntau qhov kev khiav hauj lwm tas mus li.

Ntu ntu tsim ntawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab ke piav qhia ntau dua nyob rau hauv kev xaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev teeb tsa, cov khoom siv yuav tiv thaiv thiab ib puag ncig.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv

SPD yuav tsum tau nruab ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.

Qhov chaw thiab hom ntawm SPD

Hom SPD uas yuav tau muab coj los tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub installation yog nyob ntawm seb puas muaj los yog tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv lub zog tiv thaiv tam sim no. Yog tias lub tsev txuas nrog cov kab ke tiv thaiv xob laim (raws li IEC 62305), yuav tsum muab hom 1 SPD tso rau.

Rau SPD nruab ntawm kev pib ua tiav ntawm kev teeb tsa, IEC 60364 kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa tso tus nqi tsawg kawg rau 2 yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Nominal muaj paug tam sim no kuv_n = 5 kA (8/20) µs;
• Voltage tiv thaiv theem U_P(ntawm kuv_n) <2.5 kV.

Tus lej ntawm SPDs ntxiv uas yuav muab coj los txiav txim yog:

• qhov loj ntawm lub xaib thiab cov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm kev txhim kho cov neeg xyuas pib. Ntawm cov chaw loj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nruab SPD thaum kawg kawg ntawm txhua daim ntawv xa tawm nrog.
• qhov kev ncua deb cais cov tsis nkag siab yooj yim tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom tiav kev tiv thaiv kawg. Thaum cov chaw thau khoom nyob ntau dua 10 meters deb ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntxiv kom ze rau qhov ua tau rau lub nra hnyav. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nthwv dej rov qab yog nce los ntawm 10 meters saib Cov lus tawm ntawm hluav taws xob xob laim
• qhov uas yuav kis tau kab mob. Cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw muaj ntau heev, SPD cov khoom xa tuaj kawg tsis tuaj yeem lav ob qho kev tso dej ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsawg txaus. Hauv ib qho, Hom 1 SPD feem ntau nrog Hom 2 SPD.

Cov lus hauv Daim Duab J21 hauv qab no qhia cov ntau thiab hom ntawm SPD yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li ntawm ob yam kev txhais los saum no.

Daim duab J21 - 4 kis ntawm SPD siv

Kev tiv thaiv faib qib

Ntau qib tiv thaiv ntawm SPD tso cai rau lub zog kom faib tawm ntawm ntau SPDs, raws li pom hauv daim duab J22 uas peb hom SPD tau muab rau:

• Hom 1: thaum lub tsev raug teeb tsa nrog lub teeb tiv thaiv xob laim thiab nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev teeb tsa, nws nqus ntau qhov ntau ntawm lub zog;
• Hom 2: nqus tau overvoltages residual;
• Yam 3: muab kev tiv thaiv “zoo” yog tsim nyog rau cov khoom rhiab uas nyob ze rau cov khoom thauj.

Nco tseg: Hom 1 thiab 2 SPD tuaj yeem sib ntxiv ua ib qho SPD
Daim duab J22 - Kev tiv thaiv kom zoo nkauj

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm SPD zoo raws li kev teeb tsa ua qauv
Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm voltage Uc

Ua raws li qhov system earthing kev npaj, ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob U_C ntawm SPD yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug lossis ntau dua qhov tseem ceeb qhia hauv cov lus hauv daim duab J23.

Daim duab J23 - Cov nqi tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm U_C rau SPDs raws li cov txheej txheem kev npaj tsim lub tshuab (raws li Cov Lus 534.2 ntawm IEC 60364-5-53 tus qauv)

N / A: siv tsis tau
U: kab-rau-kab voltage ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis
a. cov nqi no cuam tshuam nrog kev txhaum kev txhaum cai loj, yog li ntawd qhov kev zam ntawm 10% tsis raug suav nrog.

Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm UC raug xaiv raws li qhov system earthing kev npaj.
TT, TN: 260, 320, 340, 350V
TSI: 440, 460 V.

Voltage tiv thaiv theem U_P (ntawm kuv_n)

IEC 60364-4-44 tus qauv pab nrog kev xaiv ntawm qib tiv thaiv Up rau SPD hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nra yuav tsum tiv thaiv. Cov lus ntawm Daim duab J24 qhia txog lub impulse tiv taus lub peev xwm ntawm txhua yam khoom siv.

Daim duab J24 - Yuav tsum ua kom pom qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv Uw (cov lus 443.2 ntawm IEC 60364-4-44)

a. Raws li IEC 60038: 2009.
b. Qhov ntsuas cov pa hluav taws xob no thov ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab PE.
c. Hauv tebchaws Canada thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, rau cov voltages rau lub ntiaj teb siab dua 300 V, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob txuas mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage nyob rau hauv kab ntawv no siv.
d. Rau cov haujlwm IT ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm 220-240 V, qhov 230/400 kab yuav tsum raug siv, vim muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub ntiaj teb qhov kev txhaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm ib kab.

Daim duab J25 - Kev ntaus nqi ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom siv

	Cov khoom siv ntawm cov overvoltage qeb Kuv tsuas yog tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa chaw ntawm cov tuam tsev qhov twg kev tiv thaiv siv tau sab nraum cov khoom siv - kom txwv tsis pub dhau kev hloov pauv mus rau theem tau hais tseg. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yog cov muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo li khoos phis tawm, khoom siv nrog cov khoos phis tawm, thiab lwm yam.
	Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage qeb II yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas rau cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob sib law liag, muab lub teeb muaj qhov tsis txaus ib txwm xav tau rau cov khoom siv tam sim no. Piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov thauj khoom zoo sib xws.
	Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage qeb III yog rau kev siv nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa txuas nrog qis ntawm, thiab suav nrog lub rooj xa khoom tseem ceeb, muab cov qib siab tau txais. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv yog cov laug xaib, cov txuas hluav taws xob, cov tshuab txuas hluav taws xob nrog rau cov xaim hluav taws xob, tsheb npav, lub thawv kev sib tshuam, lub pob hluav taws xob, lub qhov (socket) tawm hauv cov chaw teeb tsa, thiab cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam thiab qee yam khoom siv, piv txwv li cov chaw nres tsheb nrog kev txuas mus tas li rau cov chaw ruaj ruaj.
	Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage qeb IV haum rau siv ntawm, lossis hauv qhov sib thooj ntawm, keeb kwm ntawm kev teeb tsa, piv txwv li ntws los ntawm pawg thawj faib loj. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv yog cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thawj cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tshaj, thiab chav tswj rawg.

