DC Surge Dziviriro Midziyo yePV Kuisirwa

DC Surge Dziviriro Midziyo yePV Kuisirwa PV-Combiner-Bhokisi-02

Solar Panel PV Inobatanidza Bhokisi DC Surge Inodzivirira Chigadzirwa

Nekuti DC Kuvhiya Kudzivirirwa Midziyo yePV Kuisirwa kunofanirwa kuve kwakagadzirwa kuti ipe kuzara kuzere kune kwezuva, ivo vari panjodzi yakanyanya kumhedzisiro yemheni. Iko kugona kweiyo PV yakarongedzwa yakanangana zvakananga nenzvimbo yayo yakafumuka pamusoro penzvimbo, saka iyo inogona kukanganisika yezviitiko zvemheni zvinowedzera nehukuru hwesisitimu. Iko kujekesa kunoitika kazhinji, masisitimu ePV asina kudzivirirwa anogona kutambura nekudzokororwa uye nekukuvara kwakakomba kuzvinhu zvakakosha. Izvi zvinoguma nekugadzirisa kukuru uye kudzoreredza mutengo, system nguva yekupedzisira uye kurasikirwa kwemari. Yakagadzirwa nenzira kwayo, yakatsanangurwa uye yakaiswa ekuchengetedza ekuchengetedza michina (SPDs) kudzikisira iyo inogona kuitika mheni yezviitiko kana ichishandiswa pamwe chete neinjiniya inodzivirira masisitimu.

Mheni inodzivirira sisitimu inosanganisa zvinhu zvekutanga senge zviteshi zvemhepo, zvakafanira pasi makondakita, equipotential bonding yezvinhu zvese zvazvino-zvinotakura uye nemisimboti yakakodzera yekumisikidza inopa mukana wedziviriro kubva pakurwisa kwakananga. Kana paine chero kunetsekana nezve njodzi yemheni paPV yako saiti, ini ndinokurudzira zvikuru kuhaya nyanzvi yemagetsi mainjiniya ane hunyanzvi mundima ino kuti ape ongororo yekuongorora njodzi uye dhizaini dhizaini kana zvichidikanwa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mutsauko uripo pakati pemagetsi ekudzivirira masisitimu uye maPSD. Chinangwa chekudzivirira mheni ndechekuendesa kurira kwakananga kwemheni kuburikidza neakakura zvino-anotakura makondakita kuenda pasi, nekudaro achiponesa zvivakwa nemidziyo kubva munzira yekuburitsa kana kurohwa zvakananga. MaSPD anoshandiswa kune emagetsi masystem ekupa nzira yekuburitsa pasi pano kuti ichengetedze iwo masisitimu 'zvinhu kubva pakuoneswa kune yakakwira-magetsi epasi anokonzerwa nemhedzisiro kana isina kunangana mheni kana magetsi system anomalies. Kunyangwe iine yekunze mheni dziviriro sisitimu iri munzvimbo, isina maSPD, mhedzisiro yemheni inogona kuramba ichikonzera kukuvara kukuru kuzvinhu.

Nezvinangwa zvechinyorwa chino, ndinofungidzira kuti imwe nzira yekudzivirira mheni iriko uye woongorora mhando, mashandiro, uye mabhenefiti ekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemaSPD akakodzera. Mukubatana neyakagadzirwa zvakanaka mheni dziviriro sisitimu, iko kushandiswa kweSPD munzvimbo dzakakosha masystem inodzivirira zvinhu zvikuru senge ma inverters, ma module, zvishandiso mumabhokisi anosanganisa, uye kuyera, kutonga, uye masisitimu ekutaurirana.

