Ama-Multi-pulses aqhuma idivayisi yokuvikela i-MSPD

2 PfG 2634 - Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kwamadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Multi-pulses Surge axhunywe kumasistimu amandla kagesi anamandla aphansi - Izidingo nezindlela zokuhlola

Scope

Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungeziwe kwe- IEC 61643-11: 2011. Lokhu kuhlolwa okungeziwe kungasebenza kumadivayisi wokuvikelwa kokuqhamuka emiphumeleni engaqondile neqondile yombani noma okunye ukuqhuma kwesikhashana. Lawa madivayisi ahlanganiswe ukuxhumeka kumasekethe kagesi angama-50/60 Hz ac, kanye nemishini ekalwe kufika kuma-rm angu-1 000 V

Izici zokusebenza, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola nezilinganiso ziyasungulwa. Lawa madivayisi aqukethe okungenani ingxenye eyodwa engahambisani nomugqa futhi enzelwe ukukhawulela ukuqhuma kwamagagasi nokuguqula imisinga yokuqhuma.

Izinkomba ezijwayelekile

I-IEC 61643-11: 2011, Idivayisi evikelayo yamandla kagesi aphansi - Ingxenye 11: ukukhuphuka kwamadivayisi wokuvikela axhunywe kuzinhlelo zamandla kagesi ezinamandla aphansi kanye nendlela yokuhlola

Imigomo, izincazelo, nezifinyezo

3.1.101 (MSPD) Izinsimbi eziningi zivikela idivayisi yokuvikela

I-SPD ekwazi ukwenziwa imivimbo eminingi yokushaywa ngamandla kokukhishwa okukodwa futhi ihlolwe ngamagagasi amaningi okuhlanganiswa kwenhliziyo

Qaphela: uma umkhiqizi ememezela ukuthi i-SPD ingamelana neziteki eziningi zokushaywa umoya, i-MSPD idinga ukudlulisa imfuneko yokuhlolwa kwe-wave (MCW) yama-Multi-pulses wave wave.

3.1.102 (MCW) Inhlanganisela yamagagasi amaningi ahlangene

Impulse waveform yamanje ihlanganiswe ngamapulse amaningi ngokusho kwesilinganiso esithile nesikhathi

Imfuneko yokuhlolwa engu-8.3.101 ye- (MCW) Inhlanganisela yama-Multi-pulses wave wave

Ukuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa i-MSPD eyeyokuxhuma kuphela i-L-PE / N kuhlelo lwe-TN, TT kanye ne-IT.

Kulolu vivinyo, kuzosetshenziswa amasampuli amathathu amasha futhi izidingo ezifanelekile zalesi sivivinyo zibhekiswe ku-IEC 61643-11: 2011 Isigaba 8

Ipharamitha yokuhlola engu-8.3.101.1 ye- (MCW) Inhlanganisela yamagagasi amaningi ahlangene

Qaphela: leli thebula elingenhla kuphela elepharamitha ephezulu ye-MCW kuze kufike lapho kubhekiselwa khona, umenzi angamemezela ipharamitha yakhe ecacisiwe ye-MCW ye-MSPD ngendlela njengoba isigatshana esingu-8.3.101.3 sikhombisa. Isikhathi sesikhawu kufanele sihambisane nethebula elingenhla likhombisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphumula esivela kwesokuqala kuya kwesesibili sokugcina singama-60 ms, kanti isikhathi semikhawulo phakathi kwezifiso ezimbili zokugcina ngu-400 ms.

8.3.101.2 Ifomu elijwayelekile le-wave ye-multi-pulses generator yamanje

8.3.101.3 Ukukhonjwa kwamapharamitha wokuhlanganiswa kwamagagasi amaningi

isb. MS-8 / 20μs-10p / 20kA
I-MS - Ama-pulse amaningi
8 / 20μs - umfutho wamanje
10p - 10 pulses
20kA - Amanani aphezulu ukusuka kwesibili kuya kwelesi-9

8.3.101.4 umdwebo wesifunda wokuhlola

Kuphela i-U_ref= 255 V, amandla wamanje wesekethe afushane alo mthombo wamandla angaphezu kuka-100 A ayadingeka esivivinyweni. Olunye uhlelo lwamandla okusabalalisa luyacatshangelwa. Uma abakhiqizi bethi kungokunqanyulwa kwangaphandle, izinqamuleli zangaphandle kufanele zifake isicelo sokuxhuma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kepha ukuxhumeka kwangaphandle akufanele kwenzeke.

8.3.101.5 Indlela Yokuphasa

I-TUV Rheinland ikhiphe izindlela ezintsha 2 PfG 2634.08.17 - Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kwamadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Multi-pulses Surge axhunywe kumasistimu kagesi anamandla aphansi - Izidingo nezindlela zokuhlola

Izinga ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamazwe omhlaba jikelele kukhulisa ukuhlolwa kwama-multiple-pulses, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola busondele ohlangothini lokusatshalaliswa komugqa kwe-SPD yokwanda kokulingiswa kwemvelo, okuthintwe umbani wemvelo izici ezibonakalayo zokuqonda ukuduma kwezulu nombani, umbani ukuzivikela kunikeza ipulatifomu entsha yocwaningo oluphakeme, kunenzuzo ekuthuthukisweni okuhlosiwe ukuzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani, ukuhlinzeka ngokulungiswa kokusebenza kwamakhulu ezigidi ze-SPD ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe online kuphela, futhi kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SPD R & D nokwenziwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

Ingqungquthela imeme ochwepheshe abaningi emkhakheni we-SPD, ndawonye ekuphathweni kwamabhizinisi ahlobene ne-SPD, ubuchwepheshe, ikhwalithi, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi ukuze banciphise amazinga amasha we-SPD, ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokucwaninga nentuthuko, elenzelwe ukuhlangabezana izidingo zemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, zisiza umenzi ngamunye omkhulu ukungena emakethe yomhlaba wonke, ukukhuthaza isithombe sebhizinisi

Izinga lokuhlola le-SPD kusuka ku-single-pulse kuya ku-multi-pulse

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme ye-elekthronikhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni, ezokuthutha, amandla kagesi, ukuxhumana, embonini yamakhemikhali nakweminye imikhakha, nangamandla aphansi okusabalalisa amandla kagesi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zikagesi zabahlakaniphile kancane kancane, inani elikhulu lenani eliphansi lokucindezela, ukuzwela okuphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwezinto ze-elektroniki kuhlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma kombani noma ukusebenza kwamandla okuvota, kuvame ukuletha ingozi ebulalayo ezintweni zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kombani nokusebenza kokulimala kwamandla kagesi ezintweni zikagesi nakwe-elekthronikhi futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo lwemishini, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-SPD isetshenziswe kabanzi.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimpawu zomuntu zokuduma futhi ayinakho ukuqonda okwanele okucacile futhi okucacile, umbani ubangela izinhlobo eziningi zemibono isuselwa kokunye okudingekayo kanye ne-hypothesis, nokusetshenziswa okubanzi komvikeli wokuqhuma, imikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani, ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngokuqonda kombani owodwa wokushaya ngamandla. Ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwe-SPD esikhathini esidlule nakho kuhambisana nekhomishini yamazwe omhlaba ye-electrotechnical IEC 61643 yocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwamazinga ezobuchwepheshe, nangombani ama-laboratories aphezulu asebenzisa i-10 / 350μs noma i-8 / 20μs test ye-single pulse shock wave .

Empeleni, eminyakeni yamuva nje imiphumela yokuqapha ukuduma kwezulu nombani nokuduma kwezulu nomkhuba wokuvikela umbani ikhombisa ukuthi umbani onendlela eyodwa yokushaya ngamandla we-high voltage laboratory test izindlela ze-SPD, namaqiniso okushaywa kombani wangempela ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi, ngokuhlola okukodwa kwe-SPD ekubekezeleleni kwangempela lapho kushaywa umbani, kanye nenani laso elincane, nakho kuvame ukuholela ekushiseni okukhulu kwe-SPD kuqhume amalangabi, kudale ingozi yomlilo. Ngakho-ke, ingamelana nokushaqeka kwe-SPD kube yizidingo eziphuthumayo emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kombani ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi kunikeza abakhiqizi ngamathuba amahle okuthuthuka.