Cov "ntsia" U_P kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum muab piv nrog lub impulse mas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nra.

SPD muaj qhov voltage tiv thaiv theem U_P uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li txhais thiab kuaj ntawm nws tus kheej nruab. Hauv kev xyaum, rau qhov xaiv U_P kev ua tau zoo ntawm SPD, kev nyab xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau coj los tso cai rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev nkag siab hauv SPD kev teeb tsa (saib Daim duab J26 thiab Kev Txuas ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Raug Rho Tawm Khoom).

Daim duab J26 - Nruab U_P

Theem "nruab" voltage tiv thaiv qib U_P feem ntau tau txais yuav los tiv thaiv cov khoom rhiab hauv 230/400 V kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 2.5 kV (overvoltage qeb II, saib Daim duab J27).

Nco ntsoov:
Yog tias cov tshooj cai tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm SPD cov khoom kawg los sis yog tias cov khoom siv rhiab heev yog cov chaw taws teeb (saib Cov Ntsiab Lus ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv # Chaw thiab hom ntawm SPD Chaw thiab hom SPD, ntxiv cov haujlwm SPD yuav tsum tau muab nruab kom tau qhov yuav tsum tiv thaiv qib.

Tus naj npawb ntawm ncej

• Raws li cov txheej txheem kev npaj tsim lub tshuab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab rau SPD architecture kom muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv hom-hom (CM) thiab txawv-hom (DM).

Daim duab J27 - Kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kab ke teev tseg

a. Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm theem thiab nruab nrab tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv SPD muab tso rau ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev teeb tsa lossis yuav raug tshem tawm ze rau cov cuab yeej siv los tiv thaiv.
b. Yog tias nruab nrab faib

Nco ntsoov:

Hom-hom overvoltage
Daim ntawv tiv thaiv yooj yim yog los nruab SPD nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv ntawm theem thiab tus PE (lossis PEN) tus neeg xyuas pib, txawm hais tias hom kab ke dab tsi tau siv.

Plawg-hom overvoltage
Hauv TT thiab TN-S cov tshuab, txhua yam ntawm qhov nruab nrab ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg vim lub ntiaj teb cuam tshuam uas ua rau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsis sib xws, txawm tias qhov overvoltage ntxias los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob yog hom kev ua.

2P, 3P thiab 4P SPDs
(saib Daim duab J28)
Cov no tau yoog raws li IT, TN-C, TN-CS systems.
Lawv muab kev tiv thaiv nkaus xwb tiv thaiv cov hom sib xws overvoltages

Daim duab J28 - 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P SPDs

1P + N, 3P + N SPDs
(saib Daim duab J29)
Cov no tau yoog raws TT thiab TN-S systems.
Lawv muab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig-hom thiab txawv-hom overvoltages

Daim duab J29 - 1P + N, 3P + N SPDs

Xaiv hom 1 SPD
Txhim kho tam sim no Iimp

• Qhov uas tsis muaj cov kev cai hauv tebchaws lossis cov cai tshwj xeeb rau hom tsev tiv thaiv: qhov impulse tam sim no Iimp yuav tsawg kawg yog 12.5 kA (10/350 µs yoj) ib ceg ntoo raws li IEC 60364-5-534.
• Cov kev cai muaj nyob qhov twg: qauv IEC 62305-2 txhais 4 theem: I, II, III thiab IV

Cov lus hauv Daim duab J31 qhia cov qib sib txawv ntawm kuv_imp nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev cai lij choj.

Daim duab J30 - Qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov sib npaug I_imp kev faib khoom tam sim no hauv 3 theem ua ke

Daim duab J31 - Lub Rooj ntawm I_imp qhov muaj nuj nqis raws li lub tsev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv theem (raws li IEC / EN 62305-2)

Autoextinguish ua raws li tam sim no kuv_fi

Tus yam ntxwv zoo li no tsuas yog siv rau cov SPD nrog cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv tshuab. Tus autoextinguish ua raws li tam sim no kuv_fi yuav tsum yeej ib txwm muaj siab tshaj qhov kev cia siab luv luv-Circuit Court tam sim no Kuv_sc ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa.

Xaiv hom 2 SPD
Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no Imax

Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no Imax txhais tau raws li cov kwv yees kwv yees theem sib piv rau lub tsev qhov chaw.
Tus nqi ntawm qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no (Imax) yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov pheej hmoo (saib cov lus hauv daim duab J32).

Daim duab J32 - Pom zoo kom siab tshaj tawm tam sim no Imax raws qib sib xyaw

Xaiv cov sab nraud luv luv Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntaus (SCPD)

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (hluav taws xob cua sov thiab luv luv) yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes nrog SPD kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo, piv txwv li
ua kom ntseeg tau txuas ntxiv ntawm kev pabcuam:

• tiv taus xob laim tam sim no vuag
• tsis tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau.

ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv txhua hom kev dhau:

• overload tom qab cov cua sov khiav tawm ntawm lub varistor;
• luv Circuit Court ntawm tsawg siv (impedant);
• luv Circuit Court ntawm kev siv loj.

