Funga nezve kuchengetedzwa kwekuwedzera seye bouncer pahusiku kirabhu. Anogona kungorega vamwe vanhu vapinde nekukurumidza kukanda vanokanganisa. Kuwedzera kunakidza? Zvakanaka, yakanaka imba-yekudzivirira yekudzivirira chishandiso inoita chaizvo zvakafanana chinhu. Iyo inobvumira mune chete magetsi ayo imba yako inoda uye kwete asingadzoreki pamusoro-ma voltages kubva kune iyo yekushandisa-ipapo inodzivirira ako zvishandiso kubva kune chero dambudziko rinogona kuitika kubva kune surges mukati meimba. Yese-imba yekumusoro inodzivirira michina (SPDs) inowanzo wired kune yemagetsi basa bhokisi uye iri padhuze kuchengetedza zvese zvishandiso nemagetsi masystem mumba.

Makumi masere muzana emasaji mumusha tinozvigadzira

Kufanana nemazhinji emakanzuru ekudzvinyirira, isu tajaira, imba yese-vadziviriri vadziviriri vanoshandisa simbi oxide varistors (MOVs), kudzima simba masuru. MaMOV anowana yakaipa rap nekuti mukukanda mabhureki kumwe kumhanya kunogona kugumisa zvinobetsera kweMOV. Asi kusiyana neiya anoshandiswa mune akawanda mabhureki emabhureki, iwo ari mune ese-imba masisitimu akavakirwa kuti abvise mahombe makuru uye anogona kugara kwemakore. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, vazhinji vanovaka dzimba nhasi varikupa dziviriro yeimba yese seyakajairwa kubatsira kubatsira kuzvisiyanisa uye kubatsira kuchengetedza varidzi vedzimba mune zvemagetsi-kunyanya kana mamwe eaya masisitimu akaomarara anogona kutengeswa nemugadziri wemba.

Hezvino zvinhu zvishanu zvaunofanira kuziva nezvese-imba yekudzivirira kudzivirira:

1. Dzimba dziri kuda zvakanyanya imba yese kudzivirirwa nhasi kupfuura nakare kose.

"Zvakawanda zvachinja mumba mumakore apfuura," anodaro nyanzvi yedu. “Kune mamwe akawanda emagetsi, uye kunyangwe mumwenje nemaLED, kana ukatora LED kwakaparadzana pane kadiki kadunhu bhodhi ipapo. Washers, dryers, midziyo yemagetsi zvakare ine mabhodhi ematunhu nhasi, saka kune zvimwe zvakawanda nhasi kuti zvichengetedzwe mumba kubva pamagetsi emagetsi-kunyangwe mwenje wemba. "Pane hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwatiri kuisa mudzimba dzedu."

2. Mheni haisiyo njodzi huru kune zvemagetsi uye mamwe masisitimu ari mumba.

"Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga nezvemasaji semheni, asi makumi masere muzana emabhudzi anononoka [kupfupika, kuputika kwakanyanya], uye tinozvigadzira isu pachedu," inodaro nyanzvi. "Zviri mukati memusha." MaJenareta nemamota senge iwo ari mumhepo mayunitsi uye zvishandiso anounza madiki mageji mumigwagwa yemagetsi yemumba. "Kashoma kuti kuvhiya kumwe kukuru kuburitse midziyo yemagetsi nezvose panguva imwe chete," anotsanangura kudaro Pluemer, asi iwo ma-mini-surges pamusoro pemakore anozowedzera, kudzikisira mashandiro emagetsi uye kutapudza hupenyu hwavo hunobatsira.

3. Imba yese yekudzivirira inodzivirira mamwe magetsi.

Iwe unogona kubvunza, "Kana mazhinji emasaji anokuvadza ari mumba achibva kumachina senge AC mayuniti nemidziyo, nei uchinetsekana neimba-yese yekudzivirirwa kwepamhepo pabreaker breaker?" Mhinduro ndeyekuti chishandiso kana sisitimu padunhu rakazvitsaurira, senge yemhepo inoisa mweya, inotumira iyo yekumhanya ichidzoka kuburikidza nepanetsi, panogona kuvharirwa kuchengetedza zvese zviri mumba, nyanzvi inodaro.

4. Imba yese yekudzivirira inofanirwa kuve yakaturikidzana.

Kana mudziyo kana mudziyo ukatumira kubhururuka kuburikidza nedunhu rakagovaniswa pakati pezvimwe zvishandiso uye zvisina kuzvipira, saka izvo zvimwe zvitoro zvinogona kubatwa nehutachiona, ndosaka iwe usiri kuzvida iko chete panhengo yemagetsi. Kuchengetedzwa kwekuwedzera kunofanirwa kuve kwakaturikidzana mumba kuti kuve kune ese ari maviri pasevhisi sevhisi kuchengetedza imba yese uye panguva yekushandisa kuchengetedza inonzwisisika zvemagetsi. Simba rinogadzirisa nehutachiona hwekudzvinyirira kugona, pamwe nekwanisi yekupa simba rakapepetwa kumidziyo yemavhidhiyo / vhidhiyo, zvinokurudzirwa kune dzakawanda dzimba dzemitambo uye masisitimu evaraidzo epamba.

