Imizekelo yezixhobo ezikhuselayo zesicelo se-SPD kwiinkqubo ezingama-230-400 V, imiGaqo kunye neeNkcazo

Imizekelo yezixhobo ezikhuselayo zesicelo se-SPD kwiinkqubo ezingama-230-400 V, imiGaqo kunye neeNkcazo

Ukukhuselwa kombane we-EMC-umxholo wengingqi ngokungqinelana ne-IEC 62305-4: 2010

Indawo yokuKhusela uMbane (LPZ)

Imimandla engaphandle:
I-LPZ 0: Indawo apho isoyikiso sibangelwe yintsimi yombane ongafakwanga umbane kwaye apho iinkqubo zangaphakathi zinokuthi ziphantsi kombane opheleleyo.

I-LPZ 0 yahlulwe yaya:
I-LPZ 0A: Indawo apho isoyikiso sibangelwe kukukhanya kombane ngokuthe ngqo kunye nendawo egcwele umbane wombane. Iinkqubo zangaphakathi zinokuthi zixhomekeke kumbane opheleleyo wombane.
I-LPZ 0B: Indawo ekhuselweyo kwimibane ngqo kodwa apho isoyikiso sisibane esipheleleyo sombane. Iinkqubo zangaphakathi zinokuthi zixhomekeke kwimibane yokunyuka kombane.

Imimandla yangaphakathi (ikhuselwe kukubaneka ngokuthe ngqo):
I-LPZ 1: Indawo apho i-current current ikhawulelwe ngokwabelana kwangoku kunye nokuhlukanisa iindawo kunye / okanye nge-SPD kumda. Ukukhuselwa kwendawo kunokunciphisa intsimi yombane wombane.
I-LPZ 2… n: Umda apho i-current yangoku inokuncitshiswa ngokwabelana kwangoku
kunye nokubekwa ecaleni konxibelelwano kunye / okanye ngee-SPD ezongezelelweyo kumda. Ukhuselo lomhlaba olongezelelekileyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokucutha intsimi yombane wombane.

Imigaqo kunye neenkcazo

Izixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs)

Izixhobo zokukhusela ikakhulu zinee-resistors ezixhomekeke kumandla ombane (varistors, suppressor diode) kunye / okanye ukushenxisa izikhewu (ukukhupha iindlela). Izixhobo zokukhusela zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ezinye izixhobo zombane kunye nofakelo ngokuchasene nokungaxhamli okuphezulu kunye / okanye ukuseka ukubopha izixhobo. Izixhobo zokukhusela zihlelwe:

a) ngokokusetyenziswa kwazo:

• Ukunyuka kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukufakelwa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo kumanqanaba ombane aphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 V

-Ngokwe-EN 61643-11: 2012 kuhlobo lwe-1/2/3 SPDs
-Ngokwe-IEC 61643-11: 2011 eklasini I / II / III SPDs
Usapho lwemveliso ye-LSP kwi-EN 61643-11: 2012 entsha kunye ne-IEC 61643-11: imigangatho ka-2011 iya kugqitywa ebudeni bonyaka ka-2014.

• Ukunyuka kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukufakelwa kwetekhnoloji yolwazi kunye nezixhobo
  ukukhusela izixhobo ze-elektroniki zala maxesha kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano kunye nokusayina uthungelwano olunamagama asezantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 Vac (ixabiso elisebenzayo) kunye ne-1500 Vdc ngokuchasene neziphumo ezichanekileyo nezingqalileyo zoqhankqalazo lombane kunye nezinye izinto ezidlulayo.

-Ngokwe-IEC 61643-21: 2009 kunye ne-EN 61643-21: 2010.

• Ukuzahlula izikhewu zentlantsi kwiinkqubo zokupheliswa komhlaba okanye ukudibanisa izixhobo
  Izixhobo zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic
  kumanqanaba ombane ngegama ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1500 Vdc

-Ngokwe-EN 61643-31: 2019 (EN 50539-11: 2013 iyakutshintshwa), IEC 61643-31: 2018 kuhlobo 1 + 2, uhlobo 2 (Class I + II, Class II) SPDs

b) ngokwamandla abo okuphuma ngoku kunye nefuthe lokhuseleko kwi:

• Umbane obanjiweyo ngoku / umbane olungelelanisiweyo wababanjwa ngoku ukukhusela ufakelo kunye nezixhobo ngokuchaseneyo nokuphazamiseka okubangelwe ngqo okanye kufutshane ngombane (kufakwe kwimida phakathi kwe-LPZ 0A kunye ne-1).
• Ukunyuka kokubanjwa kokukhusela ufakelo, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo zokugqibela ngokuchasene nokubetha kombane okude, ukutshintsha i-overvoltages kunye nokukhutshwa kombane (kufakwe kwimida esezantsi ye-LPZ 0B).
• Ukudityaniswa kwababanjiweyo ukukhusela ufakelo, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo zokuchasana ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka okubangelwe ngqo okanye kufutshane ngombane (kufakwe kwimida phakathi kwe-LPZ 0A kunye no-1 kunye no-0A no-2).

