Fingqa imibani kanye namadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma

Ukuphepha Okuhleliwe

Umqondo wendawo yokuvikela umbani

Lesi sakhiwo sihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezisengozini yokushabalala. Lezi zindawo zisiza ekuchazeni izindlela zokuvikela ezidingekayo, ikakhulukazi amadivayisi wezinto zombani kanye nokuqhuma. Ingxenye ye-EMC ehambisanayo (EMC: Ukuhambisana kwe-Electro Magnetic) indawo evikela umbani uhlelo lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbani (kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokuqeda umoya, uhlelo lokuhambisa phansi, uhlelo lokuqeda umhlaba), ukuqiniswa kwe-equipotential, ukuvikelwa kwendawo kanye nokuvikelwa kokuvikela izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngogesi nolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Izincazelo zisebenza njengoba zihlukaniswe kuThebula 1. Ngokuya ngezidingo kanye nemithwalo ebekwe kumadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma, ahlukaniswe njengababambi bamanje bonyazi, ababopha abagibeli kanye nababoshiwe abahlanganisiwe. Izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zibekwa kumthamo wokukhipha umbani wamanje osibambayo kanye nokubanjwa okuhlanganisiwe okusetshenziswe ekuguqukeni kusuka endaweni yokuvikela umbani_A kuya ku-1 noma ku-0_A kuya ku-2.Laba baboshiwe kumele bakwazi ukuqhuba imibani eyingcosana yamafomu amagagasi ayi-10/350 μs amahlandla amaningi ngaphandle kokubhujiswa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwemisinga yombani engonakalisayo ekufakweni kukagesi kwesakhiwo. Endaweni yenguquko kusuka ku-LPZ 0_B kuya ku-1 noma ezansi nomfula wombani osendaweni yamanje lapho kuguqulwa khona kusuka ku-LPZ 1 kuye ku-2 nangaphezulu, kusetshenziswa ababoshiwe ukuvikela ama-surges. Umsebenzi wabo kokubili ukunciphisa amandla asalayo ezigaba zokuvikela ezikhuphukayo ngisho nangaphezulu nokukhawulela ama-surges abangelwa noma akhiqizwe ekufakweni uqobo.

Umbani nokukhuphuka kwezinyathelo zokuvikela emingceleni yezindawo zokuvikela umbani ezichazwe ngenhla kusebenza ngokufanayo ekunikezelweni kwamandla kanye nasezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Zonke izinyathelo ezichazwe kumqondo wokuvikelwa kombani ohambisanayo we-EMC zisiza ekufinyeleleni ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwamadivayisi kagesi nagesi kanye nokufakwa. Ngemininingwane ethe xaxa yezobuchwepheshe, sicela uvakashele www.sbmithappen.com.

IEC 62305-4: 2010

Izindawo ezingaphandle:

I-LPZ 0: Indawo lapho usongo lungenxa yenkambu ye-elektroni yombani ongasebenzi kahle nalapho amasistimu angaphakathi angafakwa khona njengamanje.

I-LPZ 0 ihlukaniswe yaba:

I-LPZ 0_A: Indawo lapho usongo lubangelwa ukukhanya okuqondile kombani kanye nensimu ephelele yombani kagesi. Izinhlelo zangaphakathi zingabhekelwa njengamanje umbani wokugcwala kombani.

I-LPZ 0_B: Indawo ivikelwe emibani eqonde ngqo kepha lapho usongo luyi-field light kagesi ogcwele. Izinhlelo zangaphakathi zingabhekana nemisinga yokwanda kombani ngokwengxenye.

Izindawo ezingaphakathi (zivikelwe emibani eqondile):

I-LPZ 1: Indawo lapho i-current surge ikhawulelwe ngokwabelana kwamanje nokuhlukanisa okwehlukile kanye / noma ngama-SPD emngceleni. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo kunganciphisa inkambu yombane kagesi.

