Isixhobo esikhuselekileyo sokukhusela (SPD)
Ukukwazi kwe-SPD ukunciphisa umda kwi-network yonikezelo ngombane ngokuphambukisa imisinga yokuhamba ngamandla ngumsebenzi wezinto ezikhuselayo, ulwakhiwo lomatshini we-SPD, kunye nonxibelelwano kuthungelwano lokuhambisa umbane. I-SPD yenzelwe ukunciphisa i-overvoltages zethutyana kunye nokuphambukisa okwangoku, okanye zombini. Inobuncinci inqaku elinye elingelolayini. Ngamagama alula, ii-SPDs zijolise ekunciphiseni ukudlula okwethutyana ngeenjongo zokuthintela ukonakala kwezixhobo kunye nexesha lokuphumla ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla ombane ukufikelela kwizixhobo abazikhuselayo.
Umzekelo, khawuqwalasele ilitye lokusila lamanzi elikhuselwe yivalve yokunceda uxinzelelo. Ivelufa yokunyusa uxinzelelo ayenzi nto de kubekhona ukubetha okungaphezulu koxinzelelo kunikezelo lwamanzi. Xa oko kusenzeka, ivelufa iyavula kwaye ivale uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo ecaleni, ukuze ingafikeleli kwivili lamanzi.
Ukuba ivelufa yokunceda ibingekho, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokonakalisa ivili lamanzi, okanye mhlawumbi unxibelelaniso lwesarha. Nangona ivalve yokunceda ikwindawo kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, intsalela yempembelelo yoxinzelelo iya kuhlala ivili. Kodwa uxinzelelo luya kuncitshiswa ngokwaneleyo ukuba lungonakalisi ivili lamanzi okanye ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwalo. Oku kuchaza isenzo se-SPDs. Banciphisa ukudlula kumanqanaba angenakonakalisa okanye aphazamise ukusebenza kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka.
Iitekhnoloji zisetyenzisiwe
Zeziphi iitekhnoloji ezisetyenziswa kwi-SPD?
Ukusuka IEEE Std. I-C62.72: Izinto ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-SPDs ziyinyithi ye-oxide varistors (MOVs), i-avalanche breakdown diode (i-ABDs - eyayisaziwa njengee-diode ze-silicon avalanche okanye ii-SADs), kunye neetyhubhu zokukhupha igesi (GDTs). Ii-MOV zezona teknoloji zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhuseleni iisekethi zamandla e-AC. Ukulinganiswa okwangoku kwe-MOV kuhambelana nendawo enqamlezileyo kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Ngokubanzi, indawo enkulu yecandelo elinqamlezileyo, inyusa izinga lokunyuka kwesixhobo ngoku. Ii-MOVs ngokubanzi zijikeleze okanye zoxande ijiyometri kodwa ziza ngobuninzi bemilinganiselo esemgangathweni ukusuka kwi-7 mm (0.28 intshi) ukuya kuma-80 mm (3.15 intshi). Ukulinganiswa kwamanqanaba okwenyuka kwezi zinto zokukhusela kuyahluka kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kumenzi. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili kweli gatya, ngokudibanisa ii-MOVs ngokulandelelana, ixabiso langoku elinokubakho linokubalwa ngokufaka nje ukonyuka kwamanqanaba ee-MOVs kunye ukufumana umyinge wangoku woludwe. Ngokwenza njalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukulungelelaniswa kweempawu zokusebenza kwee-MOV ezikhethiweyo.
Zininzi ii-hypotheses zeliphi icandelo, yeyiphi topology, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetekhnoloji ethile kuvelisa eyona SPD yokuphambukisa okwangoku. Endaweni yokubonisa zonke izinto onokukhetha kuzo, kungcono ukuba ingxoxo yokuphakama komgangatho wangoku, ukuKhutshwa kweNgcaciso yokuKhutshwa kwangoku, okanye ukunyusa amandla okwangoku kujikeleze idatha yovavanyo lwentsebenzo. Nokuba zithini na izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyilo, okanye ulwakhiwo oluthile olusetyenzisiweyo, into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-SPD ine-current rating rating okanye i-Nominal Discharge Current Rating efanelekileyo kwisicelo.
