Ukuvikelwa kombani nokuqhuma kohlelo lwendlu lwe-photovoltaic
Njengamanje, izinhlelo eziningi ze-PV zifakiwe. Ngokuya ngeqiniso lokuthi ugesi ozenzela wona ngokuvamile ushibhile futhi unikeza ukuzimela okuphezulu kukagesi kusuka kugridi, izinhlelo ze-PV zizoba yingxenye ebalulekile yokufakwa kukagesi ngokuzayo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo zivezwa kuzo zonke izimo zezulu futhi kufanele zimelane nazo kumashumi eminyaka.
Izintambo zezinhlelo ze-PV zihlala zingena esakhiweni futhi zinwebeke amabanga amade zize zifike endaweni yokuxhuma yegridi.
Ukukhishwa kombani kubangela ukuphazamiseka kukagesi okususelwa enkundleni futhi. Lo mphumela uyanda maqondana nokukhulisa ubude bekhebula noma izihibe zomqhubi. Ama-surges awalimazi nje kuphela amamojula we-PV, ama-inverters kanye ne-electronics yawo yokuqapha kepha namadivayisi ekufakweni kwesakhiwo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, izindawo zokukhiqiza zezakhiwo zezimboni nazo zingalimala kalula futhi umkhiqizo ungama.
Uma ama-surges efakwa ezinhlelweni ezikude kakhulu negridi yamandla, ebizwa nangokuthi yizinhlelo ezizimele ze-PV, ukusebenza kwemishini enikwa ugesi welanga (isb. Imishini yezokwelapha, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi) kungaphazamiseka.
Isidingo sohlelo lokuvikela umbani ophahleni
Amandla akhishwa ukukhishwa kombani angenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zomlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu nomlilo kubaluleke kakhulu uma kwenzeka isiteleka sombani siqonde ngqo esakhiweni.
Esigabeni sokuklanywa kohlelo lwe-PV, kuyacaca ukuthi ngabe uhlelo lokuvikela umbani lufakiwe esakhiweni. Imithetho yokwakhiwa kwamanye amazwe idinga ukuthi izakhiwo zomphakathi (isib. Izindawo zomhlangano womphakathi, izikole, kanye nezibhedlela) zifakwe uhlelo lokuvikela umbani. Uma kwenzeka izakhiwo zezimboni noma ezizimele, kuya ngendawo ezikuyo, uhlobo lokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kokuthi ngabe uhlelo lokuvikela umbani kufanele lufakwe yini. Kuze kube manje, kufanele kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe iziteleka zombani kulindeleke noma zingaba nemiphumela emibi. Izakhiwo ezidinga ukuvikelwa kumele zinikezwe ngezinhlelo zokuvikela umbani ezisebenza unomphela.
Ngokwesimo solwazi lwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ukufakwa kwamamojula we-PV akubunyusi ubungozi besiteleka sombani. Ngakho-ke, isicelo sezinyathelo zokuvikela umbani asikwazi ukutholwa ngqo kusuka ekubeni khona kohlelo lwe-PV. Kodwa-ke, ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu kombani kungafakwa esakhiweni ngalezi zinhlelo.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunquma ubungozi obuvela esitelekeni sombani ngokwe-IEC 62305-2 (EN 62305-2) nokuthatha imiphumela kulokhu kuhlaziywa kobungozi lapho ufaka uhlelo lwe-PV.
Isigaba 4.5 (Ukuphathwa Kobungozi) se-Supplement 5 yezinga le-DIN EN 62305-3 laseJalimane sichaza ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikela umbani olwenzelwe isigaba se-LPS III (LPL III) luhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo ze-PV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezanele zokuvikela umbani zibhalwe kumhlahlandlela waseJalimane we-VdS 2010 (umbani oqonde ubungozi nokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka) okushicilelwe yi-German Insurance Association. Lo mhlahlandlela futhi udinga ukuthi i-LPL III futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhlelo lokuvikela umbani ngokwesigaba se-LPS III lufakelwe izinhlelo zophahla lwe-PV (> 10 kWp) nokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuqhuma. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ophahleni izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic akumele ziphazamise izindlela ezikhona zokuvikela umbani.
