Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge yog siv rau kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, xov tooj sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas lus thiab cov tsheb npav tsis siv neeg.

2.4 Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Raug Ruaj Ntseg (SPD)

Surge Protection Device (SPD) yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.

Cov cuab yeej no txuas nrog rau thaum sib tw ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob txuas ntawm lub nra sib uas nws muaj los tiv thaiv (saib Daim duab J17). Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau txhua qib ntawm kev xa xov hluav taws xob.

Qhov no yog qhov feem ntau siv thiab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv overvoltage.

Ntsiab Cai

SPD yog tsim los txwv qis zaus overvoltages ntawm atmospheric keeb kwm thiab hloov chaw tam sim no rau lub ntiaj teb, thiaj li txwv cov dav ntawm no overvoltage rau tus nqi uas tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob switchgear thiab tswj cov iav.

SPD tshem tawm cov kev hla mus:

• nyob rau hauv hom, nruab nrab ntawm theem thiab nruab nrab lossis lub ntiaj teb;
• nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv, nruab nrab ntawm theem thiab nruab nrab. Thaum muaj kev overvoltage siab tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm, SPD
• ua lub zog rau ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv hom;
• faib lub zog rau lwm tus coj nyob, hauv hom txawv.

Qhov peb hom SPD:

• Hom 1 SPD

Hom 1 SPD raug pom zoo nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tshwj xeeb ntawm kev pabcuam-sector thiab cov tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev, tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim lossis lub tawb kaw. Nws tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm rov qab-tam sim no los ntawm hluav taws xob sib kis tau los ntawm tus neeg xyuas hauv ntiaj teb mus rau tus neeg xyuas pib network.

Hom 1 SPD yog tus cwj pwm ntawm 10/350 μs yoj tam sim no.

• Hom 2 SPD

Hom 2 SPD yog qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo rau txhua qhov hluav taws xob qis. Nruab rau hauv txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm overvoltages hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv cov nra.

Hom 2 SPD yog pom los ntawm 8/20 μs yoj tam sim no.

• Hom 3 SPD

Cov SPDs no muaj qhov qes qis. Lawv yuav tsum yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau muab ntsia ua qhov khoom ntxiv rau Hom 2 SPD thiab ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom hnyav. Hom 3 SPD yog pom los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob (1.2 / 50 μs) thiab nthwv dej tam sim no (8/20 μs).

SPD kev cai txhais cov ntsiab lus

2.4.1 cov yam ntxwv ntawm SPD

Thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv IEC 61643-11 tsab 1.0 (03/2011) txhais cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ntsuas rau SPD txuas nrog rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg (saib daim duab J19).

• Cov yam ntxwv nquag

- LOSSIS_c: Qhov ntau qhov kev khiav hauj lwm tas mus li

Nov yog AC lossis DC voltage uas tshaj qhov uas SPD tau ua haujlwm. Tus nqi no raug xaiv raws li cov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab qhov system earthing kev npaj.

- LOSSIS_p: Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb theem (ntawm I_n)

Qhov no yog qhov hluav taws xob ntau thoob plaws cov nqe lus ntawm SPD thaum nws tseem ua haujlwm. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob no tau mus txog thaum qhov tam sim no ntws hauv SPD yog sib npaug rau I_nCov. Qeb kev tiv thaiv qib xaiv yuav tsum yog qis dua overvoltage thev taus lub peev xwm ntawm cov loads (saib ntu 3.2). Thaum muaj hluav taws xob xob laim, qhov voltage thoob plaws cov nqe lus ntawm SPD feem ntau tseem tsawg dua U_p.

- Kuv_n: Nominal paug tam sim no

Qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm tam sim no ntawm 8/20 μs waveform uas SPD muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm 15 zaug.

• Hom 1 SPD

- Kuv_imp: Impulse tam sim no

Qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm tam sim no ntawm 10/350 μs waveform uas SPD muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm 5 zaug.

- Kuv_fi: Autoextinguish ua raws li tam sim no

Siv tau rau lub txim hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis.

Qhov no yog qhov tam sim no (50 Hz) uas SPD muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam los ntawm nws tus kheej tom qab flashover. Qhov hluav taws xob no yuav tsum yog qhov ntau tshaj li qhov kev cia siab luv luv-tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev teeb tsa.

• Hom 2 SPD

- Kuv_max: Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no

Qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm tam sim no ntawm 8/20 waves waveform uas SPD muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm ib zaug.

• Hom 3 SPD

- LOSSIS_oc: Qhib hluav taws xob-Circuit Court thov thaum kuaj chav kawm III (Hom 3) cov ntawv xeem.

