Mheni yazvino kuwedzera uye kudzivirirwa kwekudzivirira

Mheni yazvino kuwedzera uye kudzivirirwa kwekudzivirira

Kupfuura simba kwemamiriro ekunze
Tsananguro dzekuwedzeredza

Kuwedzeredza (mune system) chero magetsi pakati pechimwe chikamu conductor nepasi kana pakati pevatambi vechikamu vane yakakwira kukosha inopfuura iyo inoenderana yepamusoro yeakakwira voltage yemidziyo tsananguro kubva kuInternational Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV 604-03-09)

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuwedzeredza

Kuwedzeredza imhepo kupisa kwemhepo kana wave inoiswa pamusoro pemagetsi akayerwa enetiweki (ona Fig. J1)

Rudzi rwekuwandisa kwemhepo hunoratidzwa ne (ona Fig. J2):

• iyo nguva yekumuka tf (mu μs);
• gradient S (mu kV / μs).

Kuwedzeredza kunovhiringidza michina uye kunogadzira magetsi emagetsi. Zvakare, iyo nguva yekuwedzererwa (T) inokonzeresa simba paseketi yemagetsi iyo inogona kuparadza michina.
Fig. J2 - Huru hunhu hwehuwandu hwemhepo

Mhando ina dzekudarika dzinogona kukanganisa kuiswa kwemagetsi nemitoro:

• Kuchinja mapurazi: yakakwira-frequency kuwanda kana kuputika kwekuputika (ona Fig. J1) inokonzerwa neshanduko mune yakadzikama-mamiriro mune yemagetsi network (panguva yekushanda kweswitchgear).
• Simba-frequency overvoltages: kuwanda kweiyo yakafanana frequency senge network (50, 60, kana 400 Hz) inokonzerwa neshanduko yechigarire yenyika mune network (zvichitevera chikanganiso: kupomhodza mhosva, kuparara kwemutungamiriri asina kwazvakarerekera, nezvimwewo).
• Kukwidziridzwa kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwemagetsi: zvakapfupika zvakapetwa (mashoma nanoseconds) ehurefu hwakanyanya hunokonzerwa nekuburitswa kwemagetsi emagetsi (semuenzaniso, munhu anofamba pamusoro petiputi ine inodziya inotsikwa nemagetsi nemagetsi emagetsi akati wandei).
• Kupindirana kwemamiriro ekunze.

Kuwedzeredza hunhu hwemamiriro ekunze

Kupenya kwemheni mune mashoma manhamba: Kupenya kwemheni kunogadzira huwandu hwakakura kwazvo hwesimba remagetsi (ona Mufananidzo J4)

• yezviuru zvemazana amperes (uye zviuru nezviuru volts)
• yeakawandisa frequency (ingangoita 1 megahertz)
• yenguva pfupi (kubva pa microsecond kusvika millisecond)

Pakati pe2000 ne5000 madutu ari kugara achiumbwa pasi rese. Madutu aya anoperekedzwa nekurohwa nemheni inomiririra njodzi huru kuvanhu nemidziyo. Kupenya kwemheni kunorova pasi paavhareji yemakumi matatu kusvika zana ezviuru pasekondi, kureva kuti mabhiriyoni matatu kurohwa kwemheni pagore

Tafura iri muMufananidzo J3 inoratidza mamwe maratidziro emheni nemukana wavo wakanangana. Sezvinoonekwa, 50% yemakaro emheni ane zvazvino zvinodarika 35 kA uye 5% yazvino inodarika zana kA. Simba rinoburitswa neshamhu yemheni saka rakanyanya kukwirira.

Fig. J3 - Enzaniso dzemheni dzinoburitsa hunhu dzakapihwa neIEC 62305-1 standard (2010 - Tafura A.3)

Fig. J4 - Muenzaniso wemheni yemagetsi

Mheni inokonzeresa huwandu hwakawanda hwemoto, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekurima (kuparadza dzimba kana kudziita dzisina kukodzera kushandiswa). Zvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro zvinonyanya kubata mheni.

Mhedzisiro pakuiswa kwemagetsi

Mheni inokanganisa magetsi nemagetsi sisitimu kunyanya: ma transformer, metres yemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi pane ese pekugara nemaindasitiri.

Mari yekugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa nemheni yakanyanya kwazvo. Asi zvakaoma kwazvo kuongorora mhedzisiro ye:

• kukanganiswa kunokonzerwa nemakomputa uye nharembozha network;
• zvinokanganisa zvinogadzirwa mukumhanya kwezvirongwa zvinogadziriswa zvine hungwaru zvirongwa uye masystem ekudzora.

Zvakare, mutengo wekushomeka kwekushandisa unogona kuve wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kukosha kwemidziyo yakaparadzwa.

Kurohwa nemheni kunokanganisa

Mheni chinhu chepamusoro-frequency chemagetsi chinokonzeresa kuwanda kwezvinhu zvese zvinoitisa, kunyanya pamagetsi cabling nemidziyo.

Mheni dzinorova dzinogona kukanganisa magetsi (uye / kana emagetsi) masisitimu echivako munzira mbiri:

• nekukanganisa kwakananga kwekurova kwemheni pachivako (ona Fig. J5 a);
• nemhedzisiro isina kunanga yekurova kwemheni pachivako.
• Kurohwa nemheni kunogona kuwira pamusoro wepamusoro wemagetsi tambo inopa chivakwa (ona Fig. J5 b). Iyo yekuwandisa uye yekuwandisa kwemhepo inogona kupararira akati wandei makiromita kubva padanho rekukanganisa.
• Kurohwa nemheni kunogona kuwira padyo netambo yemagetsi (ona Fig. J5 c). Iyo magetsi emagetsi emagetsi emheni yazvino inoburitsa yakakwira yazvino uye yekuwedzeredza pane yemagetsi magetsi network. Muzviitiko zviviri zvekupedzisira, mafungu ane njodzi uye ma voltages anotapuriranwa netiweki yekupa magetsi.

Kurohwa nemheni kunogona kuwira padyo nechivakwa (ona Fig. J5 d). Iko kugona kwepasi kwakatenderedza poindi yekukwira kunokwira zvine njodzi.

Fig. J5 - Mhando dzakasiyana dzemheni dzinobata

Muzviitiko zvese, mhedzisiro yekuisirwa magetsi nemitoro zvinogona kunge zvichishamisa.

Fig. J6 - Mhedzisiro yemheni yekurova sitiroko

Mheni inowira pachivako chisina kuchengetedzwa.	Mheni inowira padyo nepamusoro pemutsara.	Mheni inowira padyo nechivakwa.
Mheni yazvino inoyerera ichienda kune yakasarudzika kana zvishoma zvimiro zvechivako zvine mhedzisiro inokuvadza. thermal mhedzisiro: Kutyisa kwakanyanya kupisa kwezvinhu, zvichikonzera moto zvemagetsi mhedzisiro thermal flashover: Iyo ine ngozi zvakanyanya pamberi pekupisa kana zvinoputika zvinhu (mahydrocarbon, guruva, nezvimwewo).	Mheni yazvino inogadzira zvinopfuura kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi mugadziriro yekuparadzira. Aya mafuturu anoparadzirwa pamwe nemutsara kuenda kumagetsi emagetsi mukati mezvivakwa.	Kurohwa nemheni kunogadzira iwo mamwe marudzi eakawandisa magetsi seaya anorondedzerwa anopikisana. Uye zvakare, iyo mheni yazvino inokwira ichidzoka kubva pasi ichiisa kumagetsi, nekudaro ichikonzera kuparara kwemidziyo
Icho chivakwa uye kuiswa mukati mechivakwa zvinowanzo kuparadzwa	Kuiswa kwemagetsi mukati mechivako kunowanzo kuparadzwa.

Iyo nzira dzakasiyana dzekuparadzira

Zvakajairika modhi

Zvakajairika-mode overvoltages inoonekwa pakati pehupenyu mararacondors nepasi: phase-to-Earth kana kwazvakarerekera-kune-pasi (ona Fig. J7). Ivo vane njodzi kunyanya kumidziyo ine furemu yakabatana nepasi nekuda kwenjodzi dzekuparara kwe dielectric.

Fig. J7 - Zvakajairika modhi

Differential muoti

Misiyano-modhi mafiro anowoneka pakati pevapenyu vafambisi:

phase-to-phase kana phase-to-neutral (ona Fig. J8). Ivo vane njodzi zvakanyanya pamidziyo yemagetsi, Hardware senge macomputer masystem, nezvimwe.

Fig. J8 - Musiyano maitiro

Hunhu hwemheni inovhuvhuta

Kuongorora kweiyo phenomena inobvumira iyo tsananguro yemhando dzemheni dzemagetsi uye mafungu emagetsi.

• 2 mhando dzazvino wave dzinoonekwa neIEC zviyero:
• 10/350 waves wave: kuratidza mafungu azvino kubva kune yakananga mheni sitiroko (ona Fig. J9);

Fig. J9 - 10/350 ndiyo wave wave

• 8/20 mafungu: kuratidza mafungu aripo kubva kune isina kunanga mheni sitiroko (ona Fig. J10).

Fig. J10 - 8/20 ndiyo wave wave

Aya maviri marudzi emheni mafungu aripo anoshandiswa kutsanangura kuyedzwa paPSDs (IEC standard 61643-11) nemidziyo yekudzivirira kumagetsi emheni.

Iyo yepamusoro kukosha kweiyo yazvino wave inoratidzira kusimba kweiyo mheni sitiroko.