Isidingo sokuvikelwa kokuqina kwezinhlelo ze-PV
Uma kwenzeka kukhishwa umbani, ama-surges abangelwa abaqhubi bakagesi. Amadivayisi wokuvikela (ama-SPD) okumele afakwe phezulu kwamadivayisi azovikeleka ku-ac, dc nakuhlangothi lwedatha kukhombise ukusebenza ngempumelelo enkulu ekuvikeleni amasistimu kagesi kulezi ziqongo zamandla ezibhubhisayo. Isigaba 9.1 sezinga elijwayelekile le-CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 (Izimiso zokukhetha nezokusetshenziswa - ama-SPD axhunywe ekufakweni kwe-photovoltaic) kudinga ukufakwa kwamadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma ngaphandle kokuthi ukuhlaziywa kwengozi kukhombisa ukuthi ama-SPD awadingeki. Ngokuya nge-IEC 60364-4-44 (HD 60364-4-44) ejwayelekile, izinsimbi zokuvikela ukuqhuma kumele nazo zifakwe ezakhiweni ezingenalo uhlelo lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbani njengezakhiwo zezohwebo nezezezimboni, isib. Izindawo zezolimo. I-Supplement 5 yezinga elijwayelekile laseJalimane i-DIN EN 62305-3 linikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo zama-SPD nendawo yazo yokufakwa.
Umzila wekhebula wezinhlelo ze-PV
Izintambo kufanele zihanjiswe ngendlela yokuthi kugwenywe izihibe ezinkulu zabaqhubi. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kuhlanganiswa amasekethe e-dc ukwakha intambo nalapho kuxhunywa izintambo eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yedatha noma yenzwa akumele idluliswe ngezintambo eziningana futhi yakhe izihibe ezinkulu zabaqhubi ngezintambo zezintambo. Lokhu futhi kufanele kubhekwe lapho uxhuma i-inverter kuxhumano lwegridi. Ngalesi sizathu, amandla (i-dc ne-ac) nolayini bedatha (isib. Inzwa yemisebe, ukuqapha isivuno) kufanele kuhanjiswe kanye nabaqhubi be-equipotential bonding kuwo wonke umzila wabo.
Izindlebe zezinhlelo ze-PV
Amamojula we-PV ngokuvamile aqondiswa ezinhlelweni zokufaka izinsimbi. Izinto ezibukhoma ze-PV ohlangothini lwe-dc zifaka ukwahlukanisa okuphindwe kabili noma okuqinisiwe (okufana nokufakwa kwangaphambilini okuvikelayo) njengoba kudingekile kuzinga le-IEC 60364-4-41. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuningi ohlangothini lwemodyuli kanye ne-inverter (isb. Ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kwe-galvanic) kuholela kuzidingo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuqapha ukwahlukanisa oluhlanganiswe nama-inverters lusebenza unomphela kuphela uma uhlelo olukhuphukayo luxhunywe emhlabeni. Imininingwane yokusebenza okuhlinzekwayo inikezwa ku-Supplement 5 wezinga le-DIN EN 62305-3 laseJalimane. Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi kuyasebenza uma uhlelo lwe-PV lutholakala kumthamo ovikelekile wezinhlelo zokuqeda umoya futhi ibanga lokwehlukana ligcinwa. Isigaba 7 se-Supplement 5 sidinga abaqhubi bethusi abane-cross-section okungenani engu-6 mm2 noma okulingana nokusebenza komhlaba (Umdwebo 1). Ojantshi abanyukayo kufanele futhi baxhumane unomphela ngokusebenzisa abaqhubi balesi sigaba esinqamulelayo. Uma uhlelo olukhuphukayo luxhunywe ngqo ohlelweni lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle ngenxa yokuthi ibanga lokwehlukaniswa alikwazi ukunakekelwa, laba baqhubi baba yingxenye yohlelo lokuxhuma imibani. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinto kufanele zikwazi ukuthwala imibani yombani. Isidingo esiphansi sohlelo lokuvikela umbani olwenzelwe isigaba se-LPS III ngumqhubi wethusi onendawo enqamulelayo engu-16 mm2 noma okulingana. Futhi, kuleli cala, ojantshi abanyukayo kufanele baxhumane unomphela ngokusebenzisa abaqhubi balesi sigaba esiphambanweni (Umdwebo 2). Umqhubi osebenzayo womhlaba / umbani we-equipotential bonding kufanele ahanjiswe ngokufana futhi asondele ngangokunokwenzeka ezintanjeni ze-dc kanye ne-ac.
