Mhinduro dzeRailways & Yekufambisa Kuwedzera Kudzivirirwa Midziyo uye Voltage Inodzora Midziyo
Sei kudzivirira?
Kudzivirirwa kwenzvimbo dzenjanji: Zvitima, metro, matram
Kutakura njanji kazhinji, kungave kwepasi pevhu, pasi kana nematram, kunoisa kukoshesa kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwetraffic, kunyanya pakudzivirirwa kwevanhu zvisina tsarukano. Nechikonzero ichi zvese zvine hungwaru, zvemhando yepamusoro zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi (semuenzaniso kudzora, kusaina kana masisitimu eruzivo) zvinoda mwero wepamusoro wekutendeka kuzadzikisa zvido zvekushanda zvakachengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Nezvikonzero zvehupfumi, aya masisitimu haana simba rakaringana redhiraivha yezviitiko zvese zvinogona kuitika kubva mukuwandisa uye nekudaro kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kuchinjiswa kune zvinodiwa chaizvo zvekufambisa njanji. Mutengo wekudzivirira kwakakwenenzverwa kwemagetsi uye emagetsi masisitimu pazvitima inongova chikamu chemutengo wakazara weiyo tekinoroji yakachengetedzwa uye kudyara kudiki zvine chekuita nekukuvara kunogona kukonzerwa nekutadza kana kuparadzwa kwemidziyo. Izvo zvinokuvadza zvinogona kukonzerwa nemhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwemagetsi mune ese ari maviri kana asina kunanga mheni kurova, kushandura mashandiro, kutadza kana nekuda kwemagetsi akakwira akakonzerwa nesimbi zvikamu zvejanji michina.
Iyo huru musimboti yeakanyanya kukwidziridzwa kwekudzivirira dhizaini ndiko kuomarara uye kuwirirana kwePSDs uye equipotential yekubatanidza neakananga kana zvisina kunangana kubatana. Kuomarara kunovimbiswa nekuisa ekuchengetedza ekuchengetedza michina pane zvese zvinobva uye zvinobuda zvechigadzirwa nehurongwa, kuti tambo dzese dzemagetsi, chiratidzo uye nzvimbo dzekutaurirana zvinodzivirirwa. Iko kurongeka kwekudzivirira kuno chengetedzwa nekumisikidza SPDs neakasiyana ekudzivirira mhedzisiro zvakateedzana nenzira kwayo kuitira kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikise iyo yekuwedzera voltage pulses kune iyo nhanho yakachengeteka yechinhu chakachengetedzwa. Voltage kudzikamisa zvishandiso zvakare chikamu chakakosha chekudzivirira kwakazara kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi njanji. Ivo vanoshanda kudzivirira isingabvumirwe yakakwira yekubata magetsi pane esimbi zvikamu zvechitima michina nekumisikidza kwechinguva kana chenguva kubatana kweanotungamira mativi pamwe neanodzoka wedunhu eiyo traction system. Nebasa iri vanochengetedza kunyanya vanhu vanogona kusangana neaya akafumurwa matunhu ekuitisa.
Chii uye sei kudzivirira?
Surge Protective Devices (SPD) yezviteshi zvezvitima uye njanji
Magetsi emagetsi mitsara AC 230/400 V
Zviteshi zvezvitima zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kumisa chitima chekuuya uye kusimuka kwevatakurwi. Munzvimbo mune ruzivo rwakakosha, manejimendi, kutonga uye chengetedzo yekutakura njanji, asiwo zvivakwa zvakasiyana senge makamuri ekumirira, maresitorendi, zvitoro, nezvimwewo, zvakabatana neyakajairika magetsi uye nekuda kwekushomeka kwavo kwemagetsi. nzvimbo, vangave vari panjodzi kubva kukundikana pane traction magetsi magetsi wedunhu. Kuchengetedza kushanda-kusinganetsi kwemidziyo iyi, matatu-nhanho yekudzivirira kwekuwedzera inofanirwa kuiswa pamitsetse yemagetsi AC. Iyo yakarongedzwa kumisikidzwa kweLSP yekudzivirira ekuchengetedza michina iri seinotevera:
- Main kugovera bhodhi (chinotsiviwa, simba tambo yekuisa) - SPD Rudzi rwekutanga, semuenzaniso FLP50, kana akasanganiswa mheni yazvino inosunga uye yekuwedzera inosunga Type 1 + 2, semuenzaniso FLP12,5.