Inkcazo ebanzi ngakumbi yezi zinto iyalandela. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-SPD ziyahluka kakhulu. Nalu isampulu yala macandelo:
Isinyithi se-oxide varistor (MOV)
Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-MOVs zinomzimba ojikelezileyo okanye oxande uxande wesintered zinc oxide enezongezo ezifanelekileyo. Ezinye iintlobo ezisetyenziswayo zibandakanya iimilo ze-tubular kunye nolwakhiwo lwee-multilayer. Ii-Varistor zine-electrode yentsimbi ene-alloy yesilivere okanye enye isinyithi. Ii-electrode zinokusetyenziswa emzimbeni ngokujonga kunye nokuntywila okanye ngezinye iinkqubo kuxhomekeke kwisinyithi esisetyenzisiweyo. Ii-Varistors zihlala zinocingo okanye i-tab ekhokelayo okanye olunye uhlobo lokupheliswa olunokuthi luthengiselwe i-electrode.
Indlela esisiseko yokuqhuba kwe-MOVs iphuma kwiziphambuka zesemiconductor kumda we-zinc oxide grains eyenziweyo ngexesha lokuntywila. I-varistor inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengesixhobo esineendawo ezininzi zokudibanisa kunye neenkozo ezininzi ezisebenza ngokudibanisa ngokulandelelana phakathi kweetheminali. Umbono wesikimu esinqamlezayo we-varistor oqhelekileyo uboniswa kuMzobo 1.
IiVaristors zinepropathi yokugcina ulondolozo lwevolthi encinci kuzo zonke iiterminal ngelixa ukuqhubekeka okwangoku okuhamba kuzo kuyahluka kumashumi eminyaka ubukhulu. Esi senzo singahambelani nomgaqo siyabavumela ukuba baphambukise okwangoku xa beqhagamshelene kwi-shunt ngapha komgca kwaye banciphise amandla ombane emgceni kumaxabiso akhusela izixhobo ezixhume kuloo mgca.
Ukwahlukana kweDiode (ADB)
Ezi zixhobo zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-silicon avalanche diode (SAD) okanye i-voltage suppressor yethutyana (TVS). I-PN junction breakdown diode, kwifom yayo esisiseko, sisidibanisi esinye se-PN esine-anode (P) kunye ne-cathode (N). Jonga umzobo 2a. Kwizicelo zesekethe zeDC, umkhuseli ubuyela umva ngendlela enokubangela ukuba kusetyenziswe amandla afanelekileyo kwicala le-cathode (N) yesixhobo. Jonga umzobo 2b.
I-diode ye-avalanche ineengingqi ezintathu ezisebenzayo, i-1) i-bias ehamba phambili (i-impedance ephantsi), i-2) kurhulumente (i-impedance ephezulu), kunye ne-3) yokuphambuka kokuphambuka (impedance ephantsi). Le mimandla inokubonwa kumzobo 3. Kwimowudi yokukhetha eya phambili enombane olungileyo kummandla we-P, i-diode ine-impedance esezantsi kakhulu xa ombane egqitha kumbane we-dias voltage diode, VFS. I-VFS ihlala ingaphantsi kwe-1 V kwaye ichazwe ngezantsi. Isimo esingaphandle sikhula ukusuka kwi-0 V ukuya ngezantsi nje kwe-VBR elungileyo kwingingqi yeN. Kule ngingqi, ekuphela kwemisinga yokuhamba kwamaqondo obushushu axhomekeke kubushushu kunye neZener tunneling currents for low breakdown voltage voltage. Umda wokuchasana nomba ophindaphindiweyo uqala nge-VBR efanelekileyo kwingingqi yeN. Kwii-elektroniki ze-VBR ezinqamleza isiphambuka zikhawuleziswa ngokwaneleyo yintsimi ephezulu kwingingqi yokudibana apho ukungqubana kwe-elektroni kukhokelela kukoyisakala, okanye ukudilika, kwee-elektroni kunye nemingxunya eyenziweyo. Isiphumo kukuhla okubukhali ngokuchasene nedayidi. Zombini iinketho zokukhetha icala eliphambili kunye nokuchasana nomva kunokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela.