Cov kev pheej hmoo uas yuav zam ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm SPDs
Vim kev laus

Xws li ntuj thaum kawg ntawm lub neej vim kev laus, kev tiv thaiv yog ntawm hom thermal. SPD nrog varistors yuav tsum muaj sab hauv disconnector uas cuam tshuam rau SPD.
Nco tseg: Thaum tas lub neej dhau los ntawm thermal khiav tawm tsev tsis txhawj xeeb SPD nrog roj tso pa tawm lossis qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob.

Vim yog kev txhaum

Cov laj thawj ntawm lub neej tag vim yog luv-Circuit txhaum yog:

• Muaj peev xwm tawm ntau tshaj plaws. Qhov kev txhaum no ua rau lub luv luv Circuit Court.
• Ib qho txhaum vim hais tias lub tshuab xa khoom (cov hloov nruab nrab / theem hloov, qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam).
• Maj mam deterioration ntawm varistor.
  Qhov kawg ob txoj kev ua txhaum ua rau hauv kev tsis sib haum ntawm luv luv.
  Lub installation yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kev ua txhaum no: sab hauv (cua sov) disconnector txhais saum toj no tsis muaj sijhawm rau kev sov, yog li kev khiav lag luam.
  Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hu ua “Sab Nraum Kev Tiv Thaiv luv Circuit Court (sab nraud SCPD)”, uas muaj peev xwm tshem tau qhov luv luv ntawm Circuit Court, yuav tsum muab ntsia. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob lossis kev fuse.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab nraud SCPD

Tus SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum muab kev koom tes nrog SPD. Nws yog tsim los ua raws li ob qho kev txwv hauv qab no:

Xob laim tam sim no withstand

Lub xob laim hluav taws xob tam sim no yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm SPD sab nraud luv luv Circuit Court tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej.
Tus SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum tsis txhob taug kev ntev raws li 15 qhov tshwm sim hloov txoj cai ntawm In.

Luv-Circuit Court tam sim no mas

• Lub peev xwm tawg yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb tsa (IEC 60364 tus qauv):
  SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm sib npaug sib npaug lossis ntau dua li qhov yuav luag luv luv ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no Isc ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa (raws li IEC 60364 tus qauv).
• Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub installation tiv thaiv luv luv Circuit Court
  Tshwj xeeb, qhov cuam tshuam luv luv Circuit Court dissipates ntau lub zog thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm sai heev kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev teeb tsa thiab rau SPD.
  Txoj cai koom ua ke ntawm SPD thiab nws sab nraud SCPD yuav tsum raug muab los ntawm cov tsim khoom.

Hom plahaum rau SCPD sab nraud
Ntaus ntawv “hauv koob”

Lub SCPD tau piav qhia raws li "nyob rau hauv kab" (saib Daim duab J33) thaum kev tiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav dav ntawm lub network kom muaj kev tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, kev sib txuas ntawm Circuit Court breaker ntawm ib qho kev teeb tsa).

Daim duab J33 - SCPD “hauv koob”

Ntaus ntawv “nyob mus tib seem”

SCPD tau piav qhia txog "thaum mus tib seem" (saib Daim duab J34) thaum kev tiv thaiv tau ua tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cuam tshuam nrog SPD.

• SCPD sab nraud yog hu ua "kev txiav tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas" yog tias txoj haujlwm ua los ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob.
• Cov hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob tau txuas rau lossis siv tsis tau rau hauv SPD.

Daim duab J34 - SCPD “hauv parallel”

Nco ntsoov:
Cov xwm txheej ntawm SPD nrog lub raj tso pa tawm lossis cov pa hluav taws sib txawv, SCPD tso cai rau qhov tam sim no raug txiav tawm tam sim ntawd tom qab siv.

Txais kev tiv thaiv

SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog SPD thiab kuaj thiab lav los ntawm SPD cov chaw tsim khoom raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm IEC 61643-11 tus qauv. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau nruab raws li cov neeg tsim khoom tau pom zoo. Ua piv txwv, saib lub rooj hluav taws xob SCPD + SPD kev sib koom tes.

Thaum cov khoom siv no ua ke, ua tau raws li cov khoom lag luam tus qauv IEC 61643-11 ib txwm ua kev tiv thaiv.

Daim duab J35 - SPD nrog SCPD sab nraud, tsis koom ua ke (iC60N + iPRD 40r) thiab sib xyaw (iQuick PRD 40r)

Qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm SCPDs sab nraud

Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv raug muab hauv seem Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm sab nraud SCPD.
Cov lus qhia hauv Daim Duab J36 qhia, piv txwv, hais txog cov yam ntxwv raws li ntau hom SCPD sab nraud.

Daim duab J36 - Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Hom 2 SPD raws li sab nrauv SCPDs

Hom plahaum rau SCPD sab nraud	Hauv koob	Nyob rau hauv parallel
		Fuse tiv thaiv-cuam tshuam	Kev tiv thaiv Circuit Court breaker-txuam-nrog	Kev tiv thaiv Circuit Court breaker kev sib koom ua ke
Surge kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv	=	=	=	=
	SPDs tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej txaus siab rau txhua yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud SCPD
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev teeb tsa thaum kawg ntawm lub neej	-	=	+	+ +
	Tsis tuaj yeem lav ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm	Lub lav kev lag luam		Tag nrho lav
		Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm impedance luv circuits tsis zoo ensured	Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm luv lub voj voog txig kom ntseeg tau
Kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv thaum kawg ntawm lub neej	- -	+	+	+
	Qhov kev ua tiav tiav yog kaw lawm	Tsuas yog SPD Circuit Court raug kaw
Txij nkawm thaum kawg ntawm lub neej	- -	=	+	+
	Lub kaw ntawm cov installation yuav tsum	Hloov pauv ntawm fuses	Rov tsim kho sai

SPD thiab tiv thaiv lub rooj sib koom tes pab pawg

Cov lus hauv Daim Duab J37 hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txuas hluav taws xob (sab nraud SCPD) rau Hom 1 thiab 2 SPD ntawm XXX Electric hom rau txhua theem ntawm qhov luv-Circuit Court tam sim no.