5. Chii chekutarisa mukati meimba yese yekuchengetedza michina.

Mazhinji dzimba dzine 120-volt sevhisi dzinogona kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana ine 80kA-ratidziro yekusimudzira dziviriro. Mikana imba haisi kuenda kuzoona mahombe mahombe e50kA kusvika 100kA. Kunyangwe mheni dziri padyo dzinofamba pamusoro pemagetsi tambo dzichaparadzwa nenguva iyo kukwidza kunosvika paimba. Imba haimbozoona kuwedzera pamusoro pe10kA. Nekudaro, chishandiso chakarongedzwa ne10kA chinogamuchira 10kA surge, semuenzaniso, chingangoshandisa iyo MOV surge-shunting kugona neiyo imwe surge, saka chimwe chinhu muchirongwa che80kA chinoita kuti igare kwenguva yakareba. Dzimba dzine subpanels dzinofanirwa kunge dzakawedzera kuchengetedzwa kweinenge hafu yeiyo kA chiyero cheiyo huru unit Kana paine mheni yakawanda munzvimbo kana kana paine chivakwa chinoshandisa michina inorema padyo, tsvaga chiyero che80kA.

Iyo yekuremerwa manejimendi system inobvumidza maindasitiri manejimendi uye zvivakwa mainjiniya kudzora kana mutoro ukawedzerwa kana kudururwa kubva pasimba sisitimu, ichiita inowirirana masisitimu akasimba uye nekuvandudza mhando yemagetsi kumatoro akakosha pane akawanda masisitimu ekugadzira magetsi. Mune fomu yakapusa, manejimendi manejimendi, anonziwo mutoro unowedzera / kudurura kana kudzora mutoro, inobvumira kubviswa kwemitoro isiri yakakosha kana kugona kwesimba remagetsi kwadzikira kana kutadza kutsigira mutoro wese.

Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uone kana mutoro uchida kudonhedzwa kana kuwedzerwa zvakare

Kana iyo isingakoshese mitoro ikabviswa, mitoro yakakosha inogona kuchengetedza simba pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu kwavangangowana zvakasarudzika simba remhando yepamusoro nekuda kweyakawandisa mamiriro kana kurasikirwa nesimba nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Iyo inobvumira kubviswa kweasina-akakosha mitoro kubva pasimba rekugadzira system inoenderana nemamwe mamiriro akaita sejenareta kuwandisa mamiriro.

Kutakura mutoro kunoita kuti mitoro iiswe pekutanga uye ibviswe kana kuwedzerwa, zvichibva pane mamwe mamiriro akadai sejenareta mutoro, zvinobuda voltage, kana AC frequency. Pane yakawanda-jenareta system, kana jenareta imwe ikavhara kana isingawanikwe, manejimendi manejimendi inogonesa yakaderera zvinhu mitoro kubviswa kubva mubhazi.

Iyo inovandudza mhando yemagetsi uye inovimbisa kuti mitoro yese iri kushanda

Izvi zvinoona kuti mitoro yakakosha ichiri kushanda kunyangwe nehurongwa hune huwandu hwenzvimbo hwakadzikira pane hwakarongwa pakutanga. Uye zvakare, nekudzora kuti mangani uye ndeapi asinganetsi mutoro anodururwa, manejimendi manejimendi anogona kugonesa huwandu huwandu hwemitoro isiri yakakosha kupihwa simba zvichienderana neicho chaicho system kugona. Mune masisitimu mazhinji, manejimendi manejimendi anokwanisa zvakare kugadzirisa mhando yemagetsi.

Semuenzaniso, mumasisitimu ane mota hombe, kutanga kwemota kunogona kudzadzikana kubvumidza yakagadzika sisitimu painotanga mota imwe neimwe. Kutakura kwemitoro kunogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzora mutoro bhangi saka kana mitoro iri pazasi peyakada muganho bhangi remutoro rinogona kumisikidzwa, kuona kushanda kwakanaka kwejenareta.

Kutakura mutoro kunogona kupawo kurerukirwa kwemutoro kuitira kuti jenareta rimwe chete rigone kubatana kubhazi risingaremerwe ipapo ipapo. Mitoro inogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe nekunonoka kwenguva pakati pekuwedzera wega mutoro wekutanga, zvichigonesa iyo jenareta kuti idzokere voltage uye kuwanda pakati pematanho.

Kune akawanda zviitiko apo manejimendi manejimendi anogona kusimudzira kuvimbika kwesimba rekugadzira system. Maapplication mashoma apo iko kushandiswa kwemutoro manejimendi inogona kuitwa inosimbiswa pazasi.

• Maitiro akafanana anoenderana
• Yakafa-munda inoenderana system
• Imwe chete jenareta masisitimu
• Maitiro ane akasarudzika emweya anodikanwa

Maitiro akafanana anoenderana

Mazhinji masisitimu akaenzana anoenderana akashandisa kune imwe mhando yemutoro manejimendi nekuti mutoro unofanirwa kupihwa simba nejenareta imwe chete vamwe vasati vayananise pairi uye kuwedzera simba rekugadzira simba. Uyezve, jenareta iyeye anogona kunge asingakwanise kuendesa masimba emagetsi emutoro wese.

