Surge kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuab photovoltaic

Photovoltaic (PV) cov chaw rau kev siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg vim lawv qhov chaw nyob thiab thaj tsam loj.

Kev puas tsuaj rau ib tus neeg ntu lossis qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov teeb tsa tuaj yeem yog qhov tsim tau.

Xob laim hluav taws xob thiab hloov mus rau hluav taws xob feem ntau ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau inverters thiab photovoltaic modules. Cov kev puas tsuaj no txhais tau tias kev siv nyiaj ntau dua rau tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw photovoltaic. Tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov nqi kho vaj tse siab dua ntxiv tab sis cov khoom tsim tau ntawm cov chaw kuj tseem txo. Yog li ntawd, chaw kaw haujlwm photovoltaic ib txwm yuav tsum tau muab coj los sib xyaw ua ke rau cov kev tiv thaiv xob laim uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev ua tiag tiag.

Txhawm rau zam ntawm cov kev tawm no, xob laim thiab xob tiv thaiv cov tswv yim hauv kev siv yuav tsum sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Peb muab koj txoj kev txhawb nqa uas koj xav tau kom koj lub chaw ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua tiav tiav qhov kev cia siab! Tias yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv koj cov duab photovoltaic ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab overvoltage tiv thaiv los ntawm LSP:

  • Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj lub tsev thiab PV installation
  • Yuav kom nce system muaj
  • Yuav kom pov hwm koj kev nqis peev

Cov qauv thiab cov tseev kom muaj

Cov qauv tam sim no thiab cov lus qhia rau kev tiv thaiv overvoltage yuav tsum ib txwm coj mus rau hauv tus qauv tsim thiab nruab ntawm txhua qhov system photovoltaic.

European kev cai txheem DIN VDE 0100 tshooj 712 / E DIN IEC 64/1123 / CD (Kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob qis, qhov yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab chaw ua haujlwm; photovoltaic lub zog hluav taws xob) thiab cov kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb rau cov chaw PV - IEC 60364-7- 712 - ob qho tib si piav qhia txog kev xaiv thiab teeb tsa ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom zoo rau PV chaw. Lawv kuj pom zoo kom tiv thaiv cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV. Hauv nws tsab ntawv tshaj tawm 2010 ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom zoo rau cov vaj tse nrog kev txhim kho PV, cov koom haum ntawm German Cov Chaw Muag Khoom (VdS) yuav tsum> 10 kW xob laim thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws li xob laim tiv thaiv chav kawm III.

Los xyuas kom meej tias koj lub installation yog yav tom ntej-nyab xeeb, nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias peb cov khoom siv tau ua tiav raws li txhua yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus txheej txheem European rau kev tiv thaiv kab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog nyob hauv kev npaj. Cov qauv no yuav qhia meej tias qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tsim rau hauv DC sab ntawm PV systems. Cov qauv no yog tam sim no prEN 50539-11.

Cov qauv zoo sib xws tam sim no twb tau siv hauv Fabkis - UTE C 61-740-51. LSP cov khoom lag luam raug kuaj tam sim no kom ua raws li ob tus qauv kom lawv muaj peev xwm muab kev nyab xeeb siab dua.

Peb cov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv chav kawm I thiab Class II (B thiab C cov neeg raug ntes) kom ntseeg tau tias hluav taws xob muaj tshwm sim sai thiab qhov tam sim no muaj kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj kim lossis qhov peev xwm ua kom tiav hluav taws xob tsis zoo hauv koj lub chaw photovoltaic.

Rau cov tsev nrog lossis tsis muaj lub teeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - peb muaj cov khoom zoo rau txhua daim ntawv thov! Peb tuaj yeem xa cov lis dej num raws li koj xav tau - tag nrho customized thiab pre-wired mus rau hauv tsev.

Muab cov khoom thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob zoo (SPDs) hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic

Photovoltaic lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tag nrho los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov qab. Muaj ntau tus cwj pwm tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum siv cov khoom tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo (SPDs) hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic. Photovoltaic tshuab muaj qhov hluav taws xob DC qhov khoom, nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov system yuav tsum yog li ntawd, coj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb no mus rau hauv kev txiav txim siab thiab tswj kev siv SPDs kom haum. Piv txwv li, SPD kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau PV tshuab yuav tsum tau tsim ob qho tib si rau qhov tsis muaj qhov nyhav tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob (VOC STC = qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm hauv qhov ntsuas kev sib tw) raws li kev ua kom tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Sab nraud tiv thaiv xob laim

