Mheni uye kuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwemhepo turbine system

Nekukura kwekuziva kwekudziya kwepasirese uye miganho kune yedu fossil yakavakirwa mafuta, kudiwa kwekutsvaga irinani inovandudzwa sosi yesimba kuri kuve pachena. Iko kushandiswa kwesimba remhepo indasitiri inokura nekukurumidza. Kuisirwa kwakadai kunowanzo kuve pane yakavhurika uye yakakwidziridzwa nzvimbo uye seakadai aripo anokwezva ekutora mapoinzi ekubuda kwemheni. Kana kupihwa kuvimbika kuchichengetedzwa zvakakosha kuti sosi dzekuwandisa kwemagetsi dzorerwe. LSP inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvidziviriro zvekuchengetedza zvinokodzera kune ese ari maviri uye akasarudzika mheni magetsi.

LSP ine yakazara yakazara suite yezvidziviriro zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa kune mhepo turbine kunyorera. Chipo kubva kuLSP kuenda kune dzakasiyana-siyana DIN njanji dzakasimudzwa zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza uye kuwedzera uye mheni yekutarisa. Sezvo isu tinopinda munguva munhoroondo apo kusundira kune green green uye tekinoroji kuri kuramba kuchikonzera kuti mamwe mapurazi emhepo avakwe, uye mapurazi emhepo azvino kuti awedzerwe, vese vagadziri ve turbine nevaridzi vemapurazi emhepo / vanoshanda vari kuwedzera kuziva mitengo inosanganisirwa ne mheni inorova. Kukanganisa kwemari kunoitwa nevashandisi kana paine chiitiko chekuramwa nemheni kunouya nenzira mbiri, mitengo inosanganisirwa nekutsiva michina nekuda kwekukuvara kwemuviri uye nemitengo inosanganisirwa nehurongwa kusavepo uye kusingaburitse simba. Turbine magetsi masisitimu anotarisana nematambudziko anoramba aripo enzvimbo inoatenderedza, nemagetsi emhepo kazhinji ari iwo akareba zvivakwa mukuisirwa. Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akashata avachasangana nawo, pamwe chete nezvinotarisirwa kuti turbine inorohwa nemheni kanoverengeka muhupenyu hwayo hwese, mitengo yekugadzirisa michina uye kugadzirisa inofanirwa kuverengerwa mubhizinesi rezvebhizimusi chero wevanoshanda nemhepo. Iyo yakananga uye isina kunanga mheni yekurova kukanganisa kunogadzirwa nemasimba emagetsi emagetsi maseru ayo anogadzira anodarika epashure. Aya mafuturu anobva apfuura kuburikidza nemagetsi sisitimu yakanangana nemidziyo inonamira mukati meiyo turbine pachayo. Kuwedzera kunopararira kuburikidza nesystem inoburitsa zvese nekukurumidza uye kwekupedzisira kukuvara kumatunhu nemidziyo yemakomputa. Zvimisikidzo zvakaita semajenareta, maTransformers, uye masimba ekushandura magetsi pamwe nekudzora zvemagetsi, kutaurirana uye masystem eSCADA anogona kukuvadzwa nemwenje yakagadzira masaji. Kukuvara kwakananga uye nekukasira kunogona kuve kuri pachena, asi kukuvara kwekupedzisira kunoitika semhedzisiro yekurova kwakawanda kana kudzokororwa kwemasurges kunogona kuitika kuzvinhu zvakakosha zvemagetsi mukati meiyi tangi yemhepo, kazhinji kukuvara uku hakufukidzwe newarandi yemugadziri, uye nekudaro mutengo wekugadzirisa uye kutsiva unowira kune vanoshanda.

Mari yepamhepo ndeimwe chinhu chikuru chinofanirwa kuverengerwa mune chero chirongwa chebhizinesi chakabatana nepurazi remhepo. Mari idzi dzinouya kana turbine yakaremara uye ichifanirwa kushandisirwa nechikwata chebasa, kana kuve nezvinhu zvakatsiviwa izvo zvinosanganisira zvese kutenga, kutakura uye kuisa mari. Mari dzinogona kurasikirwa nekuda kwekurova kamwe chete kwemheni dzinogona kuve dzakakosha, uye kukuvara kwekupedzisira kunogadzirwa nekufamba kwenguva kunowedzera kune iyo yakazara. LSP yemhepo turbine dziviriro chigadzirwa inonyanyisa inoderedza inosanganisirwa mitengo nekukwanisa kumiririra yakawanda mheni masaji pasina kutadza, kunyangwe mushure mezviitiko zvakawanda zvekuramwa.