I-LPZ 2… n: Indawo lapho amandla wokuqhuma angahle ancishiswe ngokwabelana kwamanje nokuhlukanisa izixhumi ezibonakalayo kanye / noma ngama-SPDs angeziwe emngceleni. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo okwengeziwe kungasetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka kunciphise inkambu yombane kagesi.

Imibandela Nezincazelo

Ukwephula amandla, landela amandla okucisha wamanje I_fi

Amandla wokwephuka yinani lama-rms elingaqinisekisiwe (elizoba khona) lama-mains alandelayo njengamanje angacinywa ngokuzenzakalela ngedivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda lapho uxhuma u-U._C. Kungafakazelwa esivivinyweni sokusebenza ngokuya nge-EN 61643-11: 2012.

Izigaba ngokusho kwe-IEC 61643-21: 2009

Inani lamandla okushaywa ngamandla kanye nemisinga yokushaywa komzimba kuchazwe ku-IEC 61643-21: 2009 yokuhlola amandla akhona okuphatha kanye nemikhawulo yamandla kagesi yokuphazanyiswa kwethonya. Ithebula 3 laleli zinga libala lezi ngezigaba futhi linikeze amanani akhethwayo. Kuthebula 2 le-IEC 61643-22 ejwayelekile imithombo yesikhashana inikezwe izigaba ezahlukahlukene zethonya ngokwendlela yokuncipha. Isigaba C2 sifaka ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle (ama-surges), isigaba D1 galvanic coupling (imibani yombani). Isigaba esifanele sicacisiwe kudatha yezobuchwepheshe. Amadivayisi wokuvikela we-LSP adlula amanani ezigaba ezichaziwe. Ngakho-ke, inani eliqondile lekhono lokuthwala okwenzekayo manje likhonjiswa ngokukhishwa kwamanje okukhohlisayo (8/20 μs) kanye nombane wamanje oshukumisayo (10/350 μs).

Inhlanganisela wave

Igagasi lenhlanganisela likhiqizwa yi-hybrid generator (1.2 / 50 μs, 8/20 μs) ene-impedance yamanga ka-2 Ω. Amandla kagesi avulekile ale generator abizwa ngo-U_OC. NOMA_OC iyinkomba ekhethwayo yohlobo lwe-3 arresters ngoba yilaba ababoshiwe kuphela abangahlolwa nge-wave combination (ngokusho kwe-EN 61643-11).

Imvamisa yokusika f_G

Imvamisa yokusika ichaza isimilo esincike ekuziphatheni kwesiboshwa. Imvamisa yokusika ilingana nobuningi obangela ukulahleka kokufakwa (a_E) ka-3 dB ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuhlolwa (bona i-EN 61643-21: 2010). Ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ngenye indlela, leli nani lisho isistimu engu-50..

I-Degree yokuvikela

Izinga lokuvikelwa le-IP lihambisana nezigaba zokuvikelwa

kuchazwe ku-IEC 60529.

Isikhathi sokunqamula ukunqamula t_a

Isikhathi sokunqanyulwa yisikhathi esidlulayo kuze kube ukunqamuka okuzenzakalelayo kokuphakelwa kwamandla uma kwehluleka isekethe noma okokusebenza okufanele kuvikelwe. Isikhathi sokunqanyulwa yinani eliqondene nohlelo lokusebenza eliqhamuka ebusheni bephutha lamanje nezimpawu zedivayisi evikelayo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla kwama-SPD

Ukudidiyelwa kwamandla ukusebenzisana okukhethiwe futhi okuhlelekile kwezinto zokuvikela ezilahliwe (= SPDs) zomqondo ophelele wombani nokuvikelwa kokuqhuma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthwalo ophelele wamanje wokucindezela umbani uhlukaniswe phakathi kwama-SPD ngokwamandla abo okuphatha amandla. Uma ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla kungenzeki, ama-SPDs angaphansi akwanele

kukhululwe ama-SPD akhuphukayo kwazise ama-SPD akhuphukayo asebenza sekwephuze kakhulu, ngokwanele noma cha. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-SPD asezansi nemishini yokugcina okufanele ivikelwe ingacekelwa phansi. I-DIN CLC / TS 61643-12: 2010 ichaza ukuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla. Uhlobo lwe-Spark-gapbased type 1 SPDs lunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi

isici (bona WI-AVE BUMLUNGISI FUNION).