Idatha yobuchwephesha yezixhobo zokukhusela

Idatha yobuchwephesha yezixhobo zokukhusela kubandakanya ulwazi ngemeko yokusetyenziswa kwabo:

• Isicelo (umz. Ukufakelwa, iimeko ezingundoqo, ubushushu)
• Ukusebenza kwimeko yokuphazamiseka (umzekelo, amandla okuphuma ngoku, landela amandla okucima okwangoku, inqanaba lokhuseleko lwevolthi, ixesha lokuphendula)
• Ukusebenza ngexesha lomsebenzi (umz. Igama langoku, ukucuthwa, ukunganyangeki)
• Ukusebenza kwimeko yokungaphumeleli (umzkl. Fuse backup, disconnector, failsafe, remote signaling option)

Amandla ombane kwi-UN
Amandla ombane amela amandla ombane wenkqubo eza kukhuselwa. Ixabiso levolthi yamagama aqhelekileyo lihlala lisebenza njengohlobo lokhetho lwezixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo zetekhnoloji yolwazi. Kuboniswa njengexabiso le-rms kwiinkqubo ze-ac.

Ubuninzi obuqhubekayo bokusebenza kwamandla ombane UC
Amandla ombane aphezulu aqhubekekayo (amandla ombane avumelekileyo aphezulu) lixabiso leerms zamandla ombane aphezulu anokuqhagamshelwa kwiziphelo ezihambelana noko kwesixhobo sokukhusela ngexesha lokusebenza. Owona mbane ubuninzi ekubanjweni kwimeko echaziweyo engaqhubiyo, ethi ibuyise umbanjwa abuyele kweli lizwe emva kokukhubeka kunye nokukhululwa. Ixabiso le-UC lixhomekeke kumandla ombane wenkqubo eza kukhuselwa kunye neenkcukacha zomfaki (IEC 60364-5-534).

Ukukhutshwa kwamagama okwangoku
Ukukhutshwa kwangoku ngegama kukuphakama kwexabiso le-8/20 μs yangoku apho isixhobo esikhuselekileyo sokukhusela silinganiswe kwinkqubo ethile yovavanyo kwaye isixhobo esikhuselayo sinokukhupha amatyeli aliqela.

Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwangoku Imax
Elona xesha liphezulu lokukhutshwa ngoku lelona xabiso liphezulu le-8/20 μs yokunyanzeliswa kwesixhobo ngoku esinokuthi sikhuphe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Umbane unyanzelisa i-Iimp yangoku
Umbane oshukumisayo wangoku ngumgangatho omiselweyo wejika yangoku kunye nefom ye-10/350 μs. Iiparameter zayo (ixabiso lencopho, intlawulo, amandla athile) kulingisa umthwalo obangelwe yimibane yendalo. Umbane wangoku kunye nokudityaniswa kwababanjiweyo kufuneka babenakho ukukhupha loo mibane yokuqhubela umbane amatyeli aliqela ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa.

Iyonke into ekhutshiweyo ngoku Itotal
Okwangoku okuhamba nge-PE, i-PEN okanye unxibelelwano lomhlaba lwe-SPD ye-multipole ngexesha lovavanyo olupheleleyo lwangoku. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukumisela umthwalo opheleleyo ukuba ngoku kuhamba ngokuhamba ngeendlela ezininzi zokukhusela ze-SPD ezininzi. Le parameter ithatha isigqibo malunga nomthamo opheleleyo wokukhutshwa oqhutywa ngokuthembekileyo sisambuku sendlela nganye ye-SPD.

Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi UP
Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi yesixhobo sokukhusela elona xabiso liphezulu kwangoko levolthi kwiitheminali zesixhobo sokukhusela, esimiselwe kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo:
-Umbane unyanzelisa amandla ombane 1.2 / 50 μs (100%)
Umbane weSparkover ngenqanaba lokunyuka kwe1kV / μs
Umlinganiso wevolthi yokulinganisa ekukhupheleni ngegama ngoku
Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi libonisa ukubanakho kwesixhobo esikhuselayo sokukhawulela ukunciphisa ama-surges kwinqanaba lentsalela. Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi lichaza indawo yofakelo ngokubhekisele kudidi lwevoltage ngokwe-IEC 60664-1 kwiinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla. Ukuze izixhobo zokukhusela zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zetekhnoloji yolwazi, inqanaba lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane kufuneka lilungelelaniswe nenqanaba lokhuselo lwezixhobo eziza kukhuselwa (IEC 61000-4-5: 2001).

Ukulinganisa okufutshane ngoku kwe-ISCCR
Elona xesha liphezulu langoku lokujikeleza okwangoku kwinkqubo ye-SPD, kwi
Ukudityaniswa kwesixhobo sokuqhawula unxibelelwano esikhethiweyo, kukaliwe

Ukujikeleza okufutshane kukumelana namandla
Ukuma okufutshane kokuma kwesekethe lixabiso lamandla ombane anokuhamba ngesantya esinezixhobo eziphathwayo ngesixhobo sokukhusela xa isixhobo sokugcina sokugcina siphezulu siqhagamshelwe phezulu.

Ukulinganisa okufutshane kwe-ISCPV ye-SPD kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaic (PV)
Ubuninzi be-short-circuit yangoku engathintekiyo apho i-SPD, iyodwa okanye ngokudibeneyo nezixhobo zayo zokucinywa, iyakwazi ukumelana nayo.

Ukugqithisa okwethutyana (TOV)
Ukugqithisa okwethutyana kunokubakho kwisixhobo sokukhusela ixesha elifutshane ngenxa yesiphoso kwinkqubo yamandla ombane aphezulu. Oku kufuneka kwahlulwe ngokucacileyo kwithutyana elibangelwe kukubetha kombane okanye ukusebenza kokutshintsha, okungagqithanga kangange-1 ms. Ubungakanani be-UT kunye nexesha lokuphakama kwexeshana kuchaziwe kwi-EN 61643-11 (200 ms, 5 s okanye 120 min.) Kwaye kuvavanywa ngokukodwa ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo ngokokumiswa kwenkqubo (TN, TT, njl.). I-SPD inokuthi (a) isilele ngokuthembekileyo (ukhuseleko lwe-TOV) okanye b) ibe kukunganyangeki kwi-TOV (TOV ukumelana), oko kuthetha ukuba isebenza ngokupheleleyo ngexesha kunye nokulandela
Ukugcwala okwethutyana.

Ukulayishwa okwangoku okukhoyo (okwangoku) IL
Okwangoku umthwalo okhoyo ngoku lelona xesha liphezulu livumelekileyo ngoku lokusebenza nelinokuhamba ngokusisigxina kwiitheminali ezihambelanayo.

Umqhubi okhuselayo we-IPE wangoku
Umqhubi okhuselayo okwangoku ungumsinga ohamba unxibelelwano lwe-PE xa isixhobo esikhuselayo sokudibanisa sixhunyiwe kumandla ombane asebenzayo aphezulu e-UC, ngokwemiyalelo yofakelo kwaye ngaphandle kwabasebenzisi becala lomthwalo.

I-fuse-side overcurrent protection / arrester fuse fuse
Isixhobo sokukhusela ngaphezulu (umz. I-fuse okanye isekethe yesekethe) ebekwe ngaphandle kwendawo yokubamba kwicala lokungenisa amandla ukuphazamisa isantya samandla silandela esikhoyo kwangoko xa amandla okophula isixhobo sokukhusela edlulile. Akukho fuseyus yokuncedisa eyongezelelweyo ifunwayo kuba i-backup fuse sele idityaniswe kwi-SPD (jonga icandelo elifanelekileyo)

Uluhlu lokushisa olusebenzayo lwe-TU
Uluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo lubonisa uluhlu lwezixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa. Kwizixhobo ezingazifudumezeliyo, ilingana noluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwezixhobo zokuzifudumeza akufuneki kudlule kwelona xabiso liphezulu libonisiweyo.

Ixesha lokuphendula
Amaxesha okuphendula ubukhulu becala abonakalisa ukusebenza kwempendulo yezinto ezikhuselweyo ezisetyenziswa ekubanjweni. Kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokunyuka kwe-du / dt yombane wempembelelo okanye i-di / dt yempembelelo yangoku, amaxesha okuphendula anokuhluka ngaphakathi kwemida ethile.