Iimpawu zombane ze-diode ze-avalanche zi-asymmetric ngokwendalo. Iimveliso zokukhusela i-diode ze-Symmetric avalanche ezibandakanya ukubuyela umva kwiindibano zangasemva nazo ziyenziwa.
Ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwegesi (GDT)
Iityhubhu zokukhupha igesi ziqulathe ii-electrode zentsimbi ezimbini nangaphezulu ezahlulwe ngumsantsa omncinci kwaye zibanjwe yiceramic okanye isilinda yeglasi. Isilinda izaliswe ngumxube wegesi ococekileyo, oqaqambisa ukukhutshwa kwaye ekugqibeleni imeko ye-arc xa kusetyenziswa umbane owaneleyo kwii-electrode.
Xa amandla ombane akhula kancinci kwisithuba sifikelela kwixabiso eligqitywe ikakhulu kukushiyeka kwe-elektrode, uxinzelelo lwegesi kunye nomxube wegesi, inkqubo yokuqalisa ivula kumandla ombane (wokonakala) ombane. Nje ukuba i-spark-over yenzeke, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zinokwenzeka, kuxhomekeke kwisekethe yangaphandle. La mazwe abonisiwe kuMzobo 4. Kwimisinga engaphantsi kokutshintsha kokukhanya okuya kwi-arc yangoku, indawo ekhanyayo ikhona. Kwimisinga ephantsi kwindawo yokukhanya, i-voltage iphantse yahlala ihleli; kwimisinga yokukhanya okuphezulu, ezinye iintlobo zemibhobho yegesi inokungena kwindawo yokukhanya engaqhelekanga apho umbane unyuka. Ngaphandle kwale ndawo ingaqhelekanga yokukhanya i-impedance yokukhutshwa kwerhasi iyancipha kummandla wotshintsho kwimeko ye-arc ephantsi. Utshintsho lwe-arc-to-glow lwangoku lungahle lube sezantsi kunokutshintsha kokukhanya ukuya kwi-arc. Uphawu lombane lwe-GDT, ngokudibeneyo neesekethe zangaphandle, luchaza amandla e-GDT ukucima emva kokudlulela kunyango, kwaye ikwamisela amandla aphelisiweyo kumbanjwa ngexesha lokunyuka.
Ukuba umbane osetyenzisiweyo (umz. Okwethutyana) unyuka ngokukhawuleza, ixesha elithathiweyo lokwenza i-ionization / inkqubo ye-arc inokuvumela umbane odlulayo ukuba ugqithe kwixabiso elifunekayo lokophuka kumhlathi odlulileyo. Lo mbane uchazwa njengombane wokonakala kwempembelelo kwaye ngokwesiqhelo ngumsebenzi olungileyo wenqanaba lokunyuka kombane osetyenzisiweyo (okwethutyana).
Igumbi elinye le-electrode GDT enegumbi elinye linemingxunya emibini eyahlulwe yindandatho yombane osesazulwini. Umngxunya kumbindi we-electrode uvumela iplasma yegesi ukusuka kumngxunya wokuqhuba ukuqalisa ukuqhuba kwelinye icala, nangona elinye ivolthi yombane inokuba ngaphantsi kombane we-spark-over.
Ngenxa yesenzo sabo sokutshintsha kunye nolwakhiwo olunamagingxi-gingxi, ii-GDTs zinokugqitha kwezinye izinto ze-SPD kumandla okuphatha okwangoku. Uninzi lwee-GDTs zonxibelelwano zinokuhambisa ngokulula imisinga yokuphakama ephezulu njenge-10 kA (8/20 µs waveform). Ukuqhubela phambili, kuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nobungakanani be-GDT, ukunyuka kwamaza> 100 kA kunokufezekiswa.
Ulwakhiwo lweetyhubhu zokukhutshwa kwerhasi kukuba zinobungakanani obuphantsi kakhulu- ngokubanzi zingaphantsi kwe-2 pF. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuninzi lwezicelo zesekethe eziphezulu.