Them rau lawv thaj chaw loj thiab feem ntau raug teeb tsa qhov chaw, cov tshuab photovoltaic tshwj xeeb muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntawm qhov chaw tso pa tawm - xws li xob laim. Txij ntawm no mus, xav kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ncaj qha ntawm xob laim thiab li thiaj li hu ua cov kev tawm tsam ntawm sab nraud (sab hauv thiab muaj peev xwm). Ntawm ib sab tes, qhov xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv uas tsim nyog thiab ntawm ib sab, qhov xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim siv ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov nws tus kheej, hauv lwm lo lus, nyob ntawm seb nws yog lub tsev lossis lub tshav pob nruab. Nrog kev txhim kho lub tsev, qhov sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm pej xeem cov tsev - nrog muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm - thiab kev teeb tsa rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev teb - tsis muaj qhov thaiv hluav taws xob. Kev teeb tsa liaj teb kuj tseem muaj cov peev txheej loj vim lawv thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw loj; Hauv qhov no, ib txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud yog kev pom zoo rau hom kev kaw lus no kom tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam teeb pom kev ncaj qha.

Cov ntawv xa tawm tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem pom hauv IEC 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), Ntxiv 2 (txhais lus raws li kev tiv thaiv xob laim lossis qib txaus ntshai LPL III) [2] thiab Ntxiv 5 (xob laim thiab tiv thaiv kom zoo rau PV lub zog) thiab hauv VdS Txoj Kev Ncaj Ncees 2010 [3], (yog tias PV systems> 10 kW, ces yuav tsum tiv thaiv xob laim). Ib qho ntxiv, kev tiv thaiv kev laus yuav tsum ua. Piv txwv li, qhov xav tau yuav tsum tau tsim kom cais cov tshuab huab cua kaw kom tiv thaiv lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem zam qhov kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau PV lub tshuab hluav taws xob, ua lwm yam lus, kev sib cais sib nrug tsis tuaj yeem raug tswj tau, yog li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qee qhov hluav taws xob xob laim yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Hauv paus, cov ntaub thaiv npog thaiv yuav tsum raug siv rau cov kab loj ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob kom ceev cov teeb meem sib tshooj ua kom tsawg li tsawg tau. Ntxiv rau, yog tias qhov ntoo khaub lig-seem txaus (min. 16 mm² Cu) cov kab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm siv tau los ua hluav taws xob ib nrab ntawm xob laim. Tib yam siv rau kev siv cov tsev kaw hlau. Kev ntsuas pob ntseg yuav tsum txuas nrog ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm cov txuas txuas thiab cov hlau txuas. Qhov ntawd xyuas kom meej tias cov kab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob poob qis hauv LPZ1 (Xob Laim Kev Tiv Thaiv Thaj Chaw); qhov ntawd txhais tau tias SPD hom 2 txaus. Txwv tsis pub, yuav tsum muaj SPD hom 1.

Kev siv thiab kho kom raug qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom sov

Feem ntau, nws yog qhov yuav tsum xav txog kev xa tawm thiab kev qhia tawm ntawm SPD nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob qis ntawm AC ib sab raws li tus txheej txheem txheem; txawm li cas los xij, kev xa tawm thiab cov qauv tsim qauv kom zoo rau PV DC lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem tseem yog ib qho kev sib tw. Qhov laj thawj yog ua ntej lub hnub ci lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab qhov thib ob, SPD tau muab tso rau hauv DC kis. Cov Pa Hluav Taws Xob Tawm Qauv (SPDs) feem ntau yog tsim los rau kev hloov pauv thiab tsis siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Cov khoom lag luam cov qauv [4] tau them rau cov ntawv thov no rau xyoo, thiab cov no tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv daim ntawv thov DC voltage. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov uas yav dhau los ua ke tsis tshua muaj PV system voltages tau paub, hnub no cov no twb tau ua tiav kwv yees. 1000 V DC hauv Circuit Court PV tsis siv. Txoj haujlwm yog kom tswj cov kab ke ntsuas cov hluav taws xob hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo. Cov haujlwm ntawm nws tau hais tias txheej txheem yog qhov tsim nyog thiab siv tau los tso SPDs rau hauv PV cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog nyob ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm, kab ke ntawm lub cev, thiab thaj chaw lub cev Daim duab 2 thiab 3 ua piv txwv txog cov ntsiab cai sib txawv: Firstly, lub tsev muaj cov thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud thiab tiv thaiv PV system nruab rau ntawm lub ru tsev (lub tsev teeb tsa); qhov thib ob, lub hnub ci kev siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo (kev teeb tsa nruab ntug), kuj tsim nrog lub teeb hluav taws xob tiv thaiv sab nraud. Hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej - vim tias luv luv ntawm cov xov cable ntev - kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog siv ntawm qhov DC nkag ntawm lub inverter; nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob SPDs tau nruab rau hauv lub thawv qhov kawg ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci (los tiv thaiv lub hnub ci modules) zoo li ntawm DC cov khoom ntawm inverter (los tiv thaiv inverter). SPDs yuav tsum tau nruab ze rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV txuas nrog ze rau inverter sai li sai tau qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV thiab cov inverter txuas mus ntev dua 10 meters (Daim Duab 2). Kev daws teeb meem los tiv thaiv AC sab, txhais tau tias tawm tswv yim rau cov teeb meem inverter thiab network sib txuas, yuav tsum ua tiav los ntawm kev siv hom 2 SPDs nruab rau ntawm qhov teeb meem inverter thiab - nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub tsev teeb tsa nrog sab nraud xob tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntsiab pub-hauv taw tes - nruab nrog SPD hom 1 tus neeg ntes ntes.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm DC hnub ci lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab

Txog tam sim no, cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv ntawm DC sab ib txwm siv SPDs rau cov hluav taws xob AC cov qub hluav taws xob, uas L + thiab L- ntsig txog tau xaim rau lub ntiaj teb rau kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias SPDs tau ntsuas rau tsawg kawg 50 feem pua ​​ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws hnub ci lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntau xyoo, kev rwb thaiv tsev tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv PV generator. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev txhaum no hauv PV system, tag nrho PV lub tshuab hluav taws xob voltage yog tom qab ntawd thov rau cov xaim hluav taws xob tsis nyob hauv SPD thiab ua rau muaj qhov xwm txheej dhau. Yog hais tias lub ntsaws rau ntawm SPDs raws cov hlau-oxide varistors los ntawm cov hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob ntau dhau, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lawv qhov kev rhuav tshem lossis ua rau lub tshuab ua kom tawg. Tshwj xeeb, hauv PV cov tshuab hluav taws xob nrog cov qhov hluav taws xob siab, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hluav taws kub vim yog lub pob hluav taws xob hloov uas tsis tau tua, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis zoo tawm. Overload tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus (fuses) siv cov dej ntws tsis yog kev daws teeb meem rau qhov tshwm sim no, vim tias qhov luv luv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm PV generator tsuas yog me ntsis siab dua li cov ntawm tam sim no. Niaj hnub no, PV systems nrog system voltages ntawm approx. 1000 V DC raug nce siab kom txhim kho hluav taws xob kom tsawg li tsawg tau.

Daim duab 4-Y-tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv nrog peb cov khoom sib txawv

Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias SPDs tuaj yeem siv tau xws li qhov muaj kuab siab voltages lub hnub qub kev sib txuas nrog peb varistors tau ua pov thawj muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tsis xws luag (daim duab 4). Yog tias qhov cuam tshuam rwb thaiv tsev tsis pom muaj ob qho txawv txav hauv koob tseem nyob, uas zoo tiv thaiv SPD los ntawm kev siv dhau.

Yuav kom piav lub ntsiab: tiv thaiv Circuitry nrog kiag li xoom tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab muaj kev huam yuaj cia ntawm disconnecting mechanism yog tiv thaiv. Hauv cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia saum toj saud, sib kis hluav taws kuj tseem tiv thaiv zoo. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev lub twj tso kua mis yuav tsum zam. Yog li yog tias qhov rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua haujlwm tshwm sim, muaj ib txwm muaj ob lub varistors tseem muaj nyob rau hauv koob. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias kev txhaum lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tiv thaiv raug ua tiav. LSP's SPD hom 2 tus neeg raug ntes SLP40-PV1000 / 3, UCPV = 1000Vdc muab cov kev kuaj pom zoo, kev daws teeb meem thiab tau sim rau kev ua raws li txhua tus qauv tam sim no (UTE C 61-740-51 thiab prEN 50539-11) (Daim Duab 4). Ua li no, peb muab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb muaj rau siv nyob rau hauv DC circuits.

