Imishini yokuvikela umbani
Imishini yokuvikela umbani ingogesi wanamuhla nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukuvimbela ukuthi imishini ishaywe umbani. Imishini yokuvikela umbani ingahlukaniswa ngokuvikelwa kombani wamandla, isokhethi yokuvikela amandla, ukuvikelwa kokuphakelwa kwe-antenna, ukuvikelwa kombani wesiginali, amathuluzi wokuhlola umbani, ukukala, nokuvikela ukuvikelwa kombani, ukuvikelwa kwesigxobo somhlaba.
Ngokomqondo wokuvikelwa kombani ongaphansi kwendawo nokuvikelwa kwamazinga amaningi ngokusho kwe-IEC (ikomidi lamazwe omhlaba jikelele le-electrotechnical), ukuvikelwa kombani wezinga eliphansi kungokwedivayisi yokuvikela umbani esezingeni lokuqala, engasetshenziswa kwikhabethe elikhulu lokusabalalisa isakhiwo; I-Class C ngeyedivayisi yesibili yokuvikela umbani, esetshenziswa kwikhabethe lokusabalalisa lesifunda lesakhiwo; IClass D isiboshwa sombani sesigaba sesithathu, esisetshenziswa ekugcineni kwangaphambi kwemishini ebalulekile yokuvikelwa okuhle.
Ukubuka konke / imishini yokuvikela umbani
Iminyaka yolwazi namuhla, inethiwekhi yamakhompiyutha kanye nemishini yokuxhumana seyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, indawo yokusebenza yayo iya ngokuya ifunwa ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukuduma kwezulu nombani kanye nokuchaphazeleka kwamandla ngokuphazima kweso kwemishini emikhulu kagesi kuzoba njalo nangaphezulu ngokunikezwa kwamandla, i-antenna, a isignali yomsakazo yokuthumela nokwamukela ulayini wemishini ezintweni zikagesi ezisendlini nezinsizakusebenza zenethiwekhi, ukulimala kwemishini noma izingxenye, ukulimala, ukudlulisa noma ukugcina imininingwane yokuphazamiseka noma ukulahleka, noma nokwenza imishini ye-elekthronikhi ukukhiqiza ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukumisa isikhashana, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana, ukudluliswa kwedatha yohlelo phazamisa, i-LAN ne-wan. Ukulimala kwayo kuyamangalisa, ukulahlekelwa okungaqondile kungaphezu kokulahlekelwa okuqondile kwezomnotho ngokujwayelekile. Imishini yokuvikela umbani ingogesi wanamuhla nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukuvimbela ukuthi imishini ishaywe umbani.
Shintsha / imishini yokuvikela umbani
Lapho abantu bazi ukuthi ukuduma kuyisimo sikagesi, ukukhonza kwabo kanye nokwesaba ukuduma kuyanyamalala kancane kancane, bese beqala ukubona lesi simanga semvelo esiyindida ngokombono wesayensi, ngethemba lokusebenzisa noma ukulawula umsebenzi wombani ukuze kuzuze isintu. UFranklin wahola kwezobuchwepheshe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 eyedlule wethula inselelo ekudumeleni kwezulu, wasungula induku yombani kungenzeka ukuthi ibe ngowokuqala wemikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani, empeleni, lapho uFranklin esungula induku yombani ukuthi lelo phuzu umsebenzi wezinduku zensimbi ungafakwa ku-thundercloud ukukhokhisa-ukukhipha, ukunciphisa inkambu kagesi yokuduma phakathi kwefu nomhlaba ezingeni lokonakala komoya, ukugwema ukuvela kombani, ngakho-ke induku yombani kumele ikhombe izidingo. Kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi induku yombani ayikwazi ukugwema ukuvela kombani, induku yombani, ingavimbela umbani ngoba ukuphakama okushintshile insimu kagesi yasemkhathini, kwenza uhla lwezulu lokuduma luhlale njalo ludedela umbani, okungukuthi, induku yombani ilula kunezinye izinto ezizungezile ukuphendula umbani, ukuvikelwa kwenduku yombani kushaywa umbani nezinye izinto, kuyisimiso sokuvikela umbani senduku yombani. Izifundo ezengeziwe zikhombisile ukuthi umphumela wokuthintana kombani wenduku yombani ucishe uhlobane nokuphakama kwayo, kepha ayihlobene nokubukeka kwayo, okusho ukuthi induku yombani ayikhonjisiwe. Manje emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokuvikela umbani, lolu hlobo lwensiza yokuvikela umbani lubizwa ngokuthi i-lightning receptor.