Unqanyuli
Izixhobo zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ezixhotyiswe ngee-resistors ezilawulwa ngombane (varistors) ubukhulu becala zibonisa isixhobo sokudibanisa isixhobo esisebenza ngokudibeneyo nesikhupha isixhobo sokukhusela isixhobo kwimithambo yeengcingo kwimeko yomthwalo omninzi kwaye sibonisa imeko yokusebenza. Isikhupheli-siphenduli siphendula "kubushushu obukhoyo ngoku" obuveliswe yi-varistor egcweleyo kwaye sikhuphe isixhobo sokhuselo esivela kwiimitha xa kubushushu obugqithileyo. I-disconnector yenzelwe ukunqamla isixhobo esikhuselweyo sokuzikhusela ngexesha lokukhusela umlilo. Ayenzelwanga ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kunxibelelwano olungqalileyo. Umsebenzi wezixhobo zokuqhawula izixhobo ezishushu zinokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa ukulayishwa okungaphezulu / ukuguga kwababanjiweyo.

Umqondiso wokubonisa kude
Umnxibelelanisi osayina ekude uvumela ukujonga ngokulula okukude kunye nokubonisa imeko yesixhobo. Inika isiphelo sesiphelo sepali ezintathu ngohlobo lonxibelelwano oludadayo. Olu nxibelelwano lunokusetyenziswa njengekhefu kunye / okanye unxibelelane kwaye lunokudityaniswa ngokulula kwinkqubo yolawulo lokwakha, umlawuli wekhabhathi ye switchgear, njl.

Ukubanjwa kwe-N-PE
Izixhobo zokukhusela ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufakela phakathi komqhubi we-N kunye ne-PE.

Umdibaniso wamaza
Umdibaniso wokudibanisa uveliswa ngumvelisi we-hybrid (1.2 / 50 μs, 8/20 μs) nge-impedance yentsomi ye-2 Ω. Umbane wesekethe ovulekileyo wale jeneretha kubhekiswa kuwo njenge-UOC. I-UOC sisalathiso esikhethwayo sohlobo lwe-3 ekubanjweni kuba kuphela aba babanjiweyo banokuvavanywa ngokudityaniswa kwamaza (ngokwe-EN 61643-11).

Umgangatho wokukhusela
Idigri yokhuseleko ye-IP iyahambelana necandelo lokhuseleko elichazwe kwi-IEC 60529.

Ibala lexesha
Uluhlu lwamaxesha lumela uluhlu lokuhambisa okanye ukunqunyulwa kwesantya sokubanjwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezichaziweyo zokuncitshiswa.

Isiphaluka sokukhusela
Imijikelezo yokukhusela inezigaba ezininzi, izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela. Amanqanaba okukhusela umntu ngamnye anokubandakanya izikhewu, i-varistors, izinto ze-semiconductor kunye neetyhubhu zokukhupha irhasi.

Buyisela ilahleko
Kwizicelo ezinamaxesha aphezulu, ilahleko yokubuya ibhekisa kumaninzi kwindawo "ekhokelayo" yomtshangatshangiso ebonakaliswe kwisixhobo sokhuselo (indawo yokunyuka). Lo ngumlinganiso othe ngqo wendlela isixhobo esikhuselayo esidityaniswa ngayo nokungahambelani kwenkqubo.

Kucatshulwe kuMGANGATHO WAMAZWE NGAMAZWE IEC 61643-11-2011 Izixhobo zokukhusela amandla asezantsi-Icandelo le-11 Izixhobo zokukhusela ezixhume kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane ophantsi- Iimfuneko kunye neendlela zovavanyo [uHlelo 1.0 2011-03]

Imigaqo, iinkcazo kunye nezifinyezo

Imigaqo kunye neenkcazo
3.1.1
isixhobo sokukhusela i-SPD
isixhobo esiqulathe ubuncinci icandelo elingelolayini elijolise ekunciphiseni ukunyuka kwamandla
kwaye uphambukise imisinga yokunyuka
QAPHELA: I-SPD yindibano epheleleyo, eneendlela ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa.

3.1.2
Izibuko elinye le-SPD
I-SPD ngaphandle kokuthintela uthotho
QAPHELA: Izibuko elinye le-SPD linokuba negalelo elahlukileyo kunye nonxibelelwano lweziphumo.

3.1.3
i-port ezimbini ze-SPD
I-SPD ine-impedance ethile yoluhlu oluxhunyiwe phakathi kwegalelo elahlukileyo kunye nokunxibelelana kwemveliso

3.1.4
Uhlobo lokutshintsha kombane lwe-SPD
I-SPD ene-impedance ephezulu xa kungekho gonyamelo likhoyo, kodwa inokuba notshintsho ngequbuliso kwi-impedance kwixabiso eliphantsi ekuphenduleni kunyuka kombane
QAPHELA: Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yamacandelo asetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-voltage yohlobo lwe-SPDs zizikhewu, iityhubhu zegesi kunye nee-thyristors. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba zii "crowbar type" components.