I-UNI earthing clamps (Umdwebo 3) ingalungiswa kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezivamile zokukhuphuka. Baxhuma, isibonelo, abaqhubi bezethusi abane-cross-section ye-6 noma i-16 mm2 nezintambo zomhlabathi ezingenalutho ezinobubanzi obusuka ku-8 kuye ku-10 mm kuye ohlelweni lokufaka ngendlela yokuthi bakwazi ukuthwala imisinga yombani. Ipuleti lokuxhumana lensimbi elihlanganisiwe (V4A) liqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kwezinhlelo zokufakwa kwe-aluminium.
Ibanga lokwehlukaniswa ngokwe-IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) Ibanga elithile lokwehlukanisa kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kohlelo lokuvikela umbani nohlelo lwe-PV. Lichaza ibanga elidingekayo ukugwema ukuflashova okungalawuleki ezingxenyeni ezisondelene zensimbi okuvela esitelekeni sombani kuya ohlelweni lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbani. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, umcibisholo onjalo ongalawulwa angashisa isakhiwo ngomlilo. Kulokhu, ukulimala kohlelo lwe-PV kuba yinto engabalulekile.
Izithunzi eziyinhloko kumaseli elanga
Ibanga phakathi kwe-generator yelanga nohlelo lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbani lubaluleke impela ukuvimbela ukufiphazwa ngokweqile. Izithunzi ezisabalalayo ezenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, imigqa ephezulu, ayiluthinti kakhulu uhlelo lwe-PV nesivuno. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezithunzi eziyinhloko, isithunzi esimnyama esichazwe ngokucacile siphonswa ebusweni ngemuva kwento, kushintsha ukugeleza kwamanje ngamamojula we-PV. Ngalesi sizathu, amaseli elanga nama-diode wokudlula ahambisanayo akumele athonywe izithunzi eziyinhloko. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokugcina ibanga elanele. Isibonelo, uma induku yokunqamula umoya enobubanzi obungu-10 mm ifaka imodyuli, isithunzi esiyinhloko sincipha ngokuqinile njengoba ibanga elisuka kwimodyuli landa. Ngemuva kuka-1.08 m kuphela isithunzi esisakazwayo siphonswa kwimodyuli (Umdwebo 4). Isithasiselo A se-Supplement 5 se-German DIN EN 62305-3 standard sinikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ekubalweni kwezithunzi eziyinhloko.
Amadivayisi akhethekile wokuvikela ama-dc ohlangothini lwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic
Izici ze-U / I zemithombo yamanje ye-photovoltaic yehluke kakhulu kunaleyo yemithombo ye-dc ejwayelekile: Zinezici ezingezona ezomugqa (Umdwebo 5) futhi zidala ukuphikelela kwesikhathi eside kwama-arcs aqhumile. Le mvelo eyingqayizivele yemithombo yamanje ye-PV ayidingi kuphela ukushintshwa kwe-PV emikhulu namafuyuzi e-PV, kepha futhi ne-disconnector yedivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda eguqulwe yalolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele futhi ekwazi ukubhekana nemisinga ye-PV. Ukwengeza i-5 ye-German DIN EN 62305-3 ejwayelekile (isigatshana 5.6.1, Ithebula 1) ichaza ukukhethwa kwama-SPD anele.