Kukosha kweSPDs

Kunze kwemhedzisiro yemheni yakananga inorova kune iyo arrays, kubatanidza simba cabling iri nyore kubatwa nemagetsi anofambiswa anokanganisa. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana zvinokonzerwa nemheni, pamwe neanodzokororwa anoumbwa nemashandiro-ekuchinja mashandiro, anofumura michina yemagetsi neyemagetsi kumatunhu akakwirira kwazvo enguva pfupi kwazvo (makumi kusvika kumazana ema microseconds). Kujekesa kune aya marefu emagetsi kunogona kukonzera njodzi chinhu chinokundikana chinogona kuoneka nekukuvara kwemuchina uye kutevedzera kabhoni kana kusazivikanwa asi zvichikonzeresa mudziyo kana kutadza kwehurongwa.

Yenguva refu kuratidzwa kune yakaderera-hukuru transients inoshatisa dielectric uye kuputira zvinhu muPV system michina kusvika paine kuparara kwekupedzisira. Uye zvakare, magetsi epasi anogona kuoneka pane kuyera, kutonga uye maseketi ekutaurirana. Izvi zvinomhanya zvinoratidzika kunge zvisirizvo zvisirizvo kana ruzivo, zvichikonzera michina kutadza kushanda kana kudzima. Kuiswa kwakakosha kweSPDs kunodzikisira idzi nyaya nekuti zvinoshanda sekupfupisa kana kusunga michina.

Unyanzvi Hunhu hwePSDs

Iyo yakajairika SPD tekinoroji inoshandiswa muPV kunyorera ndeye simbi oxide varistor (MOV), iyo inoshanda seyemagetsi-yekuchinjisa mudziyo. Mamwe maSPD matekinoroji anosanganisira iyo silicon avalanche diode, inodzorwa spark maburi, uye gasi kuburitsa machubhu. Iwo ekupedzisira maviri ari kushandura michina inoita kunge maseketi mapfupi kana crowbars. Imwe neimwe tekinoroji ine yayo maitiro, ichiita kuti iwedzere kana kushomeka kune yakasarudzika application. Kusanganiswa kwemidziyo iyi kunogona zvakare kuratidzwa kuti ipe akaenzana maitiro pane aanopa ega. Tafura 1 inonyora iwo makuru ePSD mhando anoshandiswa muPV masisitimu uye tsananguro yavo yakajairika mashandiro maitiro.

Iyo SPD inofanirwa kukwanisa kushandura nyika nekukasira zvakakwana kwenguva pfupi iyo inononoka kuripo uye kuburitsa ukuru hwenzvimbo yazvino isingakundike. Chigadzirwa chinofanirwa zvakare kudzikisa kudonha kwemagetsi kuyambuka iyo SPD dunhu kuchengetedza chishandiso chakabatana nacho. Chekupedzisira, SPD basa harifanire kupindira neyakajairika basa redunhu iro.

SPD mashandiro ehunhu anotsanangurwa nematanho akati wandei ayo chero ani arikuita sarudzo yePSDs anofanirwa kunzwisisa. Iyi nyaya inoda rumwe ruzivo rwunogona kufukidzwa pano, asi anotevera mamwe ma parameter anofanirwa kutariswa: yakanyanya kuenderera kushanda voltage, ac kana dc kunyorera, zita rezita kubuda ikozvino (kunotsanangurwa nehukuru uye waveform), voltage-dziviriro nhanho (iyo terminal voltage iyo iripo apo iyo SPD iri kuburitsa yakatarwa yazvino) uye kwenguva pfupi kuputika (inoenderera inopfuurira iyo inogona kuiswa kune yakatarwa nguva pasina kukuvadza iyo SPD).

MaSPD anoshandisa akasiyana matekinoroji ehunyanzvi anogona kuiswa mumaseketi mamwe chete. Nekudaro, ivo vanofanirwa kusarudzwa nehanya kuti vave nechokwadi chekubatana kwesimba pakati pavo. Icho chinhu chehunyanzvi chine yakakwira yekuyerera ratidziro inofanirwa kuburitsa hukuru hukuru hweanowanikwa epfupi ariko iyezvino apo chimwe chinhu chemagetsi chinodzora zvakasara zvinodzikira zvemagetsi kusvika kune yakaderera hukuru sezvo inoburitsa shoma yazvino.