- Sub-kugovera mabhodhi - yechipiri nhanho dziviriro, SPD Rudzi rwechipiri, semuenzaniso SLP40-275.
- Tekinoroji / zvishandiso - chechitatu nhanho dziviriro, SPD Rudzi rwechitatu,
- Kana zvishandiso zvakachengetedzwa zviri mukati mukati kana padyo nebhodhi rekuparadzira, saka zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa SPD Rudzi rwechitatu pakukwirisa pane DIN njanji 3 mm, senge SLP20-275.
- Muzviitiko zvekuchengetedzwa kwemaseketi maseketi anodzivirirwa mairi zvishandiso zveIT zvakaita semakopira, makomputa, nezvimwewo zvinogona kusunganidzwa, saka inokodzera SPD yekuwedzera kumisikidza mumabhokisi esoketi, semuenzaniso. FLD.
- Yakawanda yazvino yekuyera uye tekinoroji yekudzora inodzorwa nema microprocessors nemakomputa. Naizvozvo, pamusoro pekudzivirira kwevhirivhuru, zvinodikanwa kuti ubvise mhedzisiro yekukanganiswa kweredhiyo iyo inogona kukanganisa mashandiro akanaka, semuenzaniso nekugwamba "processor", kunyora data kana ndangariro. Kune izvi zvinoshandiswa LSP inokurudzira FLD. Kune zviripo zvakare zvimwe zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa mutoro izvozvi.
Pamusoro pezvo zvivakwa zvacho zvezvitima, chimwe chikamu chakakosha cheivakwa yese njanji ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekudzivirira, kuongorora uye kuratidza masystem (semwenje yemasaini, kupindirana kwemagetsi, zvipingamupinyi zvekuyambuka, macustomer evhiri rengoro nezvimwewo). Kudzivirirwa kwavo pamhedzisiro yemagetsi ekuwedzera kwakakosha zvakanyanya maererano nekusimbisa kusaita kunetswa.
- Kuchengetedza izvi zvishandiso zvakakodzera kuisa SPD Type 1 mupower magetsi, kana chigadzirwa chiri nani kubva padanho FLP12,5, SPD Type 1 + 2 iyo, nekuda kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira yakadzika, inodzivirira zvirinani.
Zvezvitima zvigadzirwa zvakabatana zvakananga kana padhuze nenjanji (semuenzaniso, ngoro yekuverenga mudziyo), zvinodikanwa kushandisa iyo FLD, iyo inodzora gadziriso mudziyo, kuripa zvinogona kuitika misiyano pakati penjanji nenzvimbo inodzivirira iyo michina. Iyo yakagadzirirwa nyore DIN njanji 35 mm kukwira.
Tekinoroji yekutaurirana
Chikamu chakakosha chechitima chekufambisa masisitimu zvakare ese matekinoroji ekutaurirana uye kuchengetedzwa kwavo kwakakodzera. Panogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzemadhijitari uye analogue ekutaurirana anoshanda patambo yesimbi tambo kana zvisina waya. Kudzivirirwa kwemidziyo yakabatana nemaseketi aya kunogona kushandiswa semuenzaniso ava LSP surge vanosunga:
- Runhare netambo neADSL kana VDSL2 - semuenzaniso RJ11S-TELE pamusuwo wechivako uye padyo nemidziyo yakachengetedzwa.
- Ethernet network - dziviriro yepasirese yedata network uye mitsara inosanganiswa nePoE, semuenzaniso DT-CAT-6AEA.
- Coaxial antenna tambo yekutaurirana isina waya - eg DS-N-FM
Kudzora uye data mitsara yemasaini
Mitsara yekuyera uye yekushandisa michina mune yechitima zvivakwa inofanirwa kunge iri, nekudaro, zvakare inodzivirirwa kubva kumhedzisiro yemapereji uye nekuwandisa kwemhepo kuitira kuchengetedza kwakanyanya kugona kuvimbika uye kushanda. Muenzaniso wekushandiswa kweLSP kudzivirirwa kwedata uye masaini network anogona kuve:
- Kudzivirirwa kwechiratidzo uye tambo dzekuyera kumidziyo yechitima - surge arrester ST 1 + 2 + 3, eg FLD.
Chii uye sei kudzivirira?