Maitiro akaenzana anoenderana anotanga ese majenareta panguva imwe chete, asi haakwanise kuenderana kune mumwe pasina mumwe wavo anopa simba bhazi rakafanana. Mumwe jenareta anosarudzwa kuti asimbise bhazi kuti vamwe vagone kuenderana naro. Kunyangwe majenareta mazhinji achiwanzorongedzerwa uye akabatana nebhazi rinoenderana mukati memasekondi mashoma ekutanga kuvhara jenareta, hazvishamise kuti maitiro ekubvumirana atore kusvika paminiti, yakareba zvakakwana kuti kuwedzeresa kuita kuti jenareta ivhare pasi kuzvidzivirira.

Mamwe majenareta anogona kuswedera padyo nebhazi rakafa mushure mekunge jenareta yavhara, asi ivo vanozove nemutoro mumwe chete wakonzera kuti imwe jenareta iremedzwe, saka vangangozvibata zvakafanana (kunze kwekunge majenareta ari akasiyana saizi). Uye zvakare, zvinogona kuomera majenareta kuti aenzanise kune rakazara bhazi nekuda kwemagetsi asina kujairika uye frequency mazinga kana kuwanda uye kuwanda kwemagetsi, saka kuiswa kwemutoro manejimendi kunogona kubatsira kuunza mamwe majenareta online nekukurumidza.

Inopa hutano hwakanaka hwemagetsi kumatoro akakosha

Iyo yakanyatsogadziriswa mutoro manejimendi sisitimu inowanzo kupa kunaka kwesimba mhando kune yakakosha mitoro panguva yekuwiriranisa maitiro nekuona kuti iwo epamhepo majenareta haana kuwandisa, kunyangwe iyo yekuwiriranisa maitiro anotora nguva yakareba kupfuura yaitarisirwa. Kutakura kwemitoro kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzakawanda. Sisitimu dzinoenderana dzinoenderana kazhinji dzinodzorwa neyakafanana switchgear, ino yakafanana switchgear inowanzo iine programmable logic control (PLC) kana imwe logic mudziyo unodzora kuteedzana kwekushanda kwesisitimu. Iyo logic mudziyo mune inoenderana switchgear inogona zvakare kuita iyo mutoro manejimendi.

Kutakura kwemitoro kunogona kuitwa neakasiyana mutoro manejimendi manejimendi, ayo anogona kupa metering kana anogona kushandisa ruzivo kubva kune inoenderana switchgear kutonga kuona jenareta kurodha uye kuwanda. Iyo yekuvaka manejimendi sisitimu inogona zvakare kuita mutoro manejimendi, kudzora mitoro nekutarisira manejimendi uye kubvisa kudikanwa kwekuchinja kwekukanganisa simba kwavari.

Vakafa-munda inoenderana masisitimu

Kufa-munda kuenzanirana kwakasiyana neyakajairwa kuenderana nekuti magenereta ese anogona kufananidzwa magetsi avo asati agadziriswa uye mamwe masimendi anofara.

Kana majenareta ese ari akafa-munda inoenderana sisitimu anotanga zvakajairika, iyo sisitimu yemagetsi inosvika yakatemwa magetsi uye frequency ine izere simba rekugadzira kugona inowanika kuendesa mutoro. Nekuti iyo yakafa-munda kuenzanirana kuteedzana haidi jenareta imwe chete kuti isimbise inoenderana bhazi, mutoro manejimendi haifanire kudira mutoro panguva yakajairika system kutanga.

Nekudaro, sekufanana neyakajairika inoenderana masisitimu, kutanga uye kumisa kweayo ega majenareta zvinogoneka neyakafa-munda yakafanana. Kana jenareta iri pasi kuitira sevhisi kana kumira pane chimwe chikonzero, mamwe majenareta anogona kunge akaremerwa. Nekudaro, manejimendi manejimendi anogona kunge achiri kubatsira mune izvi zvinoshandiswa, zvakafanana neyakaenzana maitiro masisitimu.

Kufa-munda kuenzanirana kunowanzoitwa neakafanana-anokwanisa jenareta madhairekita, asi zvakare inogona kuitwa nekufananidza switchgear yekumisikidza. Vanoenderana-vanokwanisa jenareta vanodzora vanowanzo kupa yakavakirwa-mukati mutoro manejimendi, ichibvumira mutoro wekutanga kutungamirwa zvakananga nevatungamiriri uye kubvisa kudiwa kwekufananidza switchgear controllers.

Yakasarudzika jenareta Systems

Imwe chete jenareta masystem kazhinji haanyanyo kuomarara pane avo vakafanana vamwe. Sisitimu dzakadai dzinogona kushandisa manejimendi manejimendi kudzora mitoro kana ichinge yakatarisana nemitoro yepakati kana mutoro misiyano.