2.4.2 Lub ntsiab ntawm kev thov

• Cov Hluav Taws Xob Qes Qis SPD

Cov cuab yeej sib txawv heev, los ntawm ob qho tib si kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv, raug xaiv los ntawm lo lus no. Tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob SPDs yog cov qauv tau yooj yim ntsia hauv LV switchboards. Kuj tseem muaj SPDs hloov tau mus rau lub hwj chim txuas, tab sis cov cuab yeej no muaj lub zog xa hluav taws xob tsawg.

• SPD rau kev sib txuas lus tes hauj lwm

Cov cuab yeej no tiv thaiv lub xov tooj sib txuas, hloov tes hauj lwm thiab hloov cov sib txuas tsis siv neeg (tsheb npav) tiv thaiv overvoltages los ntawm sab nraud (xob laim) thiab cov nyob sab hauv rau lub tshuab fais fab network (cov khoom qias neeg, kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam).

Cov SPDs Zoo Li No kuj tau nruab rau hauv RJ11, RJ45,… cov khoom sib txuas lossis sib xyaw ua ke.

3 Kev tsim cov qauv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev, cov kev cai yooj yim thov rau kev xaiv ntawm

• SPD (s);
• nws yog kev tiv thaiv system.

3.1 Kev tsim qauv kev cai

Txog lub kaw lus faib hluav taws xob, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tau siv los txhais lub teeb hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab xaiv SPD los tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev yog:

• SPD

- qhov ntau ntawm SPD;

- hom;

- theem ntawm kis los txhais tau qhov SPD tshaj plaws kev tso tawm tam sim no Kuv_max.

• Lub luv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv

- ntau tshaj tawm tam sim no Kuv_max;

- luv-Circuit Court tam sim no kuv_sc ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa.

Daim duab logic hauv daim duab J20 hauv qab no qhia txog txoj cai tsim.

Lwm cov yam ntxwv rau kev xaiv ntawm SPD raug tsim ua ntej rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.

• xov tooj ntawm cov ncej hauv SPD;
• voltage tiv thaiv theem U_p;
• kev khiav hauj lwm voltage U_c.

Ntu ntu J3 no piav qhia ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev xaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev teeb tsa, khoom siv los tiv thaiv thiab ib puag ncig.

3.2 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv

SPD yuav tsum tau ntsia ib txwm nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.

3.2.1 Qhov chaw thiab hom ntawm SPD

Hom SPD uas yuav tau muab coj los tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub installation yog nyob ntawm seb puas muaj los yog tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv lub zog tiv thaiv tam sim no. Yog tias lub tsev txuas nrog cov kab ke tiv thaiv xob laim (raws li IEC 62305), yuav tsum muab hom 1 SPD tso rau.

Rau SPD nruab ntawm kev pib ua tiav ntawm kev teeb tsa, IEC 60364 kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa tso tus nqi tsawg kawg rau 2 yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Nominal muaj paug tam sim no kuv_n = 5 kA (8/20) μs;
• Voltage tiv thaiv theem U_p (ntawm kuv_n) <2.5 kV.

Tus lej ntawm SPDs ntxiv uas yuav muab coj los txiav txim yog:

• qhov loj ntawm lub xaib thiab cov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm kev txhim kho cov neeg xyuas pib. Ntawm cov chaw loj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nruab SPD thaum kawg kawg ntawm txhua daim ntawv xa tawm nrog.
• qhov deb cais cov khoom tawg rhiab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Thaum cov chaw thau khoom nyob ntau dua 30 meters deb ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntxiv kom ze rau qhov ua tau rau lub nra hnyav. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nthwv dej rov qab los yog nce ntawm 10 meters (saib Tshooj Lus 6.5)
• qhov uas yuav kis tau kab mob. Cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw muaj ntau heev, SPD cov khoom xa tuaj kawg tsis tuaj yeem lav ob qho kev tso dej ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsawg txaus. Hauv ib qho, Hom 1 SPD feem ntau nrog Hom 2 SPD.

Cov lus hauv Daim Duab J21 hauv qab no qhia cov ntau thiab hom ntawm SPD yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li ntawm ob yam kev txhais los saum no.

3.4 Xaiv hom 1 SPD

3.4.1 Txhia tam sim no Kuv_imp

• Qhov uas tsis muaj cov kev cai hauv tebchaws lossis cov cai tshwj xeeb rau hom tsev tiv thaiv, Lub impulse tam sim no Kuv_imp yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 12.5 kA (10/350 μs yoj) rau ib ceg raws li IEC 60364-5-534.