Iyo kesi yekuwedzera kwekudzivirira masisitimu emhepo trubines

Iko kuenderera shanduko mumamiriro ekunze akasanganiswa pamwe nekuwedzera kutsamira pamafuta epasi zvakapa hukuru mukufarira mune inoenderera, inovandudzwa simba zviwanikwa pasirese. Imwe yeaya anovimbisa matekinoroji mune yakasvibirira simba imhepo simba, iyo kunze kwekukwira kwakawanda kwekutanga mitengo ichave sarudzo yemarudzi mazhinji pasirese. Semuenzaniso, muPortugal, chinangwa chekugadzira simba remhepo kubva muna 2006 kusvika 2010 chaive chekuwedzera kusvika pa25% simba rese rekugadzira simba remhepo, chinangwa chakazadzikiswa uye chakapfuura mumakore akatevera. Nepo zvirongwa zvehurumende zvine hukasha zvichisunda mhepo uye kugadzirwa kwesimba kwezuva zvakawedzera indasitiri yemhepo zvakanyanya, pamwe nekuwedzera uku kwenhamba yemagetsi emagetsi kunouya kuwedzera mune mukana wekuti maturbine arohwe nemheni. Kunanga kunorovera kumhepo turbines ave kuzivikanwa sedambudziko rakakomba, uye pane zvinhu zvakasarudzika zvinoita kuti kudzivirira kwemheni kuome zvakanyanya musimba remhepo pane mune mamwe maindasitiri.

Kuvakwa kwema turbine emhepo kwakasarudzika, uye aya marefu kunyanya-esimbi zvivakwa zvinokanganisa kukuvara kubva kune mheni. Izvo zvakare zvakaoma kudzivirira kushandisa akajairwa ekuvhiya ekuchengetedza matekinoroji ayo anozvipira zvakanyanya ivo mushure meumwechete kuvhiya. Mhepo turbine dzinogona kukwira kupfuura mamirita zana nemakumi mashanu pakureba, uye dzinowanikwa zvakanyanya panzvimbo yepamusoro munzvimbo dziri kure dzinotarisana nezvinhu, kusanganisira mheni. Izvo zvinonyatso kufumurwa zvemhepo turbine ndiwo mashizha uye nacelle, uye izvi zvinowanzo gadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoumbwa izvo zvisingakwanise kuchengetedza yakananga mheni. Chiitiko chaicho chakanangana chinowanzoitika kumashizha, zvichigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo kubhururuka kunofamba kwese kuburikidza nemidziyo ye turbine mukati me Windmill uye zvingangoita kunzvimbo dzese dzinobatana nemagetsi zvepurazi. Idzo nzvimbo dzinowanzo shandiswa kumapurazi emhepo dziripo mamiriro asina kunaka epasi, uye purazi remhepo remazuva ano rine zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinonzwisisika zvisingaite. Zvese izvi nyaya zvinoita kuti kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo turbine kubva kukuvara kwakanangana nemheni kunonetsa zvakanyanya.

Mukati meiyo turbine dhizaini chimiro pachayo, zvemagetsi uye mabheyari ari panjodzi huru yekukuvara kwemheni. Mari yekuchengetedza inosanganisirwa nemagetsi emhepo yakakwira nekuda kwematambudziko ekutsiva zvinhu izvi. Kuunza matekinoroji ayo anogona kuvandudza huwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinodikanwa zvekutsiva chinhu chinhu chinopa hurukuro huru mukati memakamuri mazhinji emabhodhi uye vamiriri vehurumende vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemhepo. Hunhu hwakasimba hwekudzivirira chigadzirwa chigadzirwa mutsetse wakasarudzika pakati pehutachiona hwekudzivirira matekinoroji nekuti inoramba ichichengetedza iyo michina kunyangwe ichiitwa, uye hapana chikonzero chekumisikidza kana kuseta patsva mushure memheni yemheni. Izvi zvinobvumira emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kuti agare online kwenguva yakareba. Chero kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwepamhepo mamiriro uye nguva izvo turbine ari pasi kuti agadziriswe anozopedzisira aunza zvimwe mutengo kumutengi.

Kudzivirira kukanganisa kune yakaderera-magetsi uye maseketi ekudzivirira kwakakosha, sezvo ongororo dzakaratidza kuti zvinopfuura makumi mashanu kubva muzana zvemhepo turbine kutadza kunokonzerwa nekuparara kwemhando idzi dzezvinhu. Zvinyorwa zvakaputsika zvemidziyo inonzi yakanangana nekukonzera mheni kurovera uye backflow surges iyo inopararira mushure mekurova kwemheni, zvakajairika. Mheni dzinosunga dzakaiswa kune grid remagetsi divi rehurongwa dzakavakirwa pamwe neepasi voltage magetsi kuitira kudzikisa kusagadzikana kwepasi, kuwedzera kugona kweketani rese kumira stereki kune imwechete turbine yemhepo.

Mheni uye kuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwemhepo turbines

Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura kuiswa kwemheni uye kuwedzera kwekudzivirira matanho emagetsi nemagetsi zvigadzirwa uye masisitimu mune turbine yemhepo.

Mhepo turbines ari panjodzi yakanyanya kumhedzisiro yekurovera kwakananga kwemheni nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yakakura yakafumuka uye kukwirira. Sezvo njodzi yemheni inorova turbine yemhepo ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nehurefu hwayo, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti tangi yemhepo yakawanda-megawati inorohwa nemheni yakananga kurovera ingangoita mwedzi gumi nembiri.