Kepha ngenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi be-SPD babuyekeza ukungaqondi kwamazinga afanele, kunemikhawulo ethile ngokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, kubangela ukuthi amabhizinisi wokukhiqiza we-SPD kube nzima ukufeza impumelelo ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo nasekukhiqizeni, elwela ukuhlola imakethe yamazwe omhlaba.

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nomthelela we-pulse amaningi kumkhiqizo we-SPD, i-TUV Rheinland igunya elihlangene lasekhaya lama-ejensi wokuhlola we-SPD - "iBeijing Leishan Testing Center", ehlanganiswa nezimpawu zamabhizinisi asekhaya, ne-SPD yokuhlolwa kwamapulse amaningi kanye nesitifiketi amazinga nezixazululo, zamabhizinisi ahlobene nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisheshayo neziphelele, zisiza amabhizinisi e-SPD emakethe yamazwe omhlaba.

Isitifiketi se-SPD TUV Rheinland saziwa kabanzi emhlabeni, ochwepheshe abanolwazi lokunikeza ukuphepha nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi basize amakhasimende ukuthi athole ulwazi lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe kanye namandla emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TUV Rheinland ingumnikazi wawo wonke amakhasimende, ingasiza abakhiqizi be-SPD ukuthi bandise iziteshi zamakhasimende.

Ingemuva le-Multiple-pulses surge protector (MSPD) kanye nesimo samanje sezinga lokuhlola

NgoNovemba 2017, i-Germany TUV Rheinland Group yakhipha i- “connect to low-voltage power system of multiple pulse surge device device protection test eyengeziwe - izidingo zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhlola (IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634), ne-“ Beijing Leishan Testing Isikhungo ”TUV Rheinland SPD ukuvulwa komkhiqizo wokubambisana.

I-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 ejwayelekile isuselwa ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile kwamazwe omhlaba kukhulisa ukuhlolwa kwe-pulse amaningi, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola busondele kakhulu ohlangothini lokusabalalisa ulayini lendawo yokwanda kwe-SPD ethonywe umbani wemvelo, ukuhlangabezana nokuduma, umbani ukuzivikela kunikeza umkhombandlela wokucwaninga osezingeni eliphakeme, kunenzuzo entuthukweni ehlosiwe ukuzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani, ukuhlinzeka ngokulungiswa kokusebenza kwamakhulu ezigidi ze-SPD ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe online kuphela, ukukhuthaza i-SPD yomhlaba Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-R & D nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

Isikhathi 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 ejwayelekile sikhiphe usuku lokugubha usuku lwesibili, umqondisi weSun Yong we "Beijing Leishan Testing Center" no-The engineer Yang Yongming wase-Germany i-Rhine TUV, babuyekeze ngokuhlanganyela inqubo yokubhala ejwayelekile ye-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17, base bethula inqubo isimo sokuthuthuka samanje.

I-Sun Yong: inqubo ejwayelekile yokubhala okuningana

Ngo-2016 Inkampani yaseBeijing Leishan isungule umbani ama-high voltage laboratory laboratory. Umvikeli wokwanda ngokushaya kwenqwaba yomvikeli welungelo lobunikazi waseChina (MSPD) kanye nomqambi wamapulani wokuhlola okuningana (okusalungiswa), isazi esidumile sokuvikela umbani u-Yang Shaojie, "Isikhungo Sokuhlola iBeijing Leishan" siphumelele umvikeli wokwanda MSPD bhala ishayela kaningi isilinganiso sokuhlola (okusalungiswa) se-copyright. Kuze kube manje, ithimba lezobuchwepheshe laseBeijing elihlela iqembu le-MSPD ne-pulse eyodwa yesivikeli samanje sokuvikela (SPD) sokuqhubeka nokufunda. Ngemuva kwezinkulungwane zezikhathi zokuhlolwa kwengxenye, kufaka phakathi i-T1, T2 ne-T3 MSPD ne-SPD futhi isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwemininingwane ehlukahlukene ye-MOV surge protector, GDT, open, micro fracture and SCB components, such as transmission cables, air terminals etc, kunqwabele inani elikhulu ledatha yokuhlola, ukubhala izinga lokuhlola lokushaya kwenhliziyo amaningi le-MSPD kunikezela ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuxhasa.

Izinga lokubhala le-Surge protector MSPD multiple pulse test, kubhekiswa engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba ye-power grid (CIGRE) eyashicilelwa ngo-2013, i-technical report engineering application of lightning parameters (inguqulo yesiNgisi), lesi sihloko senzelwe umhlangano omkhulu wegridi yamazwe omhlaba oshicilelwe kabanzi kuneminyaka engama-30 eyedlule, imingcele yombani (Berger, k. Anderson RB noKroninger h. 1975. I-Electra No. 41, amakhasi 23-37) eyashicilelwa ngo-1980 kanye nokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela kwemingcele yombani (Anderson RB no-Eriksson AJ 1980. Electra No. 69, amakhasi 65-102.) Ukubuyekeza. Leli phepha likubeke ngokusobala kulesi sifinyezo: “ngaphezu kuka-80% we-flash awunalo iqiniso lokuthi uqukethe ama-back amabili noma ngaphezulu kwamabili. Leli phesenti liphakeme kakhulu kune-Andersonand Eriksson yangaphambilini (1980), elisuselwa kumarekhodi esilinganiso esingalungile sama-55%. Isikhathi ngasinye sempendulo ye-flash ka-3-5, cishe ama-60 ms isikhawu sejiyometri. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuye kwesigamu se-flash, kumakhilomitha ambalwa ahlukaniswe izindawo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwezimbili. Kepha isibani ngasinye kuphela irekhodi lesikhundla, isibani sokulungiswa kombani esilinganiselwe inani elicishe libe ngu-1.5 kuye ku-1.7, liphakeme kakhulu kune-Anderson no-Eriksson 1.1 (1980) abake balinganisela phambilini. Impendulo ngokokuqala ngqá isilinganiso samanje esiphakeme ngokuvamile sikhulu kunangesikhathi esizayo ngemuva kokuphakama kwamanje okuphindwe kabili izikhathi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Kodwa-ke, cishe ingxenye yesithathu ye-flash iqukethe okungenani eyodwa ngemuva kokuba nensimu enkulu kagesi ephakeme ngemuva kokubuya. Ngokwethiyori, ukuphakama kwayo kwamanje kufanele futhi kube kukhulu kunangesikhathi sokuqala. Inkulu kune-hit yokuqala emuva emuva kokubuyela ezintanjeni zikagesi futhi olunye uhlelo luyisongo esingeziwe “.

Ngomhla ka-Agasti 12, 2008, isisekelo sokuhlolwa kwenkambu ye-polarity field yokuphazima kombani wokuduma kombani we-Guangzhou has izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili, ithimba le-Chinese Academy of Sciences emkhathini iQie xiushu ithimba lifingqa ukuhlolwa kombani okwenziwe ngabathile esifundazweni saseShandong kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2010 sekukonke, Ukukhishwa kombani okungama-22, ama-95% wokushaya ngamandla, izikhathi eziyi-17 zokukhipha isikhathi esingaphezu kwama-400 ms (millisecond), inombolo enkulu yokushaya kwenhliziyo engu-11. Ukusetshenziswa konjiniyela kwamapharamitha kagesi esimeni sokukhishwa kombani kudonsa incazelo eningi, kuqhubeka kufakazela ukuthi inhlanganisela yokushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi Izici zikhona jikelele: okungukuthi inhlanganisela yokushaywa kwamagagasi amaningi inezilinganiso ezimbili eziphezulu, isikhawu sokushaya kwenhliziyo singama-60 ms, ekugcineni ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunesikhawu sokushaya ngaphambi kuka-400 ms. Ngokumangazayo, i-SPD edumile, esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukukhishwa kwamanje okungama-20 kA, kulinganiswa ngokuqhuma komlilo kwamanje okungu-1.64 kA (8 pulses) .Lokhu kuhlola, akubonanga nje ukushaywa kwemibono okukhipha umbani kaningi, kepha futhi kukhombisa ukuthi ucwaningo lungaba isetshenziswe kaningi kushayela umbani wokukhipha ukukhishwa kwesimo sokubaluleka kwe-MSPD nokuphuthuma.