Voltage Limiting Devices (VLD) yezviteshi zvezvitima uye njanji
Panguva yekushanda kwese kwenjanji, nekuda kwemhepo inodonha mudunhu rekudzoka, kana zvine hukama nemamiriro ezvinhu, panogona kuitika zvisinga bvumike magetsi ekubata pamativi anowanikwa pakati pekudzoka redunhu nepasi rinogona, kana pazvivakwa zvakafumurwa zvine mutsindo (matanda , handrails nemimwe michina). Panzvimbo dzinowanikwa nevanhu senge zviteshi zvezvitima kana matiraki, zvinodikanwa kudzikamisa iyi voltage kune yakachengeteka kukosha nekuisa iyo Voltage Limiting Devices (VLD). Basa ravo kumisikidza chinopfuura kana chinobatanidza kubatana kweakafumuka matunhu enzira pamwe nekudzoka redunhu kana zvichitenderwa kukosha kwekubata magetsi kunodarika. Paunenge uchisarudza VLD zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kana basa reVLD-F, VLD-O kana ese ari maviri anodikanwa, sekushorwa ned mu EN 50122-1. Yakafumurwa matekiniki ezvemusoro wepamusoro kana mitsara yekudonha inowanzo kuve yakabatana nedunhu rekudzoka zvakananga kana kuburikidza neVLD-F mhando yedhizaini. Nekudaro, magetsi anodzikamisa zvishandiso mhando VLD-F inoitirwa kuchengetedza kana paine zvikanganiso, semuenzaniso ipfupi-denderedzwa yemagetsi traction system ine yakafumurwa conductive chikamu. Midziyo yemhando VLD-O inoshandiswa mune yakajairika mashandiro, kureva ivo vanodzora yakawedzera yekubata magetsi anokonzerwa neanogona njanji panguva yekushanda kwechitima. Basa remagetsi kudzikamisa zvishandiso hakusi iko kudzivirira kubva kune mheni uye nekuchinja ma surges. Uku kudzivirirwa kunopihwa neSurge Protective Devices (SPD). Izvo zvinodikanwa paVLDs zvave nekuita shanduko dzakakura neiyo nyowani vhezheni yeyakajairwa EN 50526-2 uye kune zvirevo zvakakurisa zvakanyanya zvehunyanzvi pazviri izvozvi. Zvinoenderana neichi chiyero, VLD-F magetsi ekumisikidza anoiswa mukirasi 1 uye VLD-O mhando sekirasi 2.1 uye kirasi 2.2.
LSP inodzivirira njanji zvivakwa
Dzivisa sisitimu yekuzorora uye kukanganiswa mune njanji zvivakwa
Kumhanya kwakanaka kwetekinoroji tekinoroji kunoenderana nekushanda kwakakodzera kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzakanyanya, dzemagetsi nemagetsi. Kuwanikwa zvachose kweaya masisitimu kuri, zvakadaro, kuri kutyisidzirwa nekurohwa nemheni uye kupindira kwemagetsi. Semutemo, vakakuvadzwa uye vakaparadzwa makondakita, zvinowirirana zvinhu, ma module kana masystem emakomputa ndiwo anokonzera kukanganisa uye kunotora nguva kugadzirisa matambudziko. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoreva kunonoka kwezvitima uye yakakwira mitengo.
Deredza kukanganisika kunodhura uye kudzikisira system nguva ... ine yakazara mheni uye yekuwedzera dziviriro pfungwa inoenderana neyako yakakosha zvaunoda.
Zvikonzero zvekukanganisa uye kukuvara
Izvi ndizvo zvikonzero zvakajairika zvekukanganisa, system yekuzorora uye kukuvara mune emagetsi njanji masisitimu:
- Mheni yakananga inorova
Mheni inorova mumitsara yepamusoro yekubata, makwara kana mamati anowanzo kutungamira mukukanganisa kana kukundikana kwesystem.
- Mheni isina kunanga inorova
Mheni inorova muchivako chiri padyo kana pasi. Kuwedzererwa kwemhepo kunozogoverwa kuburikidza netambo kana inductive inokonzereswa, kukuvadza kana kuparadza zvisina kuchengetedzwa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi.