Mutoro wepakati-senge mafirita, ovhiri induction uye maelevhe - haidhori simba rinoenderera, asi inogona kusiana masimba anodikanwa nekukasira uye zvakanyanya. Mutoro wekutakura unogona kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo jenareta inokwanisa kubata yakajairwa mutoro, asi pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu epakati mitoro inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwesisitimu pamusoro pesimba rakakura simba rejenareta, zvinogona kukuvadza iro simba remhando yeinoburitsa jenareta. kana kukonzera kuvhara kwekudzivirira. Mutoro manejimendi unogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzedzesa kushandiswa kwemitoro kune jenareta, kudzikisira iyo voltage uye frequency kusiana kunokonzerwa nekumhanyisa kune makuru mota mota.

Kutakura kwemitoro kunogona kubatsirawo kana makodhi emuno achida mutoro wekudzora masisitimu uko iyo yakatemwa jenareta kuburitsa ikozvino iri shoma pane yekupinda sevhisi ratidziro yazvino.

Maitiro ane Akakosha Emissions Zvinodikanwa

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenzvimbo, pane mashoma mutoro zvinodiwa kune jenareta chero nguva painenge ichishanda. Mune ino kesi, mutoro manejimendi unogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza mitoro pane jenareta kubatsira kusangana nezvinodiwa nemweya. Kune ichi chishandiso, iyo yemagetsi gadziriro sisitimu inokosheswa neiyo inodzora mutoro bhangi. Iyo yekuremerwa manejimendi sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kusimbisa mitoro dzakasiyana siyana mubhangi remutoro kuchengetedza iyo jenareta system kuburitsa simba pamusoro pechikumbaridzo.

Mamwe majenareta masisitimu anosanganisira Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), iyo inowanzo kuda kugadziridzwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, injini dzinotora kusvika ku50% yemagetsi akayerwa panguva yekumiswazve kwePRF, uye inogona kuwedzera mutoro wekutakura mutoro kuti ibvise mimwe mitoro panguva iyoyo.

Kunyangwe manejimendi manejimendi achigona kuvandudza simba remagetsi kumatoro akakosha mune chero system, inogona kuwedzera kunonoka mimwe mimwe mitoro isati yawana simba, kuwedzera kuomarara kwekuisirwa uye kuwedzera huwandu hwakakura hwekuyedza wiring pamwe nezvikamu zvemitengo, senge makondirakiti kana ma breaker wedunhu. . Zvimwe zvekushandisa uko manejimendi manejimendi angave asina basa akatsanangurwa pazasi.

Saizvozvo Saizi Yakasarudzika jenareta

Iko kunowanzo kuve pasina kudikanwa kweiyo mutoro manejimendi sisitimu pane yakaenzana saizi jenareta imwe, seyakawandisa mamiriro isingaite, uye kudzimwa kwejenareta kunoguma nemitoro yese kurasikirwa nesimba, zvisinei nezvakakosha.

Kufananidza Magenereta eRudundancy

Mutoro wekutarisira kazhinji hauna basa mumamiriro ezvinhu paine majenareta anowirirana uye simba remasaiti rinokwanisa kutsigirwa nechero ipi yejenareta, sezvo kutadza kwejenareta kuchizoguma kwaita imwe jenareta kutanga, nekungokanganisa kwenguva pfupi mumutoro.

Yese Mitoro yakaenzana Zvakakosha

Panzvimbo dzinotakurwa zvakaenzana, zvinonetsa kuisa pamberi pezviremerwa, kukanda mimwe mitoro yakakosha kuitira kuti uenderere mberi nekupa simba kune mimwe mitoro yakakosha. Mukushandisa uku, jenareta (kana jenareta yega yega mune yakasarudzika system) inofanirwa kuve yakaenzana saizi kutsigira iyo yakazara yakakosha mutoro.

Kukuvadza kubva kumagetsi emagetsi, kana ma surges, ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvinotungamira zvemagetsi kukundikana. Chinhu chemagetsi chinopera chinguva chipfupi, simba-rekusimudzira iro rinowaniswa neyakajairika magetsi magetsi chero nguva paine shanduko kamwe kamwe mudunhu remagetsi. Ivo vanogona kubva kune akasiyana masosi, zvese zvemukati nekunze kune imwe nzvimbo.

Kwete kungoti mheni chete

Sosi iri pachena kubva kumheni, asi ma surges anogona zvakare kuuya kubva kune zvakajairika mashandisirwo ekuchinja mashandisirwo kana kusaziva kwegadziriro kwevatyairi vemagetsi (senge apo tambo yemagetsi yepamusoro inowira pasi). Mafuru angangouya kubva mukati mechivako kana chivakwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakadai semakisi efeksi, makopi, maacircon, maelevator, mota / pombi, kana arc welders, kungodoma mashoma. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, dunhu remagetsi rinongoerekana raoneswa kune yakakura simba rinogona kukanganisa midziyo iri kupihwa simba.

Aya anotevera ndiwo marongero ekudzivirira ekuchengetedza maitiro emagetsi kubva kune anoparadza mhedzisiro yemagetsi ane simba. Kuchengetedzwa kwekukwirisa uko kwakaringana saizi uye kumisikidzwa kwakabudirira kwazvo mukudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo, kunyanya kune inonamira michina yemagetsi inowanikwa mumidziyo mizhinji nhasi.