Iyo yekudya-mumubhadharo inofanirwa kuwedzera yakakwira mari yekudyara mukati memakore mashoma, zvichireva kuti nguva yekuzorora semhedzisiro yemheni uye yekukanganisa kukuvara uye inosanganiswazve re-peya mitengo inofanirwa kudzivirirwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mheni yakazara uye yekudzivirira matanho akakosha.

Kana uchironga mheni dziviriro sisitimu yemhepo turbines, kwete chete gore-kune-pasi kupenya, asiwo pasi-kune-gore kupenya, vanonzi vatungamiriri vekumusoro, inofanirwa kutariswa yezvinhu zvine hurefu hweanopfuura makumi matanhatu emamitha munzvimbo dzakafumurwa. . Ikoji yemagetsi yakakwira yevatungamiriri vari kumusoro inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya pamusoro penzvimbo yekuchengetedza macoror blade uye kusarudza mheni dzakakodzera vanosunga varipo.

Kumisikidza -Mheni uye kudzivirira kwekudzivirira kwemhepo turbine system
Pfungwa yekudzivirira inofanira kuve yakavakirwa pamatanho epasi rose IEC 61400-24, IEC 62305 standard nhevedzano uye nhungamiro dzenzanga yeGermanischer Lloyd.

Matanho ekudzivirira
IEC 61400-24 inokurudzira kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zvese zvidiki zvemagetsi ekudzivirira turbine yemhepo zvinoenderana nezinga remheni rekudzivirira (LPL) I, kunze kwekunge kuongororwa kwenjodzi kuchiratidza kuti LPL yepasi yakwana. Kuongororwa kwenjodzi kunogona zvakare kuratidza kuti akasiyana zvikamu zvidiki ane maLPL akasiyana. IEC 61400-24 inokurudzira kuti dziviriro yemheni ive yakavakirwa pane yakazara nzwisiso yekudzivirira mheni.

Iyo Mheni uye yekudzivirira inodzivirira yemhepo turbine system ine yekunze magetsi mheni yekudzivirira system (LPS) uye surge surge matanho (SPMs) ekudzivirira emagetsi nemagetsi zvigadzirwa. Kuronga matanho ekudzivirira, zvinokurudzirwa kupatsanura turbine yemhepo munzvimbo dzemheni dzinodzivirira (LPZs).

Iyo Mheni uye yekudzivirira inodzivirira yemhepo turbine system inodzivirira maviri madiki-masystem ayo anongogona kuwanikwa chete mumhepo turbines, anoti iwo ma rotor mashizha uye echimakanika magetsi chitima.

IEC 61400-24 inotsanangura zvakadzama maitiro ekudzivirira aya akakosha zvikamu zveturbine yemhepo uye maitiro ekuratidza kushanda kwematanho ekudzivirira mheni.

Zvinoenderana neichi chiyero, zvinokurudzirwa kuita yakakwira-magetsi bvunzo kuti uone mheni yazvino inomira kugona kweanokodzera masisitimu nekurohwa kwekutanga uye nesitiroko refu, kana zvichibvira, mukubuda kwakajairika.

Iwo matambudziko akaomarara maererano nekudzivirirwa kwema rotor mashizha uye zvakaomarara zvakasungirirwa zvikamu / mabheyari anofanirwa kuongororwa zvakadzama uye zvinoenderana nemugadziri wechinhu uye mhando. Iyo IEC 61400-24 standard inopa ruzivo rwakakosha mune izvi.

Mheni inodzivirira nzvimbo pfungwa
Iyo mheni yekudzivirira nzvimbo yenzvimbo danho rekugadzira kugadzira yakatsanangurwa EMC nharaunda mune chinhu. Iyo yakatsanangurwa EMC nharaunda inotsanangurwa nechengetedzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi inoshandiswa. Iyo mheni yekudzivirira zone pfungwa inobvumira kudzikiswa kunoitwa uye kupenya kupenya pamiganhu kune yakatsanangurwa tsika. Neichi chikonzero, chinhu chinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa chakakamurwa munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza.

Iyo yekumonera sphere nzira inogona kushandiswa kuona LPZ 0A, zvinoti zvikamu zvemhepo turbine iyo inogona kuiswa kune yakananga mheni, uye LPZ 0B, zvinoti zvikamu zvemhepo turbine iyo inodzivirirwa kubva kunonongedza mheni zvakananga nemhepo yekunze- kugumisa masisitimu kana emhepo-ekumisa masystem akabatanidzwa muzvikamu zvemhepo turbine (mune rotor blade, semuenzaniso).

Sekureva kweIEC 61400-24, iyo yekumonera sphere nzira haifanire kushandiswa kune avo rotor mashizha ivo pachavo. Nechikonzero ichi, dhizaini yemhepo-yekumisa system inofanirwa kuyerwa maererano nechitsauko 8.2.3 cheiyo IEC 61400-24 chiyero.