Imishini yokuvikela / yokuKhanyisa
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kukagesi kukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani. Lapho amanethiwekhi okudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu ahlinzeka ngamandla nokukhanyisa ezinkulungwaneni zemindeni, umbani ubuye ubeke engcupheni ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nemishini yenguquko. Ulayini we-high-voltage umiswe phezulu, ibanga lide, indawo iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kulula ukushaywa umbani. Ububanzi bokuvikelwa kwenduku yombani abwenele ukuvikela izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha entambo yokudlulisa. Ngakho-ke, ulayini wokuvikela umbani uvele njengohlobo olusha lomamukeli wombani wokuvikela imigqa yamandla aphezulu. Ngemuva kokuthi kuvikelwe ulayini onamandla amakhulu, imishini yamandla nokusabalalisa exhunywe kulayini one-voltage ephezulu isalinyazwa ngamandla amaningi. Kutholakala ukuthi lokhu kungenxa "yombani wokungeniswa". (Umbani odonsayo ubangelwa yimibani eqonde ngqo kubaqhubi bensimbi abaseduze. Umbani onamandla ungangena umqhubi ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuzwa. Okokuqala, ukufakwa kwe-electrostatic: lapho inkokhiso ku-thundercloud iqongelela, umqhubi oseduze naye azobanga Okhokhweni oluphambene nalo , lapho umbani ushaya, ukukhokhiswa kuduma kudedelwa ngokushesha, futhi ugesi omile ku-conductor oboshwe yinkambu kagesi we-thundercloud nawo uzodlula eceleni komqhubi ukuthola isiteshi sokukhipha, esizokwenza ugesi ku-pulse wesifunda Owesibili ukwenziwa ngogesi: lapho i-thundercloud iphuma, umbani oshintsha ngokushesha wenza inkambu enamandla kagesi yesikhashana ewuzungezile, ekhiqiza amandla amakhulu we-elektroni wezimoto kumqhubi oseduze. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuqhuma okubangelwa ukufakwa kwe-electrostatic kuningi izikhathi eziphakeme kunokukhuphuka okubangelwa ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic . I-Thunderbolt ibanga ukuqhuma kulayini onamandla amakhulu futhi isabalalisa ngocingo imishini yokusabalalisa izinwele namandla okuxhunywe kuyo. Lapho i-voltage yokumelana nalawa madivayisi iphansi, izolinyazwa umbani owenziwe. Ukuze kucindezelwe ukuqhuma kocingo, abantu Kwasungulwa isiboshwa somugqa.
Ababambe ulayini kusenesikhathi kwakuyizikhala ezivulekile. Amandla okuphuka komoya aphezulu kakhulu, cishe ama-500kV / m, futhi uma ehlukaniswa ngamandla aphezulu, anama-volts ambalwa kuphela wamandla kagesi aphansi. Kusetshenziswa lesi sici somoya, kwakhiwa isiboshwa sokuqala. Olunye uhlangothi lwentambo eyodwa lwaluxhunywe kulayini wamandla, olunye uhlangothi lwenye ucingo lwalubekelwe phansi, kanti olunye uhlangothi lwezintambo ezimbili lwahlukaniswa ngebanga elithile ukuze kwakheke izikhala ezimbili zomoya. I-electrode nebanga legebe kunquma amandla okwephuka kwesiboshwa. Amandla okwephuka kufanele abe ngaphezulu kancane kunamandla asebenzayo olayini wamandla. Lapho isifunda sisebenza ngokujwayelekile, igebe lomoya lilingana nesekethe evulekile futhi ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza okujwayelekile kolayini. Lapho i-overvoltage ihlaselwa, igebe lomoya liphukile, i-overvoltage ibambeke ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, futhi i-overcurrent nayo ikhishelwa emhlabathini ngegebe lomoya, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukuvikelwa kombambi wombani. Kunamaphutha amaningi kakhulu esikhaleni