Kev sib koom tes ntawm SPD thiab nws cov hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob, taw qhia thiab lav tau los ntawm Hluav Taws Xob, ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo (xob laim hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm impedance luv-Circuit Court tam sim no, thiab lwm yam)

Daim duab J37 - Piv txwv ntawm lub rooj sib koom tes ntawm SPDs thiab lawv cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib cais. Nco ntsoov xa mus rau qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv muab los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab.

Ua kom sib haum nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

Kev sib koom tes nrog overcurrent tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej
Hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, sab nraud SCPD yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo ib yam rau kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej: qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thov xaiv xaiv thiab hom phiaj rau cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam zoo ntawm daim phiaj tiv thaiv.

Kev sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv tam sim no
Yog tias SPD tau nruab nrog dej ntws los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, qhov tom kawg yuav tsum yog ntawm "si" lossis hom kev xaiv nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov mem tes tam sim no tsawg kawg 3 kA (8/20 waves tam sim no nthwv dej).

Txhim Kho Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge
Kev Txuas ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Cuab Yeej

Kev sib txuas ntawm SPD rau cov thau khoom yuav tsum ua kom luv li sai tau thiaj li yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv voltage (ntsia rau) ntawm cov kab ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.

Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm SPD txuas rau lub network thiab lub ntiaj teb lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 cm.

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv yog qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov kev tiv thaiv voltage (ntsia rau sau cia) uas cov khoom tuaj yeem tiv taus ntawm nws cov cim. Raws li, SPD yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog qhov tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv voltage nce yoog raws li kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej (saib Daim duab J38). Tag nrho ntev ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau yog

L = L1 + L2 + L3.

Rau cov xaim hluav taws xob loj, qhov cuam tshuam rau ib qhov ntev ntawm qhov txuas no yog kwv yees li 1 µH / m.

Li no, thov Lenz cov cai rau qhov txuas no: ΔU = L di / dt

Qhov loj me ntawm 8/20 µs tam sim no yoj, nrog qhov tam sim no ntawm 8 kA, raws li tsim qhov hluav taws xob nce ntawm 1000 V ib 'meter' ntawm cable.

U = 1 x 10-6 x 8 x 103/8 x 10-6 = 1000 V

Daim duab J38 - Kev Sib Txuas ntawm SPD L <50 cm

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm voltage thoob cov khoom siv terminals, U cov cuab yeej, yog:
U cov khoom siv = Up + U1 + U2
Yog tias L1 + L2 + L3 = 50 cm, thiab nthwv dej yog 8/20 µs nrog lub zog ntawm 8 kA, qhov hluav taws xob thoob plaws ntawm cov khoom siv yuav ua tiav + 500 V.

Kev sib txuas hauv cov thawv ntim yas

Daim duab J39 hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas txuas rau SPD hauv hnab ntawv yas.

Daim duab J39 - Piv txwv ntawm kev sib txuas hauv cov hnab yas

Kev sib txuas hauv xov tooj cua hlau

Cov xwm txheej ntawm lub pob hluav taws xob (switchgear Assembly) hauv cov hlau thaiv, nws yuav yog qhov zoo los txuas SPD ncaj qha rau daim hlau thaiv, nrog rau cov ntawv thaiv kom raug siv ua tus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (saib Daim duab J40).
Qhov kev teeb tsa no ua tau raws li IEC 61439-2 thiab cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Lub Rooj Sib Tham yuav tsum ua kom paub tseeb tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv thaiv kab ke ua tau siv qhov no tau.

Daim duab J40 - Piv txwv ntawm kev sib txuas hauv cov tooj hlau thaiv

Neeg hla ntu hla ntu

Qhov kom ua tsawg kawg tus neeg sib tw hla kev yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv:

• Qhov kev pabcuam ib txwm muaj: Cov ntws ntawm xob laim ntawm nthwv dej tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ntau (50 cm txoj cai).
  Nco tseg: Tsis zoo li cov ntawv thov ntawm 50 Hz, qhov tshwm sim ntawm xob laim ua qhov loj-ntau, qhov nce ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hla ntu tsis txo nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab ntau.
• Tus neeg xyuas pib 'thev taus mus rau luv luv-kab hluav taws xob: tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tawm tsam luv-luv tam sim no thaum lub siab tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv kev txiav tawm ntawm lub sijhawm.
  IEC 60364 pom zoo nyob rau ntawm lub installation tuaj kawg ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus khaub lig seem ntawm:
• 4 hli 2 (Cu) rau kev sib txuas ntawm Hom 2 SPD;
• 16 hli 2 (Cu) rau kev sib txuas ntawm Hom 1 SPD (muaj lub zog tiv thaiv xob laim).

Piv txwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tsis zoo SPD nruab

Daim duab J41 - Piv txwv ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo SPD nruab

Cov cuab yeej siv kev teeb tsa yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev teeb tsa: cov kab hluav taws xob ntev yuav tsum tsawg dua 50 cm.

Kev cai Cabling ntawm Surge Protection Device
kav 1

Thawj txoj cai ua kom tau raws li yog qhov ntev ntawm SPD kev sib txuas ntawm lub network (ntawm sab nraud SCPD) thiab lub ntsej muag thaiv lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 cm.
Daim duab J42 qhia ob qhov ua tau rau kev sib txuas ntawm SPD.
Daim duab J42 - SPD nrog cais los yog sib xyaw sab nraud ntawm SCPD

kav 2

Lub conductors ntawm tiv thaiv ntsaws feeders:

• yuav tsum txuas nrog cov terminals ntawm sab nraud SCPD lossis SPD;
• yuav tsum cais tawm ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov kuab lom rau tus neeg xyuas pib.