Xa ii-GDTs zisebenza, zinokuvelisa imitha yokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, enokuthi ibe nefuthe kubuchwephesha be-elektroniki. Kububulumko ke ngoko ukubeka iisekethe ze-GDT kumgama othile ukusuka kwi-elektroniki. Umgama uxhomekeke kubuntununtunu be-elektroniki kunye nokuba zikhuseleke kangakanani i-elektroniki. Enye indlela yokuphepha ukusebenza kukubeka i-GDT kwindawo ebiyelweyo.
Iinkcazo ze-GDT
Isikhewu, okanye izikhewu ezininzi ezinee-electrode ezimbini okanye ezintathu zetsimbi ezitywinwe ngomsonto ukuze umxube wegesi kunye noxinzelelo ziphantsi kolawulo, eziyilelwe ukukhusela izixhobo okanye abasebenzi, okanye zombini, ukusuka kumanqwanqwa aphezulu okwexeshana.
Or
Umsantsa okanye izikhewu kwindawo yokuvalela evaliweyo, ngaphandle komoya kuxinzelelo lomoya, eyilelwe ukukhusela izixhobo okanye abasebenzi, okanye zombini, ukusuka kumanqwanqwa aphezulu okwexeshana.
- Iifilitha ze-LCR
Ezi zinto ziyahluka ngokwazo:
- amandla emandla
- ukufumaneka
- Ku thembeka
- indleko
- ngempumelelo
Ukusuka kwi-IEEE Std C62.72: Amandla e-SPD yokunciphisa umda kwi-network yonikezelo ngombane ngokudlulisela phambili imisinga yokuhamba ngamandla ngumsebenzi wezinto ezikhuselayo, ulwakhiwo lomatshini we-SPD, kunye nokunxibelelana kuthungelwano lokuhambisa umbane. Izinto ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-SPDs zii-MOVs, ii-SASDs, kunye neetyhubhu zokukhupha igesi, ii-MOVs zinokusetyenziswa okukhulu. Ukulinganiswa okwangoku kwe-MOV kuhambelana nendawo enqamlezileyo kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Ngokubanzi, indawo enkulu enamacandelo anqamlezileyo, kokukhona inyusa umgangatho wokuphakama kwesixhobo. Ii-MOVs ngokubanzi zijikeleze okanye zoxande ijiyometri kodwa ziza ngobuninzi bemilinganiselo esemgangathweni ukusuka kwi-7 mm (0.28 in) ukuya kwi-80 mm (3.15 in). Ukulinganiswa kwamanqanaba okwenyuka kwezi zinto zokukhusela kuyahluka kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kumenzi. Ngokudibanisa ii-MOV kuluhlu olufanayo, inoveli yokulinganisa yangoku inokubalwa ngokongeza nje iireyithingi zangoku ze-MOVs kunye ukufumana umyinge wangoku woluhlu.
Zininzi ii-hypotheses zeliphi icandelo, yeyiphi topology, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetekhnoloji ethile kuvelisa eyona SPD yokuphambukisa okwangoku. Endaweni yokubonisa zonke ezi mpikiswano kwaye uvumele umfundi ukuba achaze ezi zihloko, kungcono ukuba ingxoxo yokunyuka kwangoku, ukuKhutshwa ngokuBhalwe ngokuBekwa kweNqanaba, okanye ukunyusa amandla okwangoku kujikeleze idatha yovavanyo lwentsebenzo. Nokuba zithini na izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyilo, okanye ulwakhiwo oluthile olusetyenzisiweyo, into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-SPD ine-rating yangoku yokuphakama okanye i-Nominal Discharge Current Rating efanelekileyo kwisicelo kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukuba i-SPD imisela okomzuzwana I-overvoltages kumanqanaba athintela ukonakala kwezixhobo ezikhuselweyo kunikwa imeko elindelekileyo yokunyuka.
Iindlela zokuSebenza eziSisiseko
Uninzi lwee-SPD zineendlela ezintathu ezisisiseko zokusebenza:
- Silindile
- Ukuphambukisa
Kwimowudi nganye, ukuhamba ngoku kuhamba nge-SPD. Into engenakuqondwa, nangona kunjalo, kukuba uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwangoku lunokubakho kwimo nganye.
