Qhov yuav tsum muaj rau Kev Txuas Hluav Taws Xob, Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob Cov Kab Ke, Eighteenth Edition, BS 7671: 2018

Muaj kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv siab (SPDs) thiab 18 tsab Cai Tshaj Tawm

Cov kev tuaj txog ntawm 18th ntawm IET Txoj Cai Kav Txuas Ntxiv hloov kho dua tshiab cov toj roob hauv pes rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hluav taws xob. Cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPDs) yog tsim los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau ua rau cov khoom teeb tsa hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

18th Tshooj yuav tsum muaj rau kev tiv thaiv kom hnyav

Cov kev tuaj txog ntawm 18th ntawm IET Txoj Cai Kav Txuas Ntxiv hloov kho dua tshiab cov toj roob hauv pes rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hluav taws xob. Ntau thaj chaw tseem ceeb tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab rov tshuaj xyuas; ntawm lawv yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv surge thiab cov cuab yeej tsim los pab txo txhua yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm voltage. Cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPDs) yog tsim los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau ua rau cov khoom teeb tsa hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Yuav tsum muaj qhov xwm txheej dhau hluav taws xob, SPD cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam tam sim no rau lub ntiaj teb.

Txoj cai 443.4 yuav tsum, (tsuas yog rau cov tsev nyob ib qho uas tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov teeb tsa thiab cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv no tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv no), tias kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob yog muab qhov twg qhov kev rau txim los ntawm dhau-voltage yuav ua rau raug mob hnyav, ua rau thaj chaw muaj kev coj noj coj ua, cuam ​​tshuam kev thauj khoom lossis cuam tshuam rau coob leej ntawm cov neeg koom nrog lossis ploj lub neej.

Thaum twg yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kom haum?

Rau tag nrho lwm qhov kev teeb tsa ib qho kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau nqa los txiav txim siab seb puas yog SPDs yuav tsum tau teeb tsa. Qhov twg tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo, tom qab ntawd SPDs yuav tsum tau teeb tsa. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv cov tsev nyob ib leeg tsis tas yuav tsum muaj SPDs teeb tsa, tab sis lawv siv tsis txwv thiab nws yuav yog tias hauv kev sib tham nrog tus neeg siv cov khoom siv no tau teeb tsa, txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov mus ntev-voltages.

Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi cov ua ntawv cog lus yav dhau los tsis tau txiav txim siab rau txhua qhov loj, thiab yuav tsum xav txog qhov kev txiav txim siab, ob qho tib si hais txog lub sijhawm faib cov phiaj xwm tiav nrog rau kev ua tus nqi ntxiv rau cov neeg siv khoom. Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov mus los dhau ntawm cov hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim lossis muaj kev hloov pauv. Qhov no tsim qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob zoo ntxiv los ua nthwv dej ntxiv mus rau ntau ntau txhiab volts. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kim thiab sai puas lossis ua rau txo qis ib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv lub hnub nyoog.

Qhov xav tau ntawm SPDs yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam mob sib txawv. Cov no suav nrog qib kev kis ntawm lub tsev mus rau xob laim hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, qhov kev nkag siab thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv tau siv nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa, thiab seb puas muaj cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem tsim qhov hloov hluav taws xob. Thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam pheej hmoo poob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau ntau tus neeg, los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov kev txhawb nqa kom yog lawv tuaj yeem sib koom ua txoj haujlwm no rau lawv txoj kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua thiab kom ua raws li cov kev cai tshiab.

LSP Surge Protection Devices

LSP muaj thaj tsam ntawm Hom 1 thiab 2 kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom paub meej tias koj ua raws li Cov Cai Tshiab 18 Tshooj. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog SPDs thiab LSP Hluav Taws Xob cov kev sib ntsib: www.LSP-internationa.com

Mus saib 18 Xeem BS 7671: 2018 rau cov ntaub ntawv pub dawb, rub tawm cov lus qhia ntawm cov cai tseem ceeb hloov pauv ntawm BS 76:71. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm RCD Xaiv, Arc Txhaum Nrhiav, Kev Tswj Xyuas Cable, Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob, thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Sab Nraud. Rub tawm cov lus qhia no ncaj qha rau txhua lub cuab yeej yog li koj tuaj yeem nyeem lawv thaum twg thiab qhov twg los xij.

Qhov yuav tsum muaj rau Kev Txuas Hluav Taws Xob, Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob Cov Kab Ke, Eighteenth Edition, BS 7671: 2018

Txoj cai Kev Ua Haujlwm Txuas IET yog qhov txaus siab rau txhua tus neeg txhawj xeeb nrog tus qauv tsim, teeb tsa thiab saib xyuas cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv cov tuam tsev. Qhov no suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob, cov neeg pab tswv yim, cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam, cov neeg soj ntsuam thiab cov kws ua vaj tsev. Phau ntawv no tseem yuav txaus siab rau cov kws tshaj lij engineers, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab ntxiv.

Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij Tshaj Tawm 18th ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Tso Rau Hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 2018 thiab pib siv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2019. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv dhau los suav nrog kev xav tau txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Raug Ruaj Ntseg, Arc Txhaum Nrhiav Cov Khoom Siv thiab teeb tsa hluav taws xob them cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob nrog rau ntau thaj chaw ntxiv Cov.

Daim 18th yuav hloov pauv li cas ua haujlwm txhua hnub rau cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob?

Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij Tshaj Tawm 18th tau dhau los tsaws, tau nqa nrog ib qho tshiab ntawm cov khoom tshiab rau cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob kom paub txog thiab ua ib feem ntawm lawv ib hnub rau ib hnub.

Tam sim no peb ib hlis nyob rau hauv rau rau lub hlis kho lub sijhawm rau cov kws siv hluav taws xob kom paub tseeb tias lawv muaj txhua yam hauv qhov chaw. Txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 1 2019 kev teeb tsa yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim li cov kev cai tshiab, txhais tau tias txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob uas siv txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31st 2018 yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai tshiab.

Ua raws li cov cuab yeej tawm tshiab dhau los thiab hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, cov kev cai tshiab txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev txhim kho kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ob tus neeg siv hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv kawg, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv hluav taws xob.

Txhua yam kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los peb tau xaiv plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas peb xav tias tshwj xeeb tshaj yog:

1: Kev Txhawb Nqa Hlau Cable

Cov cai tam sim no tau tshaj tawm tsuas yog tias txoj kab hluav taws xob nyob ntawm cov kev khiav tawm hluav taws yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv thaum ntxov tawg thaum muaj hluav taws. Txoj cai tshiab tam sim no xav kom kho cov hlau, ntau dua li cov yas, siv los txhawb tag nrho cov xaim hluav taws xob thoob plaws kev teeb tsa, kom txo kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg nyob lossis hluav taws tua hluav taws los ntawm cov hlua poob vim qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm kev kho cable.