Lawv nyob rau sab xis ntawm cov seem ntawm SPD thiab SCPD (saib Daim duab J43).

Daim duab J43 - Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom noj muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud yog txoj cai ntawm SPD cov chaw haujlwm

kav 3

Cov khoom pub nkag theem theem, qhov nruab nrab, thiab kev tiv thaiv (PE) tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum khiav ib qho ntawm ib sab txhawm rau kom txo cov voj sab (saib Daim duab J44).

kav 4

Cov khoom tswj kav ntawm SPD yuav tsum nyob nrug deb ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug rau lawv los ntawm kev txuas (saib Daim duab J44).

kav 5

Cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau pinned tawm tsam nws yog xim hlau ntawm qhov chaw ntim (yog tias muaj) txhawm rau txo qhov chaw ntawm lub voj kab thiab vim li no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv EM cuam tshuam.

Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas tias cov thav ntawv ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob thiab cov thawv thaiv tau sib txuas ntawm cov kev sib txuas luv heev.

Thaum kawg, yog hais tias siv cov xaim hluav taws xob siv, qhov ntev yuav tsum raug zam, vim tias lawv txo qhov ua haujlwm ntawm kev thaiv daim ntawv (saib daim duab J44).

Daim duab J44 - Piv txwv ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm EMC los ntawm kev txo lub voj voos thiab qhov cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob

Surge protection tiv thaiv Daim ntawv thov piv txwv

SPD piv txwv daim ntawv thov hauv Lub Khw

Daim duab J46 - Kev Sib Txuas Xov Tooj

Solutions thiab schematic daim duab

• Cov qhia txog kev xaiv lub cev txaij mus los tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog tus nqi ncaj ncees ntawm tus kws ntes neeg ntes thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm cov teeb tsa thiab cov uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais sib kis.
• Raws li cov khoom siv rhiab (U_imp <1.5 kV) muaj nyob rau hauv ntau dua 10m los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, cov nplua zoo tiv thaiv kev raug ntes yuav tsum tau muab ntsia kom ze li sai tau rau qhov cov khoom thauj.
• Txhawm rau kom muaj kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv rau cov chaw txias txias: "si" hom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo tam sim no yuav raug siv kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub ntiaj teb muaj peev xwm vim lub teeb hluav taws xob hla.
• Txog kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev nyab xeeb: 1, nruab ib tus neeg ntes kaw hauv lub chaw hloov khoom. 2, nruab ib lub zoo tiv thaiv neeg raug ntes nyob hauv txhua lub chaw hloov khoom (1 thiab 2) muab cov khoom rhiab uas nyob ntau dua 10m los ntawm tus tuaj ntes neeg hla. 3, teeb tsa tus neeg raug ntes kaw hauv lub xov tooj sib tham kom tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv, piv txwv li, lub tswb hluav taws, hloov qauv, hu xov tooj, faxes.

Cov tswv yim Cabling

• Xyuas kom muaj qhov sib luag ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov hnub kawg ntawm lub tsev.
• Txo qhov chaw sib kis fais fab cable cheeb tsam.

Cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa

• Nruab ib lub phais neeg ntes, Kuv_max = 40 kA (8/20 µs), thiab iC60 qhov txuas hluav taws xob Circuit Court rated ntawm 40 A.
• Nruab qhov zoo tiv thaiv kev ntes neeg raug ntes, I_max = 8 kA (8/20 µs) thiab cov cuam tshuam ntawm Circuit Court txuas hluav taws xob iC60 ntawm 10 A

Daim duab J46 - Kev Sib Txuas Xov Tooj

SPD rau photovoltaic kev siv

Overvoltage yuav tshwm sim hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob rau ntau yam laj thawj. Nws yuav tshwm sim los ntawm:

• Kev faib tawm network raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm xob laim lossis ib qho haujlwm twg ua.
• Xob laim tawm tsam (nyob ze lossis ntawm cov tsev thiab PV nruab, lossis ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob).
• Kev hloov pauv txawv nyob hauv qhov chaw hluav taws xob vim muaj xob laim.

Zoo li txhua yam kev teeb tsa sab nraud, PV kev teeb tsa tau ntsib rau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm xob laim uas sib txawv ntawm ib cheeb tsam rau ib thaj. Cov kab ke tiv thaiv thiab ntes thiab yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qhov chaw.

Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua ke nrog equipotential ua ke

Thawj qhov kev nyab xeeb kom muab tso rau nruab nrab yog qhov nruab nrab (tus coj) uas ua kom muaj kev sib luag ntawm txhua qhov kev coj ua ntawm ib qho PV installation.

Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhua tus neeg sib tw ua yeeb yam thiab cov hlau qhov chaw thiab yog li tsim muaj peev xwm sib npaug ntawm txhua cov ntsiab lus hauv cov qauv nruab.

Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij (SPDs)

SPDs yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li AC / DC Inverter, xyuas cov cuab yeej thiab PV modules, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm cov khoom siv rhiab tawm los ntawm 230 VAC hluav taws xob faib network. Cov txheej txheem nram qab no ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo yog ua raws li kev ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntev Lcrit thiab nws sib piv nrog L qhov kev sib tshooj ntev ntawm cov kab ntawv dc.
Yuav tsum tiv thaiv SPD yog tias L ≥ Lcrit.
Lcrit nyob ntawm seb hom PV installation thiab xam raws li cov lus hauv qab no (Daim duab J47) teev tawm:

Daim duab J47 - SPD DC xaiv

L yog tus lej ntawm:

• qhov suav ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov inverter (s) thiab lub thawv hlaus (piv txwv), coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov ntev ntawm lub cable nyob hauv tib lub conduit raug suav ib zaug xwb, thiab
• Qhov suav ntawm kev ncua deb ntawm lub thawv sib txuas thiab cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ntawm cov photovoltaic modules tsim txoj hlua, coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov ntev ntawm lub cable nyob hauv tib lub conduit yuav suav ib zaug xwb.