Cov kev siv rau

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, ib qho sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub tsev thiab kev teeb tsa hauv cov tswv yim daws teeb meem. Yog tias muaj hluav taws xob sab nraud tiv thaiv kev daws teeb meem, lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV tsim nyog yuav tsum muab tso ua ke rau hauv cov kab ke no ua cov twj ntes raug ntes cais tawm. IEC 62305-3 tau qhia meej tias lub sijhawm huab cua nres nrug deb yuav tsum tau ceev cia. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm qee qhov hluav taws xob xob laim yuav tsum raug coj los txiav txim. Txog qhov no, tus qauv rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xob laim IEC 62305-3 Cov Khoom Pab Ntxiv 2 lub xeev hauv Ntu 17.3: 'kom txo qis kev ntxias overvoltages shielded cables yuav tsum tau siv rau cov kab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob'. Yog tias qhov hla ntu yog qhov txaus (min. 16 mm² Cu) cov hlua hluav taws xob tseem siv tau los ua hluav taws xob ib nrab ntawm xob laim. Kev Txhawb Ntxiv (Daim Duab 5) - Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xob laim rau photovoltaic systems - tshaj tawm los ntawm ABB (Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob Laim thiab Xob Laim ntawm Lub Koomhaum (German) Lub Koomhaum rau Hluav Taws Xob, Hluav Taws Xob thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tshuab) hais tias cov kab tseem ceeb rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau thaiv. Cov. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias xob laim tam sim no tus neeg raug ntes (SPD hom 1) tsis tas yuav tsum tau, txawm hais tias muaj cov xov tooj hluav taws xob ntes (SPD hom 2) yog tsim nyog ntawm ob sab. Raws li Daim Duab 5 qhia txog, ib lub dav dav hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kab hluav taws xob muaj cov kev daws teeb meem thiab ua tiav LPZ 1 cov xwm txheej hauv cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev coj ua no, SPD hom 2 cov neeg txaij tawm ntawm cov neeg raug xa tawm mus ua raws li cov qauv teev tseg.

Npaj-rau-haum cov kev daws teeb meem

Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb rau ntawm chaw teeb tsa ncaj nraim li sai tau LSP muaj cov kev npaj daws teeb meem kom tiv thaiv DC thiab AC sab ntawm kev sib hloov. Plug-thiab-ua si PV thawv txo lub sijhawm teeb tsa. LSP tseem yuav ua kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm koj qhov kev thov. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv nyob rau ntawm www.lsp-international.com

Nco ntsoov:

Yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv thiab kev cai hauv tebchaws

[1] DIN VDE 0100 (VDE 0100) ntu ​​712: 2006-06, Yuav tsum muaj kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb lossis chaw. Hnub ci photovoltaic (PV) lub zog tsim hluav taws xob

[2] DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3) 2006-10 Qhov Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob Laim, Ntu 3: Kev tiv thaiv cov vaj tse thiab tib neeg, ntxiv rau 2, kev txhais lus raws li chav tiv thaiv lossis qib phom sij III LPL, Ntxiv 5, xob laim thiab kev tiv thaiv qoj ib ce ntxiv rau PV lub zog loj

[3] VdS Txoj Cai Ncaj Ncees 2010: 2005-07 Lub teeb liab phom sij thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem; Cov lus qhia rau kev tiv thaiv ploj, VdS Schadenverhütung Verlag (tshaj tawm)

[4] DIN EN 61643-11 (VDE 675-6-11): 2007-08 Kev siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv qis - Tshooj 11: cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv rau kev siv hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog - yuav tsum tau thiab kuaj

[5] IEC 62305-3 Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xob laim - Ntu 3: Kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev thiab lub cev tsis zoo

[6] IEC 62305-4 Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xob laim - Ntu 4: Hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hauv cov qauv tsim

[7] prEN 50539-11 Tsis siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv - muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb suav nrog dc - Tshooj 11: Cov uas yuav tsum muaj thiab kuaj rau SPDs hauv cov ntawv thov photovoltaic

[8] Fabkis cov khoom lag luam tus qauv rau kev tiv thaiv hnyav hauv cheeb tsam DC UTE C 61-740-51

Kev siv ntawm peb cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab

Yog tias kev tiv thaiv xob laim hluav taws xob twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev, qhov no yuav tsum yog qhov chaw siab kawg ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Txhua qhov sib txawv thiab cov xaim ntawm photovoltaic installation yuav tsum muab nruab rau hauv qab huab cua. Kev sib cais deb ntawm tsawg kawg 0.5 m txog 1 m yuav tsum tau tswj hwm (nyob ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo los ntawm IEC 62305-2).

Sab nraud Hom I xob laim thaiv kev tiv thaiv (AC sab) kuj yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm Hom I xob laim ntes hauv kev xa hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev. Yog tias tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv tam sim no, ces Hom II ntes (AC sab) kom txaus rau siv.