Kuita pasi kwakakosha

Chigadzirwa chekudzivirira chekudzivirira (SPD), chinozivikanwawo seinopera simba mweya inodzvinyirira (TVSS), yakagadzirirwa kutepfenyura kumusoro-kwazvino mageji pasi uye kupfuura nemidziyo yako, nekudaro ichideredza iwo magetsi anofadzwa pamidziyo. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti nzvimbo yako ive yakanaka, yakaderera-kusagadzikana pasi system, iine imwechete pasi poindi poindi kune iyo nzvimbo yeese masisitimu ekuvaka akabatanidzwa.

Pasina yakakodzera pasi system, hapana nzira yekudzivirira kubva kuma surges. Bvunza munhu ane rezinesi wemagetsi kuti uone kuti yako yekuparadzira magetsi system yakavakirwa zvinoenderana neNational Electric Code (NFPA 70).

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza

Nzira dzakanakisa dzekudzivirira ako emagetsi magetsi kubva kune yakakwira-magetsi magetsi mageji kuisa maSPD zvine hungwaru munzvimbo yako yese. Tichifunga nezvekuti ma surges anogona kubva kune ese epakati uye ekunze masosi, SPDs inofanirwa kuiswa kuti ipe yakanyanya kuchengetedzwa zvisinei nekwaanobva nzvimbo. Neichi chikonzero, iyo "Zone yeKudzivirirwa" nzira inowanzo shandiswa.

Nhanho yekutanga yekudzivirira inoitwa nekuisa SPD pane yakakosha sevhisi yekupinda sevhisi (kureva, panowana simba rekushandisa munzvimbo iyi). Izvi zvinopa dziviriro kubva kumagetsi emagetsi anouya kubva kunze, senge mheni kana zvishandiso zvenguva pfupi.

Nekudaro, iyo SPD yakaisirwa pamusuwo webasa haizodziviriri pamasaji emukati anogadzirwa. Uye zvakare, haazi ese esimba simba kubva kunze kwemapirizi anoparadzirwa pasi neiyo yekupinda sevhisi mudziyo. Neichi chikonzero, maSPD anofanirwa kuiswa pane ese mapaneru ekuparadzira mukati mechinzvimbo chinopa simba kune akakosha michina.

Saizvozvowo, nzvimbo yechitatu yekuchengetedza yaizowanikwa nekuisa maPSD imomo kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chemidziyo iri kuchengetedzwa, senge makomputa kana zvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa nemakomputa. Nzvimbo yega yega yekudzivirira inowedzera pakudzivirirwa kwese kwenzvimbo sezvo yega yega ichibatsira kuwedzera kudzikisa magetsi ari pachena kumidziyo yakachengetedzwa

Kurongeka kweSPDs

Iyo yekupinda sevhisi SPD inopa yekutanga tambo yekudzivirira kubva kumagetsi emagetsi echinzvimbo nekutsausa yakakwira-simba, kunze kwemasaji kuenda pasi. Iyo zvakare inoderedza iro simba reyero yekusimuka inopinda mukati meiyo nhanho inogona kubatwa nemidziyo yekudzika padhuze nemutoro. Naizvozvo, kuwirirana kwakaringana kwePSDs kunodiwa kuti tirege kukuvadza maPSD akaiswa pane ekuparadzira mapaneru kana enzvimbo pamidziyo iri panjodzi.

Kana kubatana kusingawanikwe, simba rakawandisa kubva mukuparadzira mafuru rinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kune Zoni 2 uye Zone 3 SPDs uye nekuparadza chishandiso chauri kuedza kuchengetedza.

Kusarudza yakakodzera Surge Protective Devices (SPD) inogona kuita kunge rinotyisa basa nemhando dzese dzakasiyana pamusika nhasi. Iyo yekuwedzera chiyero kana kA chiyero cheiyo SPD ndiyo imwe yeasina kunzwisiswa ratings. Vatengi vanowanzo bvunza SPD kuchengetedza yavo 200 Amp pani uye pane tsika yekufunga kuti yakakura ipaneru, yakakura iyo kA kifaa chiyero chinofanirwa kuve chekudzivirira asi uku kusanzwisisika kwakajairika.

Kana surge ichipinda panhare, haina basa kana kuziva kukura kwepaneru. Saka unoziva sei kana iwe uchifanira kushandisa 50kA, 100kA kana 200kA SPD? Chaizvoizvo, iyo hombe kuvhiya iyo inogona kupinda muchivakwa wiring ndeye 10kA, sekutsanangurwa kwayakaitwa muIEEE C62.41 standard. Saka nei ungazomboda SPD yakatarwa ye200kA? Zvichingotaurwa - zvehupenyu hurefu.

Saka mumwe anogona kufunga: kana 200kA yakanaka, saka 600kA inofanira kunge iri nani katatu, handiti? Kwete hazvo. Pane imwe nguva, iyo chiyero inoderedza kudzoka kwayo, ichingowedzera imwe mari uye pasina chakakosha kubatsirwa. Sezvo mazhinji maSPD pamusika achishandisa simbi oxide varistor (MOV) seyakanyanya kudzikisira chishandiso, tinogona kuongorora kuti / nei yakakwira kA ratings inowanikwa. Kana MOV yakarongerwa 10kA uye ikaona 10kA kuwedzera, yaizoshandisa zana muzana reyayo. Izvi zvinogona kutaridzika zvakati fananei netangi gasi, uko kuferefetwa kuchadzikisira MOV zvishoma (haisisiri iyo 100% yakazara). Iye zvino kana iyo SPD iine ma100kA MOVs akafanana, inogona kuverengerwa 10kA.