Ng yog arc xob laim ntom ntog (naj npawb ntawm tawm tsam / km2 / xyoo).

Daim duab J48 - SPD xaiv

Kev Tiv Thaiv SPD
Qhov chaw	PV modules lossis Array thawv		Inverter DC ib sab	Inverter AC ib sab		Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
	LDC			LAC		Xob laim qws
Txheem	<10 m	> 10 m		<10 m	> 10 m	Yog	Tsis yog
Hom SPD	Tsis xav tau	“SPD 1” Hom 2 [a]	“SPD 2” Hom 2 [a]	Tsis xav tau	“SPD 3” Hom 2 [a]	“SPD 4” Hom 1 [a]	“SPD 4” Hom 2 yog Ng> 2.5 & nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab

[a. 1 2 3 4 Hom 1 sib cais deb raws EN 62305 tsis muaj cai.

Txhim kho SPD

Tus lej thiab qhov chaw ntawm SPDs nyob rau DC sab yog nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov xaim ntawm nruab nrab lub hnub ci thiab inverter. SPD yuav tsum muab nruab rau hauv qhov chaw ze ntawm qhov inverter yog tias qhov ntev tsawg dua 10 meters. Yog tias nws loj dua 10 meters, yuav tsum muaj SPD thib ob thiab tsim nyog yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub thawv ze ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thawj qhov yog nyob hauv thaj chaw inverter.

Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig, SPD txuas xaim txuas rau L + / L- network thiab nruab nrog SPD lub ntiaj teb cov davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv thiab pob av av yuav tsum muaj luv li sai tau - tsawg dua 2.5 metres (d1 + d2 <50 cm).

Muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha photovoltaic zog tiam

Nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntu ntawm "lub tshuab hluav taws xob" thiab feem "hloov dua siab tshiab", nws yuav tsum tau nruab ob tus neeg raug ntes lossis ntau dua, txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob ntu.

Daim duab J49 - SPD qhov chaw nyob

Surge tiv thaiv kev pabcuam ntawm nomtswv

Cov qauv tiv thaiv xob laim

IEC 62305 tus txheej txheem ntu 1 txog 4 (NF EN 62305 ntu 1 txog 4) txhim kho thiab hloov kho cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab IEC 61024 (series), IEC 61312 (series), thiab IEC 61663 (series) ntawm cov tshuab thaiv hluav taws xob.

Tshooj 1 - Cov ntsiab cai dav dav

Ntu no nthuav tawm xov xwm dav dav ntawm cov xob laim thiab nws cov yam ntxwv thiab cov ntaub ntawv dav dav thiab qhia lwm cov ntaub ntawv.

Tshooj 2 - Kev tswj hwm qhov pheej hmoo

Ntu no nthuav tawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los laij qhov pheej hmoo rau tus qauv thiab txiav txim siab ntau qhov teeb meem kev tiv thaiv txhawm rau tso cai rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag.

Tshooj 3 - Lub cev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj hauv lub neej

Ntu no piav qhia kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ncaj qha, nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, tus neeg tsav tsheb poob qis, lub ntiaj teb coj, ua kom muaj peev xwm, thiab yog li SPD nrog cov khoom sib luag (Hom 1 SPD).

Tshooj 4 - Hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hauv kev teeb tsa

Ntu no qhia txog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm xob laim, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm SPD (Hom 2 thiab 3), kev tiv thaiv cable, cov cai rau kev teeb tsa ntawm SPD, thiab lwm yam.

Cov kab lus ntawm cov qauv no yog ntxiv los ntawm:

• IEC 61643 cov qauv txheej txheem rau cov lus txhais ntawm cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam (saib cov khoom ntawm SPD);
• IEC 60364-4 thiab -5 series ntawm cov qauv rau kev thov cov khoom lag luam hauv LV kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob (saib qhov kawg ntawm kev tuag ntawm SPD).

Cov khoom siv ntawm SPD

SPD feem ntau muaj (saib Daim duab J50):

1. ib lossis ntau dua tsis txuas nyob ua ke: qhov muaj feem (varistor, tso pa tawm ntawm lub raj [GDT], thiab lwm yam);
2. cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thermal (sab hauv tshuab txuas hluav taws xob) uas tiv thaiv nws ntawm thermal khiav tawm thaum xaus lub neej (SPD nrog varistor);
3. qhov ntsuas uas taw qhia qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm SPD; Qee SPDs cia qhov chaw nyob deb ntawm qhov ntsuas no;
4. ib qho SCPD sab nraud uas muab kev tiv thaiv rau lub voj voog luv (cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem mus rau hauv SPD).

Daim duab J50 - Daim duab ntawm SPD

Thev naus laus zis ntawm the live part

Muaj ntau thev naus laus zis los siv rau ntawm kev ua neej. Lawv txhua tus muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo:

• Zener diodes;
• Lub raj xa pa roj (tswj lossis tswj tsis tau);
• Cov roj ntsha sib txawv (zinc oxide varistor [ZOV]).

Cov lus hauv qab no qhia cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua ntawm 3 feem ntau siv thev naus laus zis.