Ukwenza lula ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-1 SPDs, Amathebula 1 no-2 akhombisa amandla wokudonswa kombani odingekayo wamanje wokuthwala amandla Iimp kuya ngesigaba se-LPS, ama-conductor amaningi aphansi wezinhlelo zokuvikela umbani wangaphandle kanye nohlobo lwe-SPD (isibambiso esinciphisa i-varistor-based arrester noma i-voltage-switching spark-gap arrester). Ama-SPD ahambisana nezinga le-EN 50539-11 elifanele kufanele asetshenziswe. Isigatshana 9.2.2.7 seCENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 naso sibhekise kuleli zinga.
Thayipha i-1 dc arrester ukuze uyisebenzise ezinhlelweni ze-PV:
Uhlobo lwe-Multipole 1 + uhlobo 2 oluhlanganisiwe lwe-dc arrester FLP7-PV. Le divayisi yokushintshwa kwe-dc iqukethe ukunqanyulwa okuhlanganisiwe nedivayisi yokujikeleza okufishane ngeThermo Dynamic Control kanye ne-fuse esendleleni yokudlula. Lesi sifunda sinqamula ngokuphepha isibambi kumandla we-generator uma kwenzeka sigcwala ngokweqile futhi sicisha ngokuthembekile ama-dc arcs. Ngakho-ke, ivumela ukuvikela ama-PV generator kuze kufike ku-1000 A ngaphandle kwe-fuse yesipele eyengeziwe. Lesi siboshwa sihlanganisa umbambi wamanje wombani nesiboshwa esikhulayo kudivayisi eyodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo kwemishini yokugcina. Ngomthamo wayo wokukhipha iInani we-12.5 kA (10/350 μs), ingasetshenziswa kalula kwizigaba eziphakeme kakhulu ze-LPS. I-FLP7-PV iyatholakala ngama-voltages UI-CPV ka-600 V, 1000 V, no-1500 V futhi inobubanzi bamamojula ama-3 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, i-FLP7-PV iyilona hlobo lokuqala lokuhlangana elihlanganisiwe elizosetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi.
Uhlobo olususelwa ku-voltage-switch-based based type 1 SPDs, ngokwesibonelo, i-FLP12,5-PV, obunye ubuchwepheshe obunamandla obuvumela ukukhipha imisinga yombani ngokwengxenye uma kunezinhlelo ze-dc PV. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo be-spark gap kanye ne-dc extinction circuit evumela ukuvikela kahle amasistimu we-elekthronikhi asezansi, lolu chungechunge lwe-arrester lunamandla amakhulu kakhulu okukhipha umbani njengamanjeInani kwama-50 kA (10/350 μs) ahlukile emakethe.
Thayipha i-2 dc arrester ukuze uyisebenzise ezinhlelweni ze-PV: SLP40-PV
Ukusebenza okuthembekile kwama-SPD kuma-circuits e-dc PV nakho kubalulekile uma usebenzisa izinhlobo zokuvikela zohlobo lwe-2. Kuze kube manje, abakwa-SLP40-PV ababopha uchungechunge lokufaka futhi bafaka isekhethi evikela amaphutha ye-Y futhi baxhumeke kuma-generator e-PV aze afike ku-1000 A ngaphandle kwe-fuse eyengeziwe yokusekelayo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuhlanganisiwe kulaba ababoshiwe buvimbela ukulimala kwensimbi yokuvikela ukuqhuma ngenxa yamaphutha we-insulation kwisekethe ye-PV, ubungozi bokudubula kwesiboshwa esigcwele ngokweqile futhi kubeka obambayo esimweni esiphephile sikagesi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-PV. Ngenxa yesekethe lokuvikela, isici sokunciphisa amandla we-varistors singasetshenziswa ngokuphelele ngisho nakuma-dc circuits wezinhlelo ze-PV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuluzi lokuzivikela elisebenza unomphela linciphisa iziqongo zamandla kagesi eziningi.