Inhlanganisela yamazwe omhlaba kanye neyasekhaya yokuqhamuka kombani wokuqapha kanye nedatha yokuhlola, ikomidi lokuhlela lamukele ama-8 / 20μs (kufaka phakathi i-10 S pulse njenge-wave pulse MSPD yomthelela wamaza wamanje.

Ngokuya ngemingcele ebonakalayo yombani oshaywayo oshaywayo ngaphezulu, ukushaywa kwamagagasi amaningi, i-pulse yokuqala neyokugcina ye-pulse amplitude yenani elilinganiselwe, ukuphakama kwe-pulse amplitude okungu-1/2 inani lokuphakama; Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokuqala ukushaya isikhawu phakathi kwe-9 kuye ku-60 ms, ngaphambi kokuthi ekugcineni kushaye isikhathi sokushaya kungu-400 ms.

Uma kufanele kucace, ukucaciswa okuthile, ukushaywa okukodwa ngaphandle kwensiza yokuvikela (SPD) nakho kungaba ngemiphumela emihlanu yokuhlangana kwegagasi elihlanganisiwe. Ngokuya ngezinga lokuhlola likazwelonke, ngemuva kwensiza yokuvikela eyisipele kanye ne-SPD series multiple pulse shock wave, noma akudingeki ukuthi ithathe isikhundla sezinto zethusi ezingekho emgqeni zesivivinyo sokubekezelelana okufushane, isisekelo asikwazi ukudlulisa isivivinyo. Iqiniso elenze ebhodini lokudweba ukubhala ukushaya kwe-MSPD okuningi ukuphuthuma kwezinga lokuhlola, ngoba kuphela umsebenzi obhaliwe ngokushesha okukhulu, nge-umhlahlandlela ojwayelekile, wokucwaninga ngobuchwepheshe bezokuvikela umbani kanye nabasebenzi bezentuthuko namabhizinisi okukhiqiza adonsa ukuqondiswa kwe-MSPD, ingakhuphula ngempumelelo ukuvikelwa kombani kokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kokuvikelwa kombani nokunciphisa izinhlekelele.

I-Yang Yongming: indinganiso ye-multiple-pulses MSPD yokuhlola eyenziwe eminyakeni emibili edlule

I-2 PFG 2634 "xhuma ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi wedivayisi yokuvikela ukushayela okuningana kokuvivinya okwengeziwe - izidingo zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhlola" ezenziwa ngemuva kwenhlangano efanelekile yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe yokuphendula okwenziwe ngokushesha.

Inhlangano ngo-2018, "umphakathi ukhiphe ukuhlelwa kwesaziso okujwayelekile (okokuqala) konyaka wango-2018" (igama lomphakathi [2018] no. 50), evunywe yiNanjing Kuanyong Electronics Co, Ltd., kubhalwa umgwaqo omkhulu wendlela yokuvikelwa kombani. kanye nobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile “.

Ku-2018, phila ukwakha iphrojekthi, noma ikomidi elizobhala “umtshina wesivikeli sohlelo lokusabalalisa amandla aphansi - izidingo zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhlola.

ILPS ebibanjelwe eShenzhen ngonyaka ka-2018, ingqungquthela yesine yamazwe omhlaba mayelana nokuvikelwa kombani, usihlalo we-International Electrotechnical Commission IEC SC4A u-Alain Rousseau ubalule leli zinga, nasenhliziyweni yezinkulumo PPT i-IEC37-61643.11 / 2011 PFG 2 " xhuma ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi we-pulse surge device yokuvikela eyengeziwe yokuhlola - izidingo zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhlola zokusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela, okokuqala ngamaShayina ukubhala indawo yakho kumele kuvunyelwe amazinga e-IEC omhlaba jikelele.

Ku-2019, inhlangano yezinsizakalo zezulu yaseChina ivume iphrojekthi yesikhungo sokutholwa kombani eBeijing ukubhala isivivinyo sombani wokuqondisa imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile, kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lobuchwepheshe be-pulse amaningi, indinganiso ebekiwe esikhaleni se-pulse, izidingo ze-waveform, konke lokhu kusekelwe eminyakeni engama-30 yocwaningo lwamapharamitha wobunjiniyela bemvelo bamazwe omhlaba, izibalo zokungeniswa okujwayelekile kwe-statistical form standardization of laboratory.

NgoJulayi 2019, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) yakhipha i-IEC61400-24-2019 "ukuvikelwa kombani kogesi wamandla omoya" okokuqala ngo-8.5.5.12: ukumelana nombani we-SPD oshaya ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yombani we-turbine yomoya ngaphansi kwemvamisa ephezulu, ne-SPD ku-turbine yomoya ibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nombani we-SPD amaningi (inothi: imivimbo eminingi; i-Multiple Pulse; i-Multiple flashes. I-Multi - pulse ingahunyushelwa ku ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi).

I-Solstice ngomhla ka-30 Okthoba 2019 ngo-Okthoba 31, yisikhungo sokuhlolwa sombani wokuvikela umbani eBeijing, ukuvikelwa kombani kwekomidi lezemfundo lomphakathi wase-China wezakhiwo zokwakha kwahola indinganiso yeqembu lomhleli “ukushaywa kohlelo lokusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphansi umvikeli - izidingo zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhlola lomhlangano weqembu elisebenzayo uzobanjelwa eBeijing. Ngokusho komphakathi wezakhiwo waseChina owakha umphakathi waseChina ngo-2019 ukuhlela okujwayelekile “, okudingwa yiyunithi emsebenzini wokuhlanganisa ophothulwe ngasekupheleni kukaJuni 2020 ojwayelekile.

I-Sun Yong: mayelana nemingcele yama-waveform amaningi we-wave of wave wave

Ngaphandle kwamazinga wokuhlola we-SPD aphesheya nakwasekhaya, ifomu eliwusizo le-10 / 350μs lokuhlukaniswa kokuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-SPD kwe-T1, ukuzivumelanisa nokushaqeka kwamanje kwe-10 / 350μs kwe-SPD ngokuvamile kudinga ukusebenzisa idivaysi yohlobo lokushintsha, uhlobo lokunqamula ukugeleza switch switch kuyinkinga enzima, futhi ukucindezela ukukhawulela idivayisi ngesikhathi sokuphendula kungenye inkinga. Ngaphakathi, amapharamitha we-wave wave / ama-10 / 350μs asetshenziselwe ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-SPD impikiswano kube nempikiswano. Inombolo enkulu yemininingwane ebonisiwe ikhombisa ukuthi ifomathi yokuphamba kagesi engu-10 / 350μs nefomu lokukhipha umbani lemvelo ngamapharamitha amaningi we-wave pulse waveform, ama-8 / 20μs kunamapharamitha we-waveform parameter s angu-10 / 350μs aseduze nemingcele yemibani yokukhipha i-waveform waveform, kanye nokulingiswa kwemvelo umbani ishayela waveform nemingcele ngangokunokwenzeka ukufuna laboratory. Leli yibhodi lokudweba elinamapharamitha we-wave we-8 / 20μs njenge-MSPD yomthelela wamaza wamanje, esinye sezizathu.

Ngokuya ngezinga lokuhlola le-SPD lamazwe omhlaba kanye nelasekhaya, linganisa ukuthi ngabe i-SPD ingahlukaniswa yini njengepharamitha ye-T1 akuyona inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphazamiseka kwamapharamitha wamanje we-wave, kepha umthelela wokukhipha i-Iimp yamanje. Amandla athile we-Q no-W / R. I-GB50057-2010 ejwayelekile kazwelonke ngekhodi yokwakhiwa kokuvikelwa kombani T1 yi-12.5 KA yenani le-Q lika-6.25 AS; Inani le-W / R lika-39 kj / Ω.

Kuze kube manje, sisebenzisa i-waveform engu-8 / 20μs ye-10 mu s pulse wave, uhlobo lokukhawulela kwengcindezi lokuhlola okuningi kwe-MSPD. 60 ka surge current yenani le-Q le-6.31 AS; I-W / R ingama-52.90 kj / Ω. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi uhlobo lwe-pulse MSPD oluningi lusebenzisa idivaysi ekhawulela ingcindezi ngokuphelele ekuhlolweni kwe-T1, okuxazululwe kahle kusetshenziswa amadivayisi wokushintsha uhlobo kuyizinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu. Leli yibhodi lokudweba elinamapharamitha we-wave wave we-8 / 20μs njenge-MSPD impulse wave wave, esinye isizathu.