Fig. 1 inoratidza mashandisirwo enzira yekuumburuka nzira, nepo Fig. 2 inoratidza kupesana kunogona kuita turbine yemhepo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza mheni. Iko kupatsanurwa kuva nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mheni kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemhepo turbine. Naizvozvo, chimiro chemhepo turbine inofanirwa kucherechedzwa.

Izvozvi, zvakadaro, zvinotora danho rekuti mheni dzemagetsi dzakabayiwa kubva kunze kweturbine yemhepo kuenda kuLPZ 0A dzinoderedzwa nematanho akakodzera ekudzivirira uye nekuwedzera zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira kumiganhu yenzvimbo dzese kuti magetsi nemagetsi zvigadzirwa uye masystem ari mukati meinjini yemhepo agone kushandiswa zvakachengeteka.

Matanho ekudzivirira
Iyo casing inofanira kugadzirwa seyakavharirwa simbi nhoo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vhoriyamu ine magetsi emagetsi munda uyo wakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura munda uri kunze kweturbine yemhepo inowanikwa mukasi.

Zvinoenderana neIEC 61400-24, tubular simbi yesimbi, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumahombekombe makuru emhepo, inogona kutorwa kunge ingangoita yakakwana Faraday keji, inonyatsokodzera magetsi ekudzivirira. Iwo switchgear uye macabineti ekudzora mukakasi kana "nacelle" uye, kana paine, muchivako chekushandisa, inofanirawo kugadzirwa nesimbi. Tambo dzinobatanidza dzinofanirwa kuve nenhoo yekunze inokwanisa kutakura magetsi emheni.

Tambo dzakadzivirirwa dzinongopokana nekupindirwa kweEMC kana nhoo dzakabatana ne equipotential yekubatanidza pamativi ese maviri. Iyo nhovo dzinofanirwa kutaurwa nenzira yeuzere (360 °) ekubata matemu pasina kuisa EMC-isingawirirane tambo refu dzinobatanidza pane turbine yemhepo.

Magnetic inodzivirira uye tambo nzira inofanirwa kuitwa maererano nechikamu chechina cheIEC 4-62305. Nechikonzero ichi, general mirayiridzo yeEMC-inoenderana yekumisikidza tsika zvinoenderana neIEC / TR 4-61000-5 inofanira kushandiswa.

Matanho ekudzivirira anosanganisira, semuenzaniso:

Kuiswa kwesimbi yesimbi pane GRP-yakavharwa nacelles.
Simbi yesimbi.
Simbi switchgear makabati.
Masimbi ekudzora makabati.
Mheni yazvino yakatakura tambo dzakabatana dzakadzivirirwa (simbi tambo tambo, pombi inodzivirirwa kana zvimwe zvakadaro).
Cable kudzivirirwa.

Matanho ekudzivirira emheni ekunze
Basa reLPS rekunze kutora mipendero yakananga kunosanganisira mheni inopinda mushongwe yemhepo turbine uye kuburitsa mheni kubva panzvimbo yekurova kusvika pasi. Iyo inoshandiswa zvakare kugovera mheni iripo muvhu isina kupisa kana kupisa kwemagetsi kana kukuvadza kune njodzi kunogona kukonzera moto kana kuputika nekuisa vanhu panjodzi.

Iwo angangoita mapoinzi ekuramwa turbine yemhepo (kunze kwema rotor mashizha) anogona kutemerwa nenzira yeiyo inotenderera nzira sphere inoratidzwa muFig. 1. Kumhepo turbines, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kirasi LPS I. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo inotenderera ine nharaunda r = 20 m yakakungurutswa pamusoro pemhepo turbine kuona poindi dzekurova. Mhedzisiro-yekumisa masystem anodikanwa uko iyo sphere inosangana neiyo turbine yemhepo.

Iyo nacelle / casing kuvaka inofanirwa kuve inosanganisirwa mune yemheni yekudzivirira system kuona kuti mheni inorova mune nacelle inorova chero zvakasikwa simbi zvikamu zvinokwanisa kumira nemutoro uyu kana mweya-inogumisa system yakagadzirirwa izvi chinangwa. Nacelles ine GRP yekupfeka inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirirwa mweya-inogumisa system uye pasi makondakita achigadzira keji yakakomberedza nacelle.

Iyo yekumisa -mhepo system inosanganisira vasina kupfeka makondaketi mune ino cage inofanirwa kuve nemhando yekumira kurovera kwemheni zvinoenderana nedziviriro yemheni yakasarudzwa. Vanoenderera mberi vafambisi mukaraji yeFaraday vanofanirwa kugadzirwa nenzira yekuti vamire mugove wemheni yemazuva ano kwavanogona kuitiswa. Mukuteedzana neIEC 61400-24, masisitimu emhepo-ekumisa ekuchengetedza michina yekuyera yakamisirwa kunze kweiyo nacelle inofanirwa kugadzirwa zvichitevedzera zvido zveIEC 62305-3 uye pasi makondakita anofanirwa kuve akabatana necage yakatsanangurwa pamusoro.