Iyo SPD inofanirwa kuve neyakavanzika yekuzvidzivirira yega mudziyo inoibvisa kubva mudunhu kana mudziyo ukatadza. Kuita kuti kudonhedzwa uku kuonekwe, maSPD mazhinji anoratidzira mureza unoratidza mamiriro ayo ekudzima. Kuratidzira chimiro chePSD kuburikidza neyakaisirwa seti yekubatsira yevanoshamwaridzana chinhu chakasimudzirwa chinogona kupa chiratidzo kunzvimbo iri kure. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chigadzirwa chekufunga nezvacho ndechekuti SPD inoshandisa chigunwe-chakachengeteka, chinobviswa module inobvumidza module rakundikana kuchinjika zviri nyore pasina maturusi kana kudiwa kwekusimbisa-dunhu.

AC Kuwedzera Kudzivirirwa Midziyo yePV Kuisirwa Kufunga

Mheni inopenya kubva kumakore kusvika kune yemheni yekudzivirira system, iyo PV chimiro kana pasi padyo inokonzeresa yemuno ivhu-inogona kusimuka zvine chekuita nezve kure kure mareferenzi Ma conductor anotenderera aya madaro anofumura michina kune akakosha ma voltages. Mhedzisiro yekukwira kwepasi-ingangoitika zvakanyanya kusangana panguva yekubatana pakati peiyo grid-yakasungirwa PV system uye chinoshandiswa pamusuwo webasa-iyo nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo yemuno yakabatana nemagetsi kune iri kure kurehwa nzvimbo.

Kuchengetedzwa kwekuwedzera kunofanirwa kuiswa pamusuwo webasa kuchengetedza chikamu chekushandisa cheiyo inverter kubva kune inokuvadza nguva. Iyo yenguva pfupi inoonekwa panzvimbo ino ndeyekukwirira uye kureba uye nekudaro inofanirwa kutarisirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwekuwedzera pamwe neyakakodzera-kuburitsa ratidziro dzazvino. Dzora marara mipata inoshandiswa mukubatana neMOVs akakodzera nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Dzomoto gwanza tekinoroji inogona kuburitsa yakakwira mheni mafungu nekupa iyo equipotential yekubatanidza basa panguva yemheni inopfuura. Iyo MOV yakarongedzwa ine mukana wekusungirira iyo yakasara voltage kune inogamuchirwa nhanho.

Pamusoro pezvemhedzisiro yevhu-inogona kusimuka, iyo ac yeiyo inverter inogona kukanganiswa nemheni-inofambiswa uye yekushandurwa-inochinja inoyerera inoonekwawo pamusuwo webasa. Kuti kuderedze zvinogona kukuvadzwa nemidziyo, inokosheswa kudzivirirwa kweac AC inofanirwa kuiswa padhuze nemaac terminals einverter sezvinobvira, nenzira ipfupi uye yakatwasuka yevatakuri venzvimbo inokwenenzverwa yemuchinjikwa. Kwete kuita ino dhizaini dhizaini inokonzeresa yakakwira-kupfuura-inodiwa magetsi kudonha mudunhu rePSD panguva yekubuda uye inofumura michina yakachengetedzwa kumatunhu akakwirisa epashure pane anodikanwa.

DC Surge Dziviriro Midziyo yePV Kuisirwa Kufunga

Kunanga kunanga kune zvivakwa zvepedyo zvine pasi (kusanganisira mheni yekudzivirira system), uye kupenya- uye mukati megore kupenya kunogona kunge kuri kwemazana e100 kA kunogona kukonzera kusangana kwemagineti minda anokonzeresa epfupi maPV system dc cabling. Aya ma voltages anononoka anoonekwa pazviteshi zvemidziyo uye anokonzera kuputira uye dielectric kukundikana kwezvinhu zvakakosha.