• Cov kev cai muaj nyob qhov twg: qauv 62305-2 txhais 4 theem: I, II, III thiab IV, Cov lus hauv daim duab J31 qhia txog qib sib txawv ntawm I_imp nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev cai lij choj.

3.4.2 Autoextinguish ua raws li tam sim no I_fi

Tus yam ntxwv zoo li no tsuas yog siv rau cov SPD nrog cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv tshuab. Lub tsheb pib tua hluav taws ua raws li tam sim no kuv_fi yuav tsum yeej ib txwm muaj siab tshaj qhov kev cia siab luv luv Circuit Court tam sim no Kuv_sc ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa.

3.5 Xaiv hom 2 SPD

3.5.1 Qhov siab tso tawm tam sim no Kuv_max

Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no Imax txhais tau raws li cov kwv yees kwv yees theem sib piv rau lub tsev qhov chaw.

Tus nqi ntawm qhov siab tshaj tawm kev tawm tam sim no (I_max) yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pheej hmoo soj ntsuam (saib cov lus qhia hauv daim duab J32).

3.6 Xaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv luv luv sab nraud (SCPD)

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (hluav taws xob cua sov thiab luv luv) yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes nrog SPD kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo, piv txwv li

• ua kom ntseeg tau txuas ntxiv ntawm kev pabcuam:

- tiv taus hluav taws xob xob tam sim no;

- tsis tsim hluav taws xob ntau dhau ntawm qhov ntev voltage.

• ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv txhua hom kev dhau:

- sib tshooj dhau los ua haujlwm thermal khiav tawm ntawm lub varistor;

- luv Circuit Court ntawm tsawg siv (impedant);

- luv Circuit Court ntawm kev siv loj.

3.6.1 Cov Kev Phom Sij yuav zam kom tsis txhob muaj thaum kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm SPDs

• Vim kev laus

Xws li ntuj thaum kawg ntawm lub neej vim kev laus, kev tiv thaiv yog ntawm hom thermal. SPD nrog varistors yuav tsum muaj sab hauv disconnector uas cuam tshuam rau SPD.

Nco tseg: Thaum tas lub neej dhau los ntawm thermal khiav tawm tsev tsis txhawj xeeb SPD nrog roj tso pa tawm lossis qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob.

• Vim yog kev txhaum

Cov laj thawj ntawm lub neej tag vim yog luv-Circuit txhaum yog:

- Qhov siab tshaj tawm hauv lub peev xwm siab tshaj.

Qhov kev txhaum no ua rau lub luv luv Circuit Court.

- Ib qho txhaum vim qhov xa tawm system (nruab nrab / theem hloov mus, nruab nrab

tsis ua haujlwm).

- Maj mam ua kom tsis zoo ntawm varistor.

Qhov kawg ob txoj kev ua txhaum ua rau hauv kev tsis sib haum ntawm luv luv.

Lub installation yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kev ua txhaum no: sab hauv (cua sov) disconnector txhais saum toj no tsis muaj sijhawm rau kev sov, yog li kev khiav lag luam.

Lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hu ua “Sab Nraum Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Ntus Hluav Taws Xob (sab nraud SCPD)“, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qhov luv luv Circuit Court yuav tsum muab ntsia. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob lossis kev fuse.

3.6.2 tus yam ntxwv ntawm sab nraud SCPD (Luv Cov Kev Tiv Thaiv Cuam Tshuam Ntaus)

Tus SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum muab kev koom tes nrog SPD. Nws yog tsim los ua raws li ob qho kev txwv hauv qab no:

Xob laim tam sim no withstand

Lub xob laim hluav taws xob tam sim no yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm SPD sab nraud luv luv Circuit Court tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej.

Tus SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum tsis txhob caij txog 15 qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim no ntawm I_n.

Luv-Circuit Court tam sim no mas

• Lub peev xwm tawg yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb tsa (IEC 60364 txuj):

SCPD sab nraud yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm sib npaug sib npaug lossis ntau dua li qhov yuav luag luv luv ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no Isc ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa (raws li IEC 60364 tus qauv).

• Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub installation tiv thaiv luv luv Circuit Court

Tshwj xeeb, qhov cuam tshuam luv luv Circuit Court dissipates ntau lub zog thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm sai heev kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev teeb tsa thiab rau SPD.

Txoj cai koom ua ke ntawm SPD thiab nws sab nraud SCPD yuav tsum raug muab los ntawm cov tsim khoom.