"Zvinhu zvakasikwa" zvakagadzirwa nemidziyo yekufambisa inoiswa zvachose mu / pane turbine yemhepo uye inoramba isina kuchinjika (semuenzaniso kudzivirira kwemheni kwema rotor mashizha, mabheyari, mainframes, shongwe yakasanganiswa, nezvimwewo) inogona kuve yakabatanidzwa muLPS. Kana mhepo turbine iri yesimbi yekuvaka, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti vanozadzisa izvo zvinodiwa kune yekunze mheni yekudzivirira system yekirasi yeLPS I maererano neIEC 62305.

Izvi zvinoda kuti mheni iratidzwe zvakachengetedzeka neLPS yemarota machena kuitira kuti ikwanise kuburitswa kune yepasi-yekumisa sisitimu kuburikidza nezvisikwa zvikamu senge mabheyari, mainframes, iyo shongwe uye / kana yekudarika masystem (semuenzaniso kuvhurika kwepasipi mipata, kabhoni mabhurashi).

Mhepo-inogumisa system / pasi conductor
Sezvinoratidzwa muFiri. 1, iwo rotor mashizha; nacelle inosanganisira zvivakwa; iyo rotor hub uye shongwe yemhepo turbine inogona kurohwa nemheni.
Kana ivo vakagona kudzvinyirira iyo yakakwira mheni yekumanikidza ikozvino 200 kA zvakachengeteka uye vanogona kuiburitsa kune yepasi-yekumisa system, ivo vanogona kushandiswa se "zvisikwa zvikamu" zveyemhepo-inogumisa sisitimu yemhepo turbine yekunze mheni yekudzivirira system.

Metallic receptors, iyo inomiririra yakatsanangurwa mapoinzi ekurovera kwemheni, inowanzo gadzirirwa padivi peGRP blade yekudzivirira iwo ma rotor blade kukuvara nekuda kwemheni. Wepasi conductor anotenderedzwa kubva kune inogamuchira kusvika kune iyo blade midzi. Kana pakaitika mheni, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mheni inorova blade tip (receptor) uye yozobhadhariswa kuburikidza neyepasi conductor mukati meye blade kune yepasi-yekumisa system kuburikidza nacelle uye nhare.

Pasi-kugumisa system
Iyo yepasi-yekumisikidza sisitimu yemhepo turbine inofanirwa kuita akati wandei mabasa senge wega kuchengetedzwa, EMC dziviriro uye mheni kudzivirira.

Inoshanda-yekumisa pasi system (ona Fig. 3) yakakosha kugovera mheni uye kudzivirira mhepo turbine kubva mukuparadzwa. Zvakare, iyo yepasi-yekumisa system inofanirwa kuchengetedza vanhu nemhuka pakurohwa nemagetsi. Mukana wekurohwa nemheni, nyika-yekumisa system inofanirwa kuburitsa mheni yakakwira kuenda pasi uye kuigovera muvhu pasina njodzi yekupisa uye / kana magetsi emagetsi.

Muzhinji, zvakakosha kumisikidza yepasi-yekumisa sisitimu yemhepo turbine iyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza iyo turbine yemhepo kubva kune mheni kurova uye pasi pasi magetsi magetsi system.

Ongorora: Magetsi emagetsi-emagetsi mirau yakadai seCenelec HO 637 S1 kana zvinoshanda zviyero zvemunyika zvinotsanangura maitiro ekugadzira yepasi-yekumisa sisitimu yekudzivirira yakanyanya kubata uye nhanho voltages inokonzereswa nepfupi-maseketi mune akakwirira kana epakati-magetsi masystem. Nezve kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, iyo IEC 61400-24 standard inoreva IEC // TS 60479-1 uye IEC 60479-4.

Kurongeka kwemagetsi epasi

IEC 62305-3 inotsanangura maviri akakosha marudzi epasi electrode kurongedzwa kwemhepo turbines:

Type A: Zvinoenderana neAnnex I yeIEC 61400-24, gadziriro iyi haifanire kushandiswa kumaturbine emhepo, asi inogona kushandiswa kune anowedzera (semuenzaniso, zvivakwa zvine michina yekuyera kana sheds shesi zvine chekuita nepurazi remhepo). Type A pasi magadzirirwo emagetsi anosanganisira akaenzana kana akatwasuka epasi ma electrode akabatanidzwa neanenge maviri pasi makondakita pachivako.

Type B: Zvinoenderana neAnnex I yeIEC 61400-24, iyi gadziriro inofanira kushandiswa kumagetsi emhepo. Iyo inogona kunge iine yekunze mhete pasi electrode yakaiswa muvhu kana hwaro pasi electrode. Ridza pasi ma electrode uye zvikamu zvesimbi mune hwaro zvinofanirwa kunge zvakabatana neiyo kuvaka shongwe.