2: Kev Nruab Nruab ntawm Arc Txhaum Nrhiav Cov Khoom Siv

Xav txog tias tam sim no cov tuam tsev UK muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau nyob hauv lawv ntau dua li yav tas los, thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim ntawm kwv yees tib lub xyoo ntawm xyoo, kev teeb tsa Arc Qhov Kev Ntsuas Cov Khoom Siv (AFDDs) rau kev pheej hmoo hluav taws hauv qee qhov hluav taws xob tau qhia.

Hluav taws xob hluav taws kub tshwm sim los ntawm arc qhov teeb meem feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov lus tsis zoo, cov xaim sib txuas, txawm hais tias qub thiab tsis ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev lossis hauv cov xov hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Cov AFDD uas yooj yim no tuaj yeem txo qhov hluav taws xob ntau uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm arcs los ntawm kev paub ntxov thiab cais tawm.

Txhim kho ntawm AFDDs tau pib hauv Asmeskas ntau xyoo dhau los, thiab muaj kev txo hluav taws kub ntsig txog 10%.

3.All AC cov hlua rated txog 32A tam sim no yuav tsum tiv thaiv RCD

Residual Current Devices (RCDs) niaj hnub saib cov hluav taws xob hauv cov xov hluav taws xob uas lawv tiv thaiv thiab mus ncig ua si hauv Circuit Court yog ntws los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev tsis zoo mus rau lub ntiaj teb tau kuaj - xws li ib tug neeg.

Cov no yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub neej thiab muaj feem ua kom lub neej hloov pauv. Yav dhau los, tag nrho cov ntsaws siab txog 20A yuav tsum muaj RCD tiv thaiv, tab sis qhov no tau txuas ntxiv hauv kev rau txo hluav taws xob rau cov teeb tsa ua haujlwm nrog nyob AC ntsaws qhov hluav taws xob. Nws tseem yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg siv kawg hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj hlua hluav taws xob puas lossis txiav thiab cov xaj nyob nrog kuj tuaj yeem raug yuam kev, ua rau tam sim no ntws mus rau lub ntiaj teb.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv RCD cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nthwv dej tam sim no, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias RCD siv tau.

4: Kev txuag hluav taws xob

Cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm 18 tsab xov xwm hloov tshiab tau qhia txog kab lus ntawm lub zog txuag hluav taws xob kho. Hauv cov ntawv kawg luam tawm, qhov no tau hloov mus rau cov lus pom zoo tag nrho, pom nyob hauv Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv 17. Qhov no paub thoob lub teb chaws xav tau kev txo qis kev siv zog.

Cov lus pom zoo tshiab txhawb kom peb ua qhov kom siv tag nrho ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, hloov kho cov txheej txheem yuav hu rau kev nqis peev hauv cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab tau kawg kev cob qhia ntxiv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias, yog tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab, piv txwv li, cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav muaj txoj hauv kev los tuav ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm lub tsev, kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho cov phiaj xwm ua raws li txoj cai tshiab

Tsab Ntawv Tshaj Tawm 18th tau nce qib tshiab mus rau kev teeb tsa kev nyab xeeb thiab thaj chaw zoo dua rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Peb paub tias cov neeg siv hluav taws xob thoob plaws tebchaws Askiv tabtom ua haujlwm nyuaj los npaj rau cov kev hloov pauv no thiab peb xav paub txog yam koj xav tias yuav cuam tshuam koj tshaj plaws thiab koj ua dab tsi los ua kom qhov kev hloov pauv mus tau zoo.

BS 7671

Nco ntsoov tias koj txoj haujlwm ua tau raws li Txoj Cai Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Xyoo 1989.

BS 7671 (IET Kev Ua Raws Li Cov Kev Cai) teeb tsa cov qauv rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab ntau lub tebchaws. Txoj kev sib koom tes IET tshaj tawm BS 7671 nrog rau British Standards Institution (BSI) thiab yog txoj cai ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.

Txog ntawm BS 7671

Lub IET khiav JPEL / 64 pawg neeg, (pawg neeg ntawm Lub Tebchaws Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Haujlwm), nrog cov sawv cev los ntawm ntau lub koom haum kev lag luam. Pab pawg yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm los ntawm pawg neeg thoob ntiaj teb thiab UK cov tseev kom muaj, kom muaj kev sib luag thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thoob plaws hauv UK kev lag luam hluav taws xob.

Hmoob 18 Xeem

Txoj Cai Tshaj Lij Ua Si 18th (BS 7671: 2018) luam tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 2018. Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab yuav tsum tau ua raws BS 7671: 2018 txij li lub Ib Hlis 1 2019.

Txhawm rau pab kev lag luam siv cov kev cai ntawm BS 7671, thiab kom mus txog hnub tim 18th, IET muab ntau yam khoom muaj nqis, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv taw qhia, txheej xwm thiab kev cob qhia, rau cov ntaub ntawv pub dawb xws li Wiring Matters online magazine. Saib rau kem hauv qab no yog xav paub ntxiv ntawm peb cov peev txheej.

18th tsab hloov

Cov npe hauv qab no muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm 18th IET Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm (tshaj tawm thib 2 Lub Xya Hli 2018). Cov npe no tsis yog qhov txhij txhua raws li muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv me me thoob plaws hauv phau ntawv tsis suav nrog ntawm no.

BS 7671: 2018 Qhov Tseeb rau Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob yuav muab tshaj tawm rau 2 Lub Xya Hli 2018 thiab npaj siab yuav los ua haujlwm ntawm 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2019.

Kev tsim kho teeb tsa tsim tom qab 31 lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2018 yuav tsum tau ua raws BS 7671: 2018.

Cov kev cai siv rau kev tsim qauv, kev txhim kho thiab kev paub tseeb ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, kuj ntxiv rau kev hloov kho thiab kev hloov kho rau kev teeb tsa uas twb muaj lawm. Cov kev siv uas twb muaj lawm uas tau teeb tsa raws li cov kev hloov kho dhau los ntawm Cov Kev Cai yuav tsis ua raws li tsab cai no hauv txhua qhov kev hwm. Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lawv tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv txuas ntxiv lossis xav tau kev txhim kho.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev hloov loj tau muab rau hauv qab no. (Qhov no tsis yog ib qho ua kom tiav).

Ntu 1 Kab Lus, yam khoom thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus

Kev Cai 133.1.3 (Xaiv cov khoom siv) tau hloov kho thiab tam sim no yuav tsum muaj nqe lus ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob.

Ntu 2 Lus Txhais

Cov ntsiab lus tau nthuav dav thiab hloov kho.