Kuisa maSPD munzvimbo dzakatarwa kunodzora mhedzisiro yemhepo idzi dzinofambiswa uye dzakasarudzika. Iyo SPD inoiswa mukufanana pakati pevane simba vanofambisa uye pasi. Iyo inoshandura nyika kubva kune yakakwira-impedance chishandiso kune yakaderera-impedance chishandiso kana iyo yekuwedzererwa kunoitika. Mune ino gadziriso, iyo SPD inoburitsa inoenderana inoitika yenguva pfupi yazvino, ichideredza iyo yekuwandisa iyo ingadai yave iripo kune zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo. Ichi chishandiso chakafanana hachina mutoro wazvino. Iyo yakasarudzwa SPD inofanirwa kuve yakanyatsogadzirwa, kuyerwa uye kubvumidzwa kunyorera pane dc PV voltages. Iyo yakakosha SPD kukamura inofanirwa kukwanisa kukanganisa yakanyanya kuomarara dc arc, iyo isingawanikwe pane ac application.

Kubatanidza MOV module mune Y kumisikidza inowanzo shandiswa SPD kumisikidza pane hombe yekutengesa uye yekushandisa-chiyero PV masisitimu anoshanda pane yakanyanya kuvhurika-wedunhu voltage ye600 kana 1,000 Vdc. Gumbo roga roga reY rine module yeMOV yakabatana padanda rega uye pasi. Muhurongwa husina kukomberedzwa, pane ma module maviri pakati pembiru imwe neimwe, uye pakati pematanda nepasi. Mune ino gadziriso, module yega yega yakatarwa kwehafu yeiyo system voltage, saka kunyangwe kana pole-kune-pasi mhosva ikaitika, maMoV module haapfuure iwo akayera kukosha.

Asina simba Sisitimu Yakakwira Kuchengetedzwa Kufunga

Sekushandisa kwesimba sisitimu yemidziyo uye zvinoriumba zvinokanganisa mheni, saka nemidziyo inowanikwa mukuyera, kudzora, zvishandiso, SCADA uye nehurongwa hwekutaurirana zvine hukama neiyi nzvimbo. Muzviitiko izvi, iyo yakakosha pfungwa yekusununguka kwekudzivirira yakafanana nezviri pamaseketi emagetsi. Nekudaro, nekuti mudziyo uyu unowanzo kuve usingashiviriri pamusoro pemafungire ekuwedzeredza uye anogona kubatwa nezvikanganiso zvisirizvo uye nekukuvadzwa zvakaipisisa nekuwedzeredzwa kwezvikamu kana zvimwe zvinoenderana kumatunhu, kutarisirwa kukuru kunofanirwa kupihwa hunhu hwePSD yega yega yakawedzerwa. Dzakananga SPDs inodaidzwa zvinoenderana nekuti zvinhu izvi zviri kutaurirana kuburikidza neyakagadziriswa peya, CAT 6 Ethernet kana coaxial RF. Uye zvakare, maSPD akasarudzirwa maseketi asiri emagetsi anofanirwa kuburitsa mafambiro epashure pasina kukundikana, kupa yakakwana giyamu yekudzivirira uye kurega kupindira nehurongwa hwehurongwa - kusanganisira akateedzana impedance, mutsara-ku-mutsetse uye pasi capacitance uye frequency bandwidth .

Zvakajairika Misapplications eSPDs

SPDs dzaiswa kune emagetsi maseketi kwemakore mazhinji. Mazhinji macircuit emagetsi epanguva ino ari kuchinjisa masisitimu aripo. Nekudaro, mizhinji yekudzivirira yekudzivirira michina yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mune ac masisitimu. Kuunzwa kuchangobva kuitika kwenzvimbo hombe dzekutengesa uye dzekushandisa-chiyero chePV masisitimu uye huwandu hwesisitimu dzakatumirwa, zvinosuruvarisa, zvakakonzera kushandiswa zvisizvo kudivi reDC rePSD rakagadzirirwa maac system. Muzviitiko izvi, maSPD anoita zvisirizvo, kunyanya panguva yekukundikana kwavo maitiro, nekuda kwehunhu hwedc PV masisitimu.