Iko kusimbiswa kweiyo shongwe hwaro kunofanirwa kuve kwakabatanidzwa mune yekuvhuvhu pfungwa yemhepo turbine. Iyo yepasi-yekumisikidza sisitimu yeshongwe base uye chivakwa chekushandisa chinofanirwa kuve chakabatanidzwa nenzira ye meshed network yeepasi maelekitirodhi kuti awane yepasi-yekumisa sisitimu inotenderera pamusoro senzvimbo yakakura sezvinobvira. Kudzivirira kukwirisa nhanho dzekukwira semhedzisiro yemheni, inogona kudzora uye ngura isingagadzike ringi pasi maelekitirodhi (akagadzirwa nesimbi isina chinhu) anofanirwa kuiswa akatenderedza hwaro hweshongwe kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu (ona Fig. 3).

Nheyo yepasi ma electrode

Nheyo dzepasi ma electrode anoita hunyanzvi uye hupfumi pfungwa uye, semuenzaniso, inodiwa muGerman technical Konongedzwa Mamiriro (TAB) emakambani anopa magetsi. Nheyo yepasi ma electrode chikamu chemagetsi kuiswa uye kuzadzisa akakosha ekuchengetedza mabasa. Nechikonzero ichi, vanofanirwa kuiswa nevanhu vane hunyanzvi hwemagetsi kana pasi pekutarisirwa kwemunhu ane hunyanzvi hwemagetsi.

Metare anoshandiswa epasi ma electrode anofanirwa kutevedzera izvo zvinhu zvakanyorwa muTafura 7 yeIEC 62305-3. Hutsinye hunhu hwesimbi muvhu hunofanira kugara huchionekwa. Nheyo yepasi ma electrode anofanirwa kuve akagadzirwa nesimbi yakakosheswa kana isina-galvanized (yakatenderera kana yakakumura simbi). Simbi yakatenderera inofanira kuva nehupamhi hwepakati pe10 mm. Strip simbi inofanira kunge iine hushoma hupamhi hwe30 x 3,5 mm. Ziva kuti chinhu ichi chinofanira kuvharwa nekongiri shanu (kudzivirira ngura). Iyo hwaro pasi electrode inofanirwa kuve yakabatana neiyo huru equipotential yekubatanidza bha mune turbine yemhepo. Corrosion-resistant kubatana kunofanirwa kusimbiswa kuburikidza neyakagadziriswa ivhu poindi yemagetsi magaba akagadzirwa nesimbi isina chinhu. Zvakare, rin'i yepasi electrode yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina chinhu inofanira kuiswa muvhu.

Kudzivirirwa pakuchinja kubva kuLPZ 0A kuenda kuLPZ 1

Kuona kushanda kwakachengeteka kwemagetsi nemagetsi zvigadzirwa, miganho yeLPZs inofanirwa kudzivirirwa pakukanganiswa nemwaranzi uye kudzivirirwa pakukanganiswa kunoitwa (ona maonde. 2 ne4). Midziyo yekudzivirira inokwanisa kuburitsa magetsi makuru pasina kuparadza inofanira kuiswa panguva yekuchinja kubva kuLPZ 0A kuenda kuLPZ 1 (inonziwo "mheni equipotential bonding"). Aya ekuzvidzivirira ekushandisa anozonzi sekirasi I mheni vasungwa vazvino uye vanoedzwa nenzira yekumanikidza mafungu e10 / 350 μs waveform. Panguva yekuchinja kubva kuLPZ 0B kuenda kuLPZ 1 uye LPZ 1 uye yakakwira chete yakaderera-simba simba remhepo mafungu anokonzerwa nematanho anokonzerwa kunze kwesystem kana mafuru akagadzirwa muchirongwa anofanirwa kutariswa nawo. Aya ekuzvidzivirira ekushandisa anozonzi sekirasi II yekumhanyisa vasungwa uye anoedzwa nenzira yekumanikidza mafungu e8 / 20 μs waveform.

Zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yemheni, tambo dzese dzinouya netambo dzinofanira kuve dzakabatanidzwa mumheni equipotential bonding pasina kusara pachishandiswa kirasi I mheni vasungwa varipo pamuganhu kubva kuLPZ 0A kuenda kuLPZ 1 kana kubva kuLPZ 0A kuenda kuLPZ 2.

Imwe yemuno equipotential bonding, umo tambo dzese uye mitsara inopinda uyu muganho inofanirwa kuve yakabatanidzwa, inofanirwa kuiswa kune yega imwe nzvimbo yemuganhu muganhu mukati mevhoriyamu inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa.

Type 2 surge vanosunga vanofanirwa kuiswa panguva yekuchinja kubva kuLPZ 0B kuenda kuLPZ 1 uye kubva kuLPZ 1 kuenda kuLPZ 2, nepo kirasi yechitatu inosungwa inosungirwa inofanirwa kuiswa panguva yekuchinja kubva kuLPZ 2 kuenda kuLPZ 3. Basa rekirasi II nekirasi III surge arresters ndeyekuderedza kusara kwekukanganiswa kwenzvimbo dzekumusoro dzekudzivirira uye kudzikamisa iwo mafungu anofuridzirwa kana kugadzirwa mukati memhepo turbine.