esivulekile. Isibonelo, amandla wokwephuka athinteka kakhulu yimvelo; ukukhishwa komoya kuzoxhuma i-electrode; ngemuva kokuthi kwakhiwe i-arc yomoya, kuthatha imijikelezo eminingi ye-AC ukucisha i-arc, engadala ukwehluleka kokubanjwa kombani noma ukwehluleka kolayini. Amashubhu okukhipha igesi, ama-tube arresters, kanye nama-magnetic blow arresters athuthukiswe ngokuzayo anqobe kakhulu lezi zinkinga, kepha asasuselwa kumgomo wokukhishwa kwegesi. Okubi okungokwemvelo kokubanjwa kokukhishwa kwegesi kungamandla amakhulu okuwohloka komthelela; ukubambezeleka kokukhishwa isikhathi eside (ileveli yama-microsecond); i-waveform eguquguqukayo ye-voltage residual (dV / dt inkulu). Lokhu kushiyeka kunquma ukuthi iziboshwa ezikhipha igesi azimelani kakhulu nezinto zikagesi ezizwelayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor kusinikeza ngezinto ezintsha zokuvikela umbani, ezinjenge-Zener diode. Izici zayo ze-volt-ampere zihambisana nezidingo zokuvikela umbani kulayini, kepha amandla ayo okudlulisa umbani njengamanje abuthakathaka ukuze amashubhu wokulawula angajwayelekile angasetshenziswa ngqo. ukuboshwa kombani. I-semiconductor yasekuqaleni I-arrester iyisigaxa se-valve esenziwe ngezinto ze-silicon carbide, enezici ezifanayo ze-volt-ampere kuthubhu yeZener, kepha inamandla amakhulu okudlulisa umbani wamanje. Kodwa-ke, i-metal oxide semiconductor varistor (MOV) itholwe ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi izici zayo ze-volt-ampere zingcono, futhi inezinzuzo eziningi njengesikhathi sokuphendula ngokushesha namandla amakhulu wamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukuboshwa kolayini be-MOV okwamanje kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezokuxhumana, kukhiqizwe abaningi ababamba imibani yezintambo zokuxhumana. Ngenxa yezingqinamba zamapharamitha wokudluliswa kolayini bezokuxhumana, labo baboshiwe kufanele bacabangele izinto ezithinta amapharamitha wokudlulisa njenge-capacitance kanye ne-inductance. Noma kunjalo, isimiso sayo sokuvikela umbani ngokuyisisekelo siyefana ne-MOV.
Thayipha / imishini yokuvikela umbani
Imishini yokuvikela umbani ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezinhlobo: idivaysi yokuvikela ugesi, isokhethi yokuvikela ugesi, kanye nabavikeli bolayini be-antenna feeder, ababamba umbani wamasignali, amathuluzi wokuhlola ukuvikela umbani, amadivayisi wokuvikela umbani wezinhlelo zokulinganisa nokulawula, kanye nabavikeli bomhlaba.
Isibambi sombani esihambisa ugesi sehlukaniswe ngamazinga amathathu: B, C, no D. Ngokuya nge-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) ejwayelekile yombono wokuvikelwa kombani wendawo kanye nokuvikelwa kwamazinga amaningi, ukuvikelwa kombani weClass B kungokwokuqala- idivayisi yokuvikela umbani futhi ingasetshenziswa kwikhabhinethi enkulu yokusabalalisa amandla esakhiweni; Isisetshenziswa sombani sisetshenziswa kwikhabhinethi yokusatshalaliswa kwegatsha lesakhiwo; i-D-class iyithuluzi lokuvikela umbani elisezingeni lesithathu, elisetshenziswa ekugcineni kwengaphambili lemishini ebalulekile ukuvikela kahle imishini.
Isiginali yomugqa wokuxhumana wombani obanjiwe uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ze-B, C no-F ngokuya ngezidingo ze-IEC 61644. Izinga lokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo (izinga lokuvikela elibi), izinga le-C (ukuvikelwa kwenhlanganisela) izinga lokuvikela eliphelele, i-Class F (Medium & fine protection) medium & emihle izinga lokuvikela.