Ukukhethwa kwama-SPD ngokuya ngezinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla u-Up
Amandla wokusebenza ohlangothini lwe-dc ohlangothini lwezinhlelo ze-PV ahlukile kusuka kusistimu kuye kusistimu. Njengamanje, amanani afinyelela ku-1500 V dc kungenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla we-dielectric yemishini yokugcina nayo iyahluka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-PV luvikelwe ngokuthembekile, izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi u-Up kwi-SPD kumele ibe ngaphansi kunamandla we-dielectric wohlelo lwe-PV okufanele iluvikele. Izinga le-CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 lidinga ukuthi i-Up okungenani ibe ngu-20% ngaphansi kwamandla we-dielectric wohlelo lwe-PV. Thayipha i-1 noma thayipha i-2 SPDs kufanele ihambisane namandla nokufakwa kwemishini yokugcina. Uma ama-SPD asevele ahlanganiswe nemishini yokugcina, ukuxhumana phakathi kohlobo 2 SPD kanye nokufakwa kokufakwa kwemishini yokugcina kuqinisekiswa ngumenzi.
Izibonelo zohlelo lokusebenza:
Ukwakha ngaphandle kohlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle (isimo A)
Umdwebo 12 ukhombisa umqondo wokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka wohlelo lwe-PV olufakwe esakhiweni ngaphandle kohlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle. Ama-surges ayingozi angena ohlelweni lwe-PV ngenxa yokuhlangana okungahambi kahle okuvela ezitelekeni zombani eziseduze noma ukuhamba kusuka ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla ngokungena kwensiza ekufakweni komthengi. Thayipha ama-2 SPDs okufanele afakwe kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- dc ohlangothini lwamamojula nama-inverters
- Ukukhishwa kwe-ac kwe-inverter
- Ibhodi lokusabalalisa amandla aphansi aphansi
- Izintambo zokuxhumana ezinentambo
Konke okufakwayo kwe-dc (MPP) kwe-inverter kufanele kuvikelwe uhlobo lokuvikela lokuvikela uhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-SLP2-PV, oluvikela ngokuthembekile i-dc ohlangothini lwezinhlelo ze-PV. Izinga le-CENELEC CLC / TS 40-50539 lidinga ukuthi kufakwe uhlobo olungeziwe lokubopha u-12 dc ohlangothini lwemodyuli uma ibanga eliphakathi kokufaka kwe-inverter ne-generator ye-PV lidlula u-2 m.
Imiphumela ye-inverters ivikelwe ngokwanele uma ibanga phakathi kwama-inverters e-PV nendawo yokufakwa kohlobo lwe-2 arrester endaweni yokuxhuma igridi (i-low-voltage infeed) ingaphansi kuka-10 m. Uma kwenzeka ubude bekhebuli bukhulu, uhlobo olungeziwe lwedivayisi yokuvikela engu-2, ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-SLP40-275, kufanele ifakwe phezulu komfutho we-ac okokufaka kwe-inverter ngokwe-CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo oluthile 2 SLP40-275 ochungechungeni lwedivayisi yokuvikela kumele ifakwe phezulu kumamitha we-low-voltage infeed. I-CI (Circuit Interruption) imele i-fuse edidiyelwe ehlanganiswe nendlela yokuzivikela yalowo obambayo, evumela ukuthi lowo oboshiwe asetshenziswe ku-ac a circuit ngaphandle komfutho owengeziwe wesipele. Uchungechunge lwe-SLP40-275 luyatholakala kuwo wonke amasethingi we-low-voltage system (TN-C, TN-S, TT).
Uma ama-inverters exhunywe kudatha nakwimigqa yenzwa ukuqapha isivuno, kudingeka amadivayisi afanele wokuvikela. Uchungechunge lwe-FLD2, olunama-terminals wamabhangqa amabili, ngokwesibonelo kolayini bedatha abangenayo nabaphumayo, lungasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zedatha ezisuselwa ku-RS 485.
Ukwakha ngohlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle kanye nebanga lokuhlukanisa elanele (isimo B)
Umfanekiso we-13 ikhombisa umqondo wokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka wohlelo lwe-PV olunesistimu yokuvikela umbani wangaphandle kanye nebanga lokuhlukanisa elanele phakathi kohlelo lwe-PV nohlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle.