Tshooj Lus 41 tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

Tshooj 411 muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Qee qhov tseem ceeb tau hais tseg hauv qab no:

Cov kav hlau txuas nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev muaj ntu kab thaiv ntawm lawv qhov chaw nkag yuav tsum tsis muaj kev txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv kab ke tiv thaiv kab ke (txoj cai 411.3.1.2).

Cov sij hawm sib cais ntau tshaj plaws tau teev nyob hauv Cov Lus 41.1 tam sim no siv rau cov xov hluav taws xob kawg mus txog 63 A nrog rau ib lossis ntau qhov (socket-outlet) cov chaw tawm thiab 32 A rau cov kab hluav taws xob kawg muab cov khoom siv sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv tam sim no (txoj cai 411.3.2.2).

Txoj cai 411.3.3 tau hloov kho thiab tam sim no siv rau cov qhov hluav taws xob ntsaws-qhov muaj qhov ntsuas tam sim no tsis tshaj 32A. Muaj ib qho kev zam rau rho tawm RCD tiv thaiv qhov twg, dua li ntawm lub tsev nyob, ib daim ntawv teev cov kev pheej hmoo soj ntsuam txiav txim siab tias RCD tiv thaiv tsis tsim nyog.

Txoj Cai Tshiab 411.3.4 tseev kom muaj, nyob hauv tsev (tsev neeg) thaj chaw, ntxiv kev tiv thaiv los ntawm RCD nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm tam sim no tsis tshaj 30 mA yuav tsum muab rau AC kawg kev xa xov luminaires.

Txoj cai 411.4.3 tau hloov kho kom suav nrog tias tsis pub hloov chaw lossis cais cov twj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv PEN tus neeg xyuas pib.

Cov kev cai 411.4.4 thiab 411.4.5 tau tsim kho dua tshiab.

Cov kev cai hais txog IT systems (411.6) tau rov tsim dua tshiab. Cov Cai 411.6.3.1 thiab 411.6.3.2 tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab 411.6.4 tau rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsim Txoj Cai 411.6.5 tshiab.

Txoj cai tshiab pab pawg (419) tau muab tso rau qhov twg tsis siv neeg kev txiav txim siab raws li Txoj Cai 411.3.2 tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog tsawg-luv luv tam sim no.

Tshooj 42 Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv thermal teebmeem

Txoj cai tshiab 421.1.7 tau ua kom pom zoo los qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv tshawb nrhiav qhov ua txhaum (AFDDs) kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws hauv AC cov hluav taws xob zaum kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa kev hloov kho vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm arc txhaum tam sim no.

Txoj cai 422.2.1 tau hloov kho dua tshiab. Ua tim khawv rau cov xwm txheej BD2, BD3 thiab BD4 tau muab tshem tawm. Ib qho lus ceeb toom tau hais ntxiv hais tias cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum ua ntawm CPR txhawm rau ua raws li lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab ua raws li Daim Ntawv Qhia Ntxiv 2, yam khoom 17. Cov kev cai tseem tau suav nrog rau cov xaim hluav taws xob uas muab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb.

Tshooj 44 Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam thiab hluav taws xob tsis zoo

Tshooj 443, uas hais txog kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv overvoltages ntawm keeb kwm atmospheric los yog vim hloov mus, tau tsim kho dua tshiab.

AQ cov qauv (tej yam kev hloov ntawm sab nraud rau xob laim) rau kev txiav txim siab yog tias tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv yog tsis xav tau ntxiv rau hauv BS 7671. Hloov chaw, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv tau tau muab rau qhov twg qhov kev rau txim los ntawm overvoltage (saib Txoj Cai 443.4)

(a) ua rau raug mob hnyav rau, lossis ploj, ntawm tib neeg lub neej, lossis (b) ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev pabcuam pej xeem / lossis kev puas tsuaj rau thiab kev coj noj coj ua,
(c) ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam lossis chaw haujlwm, lossis
(d) cuam tshuam rau coob leej ntawm cov neeg nyob nrog.

Rau tag nrho lwm yam, muaj kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum ua hauv kev txiav txim siab seb puas tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv overvoltage yuav tsum tau ua.

Muaj qhov zam tsis yog muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov tsev nyob ib leeg nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej.

Tshooj 46 Cov twj siv rau kev rho tawm thiab hloov pauv - Tshooj Lus 46 tau qhia tshiab.

Qhov no hais txog kev txiav txim siab tsis yog-hauv zos thiab chaw taws teeb thiab kev ntsuas kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv lossis tshem tawm cov kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li, hloov mus rau kev tswj hwm ntawm cov voj voog lossis khoom siv. Qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob nyob qhov twg ntawm BS EN 60204, tsuas yog ua raws cov cai ntawd.

Tshooj 52 Xaiv thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob

Txoj cai 521.11.201 uas muab cov kev cai rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov kab hlau hluav taws xob hauv cov kab khiav tawm, tau hloov los ntawm txoj cai tshiab 521.10.202. Nov yog ib qho kev pauv hloov tseem ceeb.

Txoj cai 521.10.202 xav kom muaj hlua hluav taws xob txaus kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lawv kev puas tsuaj ua ntej thaum muaj hluav taws. Qhov no siv thoob plaws hauv lub installation thiab tsis yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev khiav tawm.

Txoj Cai 522.8.10 hais txog faus cov hlua tau raug hloov kho kom suav nrog tshwj xeeb rau SELV cov cab hluav taws xob.

Txoj cai 527.1.3 kuj tau hloov kho, thiab ib qho ntawv ceeb toom ntxiv hais tias cov xaim hluav taws xob kuj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm CPR kom saib xyuas lawv cov kev cuam tshuam rau hluav taws.

Tshooj 53 Kev Tiv Thaiv, cais tawm, hloov mus, tswj thiab saib xyuas

Tshooj lus no tau raug hloov kho tiav thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov kev cai dav dav rau kev tiv thaiv, cais tawm, hloov mus, tswj thiab saib xyuas thiab nrog rau cov tseev kom muaj rau kev xaiv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej muab los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm no.

Tshooj 534 Cov khoom siv rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv overvoltage

Seem no feem ntau yog hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev xaiv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm SPDs rau kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov pauv uas qhov xav tau ntawm Tshooj 443, BS EN 62305 series, lossis raws li tau hais tseg.

Tshooj 534 tau hloov kho kom meej thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj hloov kev hloov pauv yog hais txog kev xaiv qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau theem kev tiv thaiv voltage.

Tshooj Lus 54 Hais Txog Tus Kheej thiab tus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv

Ob txoj kev cai tshiab (542.2.3 thiab 542.2.8) tau hais tawm txog hluav taws xob hauv ntiaj teb.