Uhlu lwamaphutha

Ibanga lemvamisa limelela ibanga lokudlulisa noma imvamisa yokusika yesiboshwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuncishiswa ezichaziwe.

Ukulahleka kokufakelwa

Ngemvamisa enikeziwe, ukulahleka kokufakwa kwedivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda kuchazwa ngokuhlobana kwenani lamandla kagesi endaweni yokufaka ngaphambi nangemva kokufaka okokuvikela okuqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ngenye indlela, inani lisho isistimu engu-50..

I-fuse yesipele esihlanganisiwe

Ngokwesilinganiso somkhiqizo wama-SPDs, kufanele kusetshenziswe amadivayisi wokuvikela amanje / amafayili wesipele. Lokhu, noma kunjalo, kudinga isikhala esingeziwe ebhodini lokusabalalisa, ubude bekhebula obengeziwe, okufanele bube bufushane ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuya nge-IEC 60364-5-53, isikhathi esengeziwe sokufaka (nezindleko) kanye nobukhulu be-fuse. I-fuse edidiyelwe ekuboshweni efanelekele imisinga yethonya ebandakanyekayo iqeda konke lokhu okubi. Ukuzuza kwesikhala, umzamo ophansi wokuhlanganisa izintambo, ukuqapha i-fuse okuhlanganisiwe nomphumela owandayo wokuvikela ngenxa yezintambo ezimfushane zokuxhuma kuyizinzuzo ezicacile zalo mqondo.

Ukushaywa umbani njengamanje I_imp

I-current impulse current is a standard standard impulse current with a 10/350 μs form wave. Imingcele yayo (inani eliphakeme, ukukhokhisa, amandla athile) lingisa umthwalo obangelwe yimisinga yombani wemvelo. Umbani wamanje nababoshiwe abahlanganisiwe kumele bakwazi ukudedela imisinga yokushayela umbani kaningi ngaphandle kokubhujiswa.

I-fuse yesipele yokuvikela / yokubamba eseceleni kwamanje

Okokuvikela okwenziwa ngaphezulu kwamanje (isb. I-fuse noma i-breaker breaker) etholakala ngaphandle kwesibambi ohlangothini lwe-infeed ukuphazamisa imvamisa yokulandela amandla kagesi ngokushesha nje lapho amandla okwephuka kwensimbi yokuvikela ukuqhuma yeqiwa. Ayikho i-fuse yesipele eyengeziwe edingekayo ngoba i-fuse yokusekelayo isivele ihlanganiswe ku-SPD.

Ubuningi bokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamandla u-U_C

Amandla okusebenza aphezulu aqhubekayo (amandla wokusebenza avunyelwe kakhulu) inani lama-rms wevolumu ephezulu engaxhunywa kumatheminali ahambisanayo wedivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lawa amandla aphezulu wokubamba ku

isimo esichaziwe esingaqhubi, esibuyisela oboshiwe emuva kulesi simo ngemuva kokuthi sikhubekile futhi sesiphumile. Inani le-U_C kuya ngamandla we-voltage wesistimu ezovikelwa nemininingwane yesifaki (IEC 60364-5-534).

Ubuningi bokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamandla u-U_I-CPV ngohlelo lwe-photovoltaic (PV)

Inani lamandla aphezulu we-dc voltage angasetshenziswa unomphela kumatheminali we-SPD. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-U_I-CPV ingaphezulu kwamandla amakhulu wesifunda avulekile wesistimu ye-PV uma kwenzeka kunawo wonke amathonya angaphandle (isb. izinga lokushisa elincane, amandla emisebe yelanga), U_I-CPV kufanele ibe phezulu kunalesi silinganiso samandla kagesi avulekile ngesilinganiso esingu-1.2 (ngokuya nge-CLC / TS 50539-12). Lesi sici se-1.2 siqinisekisa ukuthi ama-SPD awalinganiswa ngokungafanele.