I-Yang Yongming: Ubuchwepheshe obuningi be-China be-MSPD buvuse ukukhathazeka kwabancintisana nabo bamanye amazwe

I-China multiple pulse MSPD core technology yenkampani i-Guangdong shield ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yocwaningo kanye nenani elikhulu lezilingo, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-2014 ye-T1, T2 ne-T3 pulse MSPD ithole ilungelo lobunikazi. Kumazwe omhlaba, kukhona i-United States, Germany, Singapore, Bangladesh, France kanye namanye amazwe ochwepheshe bokuvikela umbani ukuba babuyekeze futhi baxoxe., Usihlalo we-IEC 2014 SC37A u-Alain Rousseau uholele mathupha ochwepheshe ababili baseJalimane ukuthi bavikele, okuyisisekelo sokusebenza kwe i-single pulse SPD ne-pulse MSPD yokuhlola okwahlukile, ngo-Okthoba 13, 2014, iseshini yama-32 yengqungquthela ye-ICLP eShanghai, usihlalo wase-Alain wenze isihloko esithi “ukukhulisa ukuhlolwa kwe-pulse” kwenkulumo ye-SPD.

I-Sun Yong: Imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-MSPD kusidingo semakethe

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuningi, kukhiqizwa iqoqo le-MSPD lezinto ezikhethekile zokuhlinzekwa kwezinto. Ukuqala ngo-2019, kusetshenziswa isihlangu se-Guangdong multi-pulses MSPD patent technology yemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-MSPD kudlule isikhungo sombani saseBeijing IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634 “xhuma ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi lwe-pulse surge surge device device test test - izidingo zokusebenza nezindlela zokuhlola ukuthola, zingena emakethe.

Akungabazeki ukuthi ezingeni le-multiple pulse MSPD test, ngaphansi komhlahlandlela we-MSPD e-China lizothatha indawo ye-SPD yendabuko kancane kancane, linikeze insizakalo esezingeni eliphakeme yezobuchwepheshe ukuvikela umbani nokunciphisa izinhlekelele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokwakhiwa komnotho waseChina nabantu impilo nempahla kudlala indima enhle. Kungabikezelwa ukuthi ezweni lethu, ukuphathwa kokumiswa emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kombani, ochwepheshe bokuvikela umbani nabaphenyi, kanye nokuhlola, ukuhlola kanye nobunjiniyela bemizamo yabasebenzi yokuhlangana, kungekudala, amadivayisi wokuvikela amaChina (SPDs) imbangela izofinyelela ezingeni elisha, futhi iye phesheya, insizakalo yomhlaba.

Amadivayisi wokuvikela (SPDs), isidingo sokuhlolwa kwama-multiple-pulses ngesitifiketi se-TUV

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe babantu busekhona ukungabi nokucaca okwanele ukuvikelwa kombani nokuqonda okucacile, kukhulu emkhakheni wakho konke ongakucabanga, kuncane ebhokisini elincane, kunezidingo zokuvikelwa kombani, indlela yokuvikela umbani nayo inezinto eziningi, ezifana njengomhlahlandlela wenduku yombani, usebenzisa i-generator efanayo, futhi njengamanje isivikeli sokusetshenziswa esisetshenziswa kakhulu (i-SPD), uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlobonhlobo zemishini ye-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi zomculo, izintambo zokuxhumana zinikeza ukuvikeleka kwensiza ye-elekthronikhi. Ngenxa yombani obhubhisa kakhulu, amandla asheshayo angafinyelela emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zama-amps, avame ukuletha ingozi ebulalayo ezintweni zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo lwezinto zokusebenza, zonke izinhlobo zomvikeli wokuqhamuka (SPD) zisetshenziswe kabanzi. Izidingo zesitifiketi sokuvikelwa kwe-TUV ezihambisanayo nazo zinkulu kakhulu.

Umbani ubangela imibono ehlukahlukene, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuya ngezinto ezithile ezidingekayo kanye ne-hypothesis, ethinta ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokuvikela umbani, ngakho-ke manje okusetshenziswa kakhulu kumvikeli wokuqhamuka (SPD), njengemikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani kusekelwe ngokwazi umbani owodwa, i-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) izokwenyusa isivivinyo sokuhlola ukusebenza komvikeli (SPD) sichazwa njengegagasi le-8 / 20μs ne-10 / 350μs, njll.

Izinga lokuhlola le-SPD kusuka ku-single-pulse kuya ku-multi-pulse

Njengamanje, ilabhoratri yombane ephezulu yamandla kagesi ngokusho kwe-IEC 61643-2011 ye-SPD enesivivinyo esisodwa se-waveform, kanti umthelela we-waveform eyodwa awuhambisani nezimpawu zombani wemvelo (ukukhishwa kombani wemvelo okungu-90% akulungile Ngokushona kohlelo olujwayelekile lwemikhiqizo eqeqeshiwe e-inthanethi yaqhuma yaba yizinkinga zamalangabi, ngoba ugesi, ukuxhumana, ukuphepha kwaletha ukulahleka okukhulu, njll. Izinga le-IEC le-SPD lazixazulula kakhulu izicelo ezahlukahlukene ze izidingo ze-SPD design agency kanye nokumelana nomthelela owodwa, ukumelana kwesifunda okufushane, ikhono lokubekezelela i-TOV ngaphansi kwesimo sombani nokuphepha kombani. Ngabe indinganiso ye-IEC yenkambiso entsha ye-IEC yokuvuselelwa okulandelayo mayelana nokwethulwa ngonyaka we-2019, ukwakhiwa konke kuqhathaniswa nokwenzeka kwamanje okukhulu, kuzosuselwa emiqondweni nezimfuneko eziyisisekelo ze-IEC 61643-1, kuye ku-11 ngezindlela nezidingo zokuhlola amandla we-SPD, - 21 yezindlela nezidingo zokuhlola i-SPD, - 31 yezindlela nezidingo zokuhlola ze-SPD, - ezingama-41 zezindlela nezidingo zokuhlolwa kwe-DC SPD.

Ukukhishwa kwenkinga yomthelela ophindaphindiwe bekulokhu kuyinkinga ebalulekile emkhakheni wocwaningo lokuvikela umbani emhlabeni. Ngokususelwa kulokhu, iGerman Rheinland TUV yabhala ama-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 SPD amazinga amaningi obuchwepheshe be-pulse. Izinga ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamazwe omhlaba kukhulisa ukuhlolwa kwe-pulse amaningi, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola busondele kakhudlwana ekulingiseni kwezimpawu zemvelo zombani, ukuhlangabezana nokuduma, ukuduma kwezulu lokuvikela kunikeza ipulatifomu entsha yocwaningo oluphakeme, kunenzuzo ekuthuthukisweni okuhlosiwe ukuzivumelanisa nohlelo olwehlukile emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yokuvikela umbani, ukuhlinzeka online ukulungiswa kwamakhulu ezigidi ze-SPD ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuphela, kuzophinda kuphoqelele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SPD R & D nokwenziwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

Ngenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi be-SPD bavuselela ukungaqondi kwamazinga afanele, kunemikhawulo ethile mayelana nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, kubangela ukuthi amabhizinisi wokukhiqiza we-SPD kube nzima ukufeza impumelelo ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo nasekukhiqizeni, abahlupheka ekuhloleni imakethe yamazwe omhlaba.

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nomthelela we-pulse amaningi kumkhiqizo we-SPD, i-TUV Rheinland igunya elihlanganyelwe lasekhaya lezikhungo zokuhlola ze-SPD, elihlanganisa nezimpawu zamabhizinisi asekhaya kanye namabhizinisi ahlobene nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisheshayo neziphelele, ukusiza amabhizinisi e-SPD imakethe yamazwe omhlaba.

Isitifiketi se-SPD TUV Rheinland saziwa kabanzi emhlabeni, ochwepheshe abanolwazi lokunikeza ukuphepha nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi basize amakhasimende ukuthi athole ulwazi lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe kanye namandla emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TUV Rheinland ingumnikazi wawo wonke amakhasimende, ingasiza abakhiqizi be-SPD ukuthi bandise iziteshi zamakhasimende.