Inhloso yokuvikela eyinhloko ukuvikela ukulinyazwa kwabantu nempahla (ukwakha umlilo) okuvela esitelekeni sombani. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlelo lwe-PV lungaphazamisi uhlelo lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwe-PV uqobo kumele luvikelwe ezitelekeni zombani eziqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-PV kufanele lufakwe kumthamo ovikelekile wohlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle. Le volumu evikelwe yakhiwa yizinhlelo zokuqeda umoya (isb. Izinduku zokuphelisa umoya) ezivimbela iziteleka zombani eziqonde kumamojula nezintambo ze-PV. Indlela engeli yokuvikela (Umfanekiso we-14) noma indlela ye-sphere egingqikayo (Umfanekiso we-15) njengoba kuchaziwe esigatshaneni 5.2.2 sezinga le-IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) lingasetshenziswa ukuthola leli volumu evikelwe. Ibanga lokwehlukanisa elithile kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye ezihamba kahle zohlelo lwe-PV kanye nohlelo lokuvikela umbani. Kulo mongo, izithunzi eziyinhloko kufanele zivinjelwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukugcina ibanga elanele phakathi kwezinduku zokunqamula umoya nemodyuli ye-PV.
Ukubopha i-equipotential bonding yingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuvikela umbani. Kumele isetshenziselwe zonke izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle nolayini abangena esakhiweni abangahle bathwale imibani yombani. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuxhuma ngqo zonke izinsimbi kanye nokuxhuma ngokungaqondile zonke izinhlelo ezinamandla ngohlobo 1 lokukhanyisa njengamanje kwababamba ohlelweni lokuqeda umhlaba. Ukuxhunywa kombani kufanele kusetshenziswe kuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yokungena esakhiweni ukuvimbela imisebe yombani eyingxenye ukungena esakhiweni. Iphoyinti lokuxhuma igridi kufanele livikelwe uhlobo lwe-SPD olususelwa ku-multipole, ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo lokubanjwa okuhlanganisiwe okungu-1 FLP1GR. Lesi siboshwa sihlanganisa umbambi wamanje wombani nesiboshwa esikhulayo kudivayisi eyodwa. Uma ubude bekhebula phakathi kwesiboshwa kanye ne-inverter bungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-25, kunikezwa ukuvikelwa okwanele. Uma kwenzeka ubude bekhebuli bukhulu, uhlobo olungeziwe lwesibili lokuvikela amadivayisi kufanele lufakwe ngasemfuleni we-ac ukufaka kwama-inverters ngokwe-CENELEC CLC / TS 10-2.
Yonke i-dc okokufaka kwe-inverter kufanele kuvikelwe ngohlobo lwe-2 PV arrester, ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-SLP40-PV (Umfanekiso 16). Lokhu kusebenza futhi kumadivayisi angaguquki. Uma ama-inverters exhunywe kolayini bedatha, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqapha isivuno, kufanele kufakwe amadivayisi wokuvikela ukuvikela ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ngale njongo, uchungechunge lwe-FLPD2 lungahlinzekwa ngemigqa enesiginali ye-analog nezinhlelo zebhasi ledatha njenge-RS485. Ibona amandla wokusebenza wesiginali ewusizo futhi ilungisa ileveli yokuvikelwa kwamandla kule voltage yokusebenza.
I-HVI Conductor engamelana namandla kagesi aphezulu
Okunye okungenzeka ukugcina amabanga wokwehlukanisa ukusebenzisa ama-high-voltage-resistant, insulated HVI Conductors avumela ukugcina ibanga lokwehlukanisa lifika ku-0.9 m emoyeni. Abaqhubi be-HVI bangaxhumana ngqo nesistimu ye-PV engezansi kwebanga lokugcina lokuvala. Imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nokufaka isicelo nokufakwa kwe-HVI Conductors inikezwe kulo mhlahlandlela wokuvikela umbani noma kwimiyalo efanele yokufaka.