Amadivayisi wokulinganisa nokulawula / imishini yokuvikela umbani
Amadivayisi wokulinganisa nokulawula anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengezitshalo zokukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwezakhiwo, amasistimu wokushisa, idivaysi yokuxwayisa, njll. Ukweqiwa kwamandla okubangelwa umbani noma ezinye izimbangela akubangeli ukulimala kohlelo lokulawula kuphela, kodwa futhi kubanga nokonakalisa kwabaguquli ababizayo nezinzwa. Ukwehluleka kohlelo lokulawula kuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni komkhiqizo nomthelela ekukhiqizeni. Izilinganiso namayunithi wokulawula ajwayele ukuzwela kunokuphendula kohlelo lwamandla ukukhuphuka kwama-overvoltages. Lapho kukhethwa futhi kufakwa isibani sombani ohlelweni lokukala nokulawula, kufanele kucatshangwe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1, amandla wokusebenza aphezulu wesistimu
2, ukusebenza kwamanje okuphezulu
3, imvamisa yokudlulisa idatha
4, ukuthi kuvunyelwe inani lokumelana likhuphuke
5, Noma ngabe ucingo lungeniswe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, nokuthi ngabe isakhiwo sinomshini wangaphandle wokuvikela umbani.
Amandla amancane okubamba amandla / imishini yokuvikela umbani
Ukuhlaziywa komnyango wangaphambili wezokuxhumana nowezokuxhumana kukhombisa ukuthi u-80% wezingozi zesiteleka sombani esiteshini sezokuxhumana zidalwa ukungena kwegagasi lombani entanjeni kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ama-voltage asezingeni eliphansi ashintshana nababambi bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kuyilapho ababambi bombani abakhulu abanezinto ze-MOV bahlala endaweni ephezulu emakethe. Kunabakhiqizi abaningi be-MOV arresters, futhi umehluko wemikhiqizo yabo uboniswa kakhulu ku:
Umthamo wokugeleza
Umthamo wokugeleza umbani wamanje ophakeme (8 / 20μs) umsizi angamelana nawo. Izinga Lomnyango Wezimboni Zokwaziswa “Imithetho Yezobuchwepheshe Yokuvikelwa Kombani Wendlela Yamandla Obunjiniyela Kwezokuxhumana” ibeka amandla okugeleza kombambi wombani wokuhambisa ugesi. Isiboshwa sebanga lokuqala sikhulu kune-20KA. Kodwa-ke, amandla akhona wamanje wokubamba emakethe aya ngokuya ekhula futhi eba nkulu. Isibambi esikhulu esiphethe njengamanje asilimazi kalula ngenxa yeziteleka zombani. Inani lezikhathi lapho umbani omncane ubekezelelwa ngalo liyakhuphuka, futhi amandla kagesi asalayo nawo ancishiswa kancane. Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo obungafuneki buyamukelwa. Owabambayo uphinde athuthukise ukuvikelwa kwekhono. Kodwa-ke, ukulimala komuntu oboshiwe akuhlali kudalwa yimibani.
Njengamanje, kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe umjelo wamanje ongu-10/350 μs ukuthola umkhiphi wombani. Isizathu ukuthi amazinga we-IEC1024 ne-IEC1312 asebenzisa igagasi le-10/350 μs lapho echaza igagasi lombani. Lesi sitatimende asibanzi, ngoba i-8 / 20μs wave wave isasetshenziswa ekubalweni okufanayo kwalowo oboshiwe ku-IEC1312, futhi igagasi le-8 / 20μs lisetshenziswa futhi ku-IEC1643 "SPD" - Isisekelo Sokukhetha "Isetshenziswa njengamanje ifomu lokuzingela ukuthola i-arrester (SPD). Ngakho-ke, akunakushiwo ukuthi umthamo wokugeleza kwesiboshwa onamagagasi e-8/20 μs usuphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi akunakushiwo ukuthi amandla okugeleza kombanjwa ngegagasi le-8/20 μs alihambisani namazinga omhlaba.
