Kudzivirirwa Kunotyisa
Iyo yekudzivirira wiring nzira umo iyo simbi chikamu chemagetsi mudziyo (ndokuti, simbi yemubatanidzwa chikamu chakavharirwa kubva kune chaicho chikamu) icho chinogona kubhadhariswa mushure mekuvhara kwezvinhu zvekukuvadza kana mune dzimwe nguva zvakanyatso kubatanidzwa nemutungamiriri uye pasi muviri. Iyo yekudzivirira yekudzivirira system ine chete chikamu uye isina kwayakarerekera mitsara. Iwo matatu-chikamu simba mutoro rinogona kushandiswa pasina kwazvakarerekera mutsetse. Chero bedzi iyo michina yakanyatsogadzika, iyo yekusarerekera mutsetse muhurongwa haifanirwe kunge isina pasi yekubatana kunze kwekusarerekera poindi yemagetsi. Iyo zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro sisitimu inoda kuti iyo yekusarerekera mutsetse unodzivirirwa mune chero zvazvingaitika. Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo yekudzivirira isina kwazvakarerekera mutsetse uye zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro tambo inogona kumisikidzwa zvakasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, dziviriro isina kwayakarerekera mutsetse muchirongwa inofanirwa kuve neakawandisa akadzokorora pasi.
Nhanganyaya / Dziviriro Inodzikisira
Matanho ekudzika pasi simbi casing yemidziyo yemagetsi. Inogona kudzivirira yakasimba yazvino kuti ipfuure nemuviri wemunhu kana simbi yekukwirisa ichibhadhariswa pasi pemamiriro ekudzivirira kwekukuvara kana tsaona, kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza pachako.
Iyo mhando yemhando yekudzivirira wiring nzira inobatanidza iyo simbi chikamu chemagetsi mudziyo (ndokuti, simbi mamiriro chikamu chakasungirirwa kubva muchikamu chirarama) icho chinogona kubhadhariswa mushure mekunge iyo yekuvhara zvinhu yakanganisika kana mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye kondakita ari yakavimbika yakabatana nemuviri wevhu. Kudzivirira kwekuvhuvhuta kunowanzo shandiswa mune yemagetsi gadziriro uko kwazvakarerekera poindi yedhiraivhiti isina kuisirwa zvakananga (nhanho-nhatu-tambo-tambo) kuona kuti ivhu remagetsi rakagadzirwa kana mudziyo wemagetsi uchidonha nekuda kwekuparara kwekuparadza usapfuure nzvimbo yakachengeteka. Kana mudziyo wemumba ukasachengetedzwa ne grounding, kana kuputirwa kwechimwe chikamu kukanganisika kana imwe tambo yechikamu ikabata kasiti yekunze, iyo yekunze casing yemidziyo yemumba inozobhadhariswa, uye kana muviri wemunhu ukabata kasiti yekunze ( Chimiro) chemidziyo yemagetsi yakakuvara neyakavharirwa, ichaita Kune njodzi yekuvhunduka kwemagetsi. Pane kupokana, kana iyo michina yemagetsi yakavakirwa pasi, iyo imwechete-chikamu inodzika ipfupi-redunhu parizvino inoyerera kuburikidza nemaviri akafanana matavi echigadziko chevhu uye nemuviri wemunhu. Kazhinji kutaura, kushomeka kwemuviri wemunhu kwakakura kupfuura ma1000 ohms, uye kushingirira kwemuviri wepasi hakugone kupfuura mana ohms zvinoenderana nemirau, saka iyozvino inoyerera nemuviri wemunhu idiki, uye yazvino ichiyerera nepasi mudziyo wakakura. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekurohwa nemagetsi kumuviri wemunhu mushure mekudonha kwemidziyo yemagetsi.
Inodzivirira mashandiro epasi uye matanho ekudzivirira / Grounding Dziviriro
Iyi tsika yakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwekudzivirira pasi inzira inoshanda yekuchengetedza chengetedzo muChina yakaderera-magetsi magetsi network. Sezvo ivhu rekudzivirira rakakamurwa kuita dziviriro yevhu uye zero-yekubatanidza chengetedzo, nharaunda chinangwa chinoshandiswa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza dzakasiyana. Naizvozvo, kana ikasarudzwa zvisirizvo, haizongokanganisa mashandiro anoita mutengi asi inokanganisawo kugadzikana kwemagetsi kwereji yemagetsi. Zvino, semutengi wemagetsi munzvimbo yekuparadzira veruzhinji, isu tingasarudza sei nenzira kwayo uye zvine musoro uye nekushandisa ivhu rekudzivirira?