Umphumela kanye nocwaningo mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuvikeleka kwamadivayisi wokuvikela (SPDs) nge-10 pulse kanye nama-pulse amaningi

I-1.Device Under Test (DUT) ne-Waveform isethi

1.1 IDUT

1.2 Ifomu le-Waveform

I-10 formform ejwayelekile yokuhlola, i-pulse 8 / 20μs = izikhathi ezi-2 phakathi kwe-8 pulse amplitude, isikhawu sesikhathi ngokulandelayo: i-pulse yokuqala eyisishiyagalolunye - i-60 ms pulse interval, i-pulse yokugcina - 400 ms pulse interval. Ekusebenziseni imidumba engu-10 ngasikhathi sinye, amandla wokucubungula imvamisa ka-255V / 100A. I-waveform ejwayelekile ibhalelwe indinganiso yezimboni ze-QX eChina futhi ibhala izinga eli-2 le-PGF technology TUV Rheinland standard, njengomzila wokucwaninga wokudluliswa kwamafomu wokuhlolwa kwama-multiple-pulses ekusebenzeni komvikeli wokwanda.

2. Iqembu A - DUT

Iqembu A - imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamaphaphu amaningi kuma-amplitude ahlukile

Iqembu A - lezi sethi zomklamo womkhiqizo wokuvikelwa kwe-pulse eyodwa Ku = 60 kA, kepha ku-10 pulse, ngaphansi kwe-amplitude ka-30 no-60 kA, womabili umonakalo ngesikhathi sokushaya komthelela wesikhombisa, ekugcineni uvutha ku-255 V / 100. Lungisa i-test amplitude, etholakala ku-10 pulse amplitude ka-40 kuye ku-20 kA, akukho monakalo kwinqubo yomthelela, kepha ngemuva kokushaqeka konke ukukhishwa kwe-DUT kubangela; Ku-10 pulse amplitude ka-30 kuye ku-15 kA, usebenzisa i-2 DUT ukuhlola, yi-1 DUT kuphela ekhipha ukukhishwa, ungahle ubikezele ukuthi i-10 pulse amplitude ngumkhawulo wokubekezelela umklamo wokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka.

3.Group B - imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwama-pulses amaningi kuma-amplitude ahlukile

Iqembu B - lezi zindlela zokuklanywa komkhiqizo wokuvikela ukushaya okukodwa Ku = 60 kA, kepha ku-10 pulse, ngaphansi kwe-amplitude ka-30 no-60 kA, womabili umonakalo ngesikhathi sokushaya komthelela wesishiyagalolunye, ekugcineni uvutha ku-255 V / 100. Lungisa i-test amplitude, etholakala ku-10 pulse amplitude ka-50 kuye ku-25 kA, akukho monakalo kwinqubo yomthelela, kepha ngemuva kokushaqeka konke ukushisa kwe-Surface ye-DUT kuze kufike kuma-degree angama-90, kusho kuze kube sekugxekeni kokukhishwa kwe-trigger. Ku-10 pulse amplitude ka-40 kuye ku-20 kA, kusetshenziswa i-2 DUT ukuhlola, kusesimweni esihle, ngemuva kokupholisa isivivinyo sokuqala kwamandla bekujwayelekile ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ungaqagela ukuthi i-10 pulse amplitude ngumkhawulo wokubekezelela umklamo wokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka.

4.4 Fingqa ukuhlolwa

(1) Ngokwedizayini yesivikeli sokwenyuka okukodwa, i-In (8 / 20μs) amplitude yayo yehluleka ekuhlolweni kwe-10 amplitude pulse.

(2) Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, ngokusho komklamo womvikeli we-single-pulse amplitude Ku (8 / 20μs) 0.5 ukubala, kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa okukodwa kwe-10 amplitude pulse.

(3) Ukuqala kokuvikelwa kokusebenzisa i-chip voltage kuphakeme, ngaphansi komthamo wokugeleza ofanayo, ngesisekelo se-single-pulse inekhono eliphakeme lama-pulse we-10 wokubekezelelana

I-patent yokusungulwa - Ama-Multi-pulses aqhuma amadivayisi wokuvikela (SPD)

abstract
Ukuqanjwa kudalula uhlobo lomvikeli wokushaywa kwenhliziyo okuphindwe kaningi, kufaka phakathi i-protector ontology, igatsha lomvikeli womzimba wangaphakathi lichazwa okungenani ileveli enezinto zokuvikela izipele zengcindezi yokuvikela umfutho ophakeme wamanje, phakathi kwazo, ileveli ngayinye eshisiwe ukulinganiselwa kokuvikelwa kwesifunda kuqukethe okungenani i-varistor kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha lochungechunge. Okusunguliwe njengamanje kunemvamisa yesikhashana emfushane yamandla kagesi aphuka ngqo (awadingi indawo yethusi), amandla nesikhathi sokubambisana, akwazi ukumelana nombani wangempela, inzuzo yomthelela wokushaya kwenhliziyo amaningi futhi angadlulisa ukuhlolwa kwesibili T2, efanelekile ukufakwa ezakhiweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikeleke ngempumelelo kakhudlwana kwesifunda sokusabalalisa amandla aphansi semishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi.

Incazelo
Umvikeli wokunyuka kwamaphaphu amaningi
Inkambu yezobuchwepheshe

[0001] okusunguliwe kuphathelene nomvikeli wokuqhuma, kungokuvikela umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bezinto zokuvikela umbani, ikakhulukazi kubhekisa ohlotsheni lomvikeli wokushaywa kwamaphaphu amaningi. Isizinda sobuchwepheshe

[0002] Kanye nokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi esetshenziswayo iya ngokuya isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yolwazi, ezokuthutha, amandla kagesi, ezezimali, imboni yamakhemikhali neminye imikhakha ohlelweni. Futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezisebenza ngogesi ohlelweni lokusabalalisa amandla aphansi igxathu negxathu, umphumela ukukhetha inani elikhulu lenani lengcindezi ephansi, ukuzwela okuphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwezingxenye zikagesi. Ukuvuthwa kombani noma ukusebenza kwamandla okuvota, noma kunjalo, kuvame ukuletha ukulimala okubulalayo kuzinto ze-elekthronikhi, kwenza ububanzi, ukujula kanye nokulimala kwemvamisa yevolthi kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kombani nokusebenza kokulimala kwamandla kagesi ezintweni zikagesi nezikagesi futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo lwemishini, zonke izinhlobo zesivikelo seSurge zisetshenziswe kabanzi.

[0003] amazwe womkhiqizo womhlaba wokuvikela umvikeli we-SH) kwenziwa ngokuya ngocwaningo olujwayelekile lwe-IEC / TC61643 nobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela okuphezulu kwelabhorethri yombani kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-10 / 350μs noma kwe-8 / 20μs kwe-pulse eyodwa igagasi lokushaqeka. Ku-IEC61643-1: 2011 nekhodi ejwayelekile kazwelonke ye-GB50057-2010 yaseChina “yokwakhiwa kokuvikelwa kombani wokwakha, isivikeli sokuvikela sohlelo lokusabalalisa amandla aphansi sehlukaniswe ngezindlela ezintathu zokuhlola, futhi sisebenzisa i- Τ1, T2 ne-T3, ngokulandelana.

[0004] wesivikeli sokukhuphuka esivele sikhona singahlukaniswa sibe yi-switch ejwayelekile ye-SPD kanye ne-voltage-limited SPD, switch SPD ingamelana nombani oqondile ekwakhiweni komthamo omkhulu wethonya lamanje, kepha kunomkhawulo wamandla aphezulu, isikhathi sokuphendula eside, ukusakaza ISH) futhi ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa nokuthi isikhathi sokuphendula semodi sihamba kancane (uhlobo lwengcindezi elinciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula kwama-SPD acuities kwakungu-20 ns, isikhathi sokuphendula sohlobo lokushintsha lwe-SPD> 200 us, isilinganiso samanje sombani wamanje ubude be-pulse <180 us, i-119.6 us), okuholela emfushane kakhulu kumbane wamanje akunakuba nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuvimbela, kuvame ukonakaliswa uhlobo lokushaywa wumbani 2 SPD nemishini futhi ama-switch switch ezingeni lokuqala awasebenzi. Yize i-SPD yohlobo lokukhawulela amandla kagesi isikhathi esisheshayo sokuphendula, umkhawulo wamandla aphansi, kepha ingathwala kuphela umthelela onomkhawulo wamanje, futhi idinga ukuvikelwa kwayo okuyisipele kungagcini nje ngokushaya ngamandla kwamanje kodwa futhi nakumandla amancane wamandla wamandla ngokugqashula ngokushesha , nesikhathi sokuphula ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emi-5.