Daim duab J51 - Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov ua tau zoo

tivthaiv	Roj Twj Raj (GDT)	Encapsulated txim kis	Zinc oxide varistor tau tsim	GDT thiab varistor hauv series	Encapsulated txim kis thiab varistor nyob mus tib seem
Cov yam ntxwv
Kev khiav hauj lwm hom	Voltage hloov	Voltage hloov	Sij hawm hluav taws xob tsawg	Voltage-hloov thiab -limiting hauv series	Voltage-switching thiab -limiting nyob rau hauv parallel
Kev khiav hauj lwm nkhaus
Daim ntawv thov	Telecom network LWV network (cuam tshuam nrog varistor)	LWV network	LWV network	LWV network	LWV network
SPD Hom	ntaus 2	ntaus 1	Hom 1 lossis Hom 2	Hom 1+ Hom 2	Hom 1+ Hom 2

Qhov kawg ntawm-lub neej qhia ntawm SPD

Qhov xaus ntawm lub neej muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog sab hauv kev sib cais sab hauv thiab sab nraud SCPD ntawm SPD los qhia rau tus neeg siv tias cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm keeb kwm atmospheric keeb kwm.

Lub zos qhia

Qhov haujlwm no feem ntau xav tau los ntawm cov cim teeb tsa. Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej qhia tau muab los ntawm qhov ntsuas (ua kom zoo nkauj lossis siv tshuab) rau cov khoom sab hauv thiab / lossis sab nraud SCPD.

Thaum SCPD sab nraud yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv fuse, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab rau lub fuse nrog lub ntsej muag thiab lub hauv paus nruab nrog lub kauj vuam sib zog kom paub meej tias qhov haujlwm no.

Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo sib xws

Qhov taw qhia ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov chaw ntawm cov tswj tuav tau tso cai rau qhov kawg ntawm lub neej.

Lub zos ntsuas thiab cov chaw taws teeb qhia

iQuick PRD SPD ntawm lub XXX hluav taws xob hom yog ntawm "npaj txhij mus xaim" hom nrog kev sib txuas lus txuas hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court.

Lub zos qhia

iQuick PRD SPD (saib Daim duab J53) haum nrog cov ntsuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib cheeb tsam:

• qhov (xim liab) qhia qhov khoom siv thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis txuas hluav taws xob sib txuas tau qhia tau tias yuav tsum kaw ntawm SPD;
• qhov (liab) qhia tawm cov khoom ntawm txhua tus cartridge qhia tias tus cartridge kawg ntawm lub neej.

Daim duab J53 - iQuick PRD 3P + N SPD ntawm XXX Electric hom

Kev qhia chaw taws teeb

(saib Daim duab J54)

iQuick PRD SPD yog siv nrog ib qho kev sib cuag uas tso cai rau kev ceeb toom txog tej thaj chaw deb ntawm:

• cartridge kawg ntawm lub neej;
• ib lub vias tas mus lawm, thiab thaum nws raug muab tso rov qab;
• ib qho txhaum ntawm lub network (luv Circuit Court, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tw nruab nrab, theem / nruab nrab thim rov qab);
• chaw hloov hauv zos.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov xwm txheej SPDs ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom tiv thaiv no hauv standby xeev ib txwm npaj khiav lag luam.

Daim duab J54 - Txhim kho qhov ntsuas lub teeb nrog iQuick PRD SPD

Daim duab J55 - Kev ntsuas chaw taws teeb ntawm SPD xwm txheej siv Smartlink

Txij nkawm thaum kawg ntawm lub neej

Thaum qhov kawg-ntawm-lub neej qhia tau hais tias kaw lawm, SPD (lossis tus cartridge nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug) yuav tsum tau hloov.

Hauv lub iQuick PRD SPD, kev saib xyuas yog yooj yim:

• Lub laub thaum kawg ntawm lub neej (yuav hloov) yog yooj yim pom tau los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Txij Nkawm.
• Lub cartridge nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub neej tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv qhov kev nyab xeeb tag nrho vim tias lub tshuab thaiv kev nyab xeeb txwv tsis pub kaw qhov txuas ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog tias lub pob hauv tsheb ploj lawm.

Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm SCPD sab nraud

Nthwv dej tam sim no

Nthwv dej tam sim no los sim cov kev sim sab nraud ntawm SCPDs qhia tias yog hauv qab no:

• Rau qhov muab ntsuas thiab thev naus laus zis (NH lossis cylindrical fuse), cov nthwv dej tam sim no muaj peev xwm zoo dua nrog qhov aM hom fuse (kev tiv thaiv lub cev muaj zog) dua li siv gG hom fuse (kev siv dav dav).
• Rau qhov muab ntsuas, nthwv dej tam sim no tiv thaiv kev muaj peev xwm zoo dua nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob sib piv dua li nrog cov khoom siv fuse. Daim duab J56 hauv qab no qhia qhov ntsuas tau ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev ntsuas:
• txhawm rau tiv thaiv SPD txhais rau Imax = 20 kA, qhov SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum raug xaiv yog MCB 16 A lossis Fuse aM 63 A, Faj seeb: hauv qhov no, qhov Fuse gG 63 A tsis haum.
• txhawm rau tiv thaiv SPD txhais rau Imax = 40 kA, sab nraud SCPD yuav tsum tau xaiv yog MCB 40 A lossis Fuse aM 125 A,

Daim duab J56 - Sib piv ntawm SCPDs voltage nthwv dej muaj peev xwm tiv taus rau kuv_max = 20 kA thiab kuv_max 40 kA = np

Txhim Kho Nyob rau theem kev tiv thaiv voltage

Feem ntau:

• Cov hluav taws xob poob thoob plaws cov nqe lus ntawm ib qho kev sib tsuam sib luag ntawm cov hluav taws xob yog qhov siab dua qhov uas hla cov lus hais ntawm cov khoom siv fuse. Qhov no yog vim hais tias lub impedance ntawm Circuit Court-breaker Cheebtsam (thermal thiab sib nqus tripping pab kiag li lawm) yog siab tshaj uas ntawm ib tug fuse.