Izvo zvinoputika zvinogadzirwa nemheni kurohwa zvinoratidzwa ne 1.2 / 50 voltages voltage wave (ona Fig. J11).

Rudzi urwu rwemagetsi wave rinoshandiswa kuongorora michina kumira mukuwandisa kwemamiriro ekunze (simba remhepo sekureva kweIEC 61000-4-5).

Muti. J11 - 1.2 / 50 voltages voltage wave

Nheyo yekudzivirira kwemheni
General mitemo yekudzivirira kwemheni

Maitiro ekudzivirira njodzi dzekurohwa nemheni
Iyo sisitimu yekudzivirira chivakwa kubva pamhedzisiro yemheni inofanira kusanganisira:

• kudzivirirwa kwezvivakwa pakurwisa kwakananga mheni;
• kudzivirirwa kwekuisirwa magetsi pakurwisa kwakananga uye zvisina kunanga mheni.

Iwo musimboti wedziviriro yekuisirwa panjodzi yemheni inodzivirira simba rinokanganisa kusvika kumidziyo yakaoma. Kuti uwane izvi, zvakakosha kuti:

• tora mheni yazvino uye uiise pasi pano kuburikidza nenzira yakatwasuka (kudzivirira padyo nemidziyo inonamira);
• ita equipotential bonding yekumisikidza; Iyi equipotential bonding inoitwa neasungwa conductor, inowedzerwa neSurge Dziviriro Midziyo (SPDs) kana maburi emoto (semuenzaniso, antenna mast spark spark).
• kudzora zvinokonzereswa uye zvisina kunangana mhedzisiro nekuisa maPSD uye / kana mafirita. Maitiro maviri ekudzivirira anoshandiswa kubvisa kana kudzikisira kuwanda: ivo vanozivikanwa senzira yekudzivirira chivakwa (yekunze kwezvivakwa) uye negadziriro yemagetsi yekuisa (yemukati mezvivakwa).

Kuvaka dziviriro sisitimu

Basa reiyo chivakwa chekudzivirira sisitimu ndeyekuchidzivirira kubva pakanangana nemheni dzemheni.
Iyo sisitimu ine:

• iyo yekutora chishandiso: iyo mheni yekudzivirira system;
• pasi-makondakita akagadzirirwa kuratidza mheni iripo pasi pano;
• "Tsoka yegunguo" pasi rinotungamira rakabatana pamwechete;
• zvinongedzo pakati pemafuremu esimbi (equipotential bonding) uye pasi rinotungamira.

Kana mheni yazvinoyerera ichiitisa conductor, kana paine misiyano inogona kuoneka pakati payo nemafuremu akabatana nepasi ari munharaunda, yekupedzisira inogona kukonzeresa zvinoparadza.

Iyo mitatu mhando yemheni yekudzivirira system
Mhando nhatu dzekuchengetedza chivakwa dzinoshandiswa:

Tsvimbo yemheni (yakapusa tsvimbo kana ine inokonzeresa system)

Tsvimbo yemheni ndeye simbi yekubata matipi yakaiswa pamusoro pechivakwa. Inovhurwa neimwe kana kupfuura ma conductor (kazhinji macircle emhangura) (ona Fig. J12).

Fig. J12 - Mheni tsvimbo (yakapusa tsvimbo kana neinotangisa system)

Iyo mheni tsvimbo ine taut waya

Idzi waya dzakatambanudzwa pamusoro pechimiro kuti dzichengetedzwe. Iwo anoshandiswa kuchengetedza akakosha zvivakwa: rocket kuvhura nzvimbo, kunyorera kwemauto uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro-voltage pamusoro pemitsara (ona Fig. J13).

Fig. J13 - Taut waya

Mucherechedzi wemheni ane meshed keji (Faraday cage)

Kudzivirirwa uku kunosanganisira kuisa akawanda pasi makondakita / matepi zvinowirirana zvakatenderedza chivakwa. (ona Mufananidzo J14).

Iyi mhando yemheni inodzivirira sisitimu inoshandiswa pazvivakwa zvakanyanya zvivakwa zvine dzimba dzakapfava senge makamuri emakomputa.

Fig. J14 - Meshed keji (Faraday keji)

Mhedzisiro yekuvaka dziviriro kumidziyo yekuisa magetsi

50% yemheni yazvino yakaburitswa neyakavakirwa dziviriro system inokwira ichidzokera kumatanho epasi emagetsi ekumisikidza (ona Fig. J15): iyo inogona kukwira yemafuremu kazhinji inodarika iyo yekumira inodzivirira kugona kwevanofambisa mune akasiyana maratidziro ( LV, kutaurirana, vhidhiyo tambo, nezvimwewo).

Zvakare, kuyerera kwazvino kuburikidza neyepasi-makondakita inogadzira yakasimudzira mafirita mune yekuisa magetsi.

Nekudaro, iyo yekudzivirira dziviriro sisitimu haichengetedze kuisirwa kwemagetsi: saka, zvinomanikidza kupa yemagetsi yekuisa dziviriro system.

Fig. J15 - Mheni yakananga kumashure kwazvino

Mheni dziviriro - Kuisa magetsi dziviriro sisitimu

Chinangwa chikuru cheiyo yekuisa magetsi yekudzivirira sisitimu ndeye kudzikamisa kuwanda kune zviyero zvinogamuchirwa pamidziyo.

Iyo yekuisa magetsi yekudzivirira system inosanganisira:

• imwe kana anopfuura SPDs zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwechivakwa;
• iyo equipotential yekubatanidza: yesimbi mesh yekufumura zvikamu zvinofambisa.

Kutevedzera

Maitiro ekudzivirira emagetsi nemagetsi emagetsi echivako anotevera.

Tsvaga ruzivo

• Ziva mitoro yese yakaoma uye nenzvimbo yadzo muchivako.
• Ziva magetsi uye emagetsi masisitimu uye avo akanangana ekupinda muchivako.
• Wongorora kana mheni inodzivirira system iriko pachivako kana padyo.
• Ziva nemitemo inoshanda kunzvimbo yechivako.
• Ongorora njodzi yekurohwa nemheni zvichienderana nenzvimbo, mhando yemagetsi, kuwanda kwemheni, nezvimwewo.

Kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa

• Isa ma bonding conductor pamapuranga nema mesh.
• Isa SPD muLV inouya switchboard.
• Isa imwe yekuwedzera SPD mune yega yega subdistribution bhodhi iri padyo nemidziyo inonamira (ona Fig. J16).

Fig. J16 - Muenzaniso wekudzivirirwa kwenzvimbo huru yekuisa magetsi

Iyo Surge Dziviriro Chishandiso (SPD)

Surge Dziviriro Midziyo (SPD) inoshandiswa kumagetsi emagetsi ekupa magetsi, nhare dzenhare, uye kutaurirana uye otomatiki ekudzora mabhazi.

Iyo Surge Dziviriro Chigadzirwa (SPD) chinhu chemagetsi gadziriso yekuchengetedza system.

Ichi chishandiso chakabatana zvinoenderana padunhu rekugovera magetsi yemitoro iyo yainofanira kuchengetedza (ona Fig. J17). Iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa pamatanho ese eanopa magetsi network.

Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshanda zvakanyanya mhando yekudzivirira kwekudzivirira.

Fig. J17 - Musimboti wedziviriro system mune yakafanana

SPD yakabatana muparutivi ine yakanyanya impedance. Kana imwe nguva yekudarika kwepashure ikaonekwa mune ino sisitimu, iyo impedance yechigadzirwa inoderera saka yazvino uno inotyairwa kuburikidza nePSD, ichipfuura michina yakaoma.

Principle

SPD yakagadzirirwa kudzikisira kwenguva pfupi kukwira kwenzvimbo yemuchadenga uye kutsausa mafungu azvino pasi, kuitira kudzikisira ukuru hwekuputika uku kune kukosha kusiri kukuvadza kumisikidzwa kwemagetsi uye magetsi switchgear uye controlgear.

SPD inobvisa kudarika

• mune yakajairwa modhi, pakati pechikamu uye kwazvakarerekera kana pasi;
• nenzira yekusiyanisa, pakati pechikamu uye kwazvakarerekera.

Muchiitiko chemhepo inopfuura mwero unoshanda, iyo SPD

• inoitisa simba repasi, nenzira yakafanana;
• inogovera simba kune mamwe mhenyu makondakita, munzira dzakasiyana.

Aya matatu marudzi eSDD

Tora 1 SPD
Iyo Type 1 SPD inokurudzirwa mune yakasarudzika kesi yebasa-chikamu uye maindasitiri zvivakwa, zvakachengetedzwa neyemheni inodzivirira system kana meshed keji.
Inodzivirira kuiswa kwemagetsi pakurwisa kwakananga mheni. Inogona kuburitsa iyo yekumashure-yazvino kubva kumheni ichipararira kubva kune yepasi conductor kuenda kune network network.
Type 1 SPD inozivikanwa ne10 / 350 µs yazvino wave.

Tora 2 SPD
Iyo Type 2 SPD ndiyo huru dziviriro sisitimu kune ese akadzika magetsi magetsi kuisa. Yakaiswa mune yega switchboard yemagetsi, inodzivirira kupararira kweanowanda magetsi mumidziyo yemagetsi uye inodzivirira mitoro.
Type 2 SPD inozivikanwa ne8 / 20 currents yazvino wave.

Tora 3 SPD
Aya maSPD ane yakaderera kuburitsa inokwana. Ivo vanofanirwa saka zvinomanikidzwa kuiswa sechiwedzera kune Rudzi rwechipiri SPD uye padyo nemitoro yakaoma.
Type 3 SPD inoratidzirwa nemubatanidzwa wemagetsi mafungu (1.2 / 50 μs) uye mafungu azvino (8/20 μs).