- Electromagnetic kupindira minda
Kupfuurira kwemhepo kunogona kuitika kana masisitimu akasiyana achidyidzana nekuda kwekuswedera padhuze neumwe, semuenzaniso, yakavhenekerwa masystem emasaini pamusoro pemigwagwa, mizinga-yepamusoro-simba yekufambisa mitsara uye nepamusoro misoro yekubata njanji.
- Zviitiko mukati mechitima njanji pachayo
Kuchinja mashandiro uye kusimudzira fuse chimwe chinowedzera njodzi nekuti vanogona zvakare kuburitsa mafuru uye kukonzera kukuvara.
Mukufambisa njanji kutarisisa kunowanzo kubhadharwa kune kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kusinga pindirwe, uye kudzivirirwa kusingabvumirwe kwevanhu, kunyanya. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri pamusoro izvo zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mukutakura njanji zvinofanirwa kuratidza mwero wepamusoro wekuvimbika unoenderana nezvinodiwa mukushanda zvakachengeteka. Iko mukana wekuitika kwekutadza nekuda kwekutarisirwa kusingatarisirwi ma voltages kunodzikiswa nekushandiswa kwemheni sitiroko yazvino vanosunga uye ekuwedzera ekuchengetedza michina yakagadzirwa neLSP.
Kudzivirirwa kweiyo 230/400 V AC magetsi magetsi
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushomeka-kwekushomeka kwekutakura njanji masystem zvinokurudzirwa kuisa ese matatu matanho ePSDs mune yekupa magetsi tambo. Yekutanga yekudzivirira nhanho ine iyo FLP nhevedzano yekudzivirira inodzivirira mudziyo, yechipiri nhanho inoumbwa neiyo SLP SPD, uye yechitatu nhanho yakaiswa padyo padyo sezvinobvira kumidziyo yakachengetedzwa inomiririrwa neTLP nhepfenyuro ine HF yekupindira inodzvinyirira firita.
Midziyo yekutaurirana uye macircuit ekudzora
Nzira dzekutaurirana dzakachengetedzwa nemaSPD eiyo FLD mhando dzakateedzana, zvinoenderana neiyi tekinoroji yekutaurirana yakashandiswa. Kudzivirirwa kwecontrol wedunhu uye data network kunogona kuve kwakavakirwa pane iyo FRD mheni sitiroko yazvino vanosunga.
Mheni Kudzivirirwa: Kutyaira iyo Chitima
Kana tichifunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemheni sezvo zviri maererano nemaindasitiri nenjodzi tinofunga nezvezviri pachena; Oiri neGesi, Kutaurirana, Kugadzirwa Kwemagetsi, Zvishandiso nezvimwewo Asi vashoma vedu vanofunga nezvezvitima, njanji kana zvifambiso zvakajairika. Kuregererei? Zvitima uye masisitimu anoshanda anomhanya zvinongobatwa nemheni sechinhu chero chipi zvacho uye mhedzisiro yemheni yemagetsi kunzira yezvitima inogona kutadzisa uye dzimwe nguva kune njodzi. Magetsi chikamu chakakura chechitima sisitimu mashandiro uye huwandu hwenzvimbo uye zvikamu zvinotora kuvaka njanji pasi rese zvakawandisa.
Zvitima uye njanji masisitimu ekurohwa nekukanganiswa zvinoitika kazhinji kupfuura zvatinofunga. Muna 2011, chitima kuEastern China (muguta reWenzhou, mudunhu reZhejiang) chakarohwa nemheni iyo chaiimisa mumakwara ayo nesimba richigogodzwa. Chitima chepamusoro-soro chakarova chitima chisina simba. Vanhu makumi mana nevatatu vakaparara uye vamwe mazana maviri negumi vakakuvadzwa. Mari inozivikanwa yenjodzi yaive $ 43 Million.
Mune chinyorwa chakaburitswa muUK's Network Rails chinotaura kuti kuUK “Mheni inorova zvivakwa zvezvitima zvakakanganisika avhareji kakapetwa ka 192 pagore pakati pa2010 na2013, uye ratidziro yega yega inotungamira kumaminetsi makumi matatu nemakumi matanhatu nenonoka. Pamusoro pezvo, zvitima makumi mashanu nemasere pagore zvakamiswa nekuda kwekukuvara kwemheni. ” Izvi zvinoitika zvine simba rakakura pahupfumi nekutengeserana.