Pfungwa, maMoVs anogovera zvakapatsanura kuwedzera kwe10kA, saka imwe neimwe yaizotora 5kA. Mune ino kesi, MOV yega yega yakangoshandisa 50% yeavo kugona iyo inoshatisa iyo MOV zvakanyanya kushoma (ichisiya zvimwe kuruboshwe mutangi kune ramangwana masaji).

Paunenge uchisarudza iyo SPD yeakapihwa kunyorera, pane akati wandei mafungidziro ayo anofanira kuitwa:

Application:

Ita shuwa kuti iyo SPD yakagadzirirwa iyo nharaunda yekudzivirira iyo yaizoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, SPD pamusuwo webasa inofanirwa kugadzirirwa kubata makuru ekuwedzera anokonzerwa nemheni kana kushandurwa kwesimba.

System voltage uye kugadzirisa

SPDs yakagadzirirwa mamwe magetsi emagetsi uye magadzirirwo edunhu. Semuenzaniso, yako yekupinda sevhisi michina inogona kupihwa matatu-chikamu simba pa480 / 277 V mune ina-tambo wye kubatana, asi komputa yemuno yakaiswa kune imwechete-chikamu, 120 V inopa.

Rega-kuburikidza nemagetsi

Iyi ndiyo voltage iyo iyo SPD inobvumidza iyo yakachengetedzwa michina kuti iiswe pachena. Nekudaro, iyo inogona kukuvara kwemidziyo inoenderana nekuti inguvai iyo michina yakafumurwa kune ino let-kuburikidza nemagetsi zvine chekuita neyekugadzira dhizaini. Mune mamwe mazwi, michina inowanzo gadzirirwa kumira yakakwira voltage kwenguva pfupi kwazvo yenguva uye kudzikisa magetsi marefu kwenguva yakareba.

Iyo Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) kuburitswa "Nongedzo paMagetsi Simba reAkaita Data Kugadziridza Kuisirwa" (FIPS Pub. DU294) inopa ruzivo pamusoro pehukama pakati pekunamatira voltage, system voltage, uye kuwedzera nguva.

Semuenzaniso, chinoderera pane 480 V mutsetse unogara makumi maviri emakemikari anokwira anogona kukwira kusvika kungangoita 20V pasina michina inokuvadza yakagadzirirwa iyi nhungamiro. Asi kumhanya kwakatenderedza 3400 V kunogona kutsigirwa kwemazana microseconds pasina kukuvadza. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yakadzika iyo clamp voltage, zvirinani kuchengetedzwa.

Kuwedzera ikozvino

SPDs yakatarwa kuti ichinjise zvakachengetedzeka huwandu hwakapihwa hwekuwedzera ikozvino pasina kukundikana. Ichi chiyero chinotangira kubva kuzviuru zvishoma amps kusvika ku400 kiloamperes (kA) kana zvimwe. Nekudaro, avhareji yazvino emheni yemheni inongori ingangoita makumi maviri kA., Nenzvimbo dzakayerwa dzakakwirira dzichingo pfuura 20 kA. Mheni inorova tambo yemagetsi ichafamba mumativi ese, saka hafu chete yazvino inofamba ichienda kunzvimbo yako. Pakati penzira, mamwe emvura anokwanisa kudzikira pasi kuburikidza nemidziyo yekushandisa.

Naizvozvo, izvo zvingangoitika parizvino pamusuwo webasa kubva paavhareji mheni yekurovera iri kumwe kunenge 10 kA. Uye zvakare, dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika dzinowanzo tarira mheni kupfuura dzimwe. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakufunga kuti saizii SPD yakakodzera kune yako application.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti utarise kuti iyo SPD yakatarwa pa20 kA inogona kukwana kudzivirira kubva paavhareji mheni yekurovera uye mazhinji emagetsi anogadzirwa mukati, asi SPD iyo yakatarwa 100 kA ichakwanisa kubata mamwe ma surges pasina kutsiva anosunga kana fuses.

Standards

Ese maPSD anofanirwa kuyedzwa zvinoenderana neANSI / IEEE C62.41 uye anyore kuUL 1449 (2nd Edition) yekuchengetedza.

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) inoda zvimwe mamaki kuve pane chero UL yakanyorwa kana inozivikanwa SPD. Mamwe ma parameter akakosha uye anofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza SPD anosanganisira:

SPD Rudzi

yaishandiswa kurondedzera nzvimbo yaishandiswa yekushandisa yePSD, kungave kuri kumusoro kana kuzasi kwechinhu chikuru chidziviriro cheiyo nzvimbo. Mhando dzeSPD dzinosanganisira:

Nyorai 1

Iyo SPD yakabatana zvachose yakagadzirirwa kumisikidza pakati pechipiri cheiyo shanduko yebasa uye nedivi rerutivi rwechigadzirwa chesevhisi mudziyo, pamwe nerutivi rwemutoro, kusanganisira watt-awa yemamita socket yakavharwa uye Yakaumbwa Nyaya SPDs, inoitirwa kuiswa pasina kunze kwekudzivirira kwekudzivirira.