SPD yakajairwa tsananguro

Fig. J18 - SPD yakajairwa tsananguro

Ongorora 1: Kune T1 + T2 SPD (kana Type 1 + 2 SPD) kubatanidza kuchengetedzwa kwemitoro pakurwisa uye zvisina kunanga mheni mheni.

Tarira 2: imwe T2 SPD inogona zvakare kuziviswa seT3

Unhu hwePSD

International standard IEC 61643-11 Edition 1.0 (03/2011) inotsanangura hunhu uye bvunzo dzeSPD dzakabatana neepasi magetsi ekuparadzira masystem (ona Fig. J19).

Mune girini, iyo yakachengetedzwa inoshanda renji yeiyo SPD.
Fig. J19 - Nguva / yazvino hunhu hwePSD ine varistor

Hunhu hwakajairika

• U_C: Maximum inoenderera inoshanda voltage. Iyi ndiyo AC kana DC voltage pamusoro iyo iyo SPD inova inoshanda. Iyi kukosha inosarudzwa zvinoenderana neyakatemerwa magetsi uye nehurongwa hwepasi kurongeka.
• U_P: Voltage dziviriro nhanho (paI_n). Iyi ndiyo yakakwira magetsi kumatanho etemu ePSD painenge ichishanda. Aya magetsi anosvika kana iyezvino kuyerera muPSD kwakaenzana neI. Iyo voltage yekudzivirira danho rakasarudzwa rinofanirwa kunge riri pazasi peiyo yekuwandisa voltage inomira kugona kwemitoro. Kana zvikaitika mheni inorova, iwo voltage pamatanho eTPD anowanzo sara ari mashoma pane U_P.
• Mune: Zita rekubuda parizvino. Uku ndiko kukoshesa kwepamusoro kwerazvino kwe8 / 20 waves waveform iyo iyo SPD inokwanisa kuburitsa yakaderera ka19 nguva.

Nei yakakosha?
In inowirirana neyezita rekubuditsa yazvino iyo iyo SPD inogona kumira kanokwana ka19: kukosha kwakakwirira kweIn zvinoreva hupenyu hwakareba hwePSD, saka zvinokurudzirwa zvakasimba kusarudza hunhu hwakakwirira kupfuura hushoma hwakaiswa kukosha hwe5 kA.

Tora 1 SPD

• I_imp: Impulse yazvino. Uku ndiko kukwirira kwepamusoro kwerazvino kwe10 / 350 waves waveform iyo iyo SPD inokwanisa kuburitsa kuburitsa kamwechete nguva.

Sei ndiri_imp zvakakosha?
IEC 62305 yakajairwa inoda huwandu hwekukanganisa kwazvino kukosha kwe25 kA padanda kune matatu-chikamu system. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune 3P + N network iyo SPD inokwanisa kukwanisa kumiririra huwandu hwakawanda hwekufungidzira hwazvino hwe100kA ichibva pasi kusunga.

• I_fi: Autoextinguish tevera yazvino. Inoshanda chete kune yekupararira gwanza tekinoroji. Iyi ndiyo yazvino (50 Hz) iyo iyo SPD inokwanisa kuzvikanganisa pachayo mushure mekupfura. Ino yazvino inofanirwa kugara iri hombe kupfuura inotarisirwa ipfupi-redunhu razvino panzvimbo yekumisikidzwa.

Tora 2 SPD

• Imax: Maximum buditsa yazvino. Iyi ndiyo yepamusoro kukosha kweiyo ikozvino ye8 / 20 waves waveform iyo iyo SPD inokwanisa kuburitsa kamwe.

Nei Imax yakakosha?
Kana iwe uchifananidza 2 SPDs neiyo yakafanana In, asi neImax dzakasiyana: iyo SPD ine yepamusoro Imax kukosha ine yakakwira "yekuchengetedza margin" uye inogona kumira yakakwira yekuwedzera yazvino pasina kukuvara.

Tora 3 SPD

• U_OC: Vhura-wedunhu magetsi anoshandiswa panguva yekirasi III (Type 3) bvunzo.

Main mafomu

• Yakadzika Voltage SPD. Midziyo yakasiyana kwazvo, kubva kune ese eetekinoroji uye ekushandisa maonero, anosarudzwa nezwi iri. Low voltage SPDs ndeye modular kuti iiswe nyore mukati meLV switchboards. Kune zvakare maSPD anochinjika kune zvigadziko zvemagetsi, asi izvi zvishandiso zvine yakaderera kuburitsa inokwana.

• SPD yekutaurirana network. Aya majaira anodzivirira nharembozha, akachinjisa maratidziro uye otomatiki ekudzora maratidziro (bhazi) kubva kune overvoltages anouya achibva kunze (mheni) uye ayo emukati kune magetsi magetsi network (inosvibisa michina, switchgear mashandiro, nezvimwewo). Aya maSPD akaiswawo muRJ11, RJ45,… zvinongedzo kana kubatanidzwa mumitoro.

Notes

1. Kwayedza kuteedzana zvinoenderana neyakajairwa IEC 61643-11 yeSPD yakavakirwa paMOV (varistor). Hwerengedzo yemirangariro 19 muI_n:

• Imwe pfungwa yakanaka
• Imwe pfungwa yakaipa
• 15 mafungiro anowirirana pane ese 30 ° pane iyo 50 Hz voltage
• Imwe pfungwa yakanaka
• Imwe pfungwa yakaipa

2. yemhando 1 SPD, mushure mezviitiko gumi neshanu paI_n (ona chinyorwa chekare):

• Kufungidzira kumwe ku0.1 x x ini_imp
• Kufungidzira kumwe ku0.25 x x ini_imp
• Kufungidzira kumwe ku0.5 x x ini_imp
• Kufungidzira kumwe ku0.75 x x ini_imp
• Imwe pfungwa pandiri_imp

Dhizaini yemagetsi yekuisa yekudzivirira system
Dhizaina mitemo yemagetsi yekuisa yekudzivirira system

Kuchengetedza kuiswa kwemagetsi muchivako, mitemo yakapusa inoshanda kune sarudzo ye

• SPD (s);
• maitiro ayo ekudzivirira.

Yesimba rekuparadzira magetsi, iwo maitiro makuru anoshandiswa kutsanangura mheni yekudzivirira system uye sarudza SPD yekudzivirira kuiswa kwemagetsi muchivako ndeiyi:

• SPD
• huwandu hweSPD
• mhando
• nhanho yekuratidzwa kutsanangura iyo yakanyanya SPD kuburitsa ikozvino Imax.
• Iyo pfupi wedunhu dziviriro mudziyo
• kunonyanyisa kuburitsa ikozvino Imax;
• ipfupi-redunhu razvino Isc kusvika pakuiswa.

Iyo logic dhayagiramu muMufananidzo J20 pazasi inoratidza iyi dhizaini mutemo.

Fig. J20 - Logic dhayagiramu yekusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira

Humwe hunhu hwesarudzo yeSPD yakatsanangurwa yekuisirwa magetsi.

• nhamba yematanda muSPD;
• voltage kudzivirira chikamu U_P;
• U_C: Maximum inoenderera inoshanda voltage.

Ichi chidimbu-chikamu Dhizaini yemagetsi yekuisa dziviriro sisitimu inotsanangura zvakadzama nzira yekutarisisa sisitimu yekudzivirira zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekuisa, midziyo inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa uye nharaunda.

Zvimiro zvedziviriro system

SPD inofanira kugara ichiiswa panotangira kumisikidzwa kwemagetsi.

Nzvimbo uye mhando yeSPD

Mhando yeSPD yekumisikidzwa pakatangira kuisirwa zvinoenderana nekuti mheni yekudzivirira yemheni iriko here kana kuti kwete. Kana chivakwa chacho chakakomberedzwa nemheni inodzivirira system (sezvazviri IEC 62305), Type 1 SPD inofanira kuiswa.

Kune SPD yakaiswa pamucheto unouya wekumisikidza, iyo IEC 60364 yekumisikidza zviyero zvinowisa pasi zvishoma kukosha kweanotevera maviri maitiro.

• Zita rekuti kubuda ikozvino I_n = 5 kA (8/20) ;s;
• Voltage dziviriro nhanho U_P(pandiri_n) <2.5 kV.

Huwandu hwedzimwe SPDs dzekuiswa hunogadzwa ne:

• saizi saiti uye kuomarara kwekuisa ma bonding conductor. Panzvimbo dzakakura, zvakakosha kuisa iyo SPD kumagumo ari kuuya eese subdistribution yakavharirwa.
• chinhambwe chinoparadzanisa mitoro inonzwisisika kuti ichengetedzwe kubva kune inouya magumo ekudzivirira mudziyo. Kana iyo mitoro ikawanikwa anopfuura gumi mamaira kubva kune inouya-kumagumo dziviriro mudziyo, zvinodikanwa kupa imwe yekuwedzera dziviriro padyo padyo sezvinobvira kune inoremedza mitoro. Izvo zvinoitika zvekuratidzira kwemasaisai zviri kuwedzera kubva pamamita gumi kuona Kupararira kwemheni inopenya
• njodzi yekubuda pachena. Panyaya yenzvimbo iri pachena kwazvo, iyo inouya-kumagumo SPD haigone kuona ese ari maviri kuyerera kukuru kwemheni kwazvino uye yakakwana yakaderera magetsi ekudzivirira mwero. Kunyanya, Type 1 SPD inowanzo kuperekedzwa neRudzi rwechipiri SPD.