Muna 2013, mumwe mugari akabatwa nemheni yemheni achirova chitima muJapan. Zvakaita rombo rakanaka kuti ratidziro haina kukonzera chero kukuvara, asi ingadai yakave inoparadza dai yakarova munzvimbo chaiyo chaiyo. Kutenda kune ivo vakasarudza mheni yekudzivirira kwenzira dzenjanji. MuJapan vakasarudza kutora nzira yekuchengetedza nzira dzenjanji vachishandisa mhinduro dzemheni dzakaratidzwa uye Hitachi iri kutungamira nzira mukuita.
Mheni yagara iri nhamba yekutanga kutyisidzira mashandiro enjanji, kunyanya pasi pechangobva kuitika masystem ekushambadzira ane masisitimu emasaini anonzwisisika kurwisa surge kana Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) yakabva kumheni semugumisiro wayo wechipiri.
Kutevera ndeimwe yenyaya dzedzidzo dzekuvhenekerwa kwechiedza kune yakazvimirira njanji muJapan.
Tsukuba Express Line yave ichizivikanwa nekushanda kwayo kwakavimbika ine shoma nguva. Kushanda kwavo kwemakomputa uye masystem ekudzora akave akagadzirwa neakajairika mheni yekudzivirira system. Nekudaro, muna 2006 dutu rine simba remheni rakakanganisa masisitimu uye ndokukanganisa mashandiro awo. Hitachi akakumbirwa kuti abvunze zvakakanganiswa uye vape mhinduro.
Chirongwa ichi chaisanganisira kuiswa kweiyo Dissipation Array Systems (DAS) ine zvinotevera zvinongedzo:
Kubva pakaiswa DAS, pakange pasina kukuvara kwemheni pane izvi zvivakwa kweanopfuura makore manomwe. Ichi chirevo chakabudirira chakatungamira mukumisikidzwa kuenderera kweDAS pachiteshi chega chega pamutsara uyu gore rega kubva 7 kusvika parizvino. Nebudiriro iyi, Hitachi yakaisa mhinduro dzakafanana dzekuchengetedza mwenje kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzezvitima dzakazvimirira (makambani manomwe ezvitima akazvimirira kubva zvino).
Kupedzisa, Mheni inogara iri tyisidziro kune zvivakwa zvine mashandiro akakosha nemabhizinesi, isingagumiri kune chete njanji njanji sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro. Chero maratidziro emigwagwa anoenderana nekushanda musina kutsarukana uye nguva shoma yekuzorora inoda kuwana zvivakwa zvavo zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka kubva kune isingafungidzirwe mamiriro ekunze Iine Mheni Dziviriro Solutions (kusanganisira tekinoroji yeDAS), Hitachi ane shungu kwazvo dzekupa uye nekuona kuenderera kwebhizinesi kune vatengi vayo.
Mheni Kudzivirirwa kweRail uye Maindasitiri Akabatana
Mamiriro enjanji anonetsa uye haana tsitsi. Iyo yepamusoro traction dhizaini inoumba hombe mheni kanyanga. Izvi zvinoda masystem ekufunga maitiro ekuchengetedza zvinhu zvakasungwa nezvitima, njanji dzakakwidzwa kana padhuze nepadhuze netende, pamusoro pemheni inokwira. Chinoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuomera kukura kwekukurumidza mukushandiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi yakaderera munzvimbo yezvitima. Semuenzaniso, kuisa chiratidzo kwekuisa kwakachinjika kubva kumakanika ekupindirana kuita kuve akavakirwa pane akaomesesa emagetsi epasi zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, mamiriro ekutarisisa kwezvivakwa zvezvitima aunza akawanda masystem emagetsi. Nekudaro kukosha kwakakosha kwekudzivirira kwemheni mune ese mativi enetiweki njanji. Chiitiko chaicho chemunyori mukuvhenekera kuchengetedza kwechitima masystem chichagovanwa newe.
ziviso
Kunyangwe iri bepa rinotarisa pane ruzivo munzvimbo yezvitima, zvidziviriro zvinoshanda zvakaenzana kumaindasitiri anoenderana uko hwaro hwakaisirwa hwemidziyo hunochengeterwa kunze mumakabati uye hwakabatana nehukuru kudzora / kuyera sisitimu netambo. Ndihwo hunhu hwakagoverwa hwesisitimu yezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoda imwe nzira yakazara yekudzivirira kwemheni.