3.6.3 Txoj Haujlwm Nruab rau sab nraud SCPD

• Ntaus ntawv “hauv koob”

Lub SCPD tau piav qhia raws li "nyob rau hauv kab" (saib Daim duab J33) thaum kev tiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav dav ntawm lub network kom muaj kev tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, kev sib txuas ntawm Circuit Court breaker ntawm ib qho kev teeb tsa).

• Ntaus ntawv “nyob mus tib seem”

SCPD tau piav qhia txog "thaum mus tib seem" (saib Daim duab J34) thaum kev tiv thaiv tau ua tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cuam tshuam nrog SPD.

• SCPD sab nraud yog hu ua "kev txiav tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas" yog tias txoj haujlwm ua los ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob.
• Cov hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob tau txuas rau lossis siv tsis tau rau hauv SPD.

Nco tseg: Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm SPD uas muaj cov pa tawm ntawm lub raj lossis cov pa hluav taws sib txawv, SCPD tso cai rau qhov tam sim no kom raug txiav tawm tam sim ntawd tom qab siv.

Nco tseg: S hom residual tam sim no cov khoom siv tau raws li IEC 61008 lossis IEC 61009-1 tus qauv ua raws li qhov xav tau no.

3.7.1 Kev sib koom tes nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

Kev sib koom tes nrog cov tshaj tiv thaiv tam sim no

Hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, sab nraud SCPD yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo ib yam rau kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej: qhov no ua rau nws siv tau cov kev ntxub ntxaug thiab kev ua kom zoo rau kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm tiv thaiv.

Kev sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv tam sim no

Yog tias SPD tau nruab nrog dej ntws los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, qhov tom kawg yuav tsum yog ntawm "si" lossis hom kev xaiv nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov mem tes tam sim no tsawg kawg 3 kA (8/20 waves tam sim no nthwv dej).

4 Kev Nruab Nruab ntawm SPDs

Kev sib txuas ntawm SPD rau cov thau khoom yuav tsum ua kom luv li sai tau thiaj li yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv voltage (ntsia rau) ntawm cov kab ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm SPD txuas rau lub network thiab lub ntiaj teb lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 cm.

4.1 Txuas Txuas

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv yog qhov siab tshaj qhov kev tiv thaiv voltage (ntsia U_p) tias cov khoom siv tau tuaj yeem tiv taus ntawm nws cov terminals. Raws li, SPD yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog xaim hluav taws xob tiv thaiv theem U_p yoog tau rau kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej (saib Daim duab J38). Tag nrho ntev ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau yog

L = L1 + L2 + L3.

Rau cov xaim hluav taws xob loj, qhov cuam tshuam rau ib qhov ntev ntawm qhov txuas no yog kwv yees li 1 μH / m.

Li no, thov Lenz cov cai rau qhov txuas no: ∆U = L di / dt

Qhov loj me ntawm 8/20 μs tam sim no yoj, nrog qhov tam sim no ntawm 8 kA, raws li tsim qhov hluav taws xob nce ntawm 1000 V ib 'meter' ntawm cable.

U = 1 x 10^-6 x8x10 ua³ 8 x 10 po^-6 = 1000V

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm voltage thoob cov khoom siv terminals, ntsia Up, yog:

ntsia U_p = Ua_p U1 + U2

Yog tias L1 + L2 + L3 = 50 cm, thiab nthwv dej yog 8/20 withs nrog lub zog ntawm 8 kA, qhov hluav taws xob thoob plaws ntawm cov khoom siv yuav yog U_p + 500 V.

4.1.1 Cov Khoom Siv Txuas hauv kab thaiv yas

Daim duab J39a hauv qab no qhia txog yuav ua li cas txuas SPD rau hauv cov hnab ntawv yas.

4.1.2 Kev Txuas Khoom hauv cov hlau thaiv kab hlau

Cov xwm txheej ntawm lub rooj sib pauv hloov pauv hauv kev siv hlau, nws yuav yog qhov muaj peev xwm los txuas SPD ncaj qha rau daim hlau thaiv, nrog rau cov ntawv thaiv kom raug siv los ua tus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (saib Daim duab J39b).

Qhov kev teeb tsa no ua raws li tus qauv IEC 61439-2 thiab cov chaw tsim khoom ASSEMBLY yuav tsum ua kom paub tseeb tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv ntim ua rau siv tau.

4.1.3 tus qauv hla ntu ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib

Qhov kom ua tsawg kawg tus neeg sib tw hla kev yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv:

• Qhov kev pabcuam ib txwm muaj: Cov ntws ntawm xob laim ntawm nthwv dej tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ntau (50 cm txoj cai).