Tafura iri mumufananidzo J21 pazasi inoratidza huwandu uye mhando yeSPD yekumisikidzwa pahwaro hwezvinhu zviviri zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro.

Fig. J21 - Iwo mana kesi ePSD kuitiswa

Kudzivirirwa kwakagoverwa mazinga

Akawanda ekudzivirira mazinga ePSD anotendera simba kuti rigovaniswe pakati peakawanda maPSD, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo J22 umo matatu marudzi ePSD anopiwa:

• Type 1: kana chivakwa chikagadzirwa nemheni yekudzivirira system uye iri kumagumo ari kuuya eiyo yekumisikidza, inotora yakakura kwazvo huwandu hwesimba;
• Tora 2: inotora zvakasara zvinowedzera;
• Type 3: inopa "yakanaka" dziviriro kana zvichidikanwa kune inonyanya kuomarara michina iri padyo padyo nemitoro.

Ongorora: Iyo Type 1 uye 2 SPD inogona kusanganiswa mune imwechete SPD
Fig. J22 - Kwakanaka dziviriro mapurani

Zvakajairika hunhu hwePSDs zvinoenderana neyakaisirwa hunhu
Kunonyanyisa kuenderera kushanda voltage Uc

Zvichienderana nesisitimu yepasi kurongeka, iwo akanyanya kuenderera anoshanda magetsi voltage U_C yeSPD inofanira kunge yakaenzana kana yakakura kudarika kukosha kwakaratidzwa mutafura muMufananidzo J23.

Fig. J23 - Yakatemerwa yakaderera kukosha yeU_C yeSPDs zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwepasi kurongeka (zvichibva paTafura 534.2 yeIEC 60364-5-53 standard)

N / A: hazvishande
U: mutsara-kune-mutsara voltage yemhando yepasi-voltage system
a. aya maitiro ane hukama nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa-kesi, nekudaro kushivirira kwe10% hakufungiwe.

Iwo akanyanya kukosheswa maitiro eUC akasarudzwa zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwepasi kurongeka.
TT, TN: 260, 320, 340, 350 V
IT: 440, 460 V

Voltage dziviriro nhanho U_P (pandiri_n)

Iyo IEC 60364-4-44 standard inobatsira pamwe nesarudzo yedanho rekudzivirira Kumusoro kweiyo SPD mukushanda kwemitoro inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa. Tafura yeMufananidzo J24 inoratidza kushushikana kwekumira kugona kwese kwese mhando yemidziyo.

Fig. J24 - Inodikanwa yakarongwa yekumanikidza simba remidziyo Uw (tafura 443.2 yeIEC 60364-4-44)

a. Zvinoenderana neIEC 60038: 2009.
b. Iyi yakatarwa yekumanikidza voltage inoiswa pakati pehupenyu mararami uye PE.
c. MuCanada neUSA, kune voltages pasi rakakwira kupfuura 300 V, iyo yakatarwa yekumanikidza magetsi anoenderana neanotevera akakwira magetsi mune ino mbiru anoshanda.
d. Kune IT masisitimu mashandiro pa220-240 V, iyo 230/400 mutsara ichashandiswa, nekuda kwemhepo yepasi pasi kukanganisa kwepasi pane imwe tambo.

Fig. J25 - Overvoltage chikamu chemidziyo

	Zvishandiso zvechikamu chevoltage ini ndinongokodzera kushandiswa mune yakatarwa kumisikidzwa kwezvivakwa panoshandiswa nzira dzekudzivirira kunze kwemidziyo - kudzora kuwanda kwepadiki kune yakatarwa nhanho. Mienzaniso yemidziyo yakadaro ndeiya ine maseketi emagetsi semakomputa, zvishandiso zvine zvirongwa zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.
	Midziyo yekuwedzeredza chikamu II inokodzera kubatika kune yakamisikidzwa magetsi kumisikidzwa, ichipa yakajairika degree yekuwanika inowanzo fanirwa kune yazvino-kushandisa michina. Mienzaniso yemidziyo yakadaro michina yemumba nemitoro yakafanana.
	Midziyo yekuwedzeredza chikamu chechitatu ndeyekushandisa mune yakatarwa yekumisikidza kuzasi kwe, uye inosanganisira iyo huru yekugovera bhodhi, ichipa huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuwanikwa. Mienzaniso yemidziyo yakadaro mabhodhi ekuparadzira, anotsemura masekondi, masisitimu ewiring anosanganisira tambo, mabhazi-bhawa, mabhokisi ejokoni, switch, masokisi-masokisi) mune yekumisikidza yekumisikidza, nemidziyo yekushandisa kwemaindasitiri uye zvimwe zvishandiso, semota dzinomira zvachose kubatanidza kune yakatarwa kuisirwa.
	Midziyo yekuwedzeredza chikamu IV inokodzera kushandiswa pa, kana padyo ne, kwakatangira kumisikidzwa, semuenzaniso kumusoro kwebhodhi rekuparadzira. Mienzaniso yemidziyo yakadaro magetsi metres, ekutanga macomputer ekudzivirira macomputer, uye ripple control mayuniti.

Iyo "yakaiswa" U_P mashandiro anofanirwa kufananidzwa pamwe nekusagadzikana kwekumira kugona kwemitoro.

SPD ine voltage yekudzivirira nhanho U_P icho chiri chemukati, kureva kutsanangurwa uye kuyedzwa zvakazvimiririra nekuisirwa kwayo. Mukuita, yesarudzo yeU_P mashandiro eSDD, margoti ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kutorwa kuti abvumidze kuwanda kuri mukati meiyo kuiswa kwePSD (ona Mufananidzo J26 uye Kubatana kweSurge Kudzivirirwa Kudzivirira).

Fig. J26 - Yakaiswa U_P

Iyo "yakaiswa" voltage yekudzivirira nhanho U_P inowanzo gamuchirwa kuchengetedza michina inonetsekana muna 230/400 V kuisa magetsi i2.5 kV (overvoltage category II, ona Fig. J27).

Cherechedza:
Kana iyo yakatarwa voltage chengetedzo danho risingakwanisike kuburikidza neinouya-magumo SPD kana kana akaomarara michina zvinhu zviri kure (ona Zvimiro zvedziviriro system # Nzvimbo uye mhando yeSpD Nzvimbo uye mhando yeSPD, yakawedzera yakarongedzwa SPD inofanira kuiswa kuti ibudirire chinodiwa chekudzivirira.

Nhamba yematanda

• Zvichienderana nesisitimu yepasi kurongeka, zvinodikanwa kupa iyo SPD yekuvakisa kuona kudzivirirwa mune yakafanana-modhi (CM) uye musiyano-modhi (DM).

Fig. J27 - Kudzivirirwa kunoda zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwepasi kurongeka

a. Iko kudzivirirwa pakati pechikamu uye kwazvakarerekera zvinogona kuiswa mune iyo SPD yakaiswa panotangira iko kuiswa kana kudzoserwa padyo nemidziyo inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa.
b. Kana kwazvakarerekera zvichiparadzirwa

Cherechedza:

Yakajairika-modhi yekuwedzeredza
Imwe nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira ndeyekuisa SPD mune yakajairika modhi pakati pezvikamu uye PE (kana PEN) kondakita, chero rudzi rwehurongwa hwepasi kurongeka kwakashandiswa.

Kusiyanisa-modhi overvoltage
MuTT uye TN-S masisitimu, ivhu rekusarerekera kunogumira mukuyera nekuda kwepasipo impedances iyo inotungamira mukuonekwa kwemasiyano-modhiyo voltages, kunyangwe iwo ovhirivhosi akakonzerwa nekurohwa nemheni zvakajairika-modhi.

2P, 3P uye 4P SPDs
(ona Fig. J28)
Izvi zvinoenderana neIT, TN-C, TN-CS masisitimu.
Ivo vanopa dziviriro kungo pokana neyakajairika-mode overvoltages

Muonde. J28 - 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P SPDs

1P + N, 3P + N SPDs
(ona Fig. J29)
Izvi zvinogadziriswa kuTT uye TN-S masisitimu.
Ivo vanopa chengetedzo kubva kune yakajairika-modhi uye musiyano-modhi kuwanda

Muonde. J29 - 1P + N, 3P + N SPDs

Kusarudzwa kweRudzi 1 SPD
Kufuridzira yazvino Iimp

• Iko kusina mirawo yenyika kana mirau yakatarwa yerudzi rwechivakwa chinofanira kudzivirirwa: simba razvino Iimp rinofanira kunge riine 12.5 kA (10/350 µs wave) pabazi rimwe maererano neIEC 60364-5-534.
• Iko kunowanikwa mirau: standard IEC 62305-2 inotsanangura mana mazinga: I, II, III uye IV

Tafura iri muMufananidzo J31 inoratidza iwo akasiyana mazinga eI_imp mune yekutonga nyaya.

Fig. J30 - Yekutanga muenzaniso yekuenzanisa I_imp parizvino kugoverwa mu3 phase system

Fig. J31 - Tafura yaI_imp values ​​maererano nechivako chemagetsi ekudzivirira chikamu (zvichibva paIEC / EN 62305-2)

Autoextinguish tevera yazvino I_fi

Hunhu uhwu hunoshanda chete kune maSDD ane spark gap tekinoroji. Iyo autoextinguish inotevera yazvino I_fi inofanirwa kugara iri yakakura kudarika inotarisirwa pfupi-redunhu razvino I_sc panguva yekuiswa.