MOVs inopa akanakisa maitiro ekushandira sePSDs. Kana zvikaverengerwa mushe uye zvichishandiswa nemazvo, zvinoita nenzira yehunhu hweiro basa. Zvisinei, sezvinhu zvose zvemagetsi, zvinogona kukundikana. Kukundikana kunogona kukonzerwa nekupisa kwemamiriro ekunze, kuburitsa mafashama ayo akakurisa kupfuura chishandiso chakagadzirirwa kubata, kuburitsa nguva dzakawandisa kana kuratidzwa kune inoenderera pamusoro-magetsi mamiriro.

Naizvozvo, maSPD akagadzirwa neshandiso yekumisa inodziya inopatsanurwa inoparadzanisa kubva kuhukama hwakaenzana neyakagadziriswa dc wedunhu kana izvo zvikave zvakakodzera. Sezvo imwe yazvino ichiyerera ichidarika apo iyo SPD inopinda mukundikana maitiro, arc shoma inoratidzika seye thermal disconnect switch inoshanda. Ikaiswa pane ac wedunhu, yekutanga zero kuyambuka kwejenareta-yakapihwa izvozvi zvinodzima iyo arc, uye iyo SPD inobviswa zvakachengeteka kubva mudunhu. Kana iyo imwechete ac SPD yakashandiswa kune iyo dc divi reiyo PV system, kunyanya yakakwira voltages, hapana zero zero kuyambuka kwezvazvino mune dc waveform. Iyo yakajairwa thermally inoshandiswa switch haigone kudzima iyo arc yazvino, uye chishandiso chinokundikana.

Kuisa yakafanana fused bypass denderedzwa yakatenderedza MOV ndiyo imwe nzira yekukunda kudzima kweiyo dc mhosva arc. Kana iyo yekudziya yemagetsi ikashanda, arc ichiri kuoneka kune ayo ekuvhura mafoni. asi iyo arc yazvino inoendeswa kunzira inoenderana ine fuse uko arc yadzimwa, uye iyo fuse inokanganisa iko iko iko iko iko kukanganisa.

Kumusoro kwerwizi fusing pamberi peSPD, sezvingashandiswe pamaac system, haina kukodzera pane dc masystem. Iyo pfupi-redunhu iripo yazvino yekushandisa iyo fiyuzi (senge mune yakawandisa dziviriro mudziyo) inogona kunge isingakwani kana iyo jenareta iri pakuderedzwa kwemagetsi kubuda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe vagadziri vePSD vakatora izvi mukufunga mukugadzirwa kwavo. UL yakagadzirisa mwero wayo wepakutanga nekuwedzera kwayo kune ichangoburwa yekudzivirira standard-UL 1449. Iyi yechitatu edition inoshanda zvakanyanya kune PV masisitimu.

SPD Yekutarisa

Kunyangwe paine njodzi huru yemheni iyo kuiswa kwePV kwakawanda kunooneswa, inogona kudzivirirwa nekushandisa kwePSDs uye neyakagadzirirwa magetsi mheni yekudzivirira. Kubudirira kwePSD kuitisa kunofanirwa kusanganisira zvinotevera pfungwa:

  • Kururamisa kuiswa muhurongwa
  • Kugumisa zvinodiwa
  • Yakakodzera pasi uye kubatana kweyekushandisa-pasi system
  • Kuburitsa chiyero
  • Voltage protection level
  • Kukodzera kweiyo system iri mubvunzo, kusanganisira dc maringe nemaac application
  • Kukundikana muoti
  • Yemunharaunda uye kure chinzvimbo chinongedzo
  • Anogona kuchinjika mamodule
  • Zvakajairika system basa rinofanira kunge risina kubatika, kunyanya pane asiri emagetsi masystem