Iyo njanji nharaunda
Iyo nharaunda nharaunda inotungamirwa neiyo yepamusoro dhizaini, iyo inoumba hombe mheni kanyanga. Mumaruwa chimiro chepamusoro ndicho chakanangwa nekubuda kwemheni. Tambo yevhu pamusoro pemasiti, ita shuwa kuti chimiro chose chiri mukana wakafanana. Chete chechitatu kusvika kune yechishanu mast inosungirirwa kune traction yekudzoka njanji (iyo imwe njanji inoshandiswa kuratidza zviratidzo). MuDC traction nzvimbo mamati akasarudzika kubva pasi kudzivirira electrolyses, nepo munzvimbo dze AC traction masiti ari kusangana nepasi. Zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi uye kuyerwa masisitimu akakwidzwa njanji kana padyo padyo nechitima. Midziyo yakadaro inoratidzirwa kune chiitiko chemheni munjanji, inotorwa kuburikidza neiyo yepamusoro dhizaini. Sensors panjanji ndeyetambo yakabatana nenzira yenzira dzekuyera, idzo dzinotaridzwa pasi. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei njanji dzakakwenenzverwa michina isiri kungoiswa pasi pekufemerwa, asi zvakare inowoneswa kune akaitiswa (semi-akananga) masaji. Kugovera kwesimba kune akasiyana masheni ekumisikidza kuri zvakare kuburikidza neepamusoro magetsi tambo, iyo zvakare inogona kubatika kunanga mheni. Yakakura yepasi pevhu tambo network inosangana pamwechete zvese zvakasiyana zvinhu uye masisitimu akavakirwa mumidziyo yesimbi mativi parutivi penzira, tsika dzakavakirwa midziyo kana Rocla kongiri dzimba. Iyi ndiyo nharaunda yakaoma apo masisitimu ekudzivirira mheni akagadzirwa zvakanaka akakosha pakurarama kwemidziyo. Midziyo yakakuvara inokonzeresa kusavapo kwemasaini ekuratidzira, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekushanda.
Yakasiyana masystem masystem uye chiratidzo chezvinhu
Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuyera masisitimu anoshandiswa kuongorora hutano hwengoro dzengoro pamwe neasina kushushikana mazinga mudanho rezvitima. Mimwe yeaya masisitimu ndeaya: Anopisa anotakura machena, Anopisa mabhureki emagetsi, Wheel profile chiyero system, Kuyera mukufamba / Wheel kukanganisa kuyera, Skew bogie detector, Wayside kureba kwekuyera kuyerwa, YeMotokari inozivikanwa system, Weighbridges. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvekuratidzira zvakakosha uye zvinoda kuwanikwa kune anoshanda ekuratidzira masisitimu: Tevedza macircuit, ekisero makaunda, Points kuona uye Simba michina.
Dziviriro modes
Kuchengetedzwa kwekutenderera kunoratidza kuchengetedzwa pakati pevatungamiriri. Yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu zvinoreva kuchengetedzwa pakati pemufambisi nepasi. Katatu nzira yekudzivirira inosanganisira ese maviri ekureba uye akachinjika dziviriro pane maviri conductor wedunhu. Dziviriro-mbiri nzira ichave nekuchengetedzwa kwekudzivirira pamwe nehurefu hwekudzivirira chete pane kwazvakarerekera (zvakajairika) conductor yeaya maviri-waya wedunhu.
Mheni inodzivirirwa patambo yemagetsi
Tsika pasi maTransformer akaiswa pazvivakwa zveH-mast uye anodzivirirwa nemagetsi emagetsi ekusunga kune yakatsaurirwa HT pasi spike. Yakadzika voltage bhero mhando spark spark yakaiswa pakati peiyo HT yekuvhuvhu tambo uye H-mast chimiro. Iyo H-mast inosungirirwa kune traction yekudzoka njanji. Pabhodhi rekugovera simba mukamuri yemidziyo, katatu nzira yekudzivirira inoiswa uchishandisa kirasi 1 yekuchengetedza mamodule. Chikamu chechipiri chekudzivirira chinosanganisira akateedzana inductors nekirasi 2 yekudzivirira mamodule kune epakati system pasi. Chechitatu chikamu chedziviriro chinowanzo kuve chetsika yakaiswa MOV's kana Transient Suppressors mukati memagetsi emidziyo kabhineti.