Kusarudzwa kweRudzi 2 SPD
Kunonyanyisa kubuda zvino Imax

Kuburitswa kwakanyanya ikozvino Imax kunotsanangurwa zvinoenderana neanofungidzirwa mwero wekuratidzira zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yechivako.
Iko kukosha kwekukwirisa kwazvino kubuda (Imax) kunotemerwa nekuongororwa kwenjodzi (ona tafura iri muMufananidzo J32).

Fig. J32 - Yakakurudzirwa yakakwira kukanda inoyerera Imax zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuratidzira

Kusarudzwa kwekunze kwePfupi Dunhu Dziviriro Chishandiso (SCPD)

Iyo yekudzivirira michina (inopisa uye yakapfupika dunhu) inofanirwa kuve yakarongedzwa neiyo SPD kuverengera kuvimbika kushanda, kureva
chengetedza kuenderera kwebasa:

• kumira mheni mafungu aripo
• kwete kuburitsa yakawandisa yakasara voltage.

chengetedza chengetedzo inoshanda pamarudzi ese ezvakawandisa:

• kuwandisa uchitevera kupisa kwakapisa kweiyo varistor;
• ipfupi dunhu rekudzika kwakasimba (impedant);
• pfupi dunhu rekukwirira kwakanyanya.

Njodzi dzinofanirwa kudzivirirwa pakupera kwehupenyu hwePSDs
Nekuda kwekukwegura

Muchiitiko chekupera kwehupenyu nekuda kwekukwegura, kudzivirirwa kuri kwerudzi rwekupisa. SPD ine varistors inofanirwa kuve neyemukati disconnector iyo inoremadza iyo SPD.
Tarira: Kupera kwehupenyu kuburikidza nekupisa kwakapisa hakune hanya nePSD negasi rinoburitsa chubhu kana rakaputirwa gara gwanza.

Nekuda kwekukanganisa

Izvo zvikonzero zvekuguma kwehupenyu nekuda kwepfupi-redunhu kukanganisa ndezvi:

• Kunonyanyisa zvinoyerera chinzvimbo chakapfuura. Iko kukanganisa kunoguma mune yakasimba pfupi dunhu.
• Mhosho nekuda kwenzira yekuparadzira (kwazvakarerekera / danho switch, kurerekera kwazvakarerekera).
• Zvishoma nezvishoma kuora kweiyo varistor.
  Iwo maviri ekupedzisira kukanganisa kunoguma neyakaganhurirwa pfupi dunhu.
  Iyo yekumisikidza inofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva kukuvadzwa kunobva kune aya marudzi ekukanganisa: iyo yemukati (yekupisa) disconnector yakatsanangurwa pamusoro haina nguva yekudziya, saka kuti ishande.
  Chishandiso chakakosha chinonzi "zvekunze Pfupi Dunhu Dziviriro Chishandiso (zvekunze SCPD)", inokwanisa kubvisa iyo pfupi dunhu, inofanirwa kuiswa. Inogona kuitiswa nedunhu mudariki kana fiyuzi mudziyo.

Hunhu hwekunze SCPD

Iyo yekunze SCPD inofanirwa kuve yakarongedzwa neiyo SPD. Yakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvipingamupinyi zviviri zvinotevera:

Mheni yazvino inomira

Mheni yazvino inomira yakakosha hunhu hwePSD yekunze Ipfupi Circuit Dziviriro Chishandiso.
Iyo yekunze SCPD haifanire kukwira pamusoro gumi neshanu anoteedzana ekumanikidza mafungu kuIn.

Ipfupi-redunhu razvino rinomira

• Iko kutyora kugona kunoonekwa nemitemo yekumisikidza (IEC 60364 standard):
  Iyo yekunze SCPD inofanirwa kuve neyakaganhurwa inokwana kana yakakura kudarika inotarisirwa ipfupi-redunhu razvino Isc panzvimbo yekumisikidza (zvinoenderana neIEC 60364 standard).
• Kudzivirirwa kwekuiswa pamusoro pemaseketi mapfupi
  Kunyanya, iyo impedant pfupi dunhu inoparadzira yakawanda simba uye inofanirwa kubviswa nekukurumidza kwazvo kudzivirira kukanganisa kuisirwa uye kune iyo SPD.
  Kushamwaridzana kwakanaka pakati peSPD neiyo yekunze SCPD inofanirwa kupihwa nemugadziri.

Kuisa modhi yekunze SCPD
Mudziyo "wakateedzana"

Iyo SCPD inorondedzerwa se "inoteedzana" (ona Fig. J33) apo dziviriro inoitwa neyakajairika dziviriro chishandiso chenetiweki kuti ichengetedzwe (semuenzaniso, kubatanidza wedunhu mudariki kumusoro kwenzvimbo yekuisirwa).

Fig. J33 - SCPD "munhevedzano"

Mudziyo "mukufanana"

Iyo SCPD inorondedzerwa se "in parallel" (ona Fig. J34) apo dziviriro inoitwa zvakanyanya nechidziviriro mudziyo unobatana nePSD.

• Iyo yekunze SCPD inonzi "kudimbura redunhu mudariki" kana basa racho richiitwa nemutambi wedunhu.
• Iyo yekudambura yedunhu mudariki inogona kana inogona kunge isingabatanidzwe muPSD.

Fig. J34 - SCPD "yakafanana"

Cherechedza:
Muchiitiko cheSPD ine gasi inoburitsa chubhu kana yakavharirwa gwanza, iyo SCPD inobvumira iyo yazvino kuti icheke pakarepo mushure mekushandisa.

Guarantee yekudzivirira

Iyo yekunze SCPD inofanirwa kuve yakarongedzwa neiyo SPD uye kuyedzwa uye kuvimbiswa nemugadziri weSPD zvinoenderana nezvakakurudzirwa neIEC 61643-11 standard. Inofanirwawo kuiswa zvinoenderana nezvakataurwa nemugadziri. Semuenzaniso, ona iwo Magetsi SCPD + SPD matafura ekubatanidza.

Kana chishandiso ichi chakabatanidzwa, kuenderana nechigadzirwa chiyero IEC 61643-11 inongo chengetedza kuchengetedza.

Fig. J35 - SPDs neyekunze SCPD, isiri-yakasanganiswa (iC60N + iPRD 40r) uye yakasanganiswa (iQuick PRD 40r)

Pfupiso yekunze SCPD maitiro

Kuongorora kwakadzama kwehunhu kunopihwa muchikamu Zvakadzama hunhu hwekunze SCPD.
Tafura iri muMufananidzo J36 inoratidza, pane semuenzaniso, pfupiso yehunhu zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekunze SCPD.

Fig. J36 - Hunhu hwekupedzisira-kwe-hupenyu dziviriro yeRudzi 2 SPD zvinoenderana nevekunze SCPDs

Kuisa modhi yekunze SCPD	Munhevedzano	Mukufanana
		Fuse kuchengetedzwa-kwakabatana	Dunhu repaburi rekudzivirira-rakabatana	Dunhu repaburi rekudzivirira rakabatanidzwa
Kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo	=	=	=	=
	SPDs inodzivirira michina zvinogutsa chero rudzi rweiyo yakabatana yekunze SCPD
Kudzivirirwa kwekumisikidzwa panopera hupenyu	-	=	+	+ +
	Hapana vimbiso yekudzivirirwa inogoneka	Vimbiso yemugadziri		Chivimbiso chakazara
		Kudzivirirwa kubva kune impedance maseketi mapfupi asina kunyatso kuvezwa	Kudzivirirwa kubva kumatunhu mapfupi kwakanyatso simbisa
Kuenderera mberi kwebasa pakupera kwehupenyu	- -	+	+	+
	Kuiswa kwakazara kwakavharwa	Iyo chete SPD dunhu yakavharwa pasi
Kugadziriswa pakupera kwehupenyu	- -	=	+	+
	Iko kudzima kwekumisikidza kunodikanwa	Shanduko yemafusi	Pakarepo kumisazve

SPD uye yekuchengetedza mudziyo tafura yekubatanidza

Tafura iri muMufananidzo J37 pazasi inoratidza kuwirirana kwekubvisa mabhureki edunhu (ekunze SCPD) yeType 1 uye 2 SPDs yeXXXMX brand yematanho ese eepfupi-wedunhu mafungu.

Kufambidzana pakati peSPD nekuparadzanisa kwayo masekete anotsemura, anoratidzwa uye anovimbiswa neMagetsi, inovimbisa chengetedzo inovimbika (mheni wave inomira, yakasimbiswa kuchengetedzwa kwemhedheni mafupi-wedunhu mafungu, nezvimwewo)

Fig. J37 - Muenzaniso wetafura yekubatanidza pakati pePSDs uye yavo yekudambura mabreak breaker. Nguva dzose tarisa kumatafura achangoburwa anopiwa nevagadziri.

Kufambisa pamwe nekumusoro kwekudzivirira michina

Kufambisa pamwe nemidziyo yekudzivirira yakawandisa
Mune yekumisikidza magetsi, yekunze SCPD chishandiso chakafanana nemidziyo yekudzivirira: izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa sarudzo uye macascading matekinoroji ehunyanzvi uye ehupfumi kugadzirisa ehurongwa hwekudzivirira.

Kufambisa pamwe nemasaisai azvino zvigadzirwa
Kana iyo SPD yakaiswa pasi pezasi kwechinhu chekudzivirira chekuvuza kwepasi, iyo yekupedzisira inofanirwa kunge iri ye "si" kana inosarudzika mhando ine hutachiona hwekudhiza mafungu einenge 3 kA (8/20 μs yazvino wave).