Vikela isifunda
Ukwehluleka kwesiboshwa se-MOV kufushane futhi kuyisigaxa esivulekile. Umbani wamandla onamandla ungalimaza obambayo bese wenza iphutha lesifunda esivulekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuma kwemodyuli yokubopha kuvame ukubhujiswa. Isiboshwa singanciphisa namandla okusebenza ngenxa yokuguga kwento isikhathi eside. Lapho amandla okusebenza ehla ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi womugqa, isiboshwa sandisa amandla ashintshanayo, futhi isiboshwa senza ukushisa, okuzogcina kuqede izici ezingekho emgqeni zedivayisi ye-MOV, okuholele ekujikelezeni okufushane okuncane kombophi. ukusha. Isimo esifanayo singenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwentambo kagesi.
Iphutha lesifunda elivulekile lesiboshwa alithinti ukunikezwa kwamandla. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole i-voltage yokusebenza ukuthola, ngakho-ke lowo obambayo udinga ukubhekwa njalo.
Iphutha lesikhashana lesiboshwa lithinta ukunikezwa kwamandla. Lapho ukushisa kunzima, ucingo luzoshiswa. Isifunda se-alamu sidinga ukuvikelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphakelwa kwamandla. Esikhathini esedlule, i-fuse yayixhunywe ngochungechunge kumodyuli wokubamba, kepha i-fuse kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi umbani wamanje nombane wesikhashana uzoshaywa. Kunzima ukusebenzisa ngokomthetho. Ikakhulu, imodyuli yokubamba iningi isizungu elifushane. Ukugeleza kwamanje ngesikhathi sesifunda esifushane akukukhulu, kepha okwamanje okuqhubekayo kwanele ukwenza ukuthi isibani sombani esisetshenziselwe ukukhipha i-pulse current sishise kakhulu. Idivayisi enqamula ukushisa okuvele kamuva yaxazulula le nkinga kangcono. Isifunda esifushane esinqunyiwe sokubanjwa sitholwe ngokusetha ukushisa kokunqamula kwedivayisi. Lapho nje umshini wokufudumeza isiboshwa unqanyulwe ngokuzenzakalela, kwanikezwa ama-alamu alula, kagesi nawomsindo we-acoustic.
Amandla kagesi asalayo
Izinga Lomnyango Wezimboni Zolwazi “Imithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokuvikelwa Kombani Wendlela Yamandla Obuchwepheshe Bokuxhumana” (YD5078-98) yenze izidingo ezithile kumthamo osalayo wababamba umbani kuwo wonke amazinga. Kufanele kuthiwe izidingo ezijwayelekile zitholakala kalula. Amandla okusala we-MOV arrester yi-voltage yayo yokusebenza izikhathi ezingama-2.5-3.5. Umehluko wamandla we-residual we-direct-parallel single-stage arrester awumkhulu. Isilinganiso sokunciphisa amandla kagesi asalayo ukwehlisa amandla okusebenza nokukhuphula umthamo wamanje wombambi, kepha amandla okusebenza aphansi kakhulu, nomonakalo wesiboshwa odalwe wukuphakelwa kwamandla okungazinzi uzokhula. Eminye imikhiqizo yangaphandle ingene emakethe yaseChina zisencane, amandla okusebenza ebephansi kakhulu, futhi kamuva andise kakhulu amandla okusebenza.
Amandla we-voltage asele angancishiswa ngesiboshwa esinezinyathelo ezimbili.
Lapho igagasi lombani lingena, isiboshwa esingu-1 siyadedela, futhi amandla okusala enziwa ngu-V1; okugeleza kwamanje ngesiboshwa 1 yi-I1;
Amandla okusala we-arrester 2 yi-V2, futhi ukugeleza kwamanje yi-I2. Lokhu yi: V2 = V1-I2Z
Kusobala ukuthi i-voltage esele ye-arrester 2 ingaphansi kune-voltage esele ye-arrester 1.
Kukhona abakhiqizi abahlinzeka ngombani wamazinga wombani wesigaba esisodwa sokuvikelwa kombani wesigaba esisodwa, ngoba amandla okuphakelwa kwamandla esigaba esisodwa ngokuvamile angaphansi kwe-5KW, ulayini wamanje awumkhulu, futhi i-impedance inductance kulula ukuyihambisa. Kukhona nabakhiqizi abahlinzeka ngokuboshwa kwezigaba ezimbili. Ngoba amandla okuphakelwa kwamandla ezigaba ezintathu angaba makhulu, obambayo ubaningi futhi uyabiza.