Kusarudza SPDs zvinoenderana nemagetsi ekudzivirira nhanho (Kumusoro) nemidziyo yekudzivirira

Kutsanangura iyo Yakakwira muLPZ, masimba ekudzivirira emidziyo mukati meLPZ anofanirwa kutsanangurwa, eg tambo dzemagetsi nekubatana kwemidziyo zvinoenderana neIEC 61000-4-5 uye IEC 60664-1; yetelecommunication mitsara uye kubatana kwemidziyo zvinoenderana neIEC 61000-4-5, ITU-T K.20 uye ITU-T K. 21, uye nemamwe mitsara nekubatana kwemidziyo zvinoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri.

Vagadziri vezvinhu zvemagetsi nemagetsi vanofanirwa kupa ruzivo runodiwa padanho rekuzvidzivirira zvinoenderana nemitemo yeEMC. Zvikasadaro, anogadzira turbine yemhepo anofanirwa kuita bvunzo kuti aone hutachiona. Iyo inotsanangurwa immune immune chikamu chezvinhu muLPZ inonyatsotsanangura iyo inodiwa voltage dziviriro nhanho yeiyo LPZ miganhu. Iyo hutachiona hwechirongwa hunofanirwa kuratidzwa, pazvinoshanda, neese maPSD akaiswa uye nemidziyo inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa.

Kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi

Shanduko yemhepo turbine inogona kuiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana (mune yakasarudzika yekuparadzira chiteshi, munzvimbo yeshongwe, mushongwe, mune nacelle). Kana paine makuru emagetsi turbines, semuenzaniso, iyo isina kukiiwa 20 kV tambo mune yeshongwe base inoendeswa kune yepakati-voltage switchgear kumisikidza inosanganisira yevhavha redunhu breaker, zvine michina yakavharwa sarudza switch switch disconnector, ichibuda earthing switch uye yekudzivirira relay.

Tambo dzeMV dzinoendeswa kubva kuMV switchgear kuisirwa mushongwe yemhepo turbine kune iyo transformer iri mune nacelle. Iyo inoshandura inodyisa yekudzora kabati mune yeshongwe base, iyo switchgear kabati mune nacelle uye iyo pombi system muhubhu kuburikidza neTN-C system (L1; L2; L3; PEN conductor; 3PhY; 3 W + G). Iyo switchgear kabati mune nacelle inopa iyo yemagetsi michina ine AC voltage ye 230/400 V.

Sekureva kweIEC 60364-4-44, zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakaiswa mumhepo turbine inofanira kunge iine yakatarwa yekumisidzana yekumira nemhepo zvinoenderana nemazita emagetsi emhepo turbine. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanosunga vanosungirwa kuti vagadzwe vanofanirwa kuve nechero yakatarwa voltage yekuchengetedza nhanho zvinoenderana nemazita emagetsi esisitimu. Surge arresters anoshandiswa kuchengetedza 400/690 V magetsi emagetsi masisitimu anofanirwa kunge aine hushoma voltage yekuchengetedza mwero Up ≤2,5 kV, nepo surge musungwa anoshandiswa kuchengetedza 230/400 V magetsi emagetsi masisitimu anofanirwa kuve neanodzivirira magetsi Kumusoro -1,5 kV kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi / emagetsi zvigadzirwa. Kuti uzadzise chinodikanwa ichi, wedzera michina yekudzivirira ye400 / 690 V magetsi emagetsi masystem ayo anokwanisa kuitisa mheni magetsi e10 / 350 μs waveform pasina kuparadzwa uye nekuona mwero wedziviriro yemagetsi kumusoro -2,5 kV inofanira kuiswa.

230/400 V magetsi emagetsi

Iwo magetsi emagetsi ekudzora kabati mune yeshongwe base, iyo switchgear kabati mu nacelle uye neyakagadzika system muhubhu nenzira ye 230/400 V TN-C system (3PhY, 3W + G) inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nekirasi II surge vanosunga senge SLP40-275 / 3S.

Kudzivirirwa kwerambi reyambiro yendege

Mwenje yambiro yendege pane mast mast muLPZ 0B inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pachishandiswa kirasi yechipiri yekusungwa pakushanduka kwenzvimbo dzakakodzera (LPZ 0B → 1, LPZ 1 → 2) (Tafura 1).

400 / 690V magetsi emagetsi masisitimu Akarongedzwa mheni-imwechete mheni vanosunga iye zvino vane yepamusoro yekutevera kuderera kwazvino kwema400 / 690 V magetsi magetsi sisitimu seSLP40-750 / 3S, inofanirwa kuvharirwa kuchengetedza iyo 400/690 V transformer , inverters, mains mafirita uye zviyero zvekushandisa.