Nyorai 2

Iyo SPD yakabatana zvachose yakagadzirirwa kuisirwa padivi remutoro wechishandiso chemidziyo yebasa overcurrent, kusanganisira maPSD ari padanho rebazi uye Moulded Case SPDs.

Nyorai 3

Nzvimbo yekushandisa SPDs, yakaiswa padiki padiki conductor kureba kwemamita gumi (10 tsoka) kubva kune yemagetsi sevhisi pombi kusvika padanho rekushandisa, semuenzaniso, tambo yakabatana, yakananga plug-in, yekugashira mhando SPDs yakaiswa pane yekushandisa michina iri kuchengetedzwa . Iyo nhambwe (gumi metres) ndeye yakasarudzika yemakondakita anopihwa kana anoshandiswa kubatanidza SPDs.

Nyorai 4

Component Assemblies -, iyo Chikamu cheComponent chine chimwe kana kupfuura mhando dzeType 5 pamwe chete nedonzvo (remukati kana rekunze) kana nzira yekuteerera nemiyedzo mishoma yazvino.

Nyora 1, 2, 3 Chikamu Assemblies

Inosanganisira yerudzi rwechina chikamu chemusangano pamwe nekunze kana kwekunze pfupi dunhu redziviriro.

Nyorai 5

Disrete discrete surge suppressors, senge MOVs dzinogona kuiswa paPWB, dzakabatana neinotungamira kana kupihwa mukati meyakavharwa nenzira dzekumisikidza uye kumisa wiring.

Chezita system voltage

Inofanirwa kuenzanisa utility system voltage panofanirwa kuiswa mudziyo

MCOV

Iyo Yakakwira Inoenderera Inoshanda Kushanda Voltage, iyi ndiyo yakanyanya voltage iyo mudziyo unogona kumira pamberi pekuitisa (kubaya) kunotanga. Izvo zvinowanzoita 15-25% yakakwira kupfuura yezita system voltage.

Chezita Kubuda Kwazvino (I_n)

Ndiyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yezvazvino, kuburikidza neiyo SPD ine yazvino waveshape ye8 / 20 uko iyo SPD inoramba ichishanda mushure me15 surges. Iko kukosha kwepamusoro kunosarudzwa nemugadziri kubva padanho rakatemerwa UL raakaisa. Ini (n) nhanho dzinosanganisira 3kA, 5kA, 10kA uye 20kA uye zvinogona zvakare kugumira neRudzi rweSPD pasi pekuedzwa.

VPR

Voltage Dziviriro Rating. Chiyero paongororo yazvino ye ANSI / UL 1449, zvichiratidza "kutenderera kumusoro" avhareji yakayerwa magetsi ekuderedza ePSD apo SPD inoiswa pamusoro pekuputika kunogadzirwa ne6 kV, 3 kA 8/20's mubatanidzwa waveform jenareta. VPR ndeye kuyera kwemagetsi kuyera iyo yakakomberedzwa kusvika kune imwe yetafura yakaenzana yemitengo. Chiyero cheVPR chakatarwa chinosanganisira 330, 400, 500, 600, 700, nezvimwe. Sehurongwa hwechiyero chakamisikidzwa, VPR inobvumidza kuenzanisa pakati pezvakaita SPDs (kureva zvakafanana Type uye Voltage).

SCCR

Pfupi Dunhu Razvino Chiyero. Kukodzera kweiyo SPD yekushandisa pane AC simba redunhu iro rinokwanisa kuendesa kwete kupfuura yakaziviswa RMS symmetrical yazvino pane yakaziviswa magetsi panguva pfupi yedunhu mamiriro. SCCR haina kufanana neAIC (Amp Kuvhiringidza Kugona). SCCR ndiyo huwandu hwe "inowanikwa" yazvino iyo iyo SPD inogona kuiswa pasi uye nekuchengetedzeka zvakachengeteka kubva kune iro sosi sosi pasi pemupfupi wedunhu mamiriro. Huwandu hwazvino "hwakavhiringidzwa" nePSD hunowanzo kuve hwakaderera zvishoma pane "huripo" hwazvino.

Mukomberedzwa chiyero

Inoona kuti chiyero cheNEMA cheyakavharirwa chinoenderana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza panzvimbo panofanirwa kuiswa mudziyo.

Kunyangwe ichiwanzoshandiswa semazwi akapatsanurwa muindasitiri yekumhanyisa, Zvishoma uye maSurge ndizvo zvakafanana chiitiko. Transients uye Surges inogona kuve yazvino, magetsi, kana ese ari maviri uye inogona kuve neepamusoro tsika kupfuura 10kA kana 10kV. Iwo anowanzo ari epfupi pfupi kwenguva (kazhinji> 10 µs & <1 ms), ine waveform iyo inomhanya nekukwira kusvika kumusoro uye inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma.