Kunodzivirira uye zero-kubatana kuchengetedzwa
Kuti unzwisise uye unzwisise kuchengetedza kwepasi uye zero-yekubatanidza chengetedzo, tenzi mutsauko uye chiyero chekushandiswa kweidzi mbiri nzira dzekudzivirira.
Kudzivirirwa kwepasi uye zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro zvinonzi pamwe chete sekudzivirira pasi. Icho chakakosha hunyanzvi chiyero chinotorwa kudzivirira yako wega magetsi magetsi uye kuona mashandiro akajairika emagetsi emagetsi Musiyano uripo pakati peidzi dziviriro mbiri unonyanya kuratidzwa mumatatu: Chekutanga, mutemo wekudzivirira wakasiyana. Iwo musimboti wedziviriro yekumisikidza ndeyekudzikisira iyo yemaakagezi echinhu chekudonha pasi kuitira kuti isapfuure imwe nhanho yekuchengetedza. Kamwe mudziyo wekudzivirira ukapfuura imwe yakatarwa kukosha, magetsi anokwanisa kudzimwa otomatiki. Nheyo yekuchengetedza zero-yekubatanidza ndeye kushandisa zero-yekubatanidza mutsara. Kana chishandiso chakakuvara nekuputira uye chikaumba chimwe-chikamu chesimbi pfupi wedunhu, iyo pfupi-redunhu yazvino inoshandiswa kukurudzira mudziyo wekuchengetedza pamutsetse kuti ushande nekukurumidza. Chechipiri, chiyero chekushandisa chakasiyana. Zvinoenderana nezvakakodzera zvinhu zvakaita sekuparadzira mutoro, kuwanda kwemitoro, uye nemutoro zvisikwa, iyo Rural Low Voltage Power technical Regulation inopatsanura chiyero chekushandisa kweanotevera maviri magetsi grid anoshanda masisitimu. TT system inowanzo shanda kumaruwa yeruzhinji yakaderera-magetsi magetsi network, inova yevhu yekudzivirira modhi mukudzivirira ivhu; TN system (TN system inogona kukamurwa kuita TN-C, TN-CS, TN-S) inonyanya kukodzera yemaguta yeruzhinji yakaderera voltage A yakatsaurirwa yakaderera-voltage magetsi network kune vatengi vemagetsi senge magetsi grid uye mafekitori uye migodhi. Iyi sisitimu inzira yekuchengetedza-yekubatanidza mukuchengetedza pasi. Parizvino, China yazvino yakaderera-magetsi yeruzhinji magetsi ekuparadzira samambure inowanzo gamuchira TT kana TN-C system, uye inoshandisa imwechete-chikamu uye matatu-chikamu ehybrid magetsi emagetsi modhi. Ndokunge, nhanho-nhatu-tambo ina-380 / 220V magetsi ekuparadzira uchipa simba kumwenje wemwenje uye nemutoro wemagetsi. Yetatu, chimiro chemutsara chakasiyana. Iyo yekudzivirira yekudzivirira system ine chete chikamu uye isina kwayakarerekera mitsara. Iwo matatu-chikamu simba mutoro rinogona kushandiswa pasina kwazvakarerekera mutsetse. Chero bedzi iyo michina yakanyatsogadzika, iyo yekusarerekera mutsetse muhurongwa haifanirwe kunge isina pasi yekubatana kunze kwekusarerekera poindi yemagetsi. Iyo zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro sisitimu inoda kuti iyo yekusarerekera mutsetse unodzivirirwa mune chero zvazvingaitika. Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo yekudzivirira isina kwazvakarerekera mutsetse uye zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro tambo inogona kumisikidzwa zvakasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, dziviriro isina kwayakarerekera mutsetse muchirongwa inofanirwa kuve nekudzokorora kwakadzokororwa pasi.
Kusarudzwa kwenzira dzekuchengetedza
Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekugovera magetsi uko mutengi aripo, iyo yekudzivirira pasi uye zero-yekubatanidza nzira yekudzivirira inofanira kusarudzwa nemazvo.