[0005] Njengamanje azikho izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zomhlaba wonke zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga zobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke ku-IEC 61643-1: 2011 kumthethonqubo wokuqala we-8.3.5.3 kufanele wamukele ezinye izindlela ezifanele (ezenziwe) esikhundleni sethusi. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwethusi esikhundleni sokushintsha i-SPD noma ukukhawulela i-voltage SPD akuhambisani nesimo sangempela se-SPD esifushane, into yokuqhuma komlilo ivame ukwenzeka ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Kufakwe esakhiweni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ileveli yesibili ye-SPD idinga ukuhlolwa kwesibili ngokuya ngezinhlinzeko ze-GB50057-2010, T2, enefomu lokuphakama lomumo ongu-8 / 20μs. Ukuze ukwazi ukuphumelela isivivinyo sesibili, imvamisa u-2 SH) usebenzisa idivaysi ekhawulela ingcindezi yakhelwe, uhlobo lokukhawulela ingcindezi i-SPD (T2) inamandla amakhulu okugeleza kwe-8 / 20μs waveformform yamanje, kepha nge-10 / 350μs ingu-1/20 kuphela wenani layo lokuphakama. Futhi ngokwezindinganiso zamanje zikazwelonke, ezomhlaba jikelele esivivinyweni samanje sesekethe esidinga ukwamukela ezinye izindlela ezifanele (ezenziwe) esikhundleni sengxenye eyinhloko yethusi. Akugcini lapho, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwesayensi nokuvikeleka kombani kukhombisa ukuthi ukuduma okunesilinganiso esisodwa se-high voltage high test laboratory izindlela ze-SPD kanye namaqiniso okushaywa kombani wangempela ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi, ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ephezulu yelabhu yombani kuya ekuhlolweni i-pulse eyodwa ye-SPD ekubekezelelaneni kwangempela kanye nenani layo eliphansi lapho ishaywa umbani, imvamisa iholela ekuqhumeni kwe-SPD ukushisa ngokweqile, izingozi zomlilo. Isisekelo sokuhlolwa kombani wasendle waseGuangzhou ngo-Agasti 12, 2008, isivivinyo sokubekezelela umbani we-SPD, kunjalo: i-polarity engeyona i-LEMP eyodwa inezikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili emuva, esiphezulu samanje esingu-26.4 kA, ukugeleza kwamanje nge-SPD kungukubaluleka okuphezulu okufika ku-1.64 kA , ukulimala kwamanje okungama-20 kA kwe-SPD. [UShaodong Chen, Shaojie Yang ngo-Agasti 12, 2011 eBrazil, njengenkomfa yeshumi nanye yamazwe omhlaba ephepheni likagesi womkhathi: Okucutshungulwe ku-Analysis Kunikeza Ukuqonda Okusha Emiphumeleni Emisha Yamanje Yamadivayisi Wokuzivikela] .Ukuhlanganisa, imvamisa yamandla iqondisa ngqo Ukwephula isekhethi samanje esifushane, amandla nesikhathi sokubambisana, kungamelana nokushaqeka kwenhliziyo kungaphezulu kwe-SPD inkinga yezobuchwepheshe yamazwe omhlaba enzima ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhiqizeni.

[0006] Ngenxa yalokho, intuthuko engakwazi ukubekezelela ikhono lomthelela wokushaya kombani wangempela, kepha futhi inokwephula okuqondile imvamisa yamandla wamanje wesekhethi (ayidingi ukushintshwa kwebhulokhi yethusi), namandla nesikhathi sokubambisana nesekondari test SPD (T2), okungesona isidingo esiphuthumayo kuphela emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kombani ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi okuwumlando wobuchwepheshe bokuvikela umbani.

Okuqukethwe okusunguliwe

[0007] inhloso yalokhu kusungulwa ukunqoba ukushiyeka nokushiyeka kobuchwepheshe obukhona, ukuhlinzeka ngomvikeli wokushaywa kwamaphaphu amaningi, isivikeli sokwenyuka sinqamule ngqo imvamisa yesekethe yamanje yesekhethi (ayidingi indawo yethusi), amandla nesikhathi ukubambisana, ukwazi ukumelana nombani wangempela, ukusizakala kokushaywa ngamandla kwenhliziyo okuningana futhi kungadlula ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwe-T2, kusebenza kokufakiwe ezakhiweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikeleke ngempumelelo kakhudlwana kwesifunda sokuhambisa amandla kagesi semishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi.

[0008] ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso engenhla, okusunguliwe njengamanje ngokohlelo olulandelayo lobuchwepheshe:

[0009] isivikeli sokukhuphuka, i-ontology evikela ukushaya kwenqwaba yomzimba, kufaka phakathi isivikelo somzimba igatsha locingo lwangaphakathi luchazwa okungenani ileveli enezinto zokuvikela izipele zokushiswa kwengcindezi ephezulu yokushaqeka kwamanje, phakathi kwabo, ileveli ngayinye eshisiwe ngaphezulu kwengcindezi ephezulu yokushaqeka ekhawulela ukuvikela isekethe liqukethe okungenani i-varistor kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha lochungechunge.

[0010] okunye ukuvikela umzimba igatsha likacingo lwangaphakathi lichazwa nge-multistage pulse yamanje umfutho oshaqisayo okhawulela ukuvikelwa kwesekethe, ileveli ngayinye yokushaywa kwengcindezi yokunciphisa umfutho wokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda uqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa ne-fuse ukwakha igatsha lochungechunge lwe-pulse, elinye uchungechunge lokuqala lwegatsha le-varistor dc voltage le-Utl, izinga lesibili ngaphezulu kwegatsha lochungechunge lwe-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl + Λ Un, η ye-1 kuye ku-9.

[0011] kuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo kumvikeli womzimba futhi kunesekhethi sokukhanya kwesibonakaliso sephutha, isekhethi lesibani sephutha lifaka phakathi igatsha lokukhanya nokumelana okujwayelekile, ukuxhumeka kwegatsha lochungechunge ezingeni lokuqala lokushaywa kwengcindezi ephezulu kwamanje okunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda sokuvikela phakathi kwe-varistor ne-fuse ishayela.

[0012] okuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo kumvikeli womzimba futhi kunesokhethi lokuxhumana elikude.

[0013] okuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo kumvikeli wegatsha le-ontology zero line elisethiwe nakho kube nokushaywa okukhulu kwengcindezi ephezulu yokunciphisa umkhawulo wesekethe yokuvikela, i-pulse multiple high pressure impact limisa ukuvikelwa kwesekethe liqukethe okungenani i-varistor nefomu lezinto zokuvikela izipele igatsha elichungechunge. [0014] isivikeli sokukhuphuka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi kufaka phakathi umvikeli we-ontology, kuchazwe ukuvikelwa kwesidumbu somzimba kunesigaba sesigaba sesithathu, isifunda esichazwe esigabeni ngasinye segatsha lomlilo lisethwe okungenani ileveli enezinto zokuvikela izipele zengcindezi ephezulu yokushaqeka yamanje isekethe, phakathi kwabo, ileveli ngayinye eshisiwe ephezulu yengcindezi yokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda wokuvikela iqukethe okungenani i-varistor nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha elichungechunge.

[0015] kuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo esigabeni ngasinye segatsha lezintambo zesifunda ukusetha ngaphezu kwesibalo se-multistage pulse samanje esinciphisa ukuvikeleka kwesekethe, ileveli ngayinye yokushaywa kwengcindezi yamanje ukukhawulelwa komkhawulo wokuvikela umkhawulo wesifunda kuqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa ne-fuse ukwakha uchungechunge lwe-pulse igatsha, elinye lamagatsha ochungechunge lokuqala we-varistor dc voltage we-Utl, izinga lesibili ngaphezulu kwegatsha lochungechunge lwe-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl + Λ Un, η ye-1 kuye ku-9.