3.1.5
Uhlobo lokunciphisa umda we-voltage SPD
I-SPD ene-impedance ephezulu xa kungekho kuqhuma, kodwa iya kuyinciphisa ngokuqhubekekayo
ukwanda kokunyuka kwamanje kunye nombane
QAPHELA: Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yamacandelo asetyenzisiweyo kumandla ombane we-SPDs zii-varistors kunye ne-avalanche breakdown diode. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba zii "clamping type".

3.1.6
indibaniselwano yohlobo lweSPD
I-SPD ebandakanya zombini, izinto ezitshintsha amandla ombane kunye nezinto zokunciphisa umbane.
I-SPD inokubonisa ukutshintsha kombane, ukunciphisa okanye zombini

3.1.7
Uhlobo olufutshane lokujikeleza i-SPD
I-SPD yavavanywa ngokweemvavanyo zeklasi II ezitshintsha uphawu lwayo kwisekethe yangaphakathi emfutshane ngenxa yokuphakama okungaphezulu kokudlula kokukhutshelwa ngoku

3.1.8
indlela yokhuselo lwe-SPD
Indlela ekujongwe ukuba yenzeke ngoku, phakathi kweetheminali ezinezinto ezikhuselayo, umz. itoline, umgca-ukuya emhlabeni, umgca-ukuya kwiphakathi, ukungathathi hlangothi-emhlabeni.

3.1.9
Ukukhutshwa ngegama ngokukuko kuvavanyo lweklasi II Ku
Ixabiso langoku ngoku nge-SPD ine-waveshape yangoku ye-8/20

3.1.10
Ukukhutshelwa kwempembelelo yangoku yeklasi kuvavanya i-Iimp
Ixabiso le-crest yokukhutshwa kwangoku nge-SPD ngokudluliswa kwemali echanekileyo ye-Q kunye namandla acacisiweyo W / R ngexesha elichaziweyo

3.1.11
ombane aphezulu asebenzayo u-UC
amandla ombane aphezulu, anokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwimowudi yokhuseleko ye-SPD
QAPHELA: Ixabiso le-UC eligutyungelweyo ngalo mgangatho linokudlula kwi-1 000 V.

3.1.12
landela okwangoku ukuba
Ukuphakama okwangoku kubonelelwa yinkqubo yamandla ombane kwaye kuhamba nge-SPD emva kokukhutshwa kwempembelelo yangoku

3.1.13
Umthwalo olinganisiweyo we-IL yangoku
ubuninzi obuqhubekayo bokulinganisa iirms zangoku ezinokubonelelwa kumthwalo wokuxhathisa oxhunywe kuwo
Iziphumo ezikhuselweyo ze-SPD

3.1.14
inqanaba lokhuseleko lombane UP
Amandla aphezulu ombane anokulindeleka kwizitishi ze-SPD ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwempembelelo kunye nokuchazeka kwamandla ombane kunye noxinzelelo lokunyanzeliswa kukhupha ngoku kunye nokunika amandla kunye ne-waveshape
QAPHELA: Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi linikwa ngumenzi kwaye ayinakugqithwa ngu:
-Ivolthi yokulinganisa ethintelweyo, emiselwe ukubakho kwamaza ombane angaphambili (ukuba kufanelekile) kunye nomthamo womlinganiso olinganiselweyo, ogqitywe kumlinganiso wentsalela yamandla ombane kwii-amplopes ezihambelana ne-In kunye / okanye i-Iimp ngokwahlukeneyo kwiiklasi zovavanyo II kunye / okanye mna;
-Ivolthi yokulinganisa ethintelweyo kwi-UOC, emiselwe kumdibaniso womdibaniso weklasi yovavanyo III.