Simba-rekumira kwemaawa mana rinopihwa kuburikidza nemabhatiri uye inverters. Sezvo kuburitswa kweiyo inverter kunopa kuburikidza netambo kune yekushandisa nzira, inooneswawo kumashure ekupedzisira emheni mafungu anofambiswa pane yepasi tambo tambo. Triple nzira kirasi 2 dziviriro yakaisirwa kutarisira aya ma surges.
Dziviriro dhizaini misimboti
Aya anoteedzera anotevedzwa mukugadzira kudzivirirwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuyera:
Ziva tambo dzese dzinopinda nekubuda.
Shandisa katatu nzira gadziriso.
Gadzira yekupfuura nzira yekuwedzera simba pazvinogoneka.
Chengetedza system 0V uye tambo skrini dzakaparadzaniswa nepasi.
Shandisa equipotential pasi. Dzivisa kubva kune daisy-kusunga kwehukama hwepasi.
Usatarise kurwisa kwakananga.
Ekisero kaunda kudzivirira
Kuchengetedza mheni dzemagetsi kuti dzi "vakwezve" kune yepanyika spike, michina yemumugwagwa inochengetwa ichitenderera. Simba rekuwedzera rinosungirwa mumatare etambo uye njanji dzakakwenenzverwa kuverenga misoro dzinofanira kuzotorwa dzonongedzwa kutenderedza magetsi emagetsi (isa) kune tambo yekutaurirana inobatanidza iyo trackside unit kune yekure kure kuverenga unit (muongorori) mukamuri yemidziyo. Ese anotumira, anotambira uye ekutaurirana maseketi "anodzivirirwa" nenzira iyi kune equipotential inoyerera ndege. Simba rekuwedzera rinobva radarika kubva pamuswe tambo kuenda kune huru tambo kuburikidza neayo equipotential ndege uye zvinhu zvekudzivirira. Izvi zvinodzivirira simba rekuwedzera kubva pakupfuura nemuma circuits emagetsi uye nekukuvadza. Iyi nzira inonzi yekudzivirira kwekudarika, yakazviratidza seyakabudirira kwazvo uye inoshandiswa kazhinji pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Paimba yemidziyo tambo yekutaurirana inopihwa katatu nzira yekudzivirira kunongedza simba rese rekuwedzera kune system yepasi.
Kudzivirirwa kwechitima kwakakwidzwa kuyerwa masystem
Kuyera mabhureji uye zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandisa maseruji anonamira kune njanji. Iko kupenya pamusoro peanogona eaya mapaipi emasaini kwakadzika kwazvo, izvo zvinovasiya vari panjodzi yekuita mheni mumatiraki, kunyanya nekuda kwekuvhunduka kwenzvimbo yekuyera zvakadaro mukati meimba iri padyo. Kirasi 2 yekudzivirira module (275V) anoshandiswa kuburitsa njanji kune system yepasi kuburikidza neakasiyana tambo. Kuti uenderere mberi nekudzivirira mwenje pamusoro penjanji, zviyero zvemaviri zvakapetwa zvakavharwa tambo zvakatemwa kumashure kunopera njanji. Ma skrini etambo dzese haana kubatana nepasi, asi akaburitswa kuburikidza nemagetsi anosunga. Izvi zvinodzivirira (kunanga) ruzha rwepasi kubva mukubatanidzwa mumatare machubhu. Kuti ushande sekirinendi pane tsananguro, iyo skrini inofanirwa kuve yakabatana neiyo system 0V. Kuti upedze mufananidzo wekudzivirira, system 0V inofanirwa kusiiwa ichiyangarara (isina kuvhurwa), nepo simba rinouya rinofanira kuchengetedzwa nemazvo munzira nhatu dzemugwagwa.
Earthing kuburikidza nemakomputa
Dambudziko repasirese riripo pane ese masystem masystem uko makomputa anoshandiswa kuita data ongororo uye mamwe mabasa. Zvakare, chassis yemakomputa inovhenekerwa kuburikidza netambo yemagetsi uye iyo 0V (remberi mutsara) wemakomputa inovhenekerwa zvakare. Aya mamiriro anowanzo kutyora chirevo chekuchengeta iyo yekuyera system ichiyangarara sedziviriro kubva kune ekunze magetsi mheni. Nzira chete yekukunda dambudziko iri ndeye kufudza komputa kuburikidza neyakagadzika shanduko uye kuisa iyo komputa furemu kubva kune system kabhodhi mairi yakaiswa. RS232 zvinongedzo kune zvimwe zvishandiso zvichagadzira zvakare dambudziko repasi, iro iro fiber optic chinongedzo senzira yekugadzirisa. Izwi rakakosha nderekutarisa iyo yakazara system uye nekuwana yakazara mhinduro.