Indlela elindileyo
Phantsi kweemeko zamandla aqhelekileyo xa "amandla acocekileyo" enikezelwa ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yokuhambisa umbane, i-SPD yenza umsebenzi omncinci. Kwimowudi elindileyo, i-SPD ilinde i-overvoltage ukuba yenzeke kwaye ichithe amandla amancinci okanye hayi; ikakhulu esetyenziswa ziisekethe zokubeka iliso.
Indlela yokuTshintsha
Emva kokubona umsitho wexesha lokudlula okwexeshana, i-SPD iyatshintsha kwiNdlela yokuTshintsha. Injongo ye-SPD kukuguqula impembelelo eyonakalisayo yangoku kude nemithwalo enzima, ngelixa ngaxeshanye kuncitshiswa ubukhulu bayo bevolthi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi, elingenabungozi.
Njengoko kuchaziwe yi-ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002, okwangoku okwethutyana kuhlala kuphela iqhezu lomjikelo (ii-microseconds), isiqwenga sexesha xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba okungagungqiyo kwe-60Hz, uphawu lwe-sinusoidal.
Ubungakanani bokuphakama ngoku kuxhomekeke kumthombo wayo. Umbane ubetha, umzekelo, ezinokuthi kwiziganeko ezinqabileyo ziqulathe ubungakanani obukhoyo ngoku obungaphezulu kwamakhulu amawaka amawaka amps. Ngaphakathi kwizibonelelo, nangona kunjalo, iziganeko zethutyana ezenziwe ngaphakathi ziya kuvelisa amandla asezantsi asezantsi (ngaphantsi kwamawaka ambalwa okanye ikhulu lee-amps).
Kuba uninzi lwee-SPD ziyilelwe ukuphatha imisinga yokunyuka okukhulu, inqaku elinye lokusebenza yimveliso evavanyiweyo yokuKhutshwa ngokuSebenzayo kweNqanaba eliNgaphakathi (ngaphakathi). Rhoqo ididekile neziphene zangoku, kodwa ezingadibaniyo, obu bukhulu bukhoyo ngoku luphawu lokuvavanywa kwemveliso okuphindiweyo bokumelana namandla.
Ukusuka IEEE Std. I-C62.72: Ukukhutshwa kweNgcaciso yokuKhutshwa kweNgcaciso yangoku kusetyenziswa amandla e-SPD okufumana ukuphindwaphindwa okuphindaphindayo (i-15 iyonke) yexabiso elikhethiweyo ngaphandle kokonakala, ukuthotywa okanye utshintsho kumlinganiso wevolthi yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwe-SPD. Uvavanyo lweNgcaciso yokuKhutshwa ngokuSebenzayo lubandakanya yonke i-SPD kubandakanya zonke izinto ezikhuselayo zokukhusela kunye nezikhupheli zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle ze-SPD. Ngexesha lovavanyo, akukho candelo okanye isixhobo sokuqhawula unxibelelwano esivunyelwe ukusilela, ukuvula isekethe, ukonakala okanye ukuthotywa. Ukufezekisa ukulinganiswa okuthile, inqanaba lokulinganisa ukusebenza kwamandla e-SPD kufuneka ligcinwe phakathi kovavanyo lwangaphambi kovavanyo kunye novavanyo lwasemva kovavanyo. Injongo yezi mvavanyo kukubonisa amandla kunye nokusebenza kwe-SPD ekuphenduleni kwi-surges yokuba kwezinye iimeko zinzima kodwa kunokulindeleka kwizixhobo zenkonzo, ngaphakathi kwendawo okanye kwindawo yofakelo.
Umzekelo, i-SPD enomthamo wokukhutshwa ngokukhoyo we-10,000 okanye i-20,000 amps kwimowudi nganye kuthetha ukuba imveliso kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana ngokukhuselekileyo nokudlula okwangoku okungama-10,000 okanye ama-20,000 amps ubuncinci bamaxesha ali-15, kwimo nganye yendlela zokhuselo.