Imhandoi yekudzivirira inofanirwa kutora nemutengi wemagetsi? Chekutanga, zvinofanirwa kutsamira parudzi rwesimba rekuparadzira magetsi irimo. Kana ruzhinji rwekuparadzira netiweki iko mutengi iri iyo TT system, mutengi anofanira kutora pasi pekudzivirira nenzira yakabatana; kana iyo yeruzhinji yekuparadzira network uko mutengi iri mune iyo TN-C system, zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro inofanira kutorwa zvakafanana.
Iyo TT system uye iyo TN-C system maviri masisitimu ane avo pachavo akazvimirira hunhu. Kunyangwe ese masystem anogona kupa vatengi neiyo 220 / 380V imwechete uye matatu-chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi, havakwanise kutsiva chete asi nekuvadzivirira. Zvinodiwa pamusoro apa zvakasiyana zvachose. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, mune imwecheteyo simba rekuparadzira sisitimu, kana nzira mbiri dzekudzivirira dziripo panguva imwe chete, iyo giraidhi-kune-pasi magetsi emutsara usina kwazvakarerekera unokwira kusvika pahafu kana kukwira kwechikamu chemagetsi mune yepasi- mudziyo unodzivirirwa. Panguva ino, zvese zvishandiso pane zero-dziviriro (nekuti iyo simbi casing yechigadzirwa yakabatana zvakananga kune isina kwazvakarerekera mutsetse) inotakura yakafanana yakafanana mikana, kuitira kuti mativi esimbi senge mudziyo casing aratidze yakakwira voltage kune iyo pasi, zvichidaro zvichiisa njodzi mushandisi. Kuchengeteka. Naizvozvo, imwecheteyo nzira yekuparadzira inogona chete kushandisa nzira imwechete yekudzivirira, uye nzira mbiri dzekudzivirira hadzifanirwe kusanganiswa. Chechipiri, mutengi anofanira kunzwisisa izvo zvinonzi zvinodzivirira pasi, uye nekunyatso kusiyanisa musiyano uripo pakati pevhu nekuchengetedza zeroing. Inodzivirira pasi inoreva kuti izvo zvekushandisa zvemumba, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, nezvimwewo zvinogona kubhadhariswa nesimbi casing nekuda kwekukuvara kwekuvhara. Iyo ivhu yakapihwa kudzivirira yakadaro magetsi kubva mukuisa panjodzi kuchengetedzeka kwemunhu inonzi yekudzivirira pasi. Kudzivirirwa kwekuvhuvhuta kwesimbi yesimbi netambo yekudzivirira yepasi (PEE) yakabatana yakanangana nepasi pevhu inonzi kudzivirira pasi. Kana iyo simbi casing yakabatana kune inodzivirira conductor (PE) uye inodzivirira kwazvakarerekera conductor (PEN), inonzi zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro.
Dhizaini yakajairika, maitiro akajairwa
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana marongero anodikanwa enzira mbiri dzekudzivirira, dhizaini dhizaini uye maitiro ekuvaka maitiro.
Simbisa dhizaini uye maitiro ekuvaka zviyero uye zvinodiwa nemitsetse yekuparadzira musimba revatengi rinogamuchira zvivakwa, uye kutsiva chikamu chemukati chemagetsi chekuparadzira chedzichangovakwa kana kugadziridzwa zvivakwa zvevatengi zvine nhanho nhatu-nhanho shanu-tambo sisitimu kana imwechete-chikamu matatu-waya system. Iwo matatu-danho mana-tambo kana imwechete-chikamu maviri-waya simba rekuparadzira modhi muTT kana TN-C system inogona kunyatso kuona kudzivirirwa kwevatengi. Izvo zvinonzi "nharaunda nhatu-nhanho shanu-waya sisitimu kana imwechete-chikamu matatu-waya sisitimu" zvinoreva kuti mushure meiyo yakaderera-voltage tambo yakabatana kune mutengi, mutengi anofanira kuchinja iyo yekutanga yechinyakare wiring modhi, zvichibva pane yekutanga matatu-chikamu ina-waya sisitimu uye imwechete-chikamu maviri-waya system wiring. Pamusoro, yega yekuwedzera yekudzivirira tambo yakabatana kune yega yevatengi yekumisikidza waya zviteshi izvo zvinofanirwa kushandisa pasi rekuchengetedza dziviriro yemagetsi. Nekuda kwekugadzirisa kuchengetedza uye manejimendi, mharadzano yeyekunze inotungamira-kunze uye yekunze inotungamira-kumagumo kwetambo yekudzivirira ichaiswa pabhodhi rekugovera magetsi iro simba rinounzwa, uyezve nzira yekuwana yekudzivirira mutsetse unozogadzikwa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nesimba rekugovera system iko iko mutengi.