Inoyerera yakaderera magetsi masisitimu
Iyi tsika yakachengeteka kuve nematunhu ekunze akachengetedzwa pasi uye magetsi emagetsi anotaridzwa uye akachengetedzwa pasi. Low voltage, yakaderera magetsi michina, zvakadaro, inoenderana neruzha pamasaini echiteshi uye kukuvara kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nesimba rekuwedzera pamwe netambo dzekuyera. Mhinduro inoshanda kwazvo pamatambudziko aya ndeyekuyangarara nemagetsi emagetsi akaderera. Iyi nzira yakateedzerwa uye kuitiswa pane solid state signaling masystem. Imwe sisitimu kubva kuEuropean kwakatogadzirwa zvekuti kana ma module akavharirwa mukati, vanobva vangoerekana vanyururwa kudare remakurukota. Pasi rino rinotambanudzira kune imwe ndege yepanyika pamapc mapc akadaro. Low voltage capacitors anoshandiswa kutsikisa ruzha pakati penyika uye nehurongwa 0V. Masaji anotangira kubva munzira yekurira anopinda kuburikidza nemasaini emachiteshi uye anotyora aya ma capacitor, achikuvadza michina uye anowanzo siya nzira yekumukati 24V yekupa kuti iparadze zvachose mabhodhi epc. Izvi zvaive zvisinei nekatatu nzira (130V) chengetedzo kumatunhu ese ari kuuya neanobuda. Kuparadzaniswa kwakajeka kwakazogadzirwa pakati pekambani yemakurukota uye nehurongwa hwevhu hwebhazi. Kuchengetedzwa kwemheni kwese kwairehwa kubhawa repasi. Iyo system yepasi mat uye pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwetambo dzese dzekunze dzakagumiswa pasi repasi bhazi bhawa. Iyo kabati yakanga yakatenderera kubva pasi. Kunyangwe basa iri rakaitwa kusvika kumagumo enguva yemheni ichangopfuura, hapana kukuvara kwemheni kwakataurwa kubva kune chero zviteshi zvishanu (zvikaiswa makumi masere) zvakaitwa, nepo mheni zhinji dzakapfuura. Mwaka unotevera wemheni ucharatidza kana iyi yakazara system nzira iri kubudirira.
kubudirira
Kuburikidza nekuedza kwakatsaurirwa uye kuwedzera kuisirwa kwenzira dzekudzivirira dzemheni, zvikanganiso zvine chekuita nemheni zvasvika pakachinja.
Semazuva ese kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo kana uchida rumwe ruzivo ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kuti utaure nesu ku sales@lsp-international.com
Chenjera kunze uko! Shanyira www.lsp-international.com kune yako ese mheni kudzivirira zvido. Titevere isu Twitter, Facebook uye LinkedIn mamwe mashoko.
Wenzhou Arrester Electric Co., Ltd. (LSP) inogadzira zvizere zveChinese-zve AC & DC SPDs kune akasiyana maindasitiri pasirese.
LSP inopa zvinotevera zvigadzirwa uye mhinduro:
- AC surge protection device (SPD) ye-low-voltage power systems kubva ku75Vac kusvika ku1000Vac maererano neIEC 61643-11: 2011 uye EN 61643-11: 2012 (type test test: T1, T1 + T2, T2, T3).
- DC surge protection device (SPD) ye photovolatics kubva ku500Vdc kusvika 1500Vdc maererano neIEC 61643-31: 2018 uye EN 50539-11: 2013 [EN 61643-31: 2019] (type test test: T1 + T2, T2)
- Dhata siginari yekumhanyisa inodzivirira yakadai sePoE (Simba pamusoro peEthernet) dziviriro yekuwedzera maererano neIEC 61643-21: 2011 uye EN 61643-21: 2012 (mhando bvunzo kupatsanura: T2).
- Mwenje yemigwagwa ye LED inowedzera mudziviriri
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