[0016] okuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo kumvikeli womzimba futhi kunesekhethi sokukhanya kwesibonakaliso sephutha, isekhethi lesibani sephutha lifaka phakathi igatsha lokukhanya nelokumelana elijwayelekile, isekethe legatsha lochungechunge elixhunywe kulelo nalelo zinga lokuqala lokucindezelwa okuphezulu kwamanje kwengcindezi yokukhawulela ukuvikela isifunda i-varistor ne-fuse pulse.

[0017] okuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo kumvikeli womzimba futhi kunesokhethi lokuxhumana elikude.

[0018] okuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo kumvikeli wegatsha le-ontology zero line elisethiwe nakho kube nokushaywa okukhulu kwengcindezi yokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda wokuvikela, i-pulse multiple high pressure impact limisa ukuvikelwa kwesekethe liqukethe okungenani i-varistor nefomu lokuvikela izinto eziyisipele igatsha lochungechunge.

[0019] ukusungulwa kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obukhona, imiphumela yayo enenzuzo ngale ndlela elandelayo:

[0020] 1. okusungulwayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lokuvikela umbani, inemvamisa yesikhashana emfushane yamandla ombane ngqo (ayidingi ukubuyiselwa kwebhulokhi), xazulula indawo ebekiwe ye-SPD (T2) lapho isifunda esifushane siziphula, sithuthuke kakhulu ukuphepha kwe-SPD (T2); Unamandla nesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokubambisana, bonke bamukela ukumelana nokuzwela kwengcindezi njengengxenye eyinhloko ye-SPD (T2), ixazulula i-SPD eyi-hybridi engabambisani namandla nesikhathi; Ngokushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi ngaphansi komthelela wamandla ombani, ixazululwe nge-single pulse test SPD ayikwazi ukuthwala inkinga yangempela yokwethuka kombani eminingi.

[0021] 2. ukwakhiwa kwamanje kufanele ukufakwa ezakhiweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikeleke ngempumelelo kakhudlwana kwesekethe lokusabalalisa ugesi ophansi wemishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuzweleni okuphezulu kokuvikelwa kokuchichima kwemishini kagesi, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwe uhlelo lwezinto zobuchwepheshe.

[0022] 3. ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kokusunguliwe kwamanje, kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukuduma kwezulu kanye nemibani eyenzekayo; Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakhiwa kwamanje isakhiwo esilula nesizwakalayo, izindleko ezilinganiselayo, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kulula, kunezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu kwezomnotho nezenhlalo.

[0023] ukuze kube nokuqonda okucace kakhudlwana kokusunguliwe kwamanje, okulandelayo kuzohlanganisa imidwebo efakiwe kulephepha, indlela yokukhishwa kokhonkolo yokusungulwa kwamanje.

[0024] Umdwebo 1 yisibonelo sokuqaliswa kokusungulwa 1 unenqwaba yokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphindwe kabili esigabeni esisodwa somthelela wengcindezi wokukhawulela umdwebo wesifunda wesifunda.

[0025] isibalo 2 ukwenziwa kwamanje kunesigaba esisodwa sokusebenzisa isifunda isibonelo 1 level 3 multiple pulse current shock pressure limited limited protection circuit circuit schematic of the circuit.

[0026] isibalo 3 yisibonelo sokusungulwa kwesakhiwo 2 umdwebo wesifunda wesifunda wesifunda.

[0027] isibalo 4 ukusungulwa kusetshenziswa isimo somdwebo wokuxhuma wesifunda.
Indlela ephathekayo yokusebenzisa
Case 1

[0028] Isibonelo sokuqalisa 1

[0029] njengoba kukhonjisiwe kusifanekiso 1, ukwakhiwa kwamanje kuchaze umvikeli wokushaywa kwamaphaphu okuningi, kufaka phakathi isivikeli se-ontology, isivikeli somlilo ngaphakathi kwezinga legatsha esishayele umfutho ophakeme wamanje wokunciphisa umfutho wesivikelo, i-pulse multiple high pressure impact limited isekethe lokuvikela liqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa i-TMOVl bese ifaka igatsha le-Mbl form series, ukumelana nokucindezela kokuzwela kwamandla we-DC osebenza ngamandla we-% .Okunye, okuchazwe kumvikeli womzimba nakho kunesikhombi sesibani sesibani sephutha nesokhethi yokuxhumana ekude, iphutha Isikhombi sesifunda sokukhanya sifaka phakathi ukukhanya kuka-D negatsha elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwe-R, ukuxhumana kwegatsha lochungechunge ezingeni lokuqala okushaywe umfutho ophakeme wamanje wokucindezela ukukhawulela ukuvikelwa kwesifunda se-varistor TMOVl ne-pulse fuse phakathi kweMbl. Kuchazwe kumvikeli we-ontology wegatsha lomugqa we-zero kubuye kusethe ukuthi umfutho ophakeme wamandla wokukhawulela okhawulela ukuvikela isekethe, i-pulse multiple high pressure impact limisa ukuvikelwa kwesekethe futhi kufaka okungenani i-varistor kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha elichungechunge.

[0030] njengoba kukhonjisiwe kusifanekiso 2, ukwakhiwa kwamanje kuchaze isivikeli somlilo ngaphakathi kwegatsha kunesilinganiso esingu-3 sokushaya ngamandla kwamanje umfutho oshaqisayo wokunciphisa umkhawulo wokuvikela, ileveli ngayinye yokushaywa kwengcindezi yamanje ukukhawulelwa komkhawulo wokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda uqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa futhi i-fuse yakha igatsha lochungechunge lwe-pulse, elinye lamagatsha we-varistor dc voltage wokuqala we-Utl, igatsha lesibili lochungechunge lwe-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl + + U1, igatsha lesithathu lochungechunge lwe-varistor dc voltage ku-Ud + AUy enye imodi yesakhiwo futhi okufanayo njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso 1.

[0031] imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamanje okutholwe ngumthamo omkhulu wokugeleza futhi kunamandla amancane okushaya ngamandla okushaya ngamandla okukhomba ekushayweni kwamandla okuxuba (MB) nensimbi ye-zinc oxide varistor (MOV), ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bokulawula ipharamitha obuhlukile ( Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ipharamitha obukhombayo ukukhomba kumikhiqizo efanayo, ukusebenzisa ipharamitha engaphezu kweyodwa ehlukanisiwe kukhulu izingxenye ezisemqoka zokuxhumanisa nokulawulwa kwamapharamitha wedivayisi ahlukahlukene, ngokuhlanganyela ukufeza ipharamitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yomklamo) uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe bokuphula obuzibiwe ubuchwepheshe bubhekisa ekwakhiweni kwe-SPD wonke amagatsha wedivayisi yokuvikela ukwenza isekhethi kwisifunda esifushane, imvamisa yamandla ingaqhubeka ngokugqashula ngesinyathelo ngokuya ngezidingo zedizayini, yenza i-SPD isuse isekethe lokuhambisa ugesi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha sebenzisa i-SPD, yenza i-fuse lapho umfutho wamandla wesifunda omfushane ushayela unqamula ngokushesha wenze ulayini wokusabalalisa amandla kagesi omncane awusebenzi kufakwe umsebenzi wokuvikelwa kwesipele wesikhashana we-SPD, kutholakala kumvamisa wamandla lapho isivivinyo sesifunda esifushane singadingi ucezu lwethusi esikhundleni semvamisa yamandla we-MOV ngqo ephula isekhethi samanje esifushane; Kwamukelwe izimpendulo ezakhayo konke ukusetshenziswa nokushisa kwe-MOV futhi kwenziwa ngokuya ngobuchwephesha bokulawula ipharamitha ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe obungajwayelekile-obuhambisanayo (ubuchwepheshe obungafani-nokulingana bubhekisela kwinani eliphelele legatsha lesifunda se-SPD elingajwayelekile noma elilinganisiwe, kudingeka isatshalaliswe ubuchwepheshe bokufanisa ipharamitha), yehlula i-SPD (T2) iswitshi nengcindezi ekhawulela ukwakheka kokuxubeka kwedivayisi, amandla ayo nesikhathi sokubambisana nayo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nenkinga yokuvinjelwa umfutho wombani, ukuqaliswa kwamandla nesikhathi sokubambisana; Imikhawulo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-multilevel MOV micro gauge equivalence yamapharamitha obuchwepheshe obulinganayo, yenza i-SPD lapho ifakwa ngamandla wombani, wonke amagatsha e-MOV angalinganiswa ngokushaywa umbani njengamanje, ukuze ubone ukuthi umbani weqiniso we-SPD ungaphansi kwekhono lomthelela wokushaya ngamandla.