Ezingeni, kuyadingeka ukufaka isibani sombani ngezigaba eziningi kulayini wamandla. Eqinisweni, umphumela wokunciphisa amandla we-voltage asele ungafinyelelwa, kepha ukuzilawula kwentambo kuyasetshenziswa ukwenza ukubekwa kwe-impedance kwehlukanise phakathi kwababoshiwe kuwo wonke amazinga.
Amandla okusala omboshayo yinkomba yezobuchwepheshe kuphela yalowo oboshiwe. I-overvoltage esetshenziswa entweni yokusebenza nayo isuselwa kumandla asalayo. Amandla kagesi angeziwe akhiqizwe ngabaqhubi ababili besibani sombani esixhunywe kulayini wamandla nocingo lomhlabathi luyangezwa. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa okulungile kuyenziwa. Ukuboshwa kombani nakho kuyindlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ukuqhuma kwemishini.
Okunye / imishini yokuvikela umbani
Isiboshwa singahlinzeka nangezinto zokubala zombani, izindlela zokuqapha kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufaka ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi.
Umugqa wezokuxhumana obopha
Izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokubanjwa kombani kolayini bezokuxhumana ziphakeme, ngoba ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokuvikela umbani, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkomba zokudlulisa zihlangabezana nezidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okokusebenza okuxhunywe kulayini wezokuxhumana kunamandla aphansi okumelana namandla, futhi namandla asalayo edivayisi yokuvikela umbani aqinile. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukukhetha idivayisi yokuvikela umbani. Idivayisi efanelekile yokuvikela ulayini wokuxhumana kufanele ibe namandla amancane, amandla okusala aphansi, ukugeleza okukhulu kwamanje nokuphendula okusheshayo. Ngokusobala, amadivayisi asetafuleni awalungile. Ishubhu lokukhipha lingasetshenziselwa cishe wonke amaza okuxhumana, kepha amandla alo okuvikela umbani abuthakathaka. Ama-MOV capacitors makhulu futhi alungele kuphela ukudluliswa komsindo. Amandla we-TVS okumelana nombani wamanje awanamandla. Imiphumela yokuvikela. Amadivayisi ahlukile wokuvikela umbani anezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-voltage residual voltage wave ngaphansi komthelela wamagagasi amanje. Ngokuya ngezimpawu ze-waveform wave waveform, i-arrester ingahlukaniswa ibe uhlobo lweshintshi nohlobo lomkhawulo wamandla kagesi, noma lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingahlanganiswa zenze amandla futhi zigweme okufushane.
Isixazululo ukusebenzisa amadivayisi amabili ahlukene ukwakha isiboshwa esinezigaba ezimbili. Umdwebo wesikimu uyafana nokuboshwa kwezigaba ezimbili kwamandla kagesi. Isigaba sokuqala kuphela esisebenzisa ithubhu lokukhipha, isitha esiphakathi sokuhlukanisa sisebenzisa i-Resistor noma i-PTC, kanti isigaba sesibili sisebenzisa i-TVS, ukuze ubude bedivayisi ngayinye bungasebenza. Isiboshwa esinjalo sombani singafika kumashumi ambalwa we-MHZ.
Ama-arresters aphakeme kakhulu asebenzisa ikakhulukazi amashubhu wokukhipha, njengama-feeder eselula kanye ne-paging antenna feeders, ngaphandle kwalokho kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudlulisa. Kukhona nemikhiqizo esebenzisa umgomo wesihlungi esiphakeme. Njengoba i-spectrum yamandla egagasi lombani igxile phakathi kwama-kilohertz amaningana namakhulu amaningana ama-kilohertz, imvamisa ye-antenna iphansi kakhulu, futhi isihlungi kulula ukusenza.