3.1.15
Ukulinganiswa kwamandla ombane
elona xabiso liphezulu levolthi elilinganiswa kwii-terminals ze-SPD ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweempembelelo zobume obuchaziweyo kunye nokuphakama

3.1.16
amandla ombane aseleyo
Ixabiso levolthi ebonakala phakathi kweeterminal ze-SPD ngenxa yokuhamba kokukhutshwa ngoku

3.1.17
Ixabiso lovavanyo lwe-overvoltage yexeshana UT
ombane wovavanyo osetyenziswe kwi-SPD yexesha elithile le-tT, ukulinganisa uxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko ze-TOV

3.1.18
Ukunyuka kwicala lokumelana namandla okumelana ne-SPD yezibuko ezimbini
ukubanakho kwe-SPD yezibuko ezibini ukumelana nama-surges kwiiterminal zokuphuma ezivela kwisekethe esezantsi kwe-SPD

3.1.19
iqondo lombane lokunyuka kwezibuko ezimbini zeSPD
inqanaba lotshintsho lwevolthi nexesha elilinganiswe kwiziphelo zemveliso yezibuko ezimbini zeSPD phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezichaziweyo

3.1.20
1,2 / 50 amandla ombane
amandla ombane kunye nexesha elingaphambi kwexesha le-1,2 μs kunye nexesha elichaziweyo kwixabiso lesiqingatha se-50 μs
QAPHELA: Igatya 6 le-IEC 60060-1 (1989) ichaza iinkcazo zempembelelo yombane wexesha eliphambili, ixesha ukuya kwisiqingatha sexabiso kunye nokunyamezelana kwemilo.

3.1.21
8/20 impembelelo yangoku
impembelelo yangoku enegama elibonakalayo elingaphambi kwexesha le-8 μs kunye nexesha lokuchazwa kwixabiso lesiqingatha se-20 μs
QAPHELA: Igatya lesi-8 le-IEC 60060-1 (1989) lichaza inkcazo yangoku yexesha eliphambili, ixesha ukuya kwisiqingatha sexabiso kunye nokunyamezelana kwemilo.

3.1.22
indibaniselwano wave
iliza elibonakaliswe kukuchazwa kwe-voltage amplitude (UOC) kunye ne-waveshape phantsi kweemeko ezivulekileyo zesekethe kunye ne-amplitude echaziweyo yangoku (ICW) kunye ne-waveshape phantsi kweemeko ezimfutshane
QAPHELA: Amandla ombane, ubungakanani ngoku kunye nefomathi yamaza ehanjiswa kwi-SPD zichongiwe ngumdibaniso we-wave generator (CWG) impedance Zf kunye ne-impedance ye-DUT.
3.1.23
ombane wesekethe ovulekileyo
ombane wesekethe ovulekileyo womdibaniso wamaza endawo yokudibanisa isixhobo phantsi kovavanyo

3.1.24
indibaniselwano yamaza ombane omfutshane-wesekethe yangoku ICW
Ixesha elizayo lomjikelo wesekethe yomdibaniso wenkunkuma, kwinqanaba lonxibelelwano lwesixhobo esiphantsi kovavanyo
QAPHELA: Xa i-SPD iqhagamshelwe kumdibaniso wenkunkuma odibeneyo, okwangoku okuhamba ngesixhobo ngokubanzi kungaphantsi kwe-ICW.

3.1.25
uzinzo olushushu
I-SPD izinzile ngokwasemoyeni ukuba, emva kokufudumeza ngexesha lovavanyo lomsebenzi, ubushushu bayo buyancipha ngexesha lixhotyiswe ngamandla ombane oqhubekekayo ochaziweyo nakwiimeko zobushushu obuchaziweyo.

3.1.26
ukuthotywa (kokwenziwa komsebenzi)
Utyeshelo olungafunekiyo ngokusisigxina ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo okanye kwinkqubo kwinkqubo yokusebenza ekujoliswe kuyo

3.1.27
umjikelo wexesha elifutshane we-ISCCR
elona xesha liphezulu lokujikeleza ngoku elifutshane ukusuka kwinkqubo yamandla apho i-SPD, ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-disconnector echaziweyo, ikalwe iKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical International.

3.1.28
Isinxibelelanisi se-SPD (isinxibelelanisi)
isixhobo sokunqamula i-SPD, okanye inxenye ye-SPD, kwinkqubo yamandla
QAPHELA: Esi sixhobo sokususa unxibelelwano asifuneki ukuba sibenakho ukwahlulahlula iinjongo zokhuseleko. Kukuthintela impazamo eqhubekayo kwinkqubo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunika umqondiso wokusilela kwe-SPD. Ii-disconnectors zinokuba zezangaphakathi (zakhiwe ngaphakathi) okanye zangaphandle (ezifunwa ngumenzi). Kunokubakho umsebenzi ongaphezulu kwesinye wokuqhawula unxibelelwano, umzekelo, umsebenzi wokhuselo wangoku kunye nomsebenzi wokhuselo olushushu. Le misebenzi inokuba ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo.