Kuisirwa kweSurge Kudzivirira Chishandiso
Kubatana kweSurge Kudzivirira Chishandiso

Kubatana kweSPD kune iyo mitoro kunofanirwa kuve kupfupi sezvinobvira kuitira kudzikisa kukosha kweiyo voltage dziviriro nhanho (yakaiswa kumusoro) pane zviteshi zvemidziyo yakachengetedzwa.

Hurefu hwese hwekubatana kweSPD kunetiweki uye yepasi terminal block haifanire kupfuudza 50 cm.

Imwe yemaitiro akakosha ekudzivirira michina ndeye yakanyanya magetsi ekuchengetedza (akaisirwa Kumusoro) ayo anokwanisa kumira pamidziyo yayo. Saizvozvowo, SPD inofanira kusarudzwa nemhepo inodzivirira nhanho Kumusoro kunoenderana nekudzivirira kwemidziyo (ona Fig. J38). Iyo yakazara hurefu hweiyo yekubatanidza ma conductor ndeye

L = L1 + L2 + L3.

Kune epamusoro-frequency masaisai, iyo impedance pauniti kureba kweiyi kubatana ingangoita 1 µH / m.

Nekudaro, kushandisa mutemo waLenz kune uku kubatana: =U = L di / dt

Iyo yakajairwa 8/20 µs yazvino wave, ine yazvino amplitude ye8 kA, nekudaro inogadzira kukwira kwemagetsi kwe1000 V pamita imwe yetambo.

=U = 1 x 10-6 x 8 x 103/8 x 10-6 = 1000 V

Fig. J38 - Kubatana kweSPD L <50 cm

Nekuda kweizvozvo voltage pamidziyo yemidziyo, U michina, ndeiyi:
U michina = Kumusoro + U1 + U2
Kana L1 + L2 + L3 = 50 cm, uye wave iri 8/20 withs ine amplitude ye8 kA, iyo voltage pamidziyo yezvigadzirwa ichave iri kumusoro + 500 V.

Kubatana mupurasitiki yakakomberedzwa

Mufananidzo J39 pazasi inoratidza maitiro ekubatanidza iyo SPD mupurasitiki yakavharirwa.

Fig. J39 - Muenzaniso wekubatanidza mupurasitiki yakavharika

Kubatana mune yesimbi yakakomberedzwa

Kana iri switchgear gungano mune yesimbi yakavharirwa, zvingave zvine hungwaru kubatanidza iyo SPD yakananga kune iyo simbi yakavharirwa, neyakavharirwa ichishandiswa semudziviriri conductor (ona Fig. J40).
Iyi gadziriro inoenderana neyakajairwa IEC 61439-2 uye Mugadziri weParamende anofanirwa kuona kuti hunhu hweyakavharirwa hunoita kuti izvi zvishandiswe.

Fig. J40 - Muenzaniso wekubatanidza mune yesimbi yakavharika

Kondakita muchinjiko chikamu

Chikamu chakakurudzirwa chediki conductor muchikamu chinofunga nezve:

• Iyo yakajairwa sevhisi inofanira kupihwa: Kuyerera kwemheni yazvino wave pasi peyakanyanya magetsi donhwe (50 cm mutemo).
  Ongorora: Kusiyana nekushandisa pa50 Hz, chiitiko chemheni chiri chakakwira-frequency, kuwedzera kwechikamu chemuchinjikwa chikamu hachideredze zvakanyanya kukwirisa kwayo kwakawanda-kwakawanda.
• Iwo ma conductor anomira kune mapfupi-masekondi mafirita: Mufambisi anofanirwa kuramba pfupi-redunhu parizvino panguva yekukwirira yekudzivirira system cutoff nguva.
  IEC 60364 inokurudzira pakuisa kuri kuuya kunopera chikamu chidiki chemuchinjikwa we:
• 4 mm2 (Cu) yekubatanidza Rudzi rwechipiri SPD;
• 16 mm2 (Cu) yekubatanidza Rudzi rwekutanga SPD (kuvapo kwemheni yekudzivirira system).

Mienzaniso yezvakanaka nezvakaipa SPD kuiswa

Fig. J41 - Mienzaniso yezvakanaka uye zvakaipa SPD kuiswa

Dhizaini yekumisikidza dhizaini inofanira kuitwa zvinoenderana nemitemo yekuisa: tambo kureba kunofanira kunge kuri pasi pe50 cm.

Cabling mitemo yeSurge Dziviriro Chishandiso
Mutemo 1

Mutemo wekutanga kutevedzera ndewekuti kureba kwekubatana kweSPD pakati penetiweki (kuburikidza neiyo yekunze SCPD) uye yekuvharisa terminal block haifanire kupfuura makumi mashanu emakumi mashanu.
Mufananidzo J42 inoratidza mikana miviri yekubatana kwePSD.
Fig. J42 - SPD ine yakaparadzana kana yakasanganiswa yekunze SCPD

Mutemo 2

Iwo ma conductor evadziviriri vanobuda vanopa feeder

• inofanirwa kuve inofambidzana nemateminari eiyo ekunze SCPD kana iyo SPD;
• inofanirwa kupatsanurwa panyama kubva kune vakasviba vanouya makondakita.

Ivo vari kurudyi kwetemu dzeSPD uye iyo SCPD (ona Mufananidzo J43).

Fig. J43 - Kubatana kwevanodzivirirwa vanobuda vanodyisa vari kurudyi kwemaSPD zviteshi

Mutemo 3

Chikamu chinouya chekudya, chisina kwachakarerekera, uye chidziviriro (PE) makondakita vanofanirwa kumhanyisa mumwe padivi peumwe kuitira kudzikisa chiuno chepamusoro (ona Fig. J44).

Mutemo 4

Iwo ma conductor anouya eSPD anofanirwa kunge ari kure kubva kune akadzivirirwa anobuda ma conductor kudzivirira kuvasvibisa nekubatanidza (ona Fig. J44).

Mutemo 5

Tambo dzinofanirwa kupetwa dzichipesana nenhengo dzesimbi dzeyakavharirwa (kana paine) kuitira kuti ideredze pamusoro pechidzitiro uye nekudaro ubatsirwe nemhedzisiro yekudzivirira kukanganiswa kweME.

Muzviitiko zvese, inofanirwa kutariswa kuti mafuremu e switchboard uye yakavharirwa zvakavhurwa kuburikidza nekubatana kupfupi.

Chekupedzisira, kana tambo dzakadzivirirwa dzikashandiswa, marefu marefu anofanirwa kudzivirirwa, nekuti anoderedza kugona kwekudzivirira (ona Fig. J44).

Fig. J44 - Muenzaniso wekuvandudzwa kweEMC nekudzikiswa kwenzvimbo dze loop uye yakajairwa impedance mune yemagetsi yakavharirwa

Kuchengetedzwa kwekudzivirira Mienzaniso yekushandisa

SPD yekushandisa muenzaniso muSupermarket

Fig. J46 - Telecommunication network

Mhinduro uye dhizaini dhizaini

• Yekusimudzira yekusunga gwaro raita kuti zvikwanise kuona chaiyo chaiyo yeanosunga anosunga pamagumo ari kuuya ekumisikidza uye neayo anofambidzana nekudimbura wedunhu mudariki.
• Sezvo zvishandiso zvakaomarara (U_imp <1.5 kV) inowanikwa anopfuura gumi mamirimita kubva kune inouya dziviriro mudziyo, iyo yakanaka yekudzivirira inosunga vanosunga vanofanirwa kuiswa padyo padyo sezvinobvira kune iyo mitoro.
• Kuchengetedza zviri nani kuenderera kwebasa kunzvimbo dzinotonhora dzemakamuri: "si" mhando yakasara yazvino wedunhu mabhureki ichashandiswa kudzivirira kunetseka kwekukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekukwira kwepanyika kugona sezvo mheni inopenya ichipfuura.
• Kuti udzivirirwe pamhepo inowira pamusoro: 1, isa inosunga inosunga mune huru switchboard. 2, gadza yakanaka inodzivirira inosunga musungwa mune yega switchboard (1 uye 2) ichipa michina yakaoma iri pamusoro pe10m kubva kune anouya ekuwedzera anosungwa. 3, gadzira inosunga inosunga pane nharembozha kudzivirira zvishandiso zvinopihwa, semuenzaniso, maalarm emoto, modemu, nhare, fakisi.

Kabling kurudziro

• Simbisa iyo equipotentiality yekubvisa kwepasi kwechivako.
• Deredza iyo yakavharwa magetsi magetsi tambo nzvimbo.

Kuisa kurudziro

• Isa inosunga yekusunga, ini_Max = 40 kA (8/20 µs), uye iC60 disconnection redunhu breaker yakatarwa pa40 A.
• Isa zvakanaka kuchengetedzwa kwekusungwa vanosungwa, ini_Max = 8 kA (8/20 µs) uye yakabatana iC60 disconnection redunhu mabhureki akayerwa pa10 A

Fig. J46 - Telecommunication network

SPD ye photovoltaic kunyorera

Kuwedzererwa kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika mumagetsi kuiswa kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Inogona kukonzerwa ne:

• Iyo yekuparadzira network semhedzisiro yemheni kana chero basa rakaitwa.
• Mheni inorova (padyo kana pazvivakwa uye kuiswa kwePV, kana pamagetsi emheni).
• Misiyano mumunda wemagetsi nekuda kwemheni.

Kufanana nezvose zvivakwa zvekunze, kuiswa kwePV kunoiswa panjodzi yemheni iyo inosiyana kubva kudunhu kuenda kudunhu. Maitiro ekudzivirira uye ekusungisa uye zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kunge zviri munzvimbo.