Txawm li cas los:

• Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tso tseg tseem tsawg me ntsis rau cov kab hluav taws xob tam sim no tsis pub tshaj 10 kA (95% ntawm mob);
• Lub Nruab Nruab voltage tiv thaiv theem kuj tseem coj mus rau hauv tus lej cabling impedance. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau siab nyob rau ntawm kev siv fuse (tiv thaiv cov chaw taws teeb los ntawm SPD) thiab qis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm Circuit Court-breaker thev naus laus zis (Circuit Court breaker ze rau, thiab txawm sib xyaw rau hauv SPD).

Nco tseg: Cov tau teeb tsa Up voltage tiv thaiv qib yog cov lej ntawm qhov hluav taws xob txo:

• hauv SPD;
• hauv SCPD sab nraud;
• hauv cov khoom siv cabling

Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm impedance luv circuits

Ib qho cuam tshuam luv luv Circuit Court dissipates ntau lub zog thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm sai heev kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub installation thiab SPD.

Daim duab J57 piv lub sij hawm teb thiab lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog tiv thaiv los ntawm 63 A aM fuse thiab 25 A Circuit Court breaker.

Ob qhov kev tiv thaiv no muaj tib lub 8/20 µs tam sim no nthwv dej muaj peev xwm (27 kA thiab 30 kA feem).

Daim duab J57 - Sib piv lub sij hawm / tam sim no thiab lub zog txwv nkhaus rau lub khoo hluav taws xob thiab lub fuse muaj qhov sib npaug li 8/20 µ tam sim no yoj nthwv dej muaj peev xwm

Cov lus tawm ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob

Cov xaim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj tsawg tsawg zaus thiab, vim li ntawd kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub xov tooj hluav taws xob muaj qhov cuam tshuam tam sim rau cov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim: ntawm txhua kis ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, qhov hluav taws xob instantaneous yog tib yam.

Xob laim hluav taws xob yog qhov muaj tshwm sim loj (ntau pua kHz txog rau MHz):

• Xob laim hluav taws xob tau nthuav tawm raws tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm qee qhov ceev ceev piv rau qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum lub sijhawm twg los tau, qhov hluav taws xob tsis muaj ib qho nqi ntawm txhua cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov nruab nrab (saib Daim duab J58).

Daim duab J58 - Kev tawm ntawm nthwv dej hluav taws xob hauv tus neeg xyuas pib

• Kev hloov ntawm nruab nrab tsim qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nthuav tawm thiab / lossis kev xav ntawm nthwv dej raws li:

1. qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis taus ntawm ob lub xov xwm;
2. qhov ntau zaus ntawm cov ntu nthwv dej (ntxhab ntawm lub sijhawm nce lub sijhawm ntawm lub mem tes);
3. qhov ntev ntawm nruab nrab.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov xav txog, tshwj xeeb, qhov voltage tus nqi yuav yog ob zaug.

Piv txwv: rooj plaub ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm SPD

Kev tsim qauv ntawm qhov tshwm sim tau siv rau lub nthwv dej hluav taws xob thiab kev ntsuas nyob hauv chav kuaj pom tias lub zog siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 30 m ntawm cable tiv thaiv ntws los ntawm SPD ntawm qhov voltage nce sustains, vim qhov tshwm sim cuam tshuam, qhov hluav taws xob ntau ntawm 2 x U_P (saib Daim duab J59). Qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no tsis yog qhov nquag.

Daim duab J59 - Kev xav txog ntawm xob laim ntawm hluav taws xob thaum kawg ntawm kev xaim

Kev kho kom zoo

Ntawm peb yam (sib txawv ntawm impedance, zaus, nyob deb li cas), tsuas yog ib qho uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau tiag tiag yog qhov ntev ntawm cable ntawm SPD thiab lub nra tiv thaiv. Qhov ntau dua qhov ntev, qhov ntau dua qhov xav txog.

Feem ntau, rau cov overvoltage cov kev sib tw ua ntsej muag nyob hauv ib lub tsev, qhov tshwm sim xav txog yog qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm 10 m thiab tuaj yeem muab qhov voltage ob npaug los ntawm 30 m (saib Daim duab J60).

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nruab SPD thib ob hauv kev tiv thaiv zoo yog tias qhov ntev cable tshaj 10 m ntawm SPD qhov khoom kawg thiab cov cuab yeej siv los tiv thaiv.

Daim duab J60 - Qhov hluav taws xob ntau kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub cable raws li nws ntev mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov xwm txheej voltage = 4kV / peb

Piv txwv ntawm xob laim tam sim no hauv TT system

Hom kev tiv thaiv SPD nruab nrab ntawm qib thiab PE lossis theem thiab PEN raug txhim kho dab tsi ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw lus (saib daim duab J61).

Qhov nruab nrab pob ntseg resistor R1 siv rau lub pylons muaj qhov tsis kam dua li lub earthing resistor R2 siv rau kev teeb tsa.

Lub xob laim tam sim no yuav ntws los ntawm hluav taws xob ABCD rau hauv ntiaj teb ntawm txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws. Nws yuav dhau los ntawm cov varistors V1 thiab V2 nyob rau hauv series, ua rau muaj hluav taws xob tsis sib luag sib npaug rau ob npaug ntawm Up voltage ntawm SPD (U_P1 + UA_P2) kom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov terminals ntawm A thiab C ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub installation nyob rau hauv huab mob.

Daim duab J61 - Tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv nkaus xwb

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov nra ntawm Ph thiab N kom zoo, ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau hom (ntawm A thiab C) yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg.

Lwm qhov SPD architecture yog li ntawd siv (saib Daim duab J62)

Lub teeb hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm Circuit Court ABH uas muaj qis dua qis dua li ntawm Circuit Court ABCD, raws li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv uas siv los ntawm B thiab H yog tsis muaj (cov pa roj muaj qhov khoob hluav taws xob). Hauv qhov no, qhov hluav taws xob txawv hluav taws xob yog sib npaug nrog cov seem hluav taws xob ntawm SPD (U_P2).

Daim duab J62 - Kev tiv thaiv ib txwm thiab ntau yam