Kudzivirirwa kwetambo dzemagetsi

Tichifunga nezve yakakwira voltage kushivirira, kirasi II yekumhanyisa vasungwa vezita remazita anosvika ku1000 V inofanirwa kuiswa kuti ichengetedze rotor ichitenderera yejenareta uye yekupa mutsara weiyo inverter. Yakawedzera spark-gap-based arrester ine ratidziro yemagetsi frequency inomira voltage UN / AC = 2,2 kV (50 Hz) inoshandiswa kungangozviparadzanisa uye kudzivirira varistor-based arresters kubva kushanda nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekuchinja kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika panguva yekushanda kweiyo inverter. Modular matatu-pole kirasi II yekuwedzera inosunga ine yakawedzera yakatemwa magetsi emagetsi eiyo varistor ye690 V masisitimu akaiswa padivi rega re stator jenareta.

Modular matatu-pole kirasi II yekumhanyisa vasungwa vorudzi SLP40-750 / 3S zvakagadzirirwa zvakanangana nemhepo turbines. Ivo vane yakatemwa magetsi eiyo varistor Umov ye750 V AC, tichifunga kuchinja kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika panguva yekushanda.

Kuwedzera vanosungwa veIT masisitimu

Kuwedzera kwekusungwa kwekudzivirira michina yemagetsi mukuterevhizheni uye kusaina network maringe neasina kunanga uye akananga mhedzisiro yemheni uye mamwe madhiri ekukurumidza anotsanangurwa muIEC 61643-21 uye akaiswa kumiganhu yenzvimbo zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yemheni.

Vazhinji-vemasiteji anosunga anofanirwa kuve akagadzirwa asina mapofu mavara Izvo zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti akasiyana matanho ekuchengetedza akabatanidzwa pamwe chete, zvikasadaro haisi nhanho dzese dzekudzivirira dzinozoitwa, zvichikonzera kutadza mune yekudzivirira yekudzivirira chishandiso.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, tambo dzegirazi fiber dzinoshandiswa kufambisa mitsara yeIT mumhepo turbine uye yekubatanidza makabati ekudzora kubva panhare yeshongwe kuenda kunacelle. Iyo cabling pakati peactuator uye sensors uye ekudzora makabati inoitwa neyakavharidzirwa tambo dzemhangura. Sezvo kupindirana nemagetsi emagetsi zvakasiyiwa, tambo dzegirazi fiber hadzifanirwe kudzivirirwa nevanosungwa kunze kwekunge girazi fiber tambo ine shefu yesimbi iyo inofanirwa kuve yakabatana yakanangana neayo equipotential bonding kana nenzira yemidziyo yekudzivirira.

Muzhinji, inotevera inodzivirirwa mitsara yemasaini inobatanidza maactuator nema sensors ane macabineti ekudzora anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nemidziyo yekudzivirira yekuwedzera:

Mitsara yechiratidzo yenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze pane mast mast.
Mitsetse yemasaini yakafambiswa pakati penzvimbo yeacacelle uye neamogeji muhubhu.
Mitsara yechiratidzo yeiyo pombi system.

Mitsara yechiratidzo yenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze

Mitsetse yemasaini (4 - 20 mA maficha) pakati pemaseru enzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze uye switchgear kabhini inoendeswa kubva kuLPZ 0B kuenda kuLPZ 2 uye inogona kudzivirirwa nenzira yeFLD2-24. Idzi nzvimbo-yekuchengetedza yakasungwa yakasungwa inodzivirira maviri kana mana mitsara imwe chete neakajairika mareferenzi kugona pamwe asina kuenzana nzvimbo uye anowanikwa akananga kana asina kunangana nhoo ivhu. Maviri anochinjika echinyakare zviteshi zvechigarire yakaderera-impedance nhovo kusangana neyakavharidzirwa uye isina kudzivirirwa divi remusungwa anoshandiswa pakudzivirira pasi.

Rabhoritari bvunzo maererano neIEC 61400-24

IEC 61400-24 inotsanangura nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekuyedza mameseji ekudzivirira maitiro emagetsi emhepo:

Munguva yekufungidzira kwazvino bvunzo pasi pemamiriro ekushanda, mafungu ekumhanyisa kana magetsi emheni akasarudzika anojowa mumitsetse yega yeanodzora system apo magetsi emagetsi aripo. Mukuita kudaro, iyo michina inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kusanganisira ese maPSD anoiswa pasi pekufungidzira kwazvino bvunzo.
Yechipiri bvunzo nzira inoteedzera iyo yemagetsi mhedzisiro mheni yemagetsi yemagetsi (LEMPs). Mheni izere irimo jekiseni muchimiro chinoburitsa mheni yazvino uye hunhu hwesisitimu yemagetsi inoongororwa nenzira yekufananidza iyo cabling pasi pemamiriro ekushanda sezvazviri sezvazvinogona. Iyo mheni yazvino kukwira ndiyo yakasarudzika test paramende.