Kudzivirirwa ne equipotential bonding

Yekutanga chengetedzo yekuisa munzvimbo isvikiro (kondakita) iyo inosimbisa equipotential kubatana pakati pezvose zvinoitisa zvikamu zvePV yekumisikidza.

Chinangwa ndechekusunga ese akatsika makondakita uye nesimbi zvikamu uye saka gadzira yakaenzana mikana munzvimbo dzese dzakaiswa system.

Kudzivirirwa nemidziyo yekudzivirira ekuwedzera (SPDs)

MaSPDs anonyanya kukosha kuchengetedza emagetsi emagetsi senge AC / DC Inverter, yekuongorora michina uye maPV mamodule, asi zvakare zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine simba zvinofambiswa neiyo 230 VAC magetsi ekuparadzira network. Iyi inotevera nzira yekuongorora njodzi inoenderana nekuongororwa kweiyo yakakosha kureba Lcrit uye kuenzanisa kwayo neL iyo yekuwedzera urefu hwemitsara yeDC.
Kuchengetedzwa kwePSD kunodiwa kana L-Lcrit.
Lcrit inoenderana nerudzi rwePV yekumisikidza uye inoverengerwa seinotevera tafura (Fig. J47) inoratidza:

Fig. J47 - SPD DC sarudzo

L ndiyo huwandu hwe:

• huwandu hwenzvimbo dziri pakati peiyo inverter (s) uye junction bhokisi (es), uchifunga kuti hurefu hwetambo iri mune imwe chete nzira inoverengwa kamwe chete, uye
• huwandu hwenzvimbo dziri pakati pebhokisi rekusangana pamwe nenzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzeiyo photovoltaic module inogadzira tambo, uchifunga kuti hurefu hwetambo iri mune imwe nzira inoverengwa kamwe chete.

Ng arc mheni kuwanda (nhamba yekurova / km2 / gore).

Fig. J48 - SPD sarudzo

Kudzivirirwa kwePSD
nzvimbo	PV module kana Array mabhokisi		Inverter DC padivi	Inverter AC parutivi		Bhodhi huru
	LDC			LAC		Tsvimbo yemheni
Zvikonzero	<10 m	> 10 m		<10 m	> 10 m	Ehe	Aihwa
Rudzi rweSPD	Hapana chikonzero	"SPD 1" Tora 2 [a]	"SPD 2" Tora 2 [a]	Hapana chikonzero	"SPD 3" Tora 2 [a]	"SPD 4" Tora 1 [a]	"SPD 4" Tora 2 kana Ng> 2.5 & pamusoro pemutsetse

[a]. 1 2 3 4 Type 1 kupatsanura chinhambwe maererano EN 62305 haina kucherechedzwa.

Kuisa SPD

Iyo nhamba uye nzvimbo yePSD padivi reDC zvinoenderana nehurefu hwetambo pakati pemaseru ezuva uye inverter. Iyo SPD inofanirwa kuiswa padyo neiyo inverter kana iyo urefu iri pasi pemamita gumi. Kana iri yakakura kupfuura gumi metres, yechipiri SPD inodikanwa uye inofanirwa kuve iri mubhokisi padyo nepaneru rezuva, yekutanga iri munzvimbo inverter.

Kuti ibudirire, tambo dzekubatanidza dzeSPD kune iyo L + / L- network uye pakati peiyo SPD yepasi terminal block uye yepasi busbar inofanira kunge ipfupi sezvinobvira - isingasviki 2.5 m (d1 + d2 <50 cm).

Yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika photovoltaic simba rekugadzira

Zvichienderana nedaro riri pakati pe "jenareta" chikamu uye chikamu "chekushandura", zvingave zvakakodzera kuisa vaviri vanosunga vanosunga kana kupfuura, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zviviri.

Fig. J49 - SPD nzvimbo

Kuchengetedzwa kwekudzivirira hunyanzvi hwekuwedzera

Mheni inodzivirira zviyero

Iyo IEC 62305 yakajairwa zvikamu 1 kusvika ku4 (NF EN 62305 zvikamu 1 kusvika ku4) inogadzirisazve uye inogadziridza iwo akajairwa mabhuku IEC 61024 (akateedzana), IEC 61312 (akateedzana), uye IEC 61663 (akateedzana) pamagetsi ekudzivirira mheni.

Chikamu 1 - Mazano akajairika

Ichi chikamu chinopa ruzivo rwevose pamusoro pemheni uye hunhu hwayo uye data ruzhinji uye inosuma mamwe magwaro.

Chikamu 2 - Risk management

Chikamu ichi chinopa ongororo ichiita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga njodzi yechimiro uye kuona mamiriro akasiyana ekudzivirira kuitira kubvumidza kugona kwehunyanzvi nehupfumi.

Chikamu 3 - Kukuvara kwemuviri kuzvivakwa nenjodzi yehupenyu

Ichi chikamu chinotsanangura kudzivirirwa kubva pakurova kwakananga kwemheni, kusanganisira mheni yekudzivirira system, pasi-conductor, pasi lead, equipotentiality uye nekudaro SPD ine equipotential bonding (Type 1 SPD).

Chikamu 4 - Magetsi nemagetsi masystem mukati mezvivakwa

Ichi chikamu chinotsanangura kuchengetedzwa kubva kune zvakakonzerwa nemheni, kusanganisira dziviriro sisitimu neSPD (Mhando 2 ne3), tambo inodzivirira, mitemo yekumisikidza SPD, nezvimwe.

Iyi nhevedzano yemiyero inowedzerwa ne:

• iyo IEC 61643 akateedzana ematanho edudziro yezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira (ona Zvikamu zvePSD);
• iyo IEC 60364-4 uye -5 akateedzana ematanho ekushandisa kwezvigadzirwa mumagetsi emagetsi eLV (ona End-ye-yehupenyu chiratidzo chePSD).

Izvo zvikamu zveSPD

Iyo SPD zvikuru inosanganisira (ona Fig. J50):

1. chimwe kana zvimwe zvisingaenzaniswi zvikamu: iyo inorarama chikamu (varistor, gasi inobuda chubhu [GDT], nezvimwewo);
2. chidziviriro chakadziya (chemukati disconnector) chinochidzivirira kubva kune chinopisa chinotiza pakupera kwehupenyu (SPD ine varistor);
3. chiratidzo chinoratidza kupera kwehupenyu hwePSD; Mamwe maSPD anotendera kuregedza kutaurwa kwechiratidzo ichi;
4. yekunze SCPD inopa chengetedzo kumatunhu mapfupi (ichi chishandiso chinogona kuve chakabatanidzwa muPSD).

Muonde. J50 - Dhayagiramu yeSPD

Iyo tekinoroji yeiyo mhenyu chikamu

Akawanda matekinoroji aripo ekushandisa iyo mhenyu chikamu. Iwo ega ega ane zvakwakanakira nekuipira:

• Zener diode;
• Iyo gasi inobuda chubhu (inodzorwa kana isingadzorwe);
• Iyo varistor (zinc oxide varistor [ZOV]).

Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza hunhu uye marongero e3 anowanzo shandiswa matekinoroji.

Fig. J51 - Pfupiso tafura yekuita

chikamu	Gas Discharge Tube (GDT)	Yakaputirwa spark spark	Zinc oxide varistor	GDT uye varistor mune akateedzana	Yakavharidzirwa spark spark uye varistor mune yakafanana
unhu
Operating mode	Voltage inochinja	Voltage inochinja	Voltage inogumira	Voltage-switching uye -limiting mune akateedzana	Voltage-switching--limiting mune yakafanana
Kushanda makakombama
kunyoresa	Telecom network LV network (inosangana ne varistor)	LV network	LV network	LV network	LV network
SPD Rudzi	Nyorai 2	Nyorai 1	Tora 1 kana Type 2	Tora 1 + Rudzi rwechipiri	Tora 1 + Rudzi rwechipiri

Kuguma-kwe-kwehupenyu chiratidzo chePSD

Ekupedzisira-e-hupenyu zviratidziro zvine chekuita neyemukati disconnector uye yekunze SCPD yeSPD kuzivisa mushandisi kuti chishandiso hachisisina kudzivirirwa kubva pamusoro pevoltage yemamiriro ekumatenga mabviro.

Chiratidziro chemuno

Iri basa rinowanzo kudikanwa nekodhi dzekumisikidza. Iyo yekupedzisira-ye-yehupenyu chiratidzo chinopihwa nechiratidzo (chakajeka kana chinogadzirwa) kune yemukati disconnector uye / kana yekunze SCPD.

Kana iyo yekunze SCPD ichishandiswa neye fuse mudziyo, zvinodikanwa kuti upe fuse ine anorova uye hwaro hwakagadzirwa neinokanganisa system kuona iyi basa.

Yakabatanidzwa kudimbura redunhu mudariki

Iyo mechiniki chiratidzo uye chinzvimbo chemubati wekubata chinobvumira zvakasikwa magumo-e-hupenyu chiratidzo.

Chiratidziro chemunharaunda uye kure kure kurevera

iQuick PRD SPD yeXXMX yemagetsi ndeye "yakagadzirira waya" mhando ine yakasanganiswa disconnecting redunhu breaker.

Chiratidziro chemuno

iQuick PRD SPD (ona Fig. J53) yakagadzirirwa yemuno mamakanika echimiro zviratidzo.

• iyo (tsvuku) mechiniki chiratidzo uye chinzvimbo chekubvisa wedunhu mudariki mubato zvinoratidza kudzima kweiyo SPD;
• iyo (tsvuku) mechiniki chiratidzo pane yega yega cartridge inoratidza iyo cartridge kupera kwehupenyu.