1, Kuisa zvinodikanwa zveTT sisitimu yekugadzirisa dziviriro (PEE)
Kana mutengi achigovera masimba system iri TT system, sisitimu inoda mutengi kutora nzira yekudzivirira pasi. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti ushandise kukosha kwevhu kwekudzivirira pasi, mutengi anofanira kuviga mudziyo wekugadzira kunze kwekunze zvichienderana nezvinodiwa ne "technical Regulations yeRural Low Voltage Power". Kuramba kwekumisikidza kunofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinotevera zvinodiwa:
Re≤Ulom / Iop
Re pasi yekupokana (Ω)
Ulom inonzi iyo voltage muganho (V). Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, inogona kutariswa seye AC RMS kukosha kwe50V.
Inoshanda yazvino yekusara yazvino (leakage) dziviriro padhuze neIop (I)
Kune avhareji mutengi, chero bedzi 40 × 40 × 4 × 2500 mm angle simbi inoshandiswa, inogona kuendeswa kune yepasi pevhu 0.6 m yakatwasuka nekutyaira kwemuchina, iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekumirisana. Ipapo, yakasungwa nesimbi yakatenderera ine dhayamita ye ≥ φ8 ndokuzotungamirwa kuenda pasi kune 0.6 m, ndokuzobatana netambo yekudzivirira (PEE) yeswitchboard ine zvimwechetezvo uye mhando yetambo seyakaunzwa kunze simba rekugovera chikamu.
2, Kuisa zvinodiwa zero-yekudzivirira mutsara (PE) yeTN-C system
Sezvo iyo sisitimu inoda kuti mutengi atore zero-yekubatanidza dziviriro modhi, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere yakasarudzika dziviriro tambo (PE) pahwaro hweiyo yekutanga-nhanho nhatu-tambo sisitimu kana imwechete-chikamu maviri-waya system, iyo inodzivirirwa nesimba remutengi inogamuchira magumo. Iyo yekudzivirira isina kwazvakarerekera mutsetse (PEN) yeiyo switchboard inotorwa ichibatanidzwa neiyo yekutanga-nhanho-ina-tambo sisitimu kana imwechete-chikamu maviri-waya system. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwesisitimu yese, kutarisisa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakushandiswa. Mushure mekunge tambo yekudzivirira (PE) yabviswa kubva kudziviriro isina kwayakarerekera (PEN), iyo yekusarerekera mutsetse N uye yekudzivirira mutsara (PE) inoumbwa padivi revatengi. Iyo waya mbiri haigone kusanganiswa kuita (PEN) mutsetse panguva yekushandisa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekudzokorora pasi kwekudzivirira kwazvakarerekera mutsetse (PEN), yekutanga uye kupera kweTN-C system mainline, ese matavi T terminal matanda, ebazi magumo matanda, nezvimwewo anofanirwa kuve akashongedzerwa akadzokorora mitsara yekumisikidza, uye nhatu-nhanho Iyo ina-waya sisitimu inofanirwa zvakare kugadzika pasi pamusuwo wekupinda weyekunyorera mutsara, pamberi pe (PEN) mutsetse usati wakakamurwa kuita kwazvakarerekera mutsetse (N) uye wekudzivirira mutsara (PE). Iyo tambo muchinjiko-chikamu chekudzivirira kwazvakarerekera (PEN), kwazvakarerekera (N) kana tambo yekudzivirira (PE) inogara ichisarudzwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwetambo uye chikamu chikamu cheiyo chikamu mutsara.
Inodzivirira ivhu uye nhoo kuvhuna / Grounding Dziviriro
Ground inodzivirira
1, Inodzivirirwa nzvimbo:
Makabati ese ari mukati. Semuenzaniso, kazhinji hapana nzvimbo mukabati umo musina pendi, uyezve waya dzakabatana. Uku ndiko kugadzikana kwemuviri wedare remakurukota. Tambo yepasi mukati memagetsi (ndokuti chikamu cheyero-girini) zvakare iri basa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzivirira kabati kuti isabhadhariswe.
2, inzvimbo yekudzivirira inowanzoitwa nemidziyo yemagetsi
3 simba pasi:
Iyi tambo, kazhinji kuburikidza nemagetsi, inodzokera kune iyo shanduko yepakati mutsetse uye ndokuzopinda muvhu. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, ino nenzvimbo yakachengetedzwa ndeimwe, uye dzimwe nzvimbo hadzisi imwe.