Ukuphela kweMeko zoBomi
Ukusuka kwi-IEEE Std C62.72: Isoyikiso esikhulu ekuthembekeni kwexesha elide kwee-SPDs isenokungabi kukunyuka, kodwa ukuphindaphinda okomzuzwana okanye okwexeshana (TOVs okanye "swells") ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-PDS. Ii-SPDs ezine-MCOV-ezikufutshane ngokuthe ngqo kumandla ombane weenkqubo zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kwezi zinto zinokubangela ukuguga ngaphambi kwexesha kwe-SPD okanye ukuphela kobomi ngaphambi kwexesha. Umgaqo wesithupha odla ngokusetyenziswa kukumisela ukuba ngaba i-MCOV ye-SPD ubuncinci yi-115% yendlela yokubiza amandla ombane kwimo nganye yokhuseleko. Oku kuyakuvumela i-SPD ukuba ingaphazanyiswa kukuhluka kwamandla ombane kwi-PDS.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweziganeko zokuqhubekeka ngamandla, ii-SPDs zinokuguga, okanye zehlise umgangatho, okanye zifikelele kwimeko yazo yokuphela kwenkonzo ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokunyuka okungaphezulu kokulinganiswa kwe-SPDs yangoku, inqanaba lokuvela kweziganeko zokunyuka, ixesha lokunyuka , okanye indibaniselwano yezi ziganeko. Iziganeko eziphindaphindayo zokuphakama kobukhulu obubonakalayo kwisithuba sexesha zinokuzibaxa izinto ze-SPD kwaye kubangele ukuba izinto ezikhuselayo zikhule ziye kubudala. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela ukuba ii-SPD zinqamlezwe ukuba zisebenze ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokufudumeza izinto ezikhuselayo. Iimpawu ze-SPD zinokutshintsha njengoko zifikelela kwimeko yayo yokuphela-kwenkonzo-umzekelo, imilinganiselo yokulinganisa ethintelweyo inokunyusa okanye yehle.
Kwimizamo yokuphepha ukuthotywa ngenxa yokunyuka, uninzi lwabakhiqizi be-SPD bayila ii-SPDs ezinamandla aphezulu okusebenza ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinkulu ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokudibanisa izinto ezininzi ngokufanayo. Oku kwenzelwa ukunqanda amathuba okuba ukulinganiswa kwe-SPD njengendibano kugqithiswe ngaphandle kwaxa kunqabile kakhulu kwaye iimeko ezizodwa. Impumelelo yale ndlela ixhaswa bubomi benkonzo ende kunye nembali yee-SPD ezikhoyo ezifakiweyo eziyilelwe ngale ndlela.
Ngokumalunga nokulungelelaniswa kwe-SPD kwaye, njengoko kuchaziwe ngokubhekisele kumanqanaba okwangoku, kusengqiqweni ukuba ne-SPD yokulinganisa okuphezulu okwangoku okufumaneka kwizixhobo zenkonzo apho iPDS ibonakaliswe kakhulu kwimigudu yokuthintela ukuguga ngaphambi kwexesha; Okwangoku, ii-SPDs ngakumbi ezantsi kumgca osuka kwizixhobo zenkonzo ezingatyhilelwanga kwimithombo yangaphandle yamayeza anokufumana amanqaku amancinci. Ngoyilo oluhle lokukhusela inkqubo kunye nokulungelelanisa, ukuguga kwangaphambili kwe-SPD kunokuthintelwa.
Ezinye izizathu zokungaphumeleli kwe-SPD zibandakanya:
- Iimpazamo zofakelo
- Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemveliso kumgangatho wayo wombane
- Iziganeko ezigcinwe ngaphezulu kwamandla ombane
Xa icandelo lokucinezela lisilele, lihlala lisenza nje ngokufutshane, lenze ukuba ngoku kuqalise ukuhamba ngento engaphumelelanga. Ixabiso langoku elikhoyo lokuhamba kweli candelo lisilelayo ngumsebenzi wesiphoso esikhoyo ngoku kwaye siqhutywa yinkqubo yamandla. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neZiphoso zaNgokuya kwi-SPD yoLwazi oluNxulumene noKhuseleko.