Ob qho kev cai tshiab ntxiv (543.3.3.101 thiab 543.3.3.102) tau raug qhia. Cov no muab cov tseev kom muaj rau kev nkag mus hloov lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, qhov kev cai tom kawg ntsig txog cov xwm txheej uas kev teeb tsa tau muab los ntawm ntau qhov ntawm lub zog.

Tshooj Lus 55 Lwm cov khoom siv

Kev cai 550.1 taw qhia qhov tshiab.

Txoj Cai Tshiab 559.10 yog hais txog cov teeb pom kev hauv av uas tau tso tawm, cov kev xaiv thiab kev ua tiav ntawm qhov yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev taw qhia uas tau muab teev hauv Table A.1 ntawm BS EN 60598-2-13.

Ntu 6 Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas

Ntu 6 tau hloov kho dua tshiab, suav nrog txoj cai tus lej mus ua haujlwm nrog CENELEC tus qauv.

Tshooj 61, 62 thiab 63 tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshooj no tam sim no tsim ob tshooj tshiab 64 thiab 65.

Tshooj 704 Kev tsim kho thiab rhuav tshem thaj chaw cov chaw

Seem no muaj ntau cov kev hloov pauv me me, suav nrog cov tseev kom muaj rau sab nraud cuam tshuam (Kev Cai 704.512.2), thiab kev hloov kho rau Kev Cai 704.410.3.6 hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas ntawm hluav taws xob sib cais.

Tshooj 708 Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv chaw nres tsheb / chaw pw pw hav zoov thiab cov chaw zoo sib xws

Seem no muaj ntau cov kev hloov pauv nrog rau cov tseev kom muaj ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob-tawm, RCD kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam sab nraud.

Ntu 710 Cov chaw khomob

Ntu no muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv me me nrog rau kev tshem tawm Cov Lus 710, thiab cov kev hloov pauv rau Cov Cai 710.415.2.1 txog 710.415.2.3 txog kev ua kom ncaj ncees.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, Txoj Cai Kev Cai 710.421.1.201 hais txog cov tseev kom muaj hais txog kev teeb tsa ntawm AFDDs.

Tshooj 715 Txuas Ntxiv cov hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob

Ntu no tsuas yog kev hloov pauv me me nrog rau kev hloov kho rau Kev Cai 715.524.201.

Tshooj 721 Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv tsheb khiav thiab tus neeg tsav lub tsheb

Seem no muaj ntau cov kev hloov pauv nrog suav cov hluav taws xob sib cais, RCDs, qhov sib thooj rau cov kev pabcuam tsis yog hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo.

Ntu 722 Kev tsav tsheb kom them nqi hluav taws xob

Seem no muaj cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau Txoj Cai 722.411.4.1 hais txog kev siv PME txoj kev xa khoom.

Muaj kev zam tshwj xeeb rau qhov kev coj ua tau raug tshem tawm.

Hloov tau kuj tau tsim kom muaj kev xav tau rau sab nraud influences, RCDs, ntsawb-qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov txuas.

Ntu 730 Chav nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hluav taws xob sib txuas rau cov nkoj nkoj sab hauv

Qhov no yog ib tshooj tshiab tag nrho thiab siv rau kev txhim kho onshore mob siab rau cov khoom siv hauv cov nkoj hauv nkoj hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm lub hom phiaj, berthed hauv cov chaw nres nkoj thiab berths.

Feem ntau, yog tias tsis yog txhua yam, ntawm kev ntsuas siv los txo cov kev pheej hmoo hauv marinas siv sib npaug rau cov xaim hluav taws xob sib txuas rau cov nkoj hauv cov nkoj. Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv mus rau cov nkoj hauv ib qho marina sib txuas thiab cov ntug dej hluav taws xob sib txuas rau cov nkoj hla hiav txwv yog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom xav tau.

Ntu 753 Cov pa taws hauv pem teb thiab qab nthab

Seem no tau raug hloov kho tiav lawm.

Qhov seem ntawm Ntu 753 tau txuas ntxiv mus thov siv rau cov hluav taws xob cua sov rau cov tshuab ua cua sov.

Cov tseev kom muaj tseem siv rau hluav taws xob cua sov rau kev tiv thaiv de-icing lossis te kev tiv thaiv lossis kev siv zoo sib xws, thiab npog ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud.

Cov cua kub rau kev tsim kev lag luam thiab kev ua lag luam raws li IEC 60519, IEC 62395 thiab IEC 60079 tsis kam.

Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv

Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv qab no tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv txuas ntxiv

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 1 Cov Qauv Hauv Tebchaws Askiv uas yog siv rau hauv Cov Kev Cai muaj suav cov kev hloov me, thiab ntxiv rau.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 3 Sijhawm / tam sim no cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv overcurrent khoom siv thiab RCDs

Cov txheej txheem yav dhau los ntawm Cov Lus Qhia 14 txog ntiaj teb kev txhaum lub voj kev cuam tshuam tau hloov mus rau Daim Ntawv Ntxiv 3.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 6 Qauv qauv ntawv pov thawj thiab ntawv tshaj tawm

Daim ntawv txuas ntxiv no muaj kev hloov pauv me me rau daim ntawv pov thawj, kev hloov pauv mus kuaj (rau kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm tshiab nkaus xwb) rau cov chaw nyob hauv tsev thiab zoo sib xws nrog txog li 100 A mov, thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom uas xav tau kev soj ntsuam rau kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 7 (xov xwm) Harmonized cable ntxhais xim

Daim ntawv ntxiv no tsuas yog pauv hloov me me xwb.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 8 Tam sim no-nqa lub peev xwm thiab voltage poob

Daim ntawv rws no suav txog kev hloov pauv ntsig txog yam ntaus nqi rau lub peev xwm tam sim no.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 14 Kev txiav txim ntawm tus neeg tham lwm yam txhaum cai tam sim no

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv 14 txog lub ntiaj teb kev txhaum cuam tshuam kev hloov pauv tau hloov mus rau Daim Ntawv Ntxiv 3. Daim Ntawv Ntxiv 14 tam sim no muaj cov lus qhia txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov txhaum yav tom ntej.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv 17 Zog efficiency

Nov yog daim ntawv txuas ntxiv tshiab uas tau qhia txog kev tsim thiab kho kom zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob suav nrog kev teeb tsa muaj lub zog hauv zos thiab kev cia zog rau kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho.

Cov lus pom zoo nyob hauv qhov kev hloov ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm no thov siv rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tshiab thiab kev hloov kho ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov kab lus kawg no yuav tsis siv rau hauv tsev thiab sib ntxiv.

Nws xav tias cov ntawv ntxiv no tau nyeem nrog BS IEC 60364-8-1, thaum luam tawm xyoo 2018

Txoj kev qhia ntawm IET Txoj Cai Tswjfwm xav tau txhua tus qauv tsim hluav taws xob tshiab thiab kev teeb tsa, nrog rau kev hloov pauv thiab ntxiv rau cov kev teeb tsa uas twb muaj lawm, kom raug soj ntsuam tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv cov teeb meem pheej hmoo thiab, thaum tsim nyog, kev tiv thaiv siv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom zoo (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Surge Protection Devices SPDs )).