Shield kugadzika
1, Iyo inonzi zvakare chimbo chevhu.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti tambo yepasi waya inofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kunosangana nemagetsi / ivhu rekudzivirira panguva yekubatana, zvikasadaro inorasikirwa nezvarinoreva.
2, Kuchengetedza:
Paunenge uchishandisa tambo yakadzivirirwa, shandisa imwechete-inogumira kugadzika. Usavhure tambo yakadzivirirwa mumunda. Teerera kuchenesa. Mukamuri huru yekudzora, ruka tambo dzedziviriro dzetambo dzinoverengeka uye ubatanidze kune iyo nhovo yekumisikidza terminal yekabineti. (Makabati akanaka akateya matanda emhangura uye akaomeswa kubva kubhodhi)
3, Ongororo chaiyo
Nhovo grounding chinouraya kuti cabinet iri chokuita nhoo nhoo grounding. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza kuvakwa kwechiridzwa zvacho. Iyo ine pasi yeanalogog, pasi yedhijitari, yakaderera magetsi magetsi pasi, yakakwira magetsi magetsi (220v), uye akati wandei marudzi ekudzivirira. Munzvimbo yekudzora, nzvimbo yekumisikidza inoitwa, kumisikidza kwekumisikidza kuri 1 ohm, uye kana isiri 4 ohms, waya dzekumisikidza dzemitsara dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzinotanga kuunganidzwa kune yakakosha nzvimbo yekumisikidza. Wobva wabatanidza nzvimbo dzese dzekumisikidza kunzvimbo yekupfupisa, mirau yekumisikidza yega yega saiti, ivhu reanalogog, dhijitari yepasi-magetsi emagetsi waya dzakateedzana, uyezve dzakabatana nepasi chiratidzo chevhu, uye pakupedzisira chakabatana ne tambo yedziviriro, yakasimba-simba simba pasi uye dziviriro Mushure mekubatana kwepasi, kumisikidza kwekumisikidza kune 4 ohms, uye iwo maviri epasi masisitimu epasi akaiswa insured. Kuramba kwekuputira kunofanirwa kudomwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nesenji, asi inofanirwa kuve inopfuura 0.5 megohms. Ndokureva kuti, chiuno chechiratidzo chakavakirwa pamucheto mumwe, uye ivhu rekudzivirira munda rine pekumberi dziviriro sedziviriro pasi rekudzivirira kuparara kwepasi nekuda kwemhepo inokonzerwa. Kana iwo mativi maviri akaiswa pasi, chiuno chinodzora chichaumbwa, icho chinoita kuti chiratidzo chekupindira chive chekuzvikunda. Kana iwe uchinzwa kusagadzikana, unogona kushandisa isina kunangana zinc oxide varistor surge absorber pane saiti uye pane-saiti kudzivirirwa. Iyo voltage mwero yakaderera pane yakanyanya voltage iyo iyo sensor inogona kumira. Kazhinji, usapfuure iyo magetsi ekupa e24 volts. Shielding ine zvirevo zviviri, electromagnetic shielding, uye electrostatic shielding, izvo zvinoreva kudzivirira kwemagineti macircuit uye macircuit, zvichiteerana. Iyo yakajairwa mhangura mesh inodzivirira waya haina zvainoita paiyo magnetic wedunhu, saka chete kudzivirirwa kwemagetsi kupindira, ndiko kuti, electrostatic kudzivirirwa, kunoonekwa. Panguva ino, iyo yekudzivirira inodzivirirwa inofanira kuvakwa (iyo redunhu redunhu inodzivirirwa pasina pasi). Nheyo yacho yakangofanana: iyo yekupindirana sosi uye yekugashira magumo zvakaenzana nematanda maviri eiyo capacitor. Rutivi rwekuchinja kwemagetsi ruchanzwisisa kumwe kunopera kuburikidza neiyo capacitor. Iyo yepakati dura (ndiko kuti, nhovo) inoiswa muvhu inoparadza ino yakaenzana capacitance, nokudaro ichicheka nzira yekupindira. Ive nekuchengera kubatanidza kune pasi pechiratidzo iwe chaunoda kuchengetedza kana uchisimudza, uye chete batanidza kune mumwe mugumo wedziviriro. Zvikasadaro, pachave neiyo hombe razvino (pasi razvino chiuno) ichikonzera kukuvara kana mikana pamativi ese ari maviri isina kuenzana.