3.1.29
inqanaba lokhuseleko lwe-IP ebiyelweyo
ulwahlulo olwandulelwe luphawu lwe-IP olubonisa ubungakanani bokhuseleko olunikezelwa yindawo ebiyelweyo ekufikeleleni kwiindawo eziyingozi, ngokuchasene nokungena kwezinto eziqinileyo zangaphandle kunye nokungena kwamanzi okuyingozi

3.1.30
uvavanyo lohlobo
uvavanyo lokuhambelana lwenziwe kwinto enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezimele imveliso [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-16]

3.1.31
uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo
uvavanyo olwenziwe kwi-SPD nganye okanye kwiindawo nakwizinto eziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigaqo yoyilo [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-17, modified)

3.1.32
iimvavanyo zokwamkela
uvavanyo lwesivumelwano ukuqinisekisa umthengi ukuba into iyahlangabezana neemeko ezithile zokubalulwa kwayo [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-23]

3.1.33
decoupling inethiwekhi
isekethe yombane ejolise ekuthinteleni amandla oxinzelelo ekusasazeni kwinethiwekhi yamandla ngexesha lovavanyo olunamandla lwe-SPDs
QAPHELA: Esi sijikelezo sombane ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba "sisihluzo sangasemva".

3.1.34
Impembelelo yokuhlelwa kovavanyo

3.1.34.1
Uvavanyo lweklasi I
iimvavanyo ezenziweyo ngokukhutshwa kwempembelelo yokukhutshwa kwe-Iimp yangoku, nge-8/20 yangoku eneempembelelo zexabiso lesandi elilingana nexabiso le-Iimp, kunye nefuthe le-1,2 / 50 yombane

3.1.34.2
iimvavanyo zeklasi II
kuvavanyo olwenziwe ngokukhutshwa ngokukuko ngaphakathi, kunye nefuthe levolthi ye-1,2 / 50

3.1.34.3
iimvavanyo zeklasi III
iimvavanyo ezenziwa nge-1,2 / 50 yevolthi -8 / 20 yangoku yokudityaniswa kwamaza ombane

3.1.35
intsalela yangoku yesixhobo seRCD
isixhobo sokutshintsha okanye izixhobo ezinxulumene noko ezijolise ekwenzeni ukuvulwa kwesekethe yamandla xa intsalela okanye ukungalingani ngoku kufumana ixabiso elinikiweyo phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo

3.1.36
umbane we-sparkover we-voltage switch ye-SPD
Ukubangela i-voltage yombane oguqula i-SPD
Ixabiso levolthi ephezulu apho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwimpedance ephantsi eqala ngokutshintsha i-voltage ye-SPD

3.1.37
Amandla athile eklasi ndivavanya W / R.
amandla apheliswe yiyunithi ukumelana ne-1 Ώ kunye nefuthe lokukhutshwa kwe-Iimp yangoku
QAPHELA: Oku kulingana nexesha lokudityaniswa kwesikwere sangoku (W / R = ∫ i 2d t).

3.1.38
Umjikelo wesekethe omfutshane wokubonelela nge-IP
yangoku eya kuhamba kwindawo enikiweyo kwisekethe ukuba ibifutshane-ijikelezwe kuloo ndawo ngekhonkco lokungakhathali okungahambelaniyo
QAPHELA: Eli xesha langoku lilindeleyo libonakaliswa lixabiso le-rms.

3.1.39
landela ukulinganiswa kwamanje kokuphazamiseka Ifi
Umjikelo wesekethe omfutshane onokuthi i-SPD ikwazi ukuphazamisa ngaphandle kokusebenza kwesixhobo sokuqhawula izixhobo

3.1.40
intsalela yangoku IPE
Okwangoku kuhamba ngesiphelo se-PE se-SPD ngelixa somelele kumandla ombane wovavanyo (UREF) xa uqhagamshele ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi

3.1.41
ubume besimo
isixhobo esibonisa imeko yokusebenza kwe-SPD, okanye inxenye ye-SPD.
QAPHELA: Ezo zikhombisi zinokuba zezasekhaya ezinee-alam ezibonakalayo kunye / okanye ezivakalayo kunye / okanye zinokuba nomqondiso okude kunye / okanye ukukwazi ukuqhagamshela.