Kev hloov pauv overvoltage kev tiv thaiv kev taw qhia
Raws li IEC 60364 series, 18th ntawm BS 7671 Cov kab ke thaiv hluav taws xob npog cov hluav taws xob kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tuam tsev suav nrog kev siv cov tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

Daim 18th ntawm BS 7671 siv rau qhov tsim, txhim kho thiab paub tseeb ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, thiab tseem ntxiv rau kev hloov kho thiab kev hloov kho rau kev teeb tsa uas twb muaj lawm. Cov kev siv uas twb muaj lawm uas tau tsim kho raws li kev tsim ua ntej ntawm BS 7671 yuav tsis ua raws li 18th tsab nyob rau txhua qhov kev hwm. Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lawv tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv txuas ntxiv lossis xav tau kev txhim kho.

Qhov hloov tshiab tseem ceeb hauv 18 tsab ntawv cuam tshuam rau Ntu 443 thiab 534, uas txhawj xeeb txog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob, tsis hais qhov teeb meem ntawm atmospheric keeb kwm (xob laim) lossis hluav taws xob hloov cov xwm txheej. Qhov tseem ceeb, 18 tsab yuav tsum tau tsim txhua cov qauv siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab kev teeb tsa, nrog rau kev hloov pauv thiab ntxiv rau kev teeb tsa uas twb muaj lawm, kom raug soj ntsuam tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv cov teeb meem pheej hmoo thiab, thaum tsim nyog, kev tiv thaiv siv kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog tsim nyog (hauv daim ntawv ntawm SPDs).

Tsis pub dhau BS 7671:
Tshooj 443: txhais cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsis hloov pauv, xav txog cov khoom xa mus rau cov qauv, kev pheej hmoo thiab rated impulse voltages ntawm cov khoom siv

Tshooj 534: qhia meej txog kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm SPDs rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo overvoltage, suav nrog SPD Hom, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib koom tes

Cov neeg nyeem phau ntawv qhia no yuav tsum muaj lub siab xav txog kev tiv thaiv txhua qhov kev pabcuam cov kav hlau uas tawm tsam los ntawm kev pheej hmoo hla cov teeb taws hluav taws xob.

BS 7671 muab kev taw qhia tsom xam rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob uas npaj rau nruab rau ntawm AC cov khoom siv fais fab loj.

Txhawm rau soj ntsuam Lub Tshav Tiv Thaiv Tshav Pob LPZ hauv BS 7671 thiab BS EN 62305, tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv hauv cov xov hlau, xws li cov ntaub ntawv, teeb liab thiab xov tooj sib txuas lus, kuj yog txoj hauv kev los mus hla dhau cov hluav taws xob mus rau cov khoom puas tsuaj. Xws li tag nrho cov kab yuav xav tau SPDs uas tsim nyog.

BS 7671 pom meej meej kom tus nyeem rov qab mus rau BS EN 62305 thiab BS EN 61643 kom tau txais kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tau hais kom dav nyob hauv LSP phau ntawv qhia rau BS EN 62305 Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntawm Xob.

TSEEM CEEB: Khoom siv tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm hla dhau-tawg yog tias txhua qhov nkag / tawm ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv.

Kev tiv thaiv txuas hluav taws xob overvoltage Tiv thaiv koj cov hluav taws xob

Vim li cas kev hloov pauv overvoltage thiaj li tseem ceeb?

Kev hloov mus dhau-cov hluav taws xob tsis ntev yog cov xaim hluav taws xob nyob ntev ntawm ob lossis ntau tus neeg sib tw (L-PE, LN lossis N-PE), uas tuaj yeem mus txog 6 kV ntawm 230 Vacers kab hluav taws xob, thiab feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm:

• Lub hauv paus chiv keeb (xob laim ua si los ntawm kev tawm tsam lossis kev sib txuas sib txuas lus, thiab / lossis hluav taws xob hloov ntawm kev thauj khoom inductive)
• Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ho puas ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Kev puas tsuaj tag nrho rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis zoo, xws li

khoos phis tawj thiab lwm yam, tshwm sim thaum hloov pauv tsis dhau ntawm L-PE lossis N-PE tshaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li 1.5 kV rau qeb I cov khoom siv rau BS 7671 Cov Lus 443.2). Cov khoom siv ua puas tsuaj ua rau muaj qhov ua tsis tiav thiab poob peev ntawm lub sijhawm kim, lossis kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws / hluav taws xob vim flashover, yog tias rwb thaiv tsev tawg. Txo cov hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, txawm li cas los xij, pib ntawm ntau qis tshaj qhov sib tsoo thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv poob, siv hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab cov cuab yeej luv luv lub neej. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li hauv tsev kho mob, tuam txhab nyiaj thiab cov kev pabcuam pej xeem feem ntau, kev xiam oob qhab yuav tsum raug zam los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob, uas tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm LN, muaj tsawg dua qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej. Qhov no tuaj yeem xam tau ob zaug qhov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, yog tias tsis paub (piv txwv li kwv yees 715 V rau 230 V tshuab). Kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hloov pauv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm SPDs ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog hauv cov hluav taws xob, raws li BS 7671 Tshooj 534 thiab cov lus qhia hauv phau ntawv tshaj tawm no. Xaiv SPDs nrog qis dua (piv txwv li zoo dua) hluav taws xob tiv thaiv qib (U_P) yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas mus ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Piv txwv ntawm overvoltage tiv thaiv yuav tsum BS 7671

Kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo
Raws li tshooj 443 tau hais txog, tag nrho BS EN 62305-2 qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum raug siv rau qhov chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab xws li chaw nuclear lossis tshuaj lom neeg qhov twg cov kev rau txim rau kev hloov pauv mus ntev yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg, muaj teeb meem tshuaj lom lossis cov pa paug. cuam ​​tshuam ib puag ncig.

Sab nraud ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo siab, yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau tus qauv nws tus kheej lossis mus rau kab hla mus rau cov qauv SPDs yuav tsum ua raws li BS EN 62305.

Tshooj 443 siv txoj hauv kev ncaj qha rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hloov pauv uas yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov tshwm sim los ntawm overvoltage raws li cov lus 1 saum toj no.

Xam Seb Puas Muaj Qib CRL - BS 7671
BS 7671 clause 443.5 txais yuav cov qauv ntsuas kev pheej hmoo yooj yim ua tiav los ntawm kev ua tiav thiab ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntawm BS EN 62305-2. Siv cov mis yooj yim los txiav txim Lub Qib Kev Ntsuas Qib CRL.