Ukwakha ngohlelo lokuvikela umbani lwangaphandle olunamabanga ahlukanisayo (isimo C)
Uma ukufulela kwenziwa ngensimbi noma kwakhiwa uhlelo lwe-PV uqobo, ibanga lokwehlukaniswa alikwazi ukunakekelwa. Izinto zensimbi zohlelo lokufakwa kwe-PV kufanele zixhunywe ohlelweni lokuvikela umbani lwangaphandle ngendlela yokuthi bakwazi ukuthwala imisinga yombani (umqhubi wethusi ongahlukaniswa okungenani okungu-16 mm2 noma okulingana). Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbani we-equipotential bonding nawo kufanele usetshenziselwe ulayini we-PV ongena esakhiweni uvela ngaphandle (Umfanekiso 17). Ngokuya nge-Supplement 5 yezinga le-German DIN EN 62305-3 kanye ne-CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 ejwayelekile, imigqa ye-dc kufanele ivikelwe ngohlobo 1 SPD lwezinhlelo ze-PV.
Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lokubopha uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 FLP7-PV. Ukuxhuma umbani we-equipotential kufanele futhi kufakwe kumandla we-low-voltage infeed. Uma ama-inverter (ama-PV) (s) atholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 kusuka kuhlobo 1 SPD olufakwe endaweni yokuxhuma igridi, uhlobo olungeziwe lwe-1 SPD kufanele lufakwe ohlangothini lwama-inverter (isib. Uhlobo 1 + Uhlobo 2 FLP25GR ukubanjwa okuhlanganisiwe). Amadivayisi afanele wokuvikela kufanele afakwe futhi ukuvikela imigqa yedatha efanelekile yokuqapha isivuno. Kusetshenziswa amadivayisi wokuvikela ochungechunge lwe-FLD2 ukuvikela amasistimu wedatha, ngokwesibonelo, ngokususelwa ku-RS 485.
Izinhlelo ze-PV ezinama-microinverters
Ama-Microinverters adinga umqondo ohlukile wokuvikela ukuqhuma. Kuze kube manje, i-dc umugqa wemodyuli noma amamojula amabili axhumeke ngqo kwi-inverter esayizi encane. Kule nqubo, izingodo zomqhubi ezingadingekile kufanele zigwenywe. Ukuhlangana okungahambisani nezakhiwo ezincane ze-dc ngokuvamile kunamandla amakhulu okubhujiswa ngamandla. I-cabling ebanzi yohlelo lwe-PV enama-microinverters itholakala ohlangothini lwe-ac (Umdwebo 18). Uma i-microinverter ifakwe ngqo kwimodyuli, amadivayisi wokuvikela angafakwa kuphela kuhlangothi lwe-ac:
- Izakhiwo ezingenawo uhlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle = uhlobo 2 lokuboshwa kwabashintshi besigaba sokushintshana / sesigaba esithathu eduze kwama-microinverters kanye ne-SLP40-275 endaweni yamandla kagesi ephansi.
- Izakhiwo ezinesistimu yokuvikela umbani wangaphandle nebanga lokwehlukanisa elanele s = uhlobo 2 zokubamba, ngokwesibonelo, i-SLP40-275, eduze kwama-microinverters nombani wamanje ophethe uhlobo lwababanjiweyo ku-low-voltage infeed, ngokwesibonelo, i-FLP1GR.
- Izakhiwo ezinesistimu yokuvikela umbani wangaphandle kanye nebanga lokwehlukanisa elinganele s = uhlobo 1 ababanjiwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-SLP40-275, esondelene ne-microinverters nombani wamanje ophethe uhlobo lwe-1 FLP25GR ababambayo endaweni ene-low-voltage infeed.
Ezizimele zabakhiqizi abathile, ama-microinverters afaka izinhlelo zokuqapha idatha. Uma idatha iguqulwe emigqeni ye-ac ngokusebenzisa ama-microinverters, kufanele kuhlinzekwe idivaysi yokuvikela yokwenyuka kumayunithi ahlukile okuthola (ukuthunyelwa kwedatha / ukucubungula idatha). Okufanayo kusebenza ekuxhumaneni kwesixhumi nezinhlelo zebhasi ezisezansi kanye namandla kagesi (isb. I-Ethernet, i-ISDN).
Izinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zikagesi zanamuhla. Kufanele bahlonyiswe ngombani owanele njengamanje kanye nababambayo, ngakho-ke baqinisekise ukuthi isebenza njalo isikhathi esingenaphutha le mithombo kagesi.