Isifunda esilula kakhulu ukuxhuma i-inductor encane eyindilinga ngokufana nocingo oluyisisekelo esinamandla kakhulu ukwakha isihlungi sokubamba esihamba phambili. Ku-antenna yokuxhumana yemvamisa yamaphoyinti, ulayini wesekethe-wavelength wesine futhi ungasetshenziswa ukwakha isihlungi se-band-pass, nomphumela wokuvikela umbani ungcono, kepha zombili izindlela zizofiphaza i-DC edluliselwe kulayini we-antenna feeder , futhi ibanga lesicelo linqunyelwe.
Idivayisi eyisisekelo
Ukwenza isisekelo kuyisisekelo sokuvikelwa kombani. Indlela yokubeka phansi echazwe yindinganiso ukusebenzisa izigxobo zomhlaba eziqondile noma eziqondile ezinamaphrofayili wensimbi. Ezindaweni ezinokubola okuqinile, i-galvanization nendawo enqamulelayo yamaphrofayili wensimbi angasetshenziswa ukumelana nokugqwala. Izinto ezingezona ezensimbi nazo zingasetshenziswa. Umqhubi usebenza njengesigxobo somhlabathi, njenge-graphite ground electrode kanye nePortland samente ground electrode. Indlela enengqondo kakhudlwana ukusebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuyisisekelo kokwakhiwa kwesimanje njengepali lomhlabathi. Ngenxa yemikhawulo yokuvikelwa kombani esikhathini esedlule, kugcizelelwa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ukumelana komhlaba. Abanye abakhiqizi bethule imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokubeka phansi, bethi yehlisa ukumelana komhlaba. Njengokunciphisa ukumelana, i-polymer ground electrode, i-electrode yomhlabathi engeyona yensimbi nokunye.
Eqinisweni, ngokuvikelwa kombani, ukuqonda kokumelana nokugxila kushintshile, izidingo zokuhlelwa kwegridi yokubeka phansi ziphezulu, nezidingo zokumelana zikhululekile. Ku-GB50057-94, kugcizelelwa kuphela amafomu wenethiwekhi yezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Akunasidingo sokumelana, ngoba kumqondo wokuvikelwa kombani wesimiso se-equipotential, inethiwekhi yomhlaba iyindawo kuphela yokubhekisa engaba khona, hhayi iphuzu elingaba khona ngokuphelele. Ukuma kwegridi yomhlaba kuyadingeka ngezidingo ze-equipotential, futhi inani lokumelana alinangqondo. Vele, akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuthola ukumelana nesisekelo esiphansi lapho izimo zivuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezwa kwamandla nokuxhumana kunezidingo zokumelana nokuqina, okungaphezu kobuchwepheshe bokuvikela umbani.
Ukuphikiswa kokumiswa komhlaba kuhlobene kakhulu nokumelana nenhlabathi kanye nokumelana kokuxhumana phakathi komhlaba nenhlabathi. Kuhlobene futhi nokuma nenombolo yomhlaba lapho kwakhiwa umhlabathi. Isinciphisi sokumelana nama-electrode ahlukahlukene wokumisa akulutho lokuthuthukisa ukumelana kokuxhumana noma ukuxhumana phakathi komhlaba nenhlabathi. indawo. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nenhlabathi kudlala indima enkulu, kanti okunye kulula ukukushintsha. Uma ukumelana nenhlabathi kuphakeme kakhulu, kuphela indlela yobunjiniyela yokuguqula inhlabathi noma yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi engasebenza, futhi ezinye izindlela zinzima ukusebenza.
Ukuvikelwa kombani yisihloko esidala, kepha kusathuthuka. Kufanele kuthiwe awukho umkhiqizo ongazama ngawo. Kunezinto eziningi okusamele zihlolwe kubuchwepheshe bokuvikela umbani. Njengamanje, indlela yokwenza umbani ayisacaci. Ucwaningo oluningi lokungeniswa kombani nalo lubuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani nayo iyathuthuka. Eminye imikhiqizo emisha efunwa yimikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani, idinga ukuhlolwa ngokusebenza ngesimo sesayensi futhi ithuthukiswe ngombono. Njengoba umbani uqobo ungumcimbi omncane wamathuba, kudinga ukuhlaziywa okuningi kwezibalo isikhathi eside ukuthola imiphumela ezuzisayo, edinga ukubambisana kwazo zonke izinhlaka ukuze kuzuzwe.