Lub CRL pom tau zoo tshaj plaws raws li qhov tshwm sim lossis lub caij nyoog ntawm kev teeb tsa raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab yog li siv los txiav txim siab yog tias SPD tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj.

Yog tias CRL tus nqi tsawg dua 1000 (lossis tsawg dua 1 nyob rau hauv 1000 txoj hmoo) ces SPD tiv thaiv yuav tsum muab nruab. Zoo sib xws yog tias tus nqi CRL yog 1000 lossis siab dua (lossis ntau dua 1 nyob rau hauv 1000 txoj hauv kev) ces SPD tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav ua rau lub installation.

Tus CRL yog pom los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
CRL = np_{kwv yees} / (L os_P x N os_g)

Qhov twg:

• f_{kwv yees} yog ib puag ncig ntsuas thiab tus nqi f_{kwv yees} yuav raug xaiv raws li Daim Ntawv 443.1
• L_P yog qhov kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntev hauv km
• N_g yog tus laim laim hauv av nyem ntom ntab (ntog toj ib km² hauv ib xyoos) cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm kab hluav taws xob thiab kab qauv txuas nrog

Lub f_{kwv yees} tus nqi yog raws tus qauv ib puag ncig lossis chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob deb nroog lossis chaw nyob sab nrauv, cov qauv tsim muaj kev sib cais ntau thiab yog li muaj ntau dhau los cuam tshuam ntawm cov huab cua ntau ntawm cov huab cua thaum piv rau cov qauv hauv cov chaw hauv nroog.

Kev ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntev LP
Kev ntsuas qhov phom sij ntev LP xam raws li hauv qab no:
L_P = 2 hli_NPAWG + L ua_PCL + 0.4 hli_PAH + 0.2 hli_PCH (Km)

Qhov twg:

• L_NPAWG yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm tsawg-voltage nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab
• L_PCL yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm tsawg-voltage underground cable
• L_PAH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab
• L_PCH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage underground cable

Qhov ntev tag nrho (L_NPAWG + L ua_PCL + L ua_PAH + L ua_PCH) txwv rau 1 km, lossis los ntawm qhov deb ntawm thawj overvoltage tiv thaiv ntaus hauv HV fais fab network (saib Daim Duab) rau keeb kwm ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, saib qhov twg yog qhov me dua.

Yog tias cov xaib xa tawm qhov ntev ntev tag nrho lossis ib nrab tsis paub ces L_NPAWG yuav tsum ua kom muaj qhov sib luag nrog qhov seem kom ncav cuag tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm 1 km. Piv txwv li, yog tias tsuas yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov xov tooj cua underground paub (piv txwv li 100 m), qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj L_NPAWG yuav tsum ua zoo ib yam li 900 m. Daim duab piv txwv ntawm kev teeb tsa uas nthuav tawm qhov ntev yuav tau txiav txim siab yog qhia hauv Daim duab 04 (Daim Duab 443.3 ntawm BS 7671). Av nyem ntom tus nqi N_g

Hauv av nyem ntom tus nqi N_g tuaj yeem nqa los ntawm UK cov duab hluav taws xob nyem daim duab qhia hauv daim duab 05 (daim duab 443.1 ntawm BS 7671) - tsuas yog txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm tus qauv yog qhov twg thiab xaiv tus nqi ntawm Ng siv tus yuam sij. Piv txwv li, central Nottingham muaj ib qho Ng ntawm 1. Siv ua ke nrog ib puag ncig f_{kwv yees}, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov phom sij L_P, Cov N_g tus nqi tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav cov mis cov ntaub ntawv rau kev xam tus nqi CRL thiab txiav txim siab yog kev tiv thaiv overvoltage xav tau lossis tsis tau.

Daim duab qhia txog UK xob laim ntom qhov teeb meem (daim duab 05) thiab cov ntawv sau me me (daim duab 06) los pab cov kev txiav txim siab rau txheej txheem rau daim ntawv thov ntawm Tshooj 443 (nrog kev taw qhia rau Hom Lus Qhia SPD rau Tshooj 534) raws li hauv qab no. Qee qhov ua piv txwv kev pheej hmoo kuj muaj.

Kev soj ntsuam qhov phom sij rau SPD kev txiav txim siab ntws tawm rau kev teeb tsa nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm BS 7671 18th Tsab Cai

Piv txwv ntawm suav cov kev pheej hmoo qib CRL rau kev siv SPDs (BS 7671 kev qhia xov xwm txuas rau A443).

Piv txwv 1 - Lub tsev nyob hauv ib puag ncig hauv chaw nyob hauv Cov Ntawv Ceeb Toom uas muaj hluav taws xob los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ntau uas 0.4 km yog LV kab thiab 0.6 km yog HV kab Av av ntom nthe rau Ng hauv nruab nrab Cov Ntawv Ceeb = 1 (los ntawm daim duab 05 UK nyem qhov hnyav daim duab qhia).

Ib puag ncig f_{kwv yees} = 85 (rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig - saib Cov Lus 2) Kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntev L_P

• L_P = 2 hli_NPAWG + L ua_PCL + 0.4 hli_PAH + 0.2 hli_PCH
• L_P Luas = (2 × 0.4)
• L_P  = 1.04

Qhov twg:

• L_NPAWG yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm qhov tsawg-voltage overhead kab = 0.4
• L_PAH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab = 0.6
• L_PCL yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm tsawg-voltage underground cable = 0
• LP_CH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage underground cable = 0

Xam Tau Theem Qhov Kev Nyab Xeeb (CRL)

• CRL = np_{kwv yees} / (L os_P × N os_g)
• luas = 85 x 1.04
• PAB = 81.7

Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, SPD tiv thaiv yuav tsum muab nruab raws li CRL tus nqi tsawg dua 1000.

Piv txwv 2 - Lub tsev nyob hauv nroog ib puag ncig nyob rau sab qaum teb Cumbria muab los ntawm HV underground cable Av nyem ntom N_g rau sab qaum teb Cumbria = 0.1 (los ntawm Daim Duab 05 UK daim duab qhia kev nrawm) Ib puag ncig f_{kwv yees} = 85 (rau ib puag ncig cov ntug nroog - saib Cov Lus 2)

Kev ntsuas qhov kev phom sij L_P

• L_P = 2 hli_NPAWG + L ua_PCL + 0.4 hli_PAH + 0.2 hli_PCH
• L_P Luas = 0.2 x 1
• L_P = 0.2

Qhov twg:

• L_NPAWG yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm qhov tsawg-voltage overhead kab = 0
• L_PAH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab = 0
• L_PCL yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm tsawg-voltage underground cable = 0
• L_PCH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage underground cable = 1

Xam Tau Theem Qhov Kev Nyab Xeeb (CRL)

• CRL = np_{kwv yees} / (L os_P × N os_g)
• luas = 85 x 0.2
• PAB = 4250

Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, SPD tiv thaiv tsis yog qhov yuav tsum ua vim CRL tus nqi ntau dua 1000.