3.1.42
imveliso yokunxibelelana
Umfowunelwa ubandakanyiwe kwisekethe eyahlukileyo kwisekethe ephambili ye-SPD, kwaye inxulunyaniswa nesixhobo sokuqhawula ikhonkco okanye isibonisi sobume

3.1.43
SPD ezininzi
Uhlobo lwe-SPD ngeendlela ezingaphezulu kwenye zokukhusela, okanye indibaniselwano ye-SPDs zonxibelelwano zombane ezinikezelwa njengeyunithi

3.1.44
ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-ITotal yangoku
Okwangoku ehamba nge-PE okanye i-PEN conductor ye-SPD ye-multipole ngexesha lokukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kovavanyo lwangoku
QAPHELA 1: Injongo kukuthathela ingqalelo iziphumo ezongezelekayo ezenzekayo xa iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela i-Multipole SPD yokuziphatha kwangaxeshanye.
QAPHELA 2: I-ITotal ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwii-SPD ezivavanyiweyo ngokodidi lovavanyo I, kwaye isetyenziselwa injongo yokukhusela umbane ngokudibanisa izixhobo ngokubhekisele kuthotho lwe-IEC 62305.

3.1.45
ombane wovavanyo lwereferensi UREF
Ixabiso le-rms yevolthi esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya exhomekeke kwindlela yokhuselo lwe-SPD, indlela yokubiza amandla ombane, inkqubo yoqwalaselo kunye nommiselo wombane ngaphakathi kwenkqubo
QAPHELA: Umbane wovavanyo wesalathiso ukhethwe kwisiHlomelo A ngokusekwe kulwazi olunikezwe ngumenzi ngokwe-7.1.1 b8).

3.1.46
Utshintsho kumgangatho wangoku wohlobo olujikelezayo lwe-SPD Itrans
8/20 ukunyanzeliswa kwexabiso langoku elingaphezulu kokukhutshelwa okwangoku kwi-In, eya kuthi ibangele uhlobo olunqumlayo lwe-SPD kwisekethe emfutshane

3.1.47
Umbane wokumisela ukucocwa kwe-Umax
Amandla aphezulu ombane ngexesha lokufaka izicelo ngokwe-8.3.3 yokucaciswa kokucaca

3.1.48
Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yangoku
Ixabiso le-crest yangoku nge-SPD ene-8/20 waveshape kunye nobukhulu ngokwe
kwinkcazo yemveliso. Imax ilingana okanye inkulu kune-In

3.2 Izifinyezo

Itheyibhile 1 - Uluhlu lweZifinyezo

4 Iimeko zenkonzo
I-4.1 rhoqo
Uluhlu lokuhamba rhoqo lususela kwi-47 Hz ukuya kwi-63 Hz ac

4.2 Qaphela
Umbane usetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kweetheminali zesixhobo sokukhusela (SPD)
akufuneki idlule kumandla aphezulu asebenzayo ombane we-UC.

Uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nokuphakama
Uxinzelelo lomoya ngama-80 kPa ukuya kwi-106 kPa. La maxabiso abonisa ukuphakama kwe-2 m ukuya kwi-000 m, ngokwahlukeneyo.

4.4 amaqondo obushushu

• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo: -5 ° C ukuya +40 ° C
  QAPHELA: Olu luhlu lujongana nee-SPD zokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo zemozulu ezingenabushushu nolawulo lokufuma kwaye ziyahambelana neempawu zangaphandle zekhowudi ye-AB4 kwi-IEC 60364-5-51.
• Uluhlu olwandisiweyo: -40 ° C ukuya +70 ° C
  QAPHELA: Olu luhlu lujongana nee-SPD zokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwiindawo ezingezizo ezikhuselweyo zemozulu.

4.5 Ukufuma

• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo: 5% ukuya kuma-95%
  QAPHELA Olu luhlu lujongana nee-SPD zokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo zemozulu ezingenabushushu nolawulo lokufuma kwaye ziyahambelana neempawu zangaphandle zekhowudi AB4 kwi-IEC 60364-5-51.
• Uluhlu olwandisiweyo: 5% ukuya kwi-100%
  QAPHELA Olu luhlu lujongana nee-SPD zokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwiindawo ezingezizo ezikhuselweyo zemozulu.

5 Ulwahlulo
Ukuveliswa kuya kuhlela ii-SPD ngokungqinelana nezi paramitha zilandelayo.
5.1 Inani lamazibuko
5.1.1 Inye
5.1.2 Zimbini
5.2 Uyilo lwe-SPD
5.2.1 Ukutshintsha kweVoltage
5.2.2 Umda wevolthi
5.2.3 Umdibaniso
5.3 Iimvavanyo zodidi I, II no-III
Ulwazi olufunekayo kwiklasi I, iklasi II kunye neemvavanyo zeklasi III zinikwa kwiTheyibhile 2.

Itheyibhile 2 - Uvavanyo lweklasi I, II kunye no-III