Icala 2 [0032] [0033] njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso 3, okusungulwayo kwamanje kuchaze umvikeli wokushaywa kwamaphaphu amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-protector ontology, kuchazwe ukumiswa kwesivikelo somzimba kunesekethe lesigaba esithathu, ucingo lwamagatsha wesifunda ngalinye lubekwe ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu i-pulse yamanje ukushaqeka kwengcindezi yokukhawulela ukuvikelwa kwesekethe, ileveli ngayinye yokushaywa ngamandla kwengcindezi yokunciphisa umkhawulo wokuvikelwa wesifunda iqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa ne-fuse ukwakha igatsha lochungechunge lwe-pulse, elinye lamagagasi okuqala egatsha i-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl, ingcindezi ukumelana nokuzwela uchungechunge lwesibili lwegatsha lamandla wokusebenza we-dc U0 + Δ U1, uchungechunge lwesithathu lwegatsha elicindezela ukumelana nokuzwela kwamandla we-dc osebenza u-U0 + Δ U2. Enye imodi yokwakheka nesibonelo sokuqalisa 1 efanayo.

[0034] njengoba kukhonjisiwe kusibalo 4, lapho usebenzisa, vele ubeke isivikeli sokushaya ngamandla kwenhliziyo esingaphezulu kwesibalo sokuqala sokushaywa kwengcindezi ephezulu yokunciphisa umfutho wokunciphisa intambo yokuvikela ocingweni lokufaka oluxhunywe ocingweni lukagesi lwesekethe lokusabalalisa amandla aphansi; Ibanga lokuqala eta umfutho ophakeme wamanje oshubile okhawulela umkhawulo wokuvikela amandla wokukhipha namandla kagesi aphansi womugqa womhlabathi wocingo lomhlabathi, angaqedela ukufakwa kwesivikeli sokuqhuma, ukuphepha okulula, okulula nokusebenzayo.

[0035], okusungulwayo njengamanje akukhawulwanga kundlela yokusetshenziswa engenhla yokusungulwa uma kukhona izinguquko noma okuhlukile (njengokuvela kwesakhiwo ebhokisini noma ohlotsheni lwemodyuli; Ngokusebenzisa ithrafikhi ngosayizi wefomu lesigaba esisodwa noma ukulethwa kwezigaba ezintathu imodi ehlukahlukene evikelwe) akuveli emoyeni nakububanzi bokwakhiwa kwamanje, uma lezo zinguquko nokuhlukahluka kungaphansi kwesilinganiso sesimangalo samanje sobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe obulinganayo, okusungulwayo njengamanje nakho kuhlose ukufaka lezi zinguquko namafomu.

Izimangalo (10)

1. Isivikeli sokukhuphuka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi kufaka phakathi umvikeli we-ontology, ogama lakhe lingu: igatsha lomvikeli wangaphakathi wensimbi lichazwa okungenani ileveli enezinto zokuvikela izipele zengcindezi yokuvikela umfutho ophakeme wamanje, phakathi kwazo, ileveli ngalinye lithuke kakhulu manje ingcindezi yokuvikela umkhawulo wesifunda iqukethe okungenani i-varistor nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha lochungechunge.
2. Ngokwesimangalo umvikeli ongu-1 we-pulse surge, onesimilo sakhe: igatsha lomvikeli womzimba wangaphakathi lichazwa nge-multistage multiple pulse yamanje ukushaqeka kwengcindezi okunciphisa umkhawulo wesekethe yokuvikela, ileveli ngayinye yokushaywa kwengcindezi yokunciphisa umfutho wokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda uqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa futhi fuse ukwakha igatsha lochungechunge lwe-pulse, elinye lama-varistor egatsha lokuqala lochungechunge lwe-DC esebenza ngamandla we-Utl, ileveli yesibili ngaphezulu kwegatsha le-varistor chungechunge le-DC esebenza ngamandla ka-U0 + Λ Un, η ka-1 kuye ku-9.
3. Ngokusho kwesivikeli 2 sokuvikelwa kokushaya ngamandla kwenhliziyo, isimilo sayo okungukuthi: isivikeli somzimba futhi sishilo isekhethi senkomba yokwehluleka, isekhethi lesikhombi sephutha lifaka phakathi igatsha lokukhanya nelokumelana elijwayelekile, ukuxhumana kwegatsha lochungechunge ezingeni lokuqala kudonsa umkhawulo wokucindezela ukuvikelwa kwesifunda phakathi kwe-varistor ne-pulse ye-fuse.
4. Ngokwesimangalo umvikeli ongu-1 we-pulse surge surge, onesimilo sakhe: isivikeli somzimba naso sichazwa ngesokhethi lokuxhumana elikude.
5. Ngokusho kwesivikeli esingu-1 se-pulse surge protector, isimilo sayo okungukuthi: igatsha le-zero line le-ontology yomvikeli nalo lisethwe okungenani ngaphezu kwengcindezi yokushaqeka kwamanje yokunciphisa umfutho wokuvikela umkhawulo wokuvikela, phakathi kwabo, ileveli ngayinye iphindaphindwe kakhulu isekethe lokuvikela liqukethe okungenani i-varistor kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha lochungechunge.
6. Umvikeli wokuqhuma, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuningi kufaka phakathi umvikeli we-ontology, kuchazwe ukuvikelwa kwesivalo somzimba kunesigaba sesigaba sesithathu, isimilo saso: isigaba ngasinye sesifunda esichazwe egatsheni locingo sisethwe okungenani ileveli enezinto zokuvikela izipele zamanje eziphakeme ukushaqeka kwengcindezi okunciphisa umkhawulo wesekethe yokuvikela, phakathi kwabo, ileveli ngayinye eshisiwe ngaphezulu kwengcindezi ephezulu yokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda wokuvikela iqukethe okungenani i-varistor nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha elichungechunge.
7. Ngokwesimangalo umvikeli wokushaywa kwamaphaphu okungu-6, onesimilo sakhe: isigaba ngasinye sesifunda esichazwe egatsheni locingo sisetha ngaphezulu kokushayisana kwamanje okuningana kwengcindezi okunciphisa umkhawulo wesekethe yokuvikela, ileveli ngayinye yokushaywa kwengcindezi yokunciphisa umfutho wokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda uqukethe okungenani i-varistor eyodwa ne-fuse yokwakha igatsha lochungechunge lwe-pulse, elinye lama-varistor egatsha lokuqala lochungechunge lwe-dc voltage esebenzayo ye-Utl, ileveli yesibili ngaphezulu kwegatsha le-varistor chungechunge le-DC esebenza ngamandla ka-U0 + Λ Un, η ka-1 kuye ku-9.
8. Ngokwesimangalo umvikeli we-7 pulse surge, onesimilo sakhe: umvikeli womzimba uphinde wachaza isekhethi lesibonakaliso sephutha, isekhethi lesibani sephutha lifaka phakathi igatsha lokukhanya nelokumelana elijwayelekile, isekethe legatsha lochungechunge elixhunywe kulelo nalelo zinga lokuqala le-pulsed umfutho wokushaqeka ophezulu wamanje okhawulela ukuvikelwa kwesifunda phakathi kwe-varistor ne-fuse pulse.
9. Ngokwesimangalo umvikeli ongu-6 we-pulse surge surge, onesimilo sakhe: isivikeli somzimba naso sichazwa ngesokhethi lokuxhumana elikude.

Ngaphezulu kweshumi. Ngokusho kwesivikelo somvikeli we-pulse 10, umlingiswa wakhe ongu: the zero line branch of protector ontology nayo isethwe okungenani ngaphezu kwengcindezi ephezulu yokushaywa kwengcindezi yokunciphisa umkhawulo wesifunda wokuvikela, phakathi kwabo, ileveli ngayinye ukushaqeka kwengcindezi yokukhawulela isekethe yokuvikela iqukethe okungenani i-varistor kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukwenza isipele zakha igatsha lochungechunge.