Piv txwv 3 - Lub tsev nyob hauv nroog ib puag ncig nyob rau yav qab teb Shropshire - cov lus qhia tsis paub meej Cov av nyem N_g rau yav qab teb Shropshire = 0.5 (los ntawm Daim Duab 05 UK daim duab qhia kev nrawm). Ib puag ncig f_{kwv yees} = 850 (rau qhov ib puag ncig hauv nroog - saib Cov Lus 2) Kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntev L_P

• L_P = 2 hli_NPAWG + L ua_PCL + 0.4 hli_PAH + 0.2 hli_PCH
• L_P = (2 x 1) Luas
• L_P = 2

Qhov twg:

• L_NPAWG yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob sab hauv kab = 1 (cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom noj tsis pub paub - ntau tshaj 1 km)
• L_PAH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab = 0
• L_PCL yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm tsawg-voltage underground cable = 0
• L_PCH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage underground cable = 0

Xam Tau Pheej hmoo Theem CRL

• CRL = np_{kwv yees} / (L os_P × N os_g)
• luas = 850 x 2
• PAB = 850

Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, SPD tiv thaiv yuav tsum muab nruab raws li CRL tus nqi tsawg dua 1000. Piv txwv 4 - Lub tsev nyob hauv nroog ib puag ncig hauv London muab los ntawm LV underground cable av nyem ntom N_g rau London = 0.8 (los ntawm Daim Duab 05 UK daim duab qhia kev ceev nyem) Ib puag ncig f_{kwv yees} = 850 (rau qhov ib puag ncig hauv nroog - saib Cov Lus 2) Kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntev L_P

• L_P = 2 hli_NPAWG + L ua_PCL + 0.4 hli_PAH + 0.2 hli_PCH
• L_P = 1

Qhov twg:

• L_NPAWG yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm qhov tsawg-voltage overhead kab = 0
• L_PAH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab = 0
• L_PCL yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm tsawg-voltage underground cable = 1
• L_PCH yog qhov ntev (km) ntawm high-voltage underground cable = 0

Xam Tau Theem Qhov Kev Nyab Xeeb (CRL)

• CRL = np_{kwv yees} / (L os_P × N os_g)
• luas = 850 x 1
• PAB = 1062.5

Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, kev tiv thaiv SPD tsis yog qhov yuav tsum muaj vim tias CRL tus nqi ntau dua 1000.

Kev tiv thaiv kev hloov cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xaiv SPDs mus rau BS 7671

Xaiv SPDs rau BS 7671
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Ntu ntawm 534 ntawm BS 7671 yog kom ua tiav cov kev txwv tsis pub dhau ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob AC kom tau txais kev sib haum xeeb, nyob hauv Kab 443, thiab lwm cov qauv, suav nrog BS EN 62305-4.

Overvoltage txwv yog ua tiav los ntawm kev teeb tsa SPDs raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv Tshooj 534 (rau AC fais fab system), thiab BS EN 62305-4 (rau lwm lub zog thiab cov ntaub ntawv, teeb liab lossis xov tooj sib txuas lus).

Kev xaiv ntawm SPD yuav tsum ua tiav qhov kev txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov huab cua keeb kwm, thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv overvoltages tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim ncaj qha lossis xob laim ntawm thaj tsam ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv xob laim System LPS.

Kev xaiv SPD
SPD yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov cai hauv qab no:

• Kev tiv thaiv voltage theem (U_P)
• Kev khiav hauj lwm tas mus li voltage (U_C)
• Kev rho tawm ib ntus (U_TOV)
• Nominal muaj paug tam sim no (I_n) thiab impulse tam sim no (I_imp)
• Kwv yees qhov txhaum tam sim no thiab ua raws li cov kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev xaiv SPD yog nws qhov kev tiv thaiv voltage (U_P)). Qib rau SPD qhov kev tiv thaiv voltage (U_P) yuav tsum qis dua qhov tsis txaus (voltage raul impulse voltage)_W) ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (txhais hauv Cov Lus 443.2), lossis rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, nws qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.

Qhov twg tsis paub, kev tiv thaiv kev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem suav tau ob zaug ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws ntawm hluav taws xob (piv txwv li kwv yees 715 V rau 230 V tshuab). Cov khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb txuas rau 230/400 V tsau kev teeb tsa lub tshuab hluav taws xob (piv txwv li UPS system) yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm SPD nrog U_P qis dua Qeb II ntsuas impulse voltage (2.5 kV). Cov khoom rhiab, xws li khoos phis tawm thiab PCs, yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv SPD ntxiv rau Hom I rated impulse voltage (1.5 kV).

Cov nuj nqis no yuav tsum raug suav tias yog ua tiav qib qis ntawm kev tiv thaiv. SPDs nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob qis dua (U_P) muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua, los ntawm:

• Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm SPD txoj kev sib txuas
• Txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov voltage oscillations nqes dej uas tuaj yeem mus txog ob zaug SPD's U_P ntawm cov khoom siv terminals
• Ua kom cov cuab yeej siv kev ntxhov siab kom tsawg, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm lub neej

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ib qho kev tiv thaiv SPD (SPD * rau BS EN 62305) yuav ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev xaiv, xws li SPDs muaj qib tiv thaiv voltage (U_P) kev xav tau qis dua li kev siv khoom ua kom puas thiab qhov ua tau zoo yog ua tiav qhov ua tiav ntawm lub xeev tiv thaiv. Raws li BS EN 62305, txhua qhov SPD uas raug teeb tsa kom ua raws li cov cai ntawm BS 7671 yuav tsum ua raws cov khoom tsim thiab kuaj (BS EN 61643 series).

Piv rau SPDs txuj, kev tiv thaiv SPD zoo dua qub muaj ob qho txuj ci kev lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag zoo:

• Muab tso ua ke nrog kev sib khi thiab kev tiv thaiv overvoltage tiv thaiv (Hom 1 + 2 & Hom 1 + 2 + 3)
• Kev tiv thaiv tag nrho (hom thiab tsis zoo ib yam) kev tiv thaiv, qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo los ntawm txhua hom kev hloov pauv overvoltage - xob laim & hloov thiab
• Zoo SPD kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv ib chav ntsuas tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa ntawm ntau hom qauv SPDs los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg

Ua raws li BS EN 62305 / BS 7671, BS 7671 Ntu 534 qhia kev taw qhia txog kev xaiv thiab teeb tsa SPDs kom muaj kev txwv qis rau kev hloov pauv ntawm AC fais fab. BS 7671 Ntu 443 hais tias ‚cov hloov pauv ntawm qhov xa hluav taws xob tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau hauv qhov dej feem ntau hauv BS 7671 Ntu 534 yog li pom zoo tias SPDs raug teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev siv hluav taws xob:

• Raws li ze li xyaum ua rau keeb kwm ntawm kev teeb tsa (feem ntau hauv pawg thawj tswj hwm loj tom qab lub ntsuas dej)
• Raws li ze rau kev coj ua mus rau cov khoom siv rhiab (qib faib khoom), thiab hauv zos rau cov cuab yeej siv tseem ceeb

Kev teeb tsa rau ntawm 230/400 V TN-CS / TN-S system siv LSP SPDs, kom tau raws li cov cai ntawm BS 7671.