Nco tseg: Tsis zoo li cov ntawv thov ntawm 50 Hz, qhov tshwm sim ntawm xob laim ua ntau zaus, qhov nce ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hla ntu tsis txo nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab ntau.

• Tus neeg xyuas pib 'thev taus mus rau luv luv-kab hluav taws xob: tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tawm tsam luv-luv tam sim no thaum lub siab tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv kev txiav tawm ntawm lub sijhawm.

IEC 60364 pom zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa thaum xaus qhov tsawg kawg hla ntu ntawm:

- 4 hli² (Cu) rau kev sib txuas ntawm Hom 2 SPD;

- 16 hli² (Cu) rau kev sib txuas ntawm Hom 1 SPD (muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv).

4.2 Cov kev cai Cabling

• Txoj Cai 1: Txoj cai thawj zaug ua raws li yog qhov ntev ntawm SPD kev sib txuas ntawm lub network (dhau ntawm SCPD sab nraud) thiab lub pob ntseg thaiv lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 cm.

Daim duab J40 qhia txog ob qhov ua tau rau kev sib txuas ntawm SPD.

• Txoj Cai 2: Tus neeg coj ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kis ntsaws:

- yuav tsum txuas nrog cov terminals ntawm sab nraud SCPD lossis SPD;

- yuav tsum cais tawm ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov khoom qias neeg nkag mus.

Lawv nyob rau sab xis ntawm cov seem ntawm SPD thiab SCPD (saib Daim duab J41).

• Txoj Cai 3: Cov khoom pub tso tawm theem, qhov nruab nrab thiab kev tiv thaiv (PE) tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum khiav ib sab ib sab txhawm rau kom txo lub voj nto (saib Daim duab J42).
• Txoj Cai 4: Tus ntaus thawj ntawm SPD yuav tsum nyob nrug deb ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug rau lawv los ntawm kev txuas (saib daim duab J42).
• Txoj Cai 5: Cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau pinned tawm tsam nws yog xim hlau ntawm qhov chaw ntim (yog tias muaj) txhawm rau txo qhov chaw ntawm lub voj kab thiab vim li no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv EM cuam tshuam.

Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas tias cov thav ntawv ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob thiab cov thawv thaiv tau sib txuas ntawm cov kev sib txuas luv heev.

Thaum kawg, yog hais tias siv cov xaim hluav taws xob siv, qhov ntev yuav tsum raug zam, vim tias lawv txo qhov ua haujlwm ntawm kev thaiv daim ntawv (saib daim duab J42).

5 Daim Ntawv Thov

5.1 Teeb Cov Qauv Nruab Nrab

Solutions thiab schematic daim duab

• Cov qhia txog kev xaiv lub cev txaij mus los tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog tus nqi ncaj ncees ntawm tus kws ntes neeg ntes thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm cov teeb tsa thiab cov uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais sib kis.
• Raws li cov khoom siv rhiab (U_p <1.5 kV) yog nyob rau hauv ntau dua 30 m los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tawm, cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kev raug ntes yuav tsum tau muab ntsia kom ze li sai tau rau lub nra.
• Los xyuas kom zoo ntxiv txuas ntxiv ntawm kev pabcuam rau cov chav txias:

- “si” yam cov hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav raug siv los zam kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim los ntawm lub ntiaj teb muaj peev xwm ntxiv raws li xob laim hluav taws xob hla dhau.

• Rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv atmospheric overvoltages:

- teeb tsa ib tug neeg raug ntes hauv chaw kaw hluav taws xob

- nruab ib lub zoo tiv thaiv tus neeg raug ntes hauv txhua lub chaw hloov khoom (1 thiab 2) muab cov khoom siv rhiab uas nyob deb dua 30 m ntawm qhov chaw ntes neeg ntes.

- nruab ib cov neeg raug ntes kaw hauv lub xov tooj sib tham kom tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv, piv txwv li, lub tswb hluav taws, hloov qauv, hu xov tooj, faxes.

Cov tswv yim Cabling

- Ua kom muaj qhov sib luag ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tu lub tsev.

- Txo qhov chaw txuas hluav taws xob fais fab cable.

Cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa

• Txhim kho qhov teeb meem ntes neeg tawm, Imax = 40 kA (8/20 μs) thiab iC60 qhov txuas hluav taws xob Circuit Court rated nyob ntawm 20 A.
• Txhim kho qhov zoo tiv thaiv kev ntes cov neeg raug ntes, Imax = 8 kA (8/20 μs) thiab cuam tshuam txuas hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm iC60 ntawm 20.