Transients uye Surges inogona kukonzerwa nevekunze masosi senge mheni kana pfupi dunhu, kana kubva mukati mekunze senge Contactor switching, Variable Speed ​​Drives, Capacitor switching, nezvimwe.

Kukwidziridzwa kwenguva pfupi (TOVs) ari oscillatory

Chikamu-kune-pasi kana chikamu-kune-chikamu kuwanda kwemhepo uko kunogona kugara zvishoma se mashoma masekondi kana sekureba semaminetsi akati wandei. Zvitubu zve TOV zvinosanganisira kukanganisa kudzora, kutakura mutoro, pasi impedance shifts, imwechete-chikamu zvikanganiso uye Ferroresonance mhedzisiro kutumidza mashoma.

Nekuda kwemagetsi avo angangoita akakwirira uye kureba kwenguva yakareba, ma TOV anogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune MOV-based SPD's. Yakawedzerwa TOV inogona kukonzera kusingaperi kukuvara kune SPD uye kupa iyo unit isingashande. Ziva kuti nepo ANSI / UL 1449 ichiona kuti iyo SPD haizogadzi njodzi yekuchengetedza pasi pemamiriro aya; SPDs hazviwanzo yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza michina yekudzika kubva kuchiitiko che TOV.

zvishandiso zvinonyanya kunetseka kune zvinopfuura mune mamwe modhi kupfuura mamwe

Vazhinji vatengesi vanopa line-to-neutral (LN), line-to-ground (LG), uye neutral-to-ground (NG) kudzivirirwa mukati maPSD avo. Uye vamwe izvozvi vanopa dura-ku-mutsetse (LL) dziviriro. Iyo nharo ndeyekuti nekuti iwe hauzive kuti iko kunopera kuchaitika, kuve nemamodhi ese akadzivirirwa achaona kuti hapana kukuvara kunoitika. Nekudaro, zvishandiso zvinonyanya kunetseka kune zvinopfuura mune mamwe modhi kupfuura mamwe.

LN uye NG dziviriro yemamodhi chinhu chinogamuchirwa chidiki, nepo LG modes dzichigona kuita kuti iyo SPD iwedzere kusangana nekuwanda kwekutadza. Mune akawanda masisitimu emagetsi masystem, LN yakabatana SPD modes zvakare inopa dziviriro kubva kuLL inopfuura. Nekudaro, yakavimbika, isinganyanyo kuomarara "yakadzora nzira" SPD inodzivirira ma modhi ese.

Mazhinji-modhi ekuwedzera ekuchengetedza ekuchengetedza (SPDs) michina inosanganisira dzinoverengeka dzePSD zvikamu mukati meimwe package. Aya "modes" ekudzivirira anogona kubatanidzwa LN, LL, LG, uye NG pamatanho matatu. Kuva nedziviriro mune yega nzira kunopa chengetedzo yemitoro kunyanya kurwisana neyemukati inogadzirwa yapasi apo ivhu rinogona kunge risiri nzira yekudzoka inodiwa.

Mune kumwe kunyorera kwakadai sekushandisa SPD pamusuwo wevhisi uko kwese kwazvakarerekera uye nzvimbo dzepasi dzakasungwa hapana bhenefiti yeakasiyana LN uye LG modes, zvisinei sezvo iwe uchienderera kumberi mukugovera uye pane kupatsanurwa kubva kune iyo yakajairwa NG chisungo, iyo SPD NG maitiro ekudzivirira achabatsira.

Ipo nekufungidzira kwechigadzirwa chekudzivirira (SPD) ine rakakura simba chiyero chichava chiri nani, kuenzanisa SPD simba (Joule) ratings kunogona kutsausa. Zvimwe mukurumbira anogadzira haachapi magetsi ratings. Chiyero chesimba ndiyo huwandu hwekuwedzera kwazvino, kuwedzerwa kwenguva, uye SPD yekumonyanisa voltage.

Mukuenzanisa zvigadzirwa zviviri, iyo yepasi yakatemwa mudziyo ingave iri nani kana izvi zvaive semhedzisiro yekudzika kwemagetsi emagetsi, nepo iro hombe simba chishandiso chingave chiri nani dai izvi zvaive semhedzisiro yekukura kukuru kwazvino kushandiswa. Iko hakuna chiyero chakajeka chePSD chiyero chemagetsi, uye vagadziri vanozivikanwa kushandisa masweya emutsetse kuti vape mibairo mikuru inotsausa vashandisi vekupedzisira.

Nekuti maJoule ratings anogona kushandisirwa nyore nyore mazhinji emabhizimusi zviyero (UL) uye nhungamiro (IEEE) hazvikurudzire kuenzaniswa kwemajoules. Panzvimbo iyoyo, ivo vanoisa tarisiro pane chaiko mashandiro ePSDs nemuyedzo wakadai seNominal Discharge Yazvino kuyedzwa, iyo inoedza iyo SPDs kugadzikana pamwe neiyo VPR kuyedza iyo inoratidza iyo let-kuburikidza nemagetsi. Nemhando iyi yeruzivo, fananidzo iri nani kubva kune imwe SPD kuenda kune imwe inogona kuitwa.