Qhov kev tiv thaiv tau zoo npaum li cas los ntawm kev pabcuam nkag SPD los hloov lub teeb hluav taws xob muaj zog hluav taws xob rau lub ntiaj teb, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke hauv nruab nrog SPDs ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv rhiab thiab tseem ceeb.

Xaiv cov SPDs uas tsim nyog
SPDs tau muab faib ua Hom raws li BS 7671 raws li cov qauv ntsuas hauv BS EN 62305.

Qhov twg lub tsev muaj cov txheej txheem LPS, lossis txuas nrog cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntawm cov xim hlau uas muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob ncaj qha, cov khoom sib txuas tiv thaiv SPDs (Hom 1 lossis Hom Ntaus 1 + 2) yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm qhov kev pabcuam nkag, txhawm rau tshem tawm kev phom sij.

Kev Teeb Tseg ntawm Hom 1 SPDs ib leeg txawm li cas los xij tsis muab kev tiv thaiv rau hauv cov koos pij tawj. Transient overvoltage SPDs (Hom 2 thiab Hom 3, lossis Hom 1 + 2 + 3 thiab Hom 2 + 3) yog li yuav tsum tau muab nruab qis rau ntawm qhov chaw nkag. Cov SPDs txuas ntxiv tiv thaiv cov kev hloov overvoltages tshwm sim los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob tsis ncaj (ntawm kev tiv thaiv lossis kev sib txuas sib txuas) thiab hluav taws xob hloov ntawm kev hloov pauv.

Kev Sib Tw Hom SPD (xws li LSP FLP25-275 series) ua rau cov txheej txheem xaiv rau SPD yooj yim dua, txawm hais tias txhim kho ntawm qhov kev pabcuam nkag los lossis nqes rau hauv hluav taws xob.

LSP ntau ntawm SPDs txhim kho kev daws teeb meem rau BS EN 62305 / BS 7671.
LSP ntau ntawm SPDs (lub hwj chim, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov xov tooj) tau hais qhia dav hauv txhua daim ntawv thov kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm txuas mus ntxiv ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb. Lawv tsim ua ib feem ntawm ua tiav hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev daws teeb meem rau BS EN 62305. LSP FLP12,5 thiab FLP25 zog SPD cov khoom yog hom 1 + 2 pab kiag li lawm, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm chaw nkag, thaum muab cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv zoo dua qub (nce mus rau BS EN 62305) nruab nrab ntawm txhua tus neeg xyuas pib lossis qauv. Qhov qhia txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb qhia rau tus neeg siv ntawm:

• Lub zog tsis muaj zog
• Poob rau theem
• NE ntau dhau
• Txo kev tiv thaiv

SPD thiab cov xwm txheej tsis txaus siab kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tib zoo saib xyuas deb ntawm tus xov tooj hu dawb.

LSP SLP40 hwj chim SPDs Txuag tus nqi tiv thaiv rau BS 7671

LSP SLP40 ntau ntawm SPDs qhuas DIN rail khoom daws muaj txiaj ntsig tus nqi tiv thaiv kev lag luam, kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho vaj tsev.

• Thaum ib qho kev tiv thaiv puas lawm, cov ntsuas tshuab yuav hloov ntsuab mus rau xim liab, ua rau kev sib chwv tsis pub nrov
• Nyob rau theem no cov khoom yuav tsum tau hloov, tab sis tus neeg siv tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm xaj khoom thiab txheej txheem
• Thaum twg ob yam khoom ntawd raug puas ntsoog tas, qhov kawg ntawm kev taw qhia lub neej yuav dhau mus ua xim liab

Txhim Kho ntawm SPDs Ntu 534, BS 7671
Tseem ceeb ntev ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib
Ib qho SPD uas ib txwm muaj yuav ib txwm muaj kev tso hluav taws xob ntau dua los ntawm hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv piv nrog qhov ntsuas tiv thaiv voltage (UP) tau teev nyob rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim cov ntaub ntawv, vim muaj hluav taws xob sib ntxiv rau cov xaj ntawm SPD qhov sib txuas.

Yog li, rau qhov siab tshaj qhov hloov overvoltage tiv thaiv SPD txoj kab txuas nrog yuav tsum muab khaws cia kom luv li sai tau. BS 7671 txhais tau hais tias rau SPDs tau nruab rau hauv parallel (shunt), tag nrho cov txhuas ntev ntawm cov kab conductors, tus tiv thaiv tus coj thiab SPD zoo dua yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.5 m thiab tsis pub tshaj 1 m. Saib Daim Duab 08 (overleaf) piv txwv. Rau SPDs tau teeb tsa hauv-kab (series), cov hmoov txhuas ntev ntawm tus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv thiab SPD nyiam dua yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua 0.5 m thiab tsis pub tshaj 1 m.

Kev xyaum zoo tshaj
Pluag tsis zoo tuaj yeem txo qis ua tau zoo ntawm SPDs. Yog li ntawd, ua kom cov kev sib txuas ua luv luv li sai tau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom tau zoo, thiab txo qis txuas ntxiv rau qhov tsis sib xws.

Qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws cabling, xws li kev khi sib txuas sib txuas ua ke ntev dhau ntawm lawv qhov ntev li sai tau, siv cov hlua txuas lossis cov kauv qhwv, zoo heev ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kev coj ua.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm SPD nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsawg (U.)_P), thiab luv luv, cov hlua khi txuas sib txuas kom paub tseeb tias muaj qhov txhim kho kom zoo rau kev xav tau ntawm BS 7671.

Ntu-ntu ntu thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg txuas txuas
Rau SPDs txuas nrog ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev teeb tsa (kev pabcuam nkag) BS 7671 xav tau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntu ntu thaj tsam loj ntawm SPDs sib txuas ua cov hlau nplaum (tooj liab lossis sib npaug) rau PEve tus neeg xyuas pib ntsig yuav:
16 hli²/ 6 hli² rau Hom 1 SPDs
16 hli²/ 6 hli² rau Hom 1 SPDs