Fig. J53 - iQuick PRD 3P + N SPD yeiyo Magetsi magetsi brand

Kure kurevera

(ona Fig. J54)

iQuick PRD SPD yakagadzirirwa chiratidzo chinobvumidza icho chinobvumira kuregedza kutaurwa kwe:

• katuriji kuguma kwehupenyu;
• katuriji isipo, uye kana yadzoserwa panzvimbo yayo;
• kukanganisa panetiweki (pfupi dunhu, kudamburwa kwekusarerekera, chikamu / kusadzora kwazvakarerekera);
• yemuno manyore switching.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, kure kure kutarisisa kweanoshanda mamiriro eiyo akaiswa maSPDs zvinoita kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuona kuti izvi zvinodzivirira mumamiriro ekumira vanogara vakagadzirira kushanda.

Fig. J54 - Kuiswa kwechiratidzo mwenje iQuick PRD SPD

Fig. J55 - Remote chiratidzo cheSpD chinzvimbo uchishandisa Smartlink

Kugadziriswa pakupera kwehupenyu

Kana iyo yekupedzisira-ye-hupenyu chiratidzo chinoratidza kudzima, iyo SPD (kana iyo katuriji iri mubvunzo) inofanira kutsiviwa.

Muchiitiko cheiyo iQuick PRD SPD, kugadzirisa kunoitwa.

• Iyo cartridge pakupera kwehupenyu (kutsiviwa) inoonekwa zviri nyore neDhipatimendi Rekuchengetedza.
• Iyo cartridge pakupera kwehupenyu inogona kutsiviwa mukuchengetedzeka kwakazara nekuti mudziyo wekuchengetedza unorambidza kuvhara kweanodzima wedunhu breaker kana iyo cartridge isipo.

Yakadzama hunhu hwekunze SCPD

Yazvino wave kumira

Iyo yazvino wave inomira nemiedzo pane yekunze SCPDs inoratidza seinotevera:

• Kune chiyero chakapihwa uye tekinoroji (NH kana cylindrical fuse), iyo yazvino wave inomira kugona kuri nani neAMM fuseuzi (dziviriro yemotokari) pane ine gG mhando fiyuzi (kushandiswa kwakawanda).
• Nezve chiyero chakapihwa, yazvino wave inomiririra kugona kuri nani neyekutyora wedunhu pane neiyo fiyuzi mudziyo. Mufananidzo J56 pazasi inoratidza mhedzisiro yeiyo voltage wave inomira bvunzo:
• kuchengetedza SPD yakatsanangurwa yeImax = 20 kA, yekunze SCPD inofanira kusarudzwa ingave MCB 16 A kana Fuse aM 63 A, Cherekedza: mune ino kesi, Fuse gG 63 A haina kukodzera.
• kuchengetedza SPD yakatsanangurwa yeImax = 40 kA, yekunze SCPD inofanira kusarudzwa ingave MCB 40 A kana Fuse aM 125 A,

Fig. J56 - Kufananidza kweSCPDs voltage wave inomira kugona kweI_Max = 20 kA uye ini_Max = 40 kA

Yakaiswa Kumusoro voltage yekudzivirira nhanho

Kazhinji:

• Iwo magetsi anodonhedza mukati mematemu eakafambiswa wedunhu akakwirira kupfuura aya epakati pematemu eiyo fiyuzi mudziyo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo impedance yeiyo wedunhu-breaker zvinhu (zvinodziya uye zvemagetsi zvinokanganisa zvigadzirwa) zvakakwirira kupfuura izvo zvefiyuzi.

Zvisinei:

• Musiyano uripo pakati pemadonhwe emagetsi unoramba uri mushoma kumafungu azvino asingapfuure gumi kA (10% emakesi);
• Iyo yakaisirwa kumusoro voltage dziviriro nhanho zvakare inofungisisa iyo cabling impedance. Izvi zvinogona kuve zvakakwirira mune fuse tekinoroji (chengetedzo chishandiso chiri kure nePSD) uye yakaderera mune kesi yedunhu-breaker tekinoroji (redunhu mudariki padyo, uye kunyange yakasanganiswa muPSD).

Ongorora: Iyo yakaisirwa kumusoro voltage dziviriro nhanho ndiyo huwandu wemadonhwe emagetsi

• muSPD;
• mune yekunze SCPD;
• mune iyo michina cabling

Kudzivirirwa kubva kune impedance madunhu mafupi

Iyo impedance dunhu pfupi inodzinga yakawanda simba uye inofanirwa kubviswa nekukurumidza kwazvo kudzivirira kukanganisa kune iyo yekumisikidza uye kune iyo SPD.

Mufananidzo J57 inofananidza nguva yekupindura uye kudzikisira kwesimba kweiyo dziviriro sisitimu ne 63 AM fuse uye 25 A redunhu mudariki.

Aya maitiro maviri ekudzivirira ane zvakafanana 8/20 µs yazvino wave inomira kugona (27 kA uye 30 kA zvichiteerana).

Fig. J57 - Kufananidza yenguva / yazvino uye simba risingapindike curves kune wedunhu breaker uye fuse ine yakafanana 8/20 µs yazvino wave inomira kugona

Kupararira kwemheni inopenya

Magetsi emagetsi akaderera-frequency uye, semhedzisiro, kupararira kwemagetsi emagetsi kunoitika ipapo nekuwanda kwechiitiko ichi: pane chero nguva yekondakita, iyo pakarepo voltage yakafanana.

Mheni inovhuvhuta chiitiko chepamusoro-frequency (mazana akati wandei kHz kusvika kuMHz):

• Mheni inoparadzirwa pamwe nekondakita pane imwe mhanyisa inoenderana nekuwanda kwechiitiko. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chero nguva yakapihwa, iwo voltage haina kukosha kwakaenzana pazvinhu zvese zviri pakati (ona Fig. J58).

Fig. J58 - Kupararira kwemheni inopenya mune kondakita

• Shanduko yepakati inogadzira chinoshamisa chekupararira uye / kana kuratidzwa kwemafungu zvinoenderana ne:

1. mutsauko we impedance pakati pemidhiya miviri;
2. kuwanda kweiyo inofambira mberi wave (kukwira kwenguva yekukwira mune yekurova);
3. kureba kwepakati.

Muchiitiko chekuratidzwa kwakazara, kunyanya, kukosha kwemagetsi kunogona zvakapetwa.

Semuenzaniso: iyo kesi yekudzivirirwa nePSD

Kuenzanisira kwechiitiko chinoshandiswa kune mheni yemheni uye kuyedzwa murabhoritari kwakaratidza kuti mutoro unofambiswa nemamirimita makumi matatu etambo yakachengetedzwa kumusoro neSpD pamagetsi Kumusoro inotsigira, nekuda kwekuratidzira zviitiko, huwandu hwemagetsi e30 x U_P (ona Fig. J59). Iyi voltage wave haina simba.

Fig. J59 - Kufananidza kwemheni inopenya panogumiswa tambo

Kugadzirisa

Pakati pezvinhu zvitatu (mutsauko weimedance, kuwanda, chinhambwe), iyo chete inogona kunyatso kudzorwa kureba kwetambo pakati peSPD nemutoro unochengetedzwa. Iyo yakakura uku kureba, iko kukura kwekuratidzira.

Kazhinji, kumafuratifomu emvura yakatarisana nechivako, zvinoitika zvekuratidzira zvakakosha kubva pamamita gumi uye zvinogona kupeta voltage kubva pamamita makumi matatu (ona Fig. J10).

Izvo zvinodikanwa kumisikidza yechipiri SPD mukudzivirira kwakanaka kana iyo tambo kureba inodarika gumi m pakati peinouya-magumo SPD nemidziyo inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa.

Fig. J60 - Maximum voltage kumucheto kwetambo zvinoenderana nehurefu hwayo kumberi kwechiitiko voltage = 4kV / isu

Muenzaniso wemheni yazvino muTT system

Yakajairika modhi SPD pakati pechikamu uye PE kana chikamu uye PEN yakaiswa chero mhando yehurongwa hwepasi kurongeka (ona Fig. J61).

Iyo yekusarerekera ivhu rinodzivisa R1 rinoshandiswa kune mapyloni ane yakaderera kuramba kupfuura iyo yekudzivirira resistor R2 yakashandiswa pakuisirwa.

Mheni yazvino inoyerera kuburikidza nedunhu ABCD kuenda pasi kuburikidza nenzira iri nyore. Ichapfuura nepakati pevaristors V1 uye V2 zvakateedzana, zvichikonzera musiyano wemagetsi wakaenzana nekaviri Up voltage yeiyo SPD (U_P1 + U_P2) kuoneka kumaterminal eA naC pamusuwo weiyo yekumisikidza muzviitiko zvakanyanya.

Fig. J61 - Kudzivirirwa kwakajairika chete

Kuchengetedza mitoro pakati pePh uye N zvinobudirira, iyo kusiyanisa modhi voltage (pakati peA neC) inofanira kuderedzwa

Imwe yekuvakwa kwePSD saka inoshandiswa (ona Fig. J62)

Mheni yazvino inoyerera nemudunhu ABH iyo ine yakadzika impedance pane wedunhu ABCD, seye impedance yechinhu chinoshandiswa pakati peB naH haina maturo (gasi-izere spark gap). Mune ino kesi, iyo yekusiyanisa voltage yakaenzana neakasara magetsi eiyo SPD (U_P2).

Fig. J62 - Yakajairwa uye yekusiyanisa dziviriro