Ukukhishwa okukhulu kwamanje I_max

Isikhathi samanje sokukhishwa esiphezulu yinani eliphakeme kakhulu le-8/20 μs current impulse lapho idivayisi ingakwazi ukuyikhipha ngokuphepha.

Ubuningi bokuhambisa amandla

Umthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa uchaza amandla amakhulu wemvamisa ephezulu angadluliselwa ngedivayisi evikelayo ye-coaxial ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingxenye yokuvikela.

Ukukhishwa kwegama okwamanje I_n

Okwamanje ukukhishwa kwamanani inani eliphakeme le-8/20 μs current impulse lapho idivayisi yokuvikela ekalwa khona ilinganiselwe kuhlelo oluthile lokuhlola nokuthi leyo divayisi yokuvikela ingakhipha kaningi.

Okwamanje umthwalo wamanje (owokuqanjwa njengamanje) I_L

Okwamanje umthwalo wokulayisha ubukhulu besikhathi esivumelekile bokusebenza obungagobhoza unomphela kumatheminali ahambisanayo.

Amandla okuzisholo U_N

Amandla kagesi aqokiwe amele amandla kagesi ohlelo okufanele avikelwe. Inani lamandla kagesi avamile lisebenza njengokuqokwa kohlobo lwamadivayisi wokuvikela ama-system wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Kuboniswa njengenani le-rms lezinhlelo ze-ac.

Ukuboshwa kwe-N-PE

Amadivayisi wokuvikela akhelwe kuphela ukufakwa phakathi komqhubi we-N no-PE.

Ububanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo T_U

Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo libonisa ibanga lapho amadivayisi angasetshenziswa khona. Kumadivayisi angafudumezi, ilingana nebanga lokushisa elikhona. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lamadivayisi wokuzifudumeza akumele kweqe inani eliphakeme elibonisiwe.

Isifunda sokuvikela

Amasekethe avikelayo aneziteji ezahlukahlukene, amadivayisi wokuvikela ahlaselwe Izigaba zokuvikela ngazinye zingaqukatha izikhala ze-spark, ama-varistor, ama-semiconductor element kanye namashubhu wokukhipha igesi (bheka Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla).

Umqhubi wesivikelo wamanje I_PE

Okwamanje okokuqhuba okokuvikela yikhona manje okugeleza ngokuxhumeka kwe-PE lapho idivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda ixhunywe kumthamo wokusebenza oqhubekayo ophakeme kakhulu we-U_C, ngokusho kwemiyalo yokufaka nangaphandle kwabasebenzisi abasebenza ngokulayisha.

Oxhumana naye osayina kude

Oxhumana naye osayina kude uvumela ukuqapha okukude okulula nokukhombisa isimo sokusebenza sedivayisi. Ifaka ukuphela kwamapali amathathu ngesimo soxhumana noshintsho ezintantayo. Lokhu kuxhumana kungasetshenziswa njengekhefu kanye / noma ukuxhumana, ngakho-ke kungahlanganiswa kalula ohlelweni lokulawula ukwakhiwa, isilawuli seKhabhinethi yokushintsha, njll.

Isikhathi sokuphendula t_A

Izikhathi zokuphendula ikakhulukazi ziveza ukusebenza kwempendulo yezakhi zokuvikela ngazinye ezisetshenziswe ekuboshweni. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhuphuka kwe-du / dt samandla we-impulse noma i-di / dt yamanje wempembelelo, izikhathi zokuphendula zingahluka ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile.

Buyisela ukulahleka

Kuzicelo ezinemvamisa ephezulu, ukulahleka kokubuyisa kubhekise ezingxenyeni eziningi zamaza "ahamba phambili" akhonjiswa kudivayisi evikelayo (indawo yokuqhuma). Lesi yisilinganiso esiqonde ngqo sokuthi ithuluzi lokuvikela lihambisana kanjani ne-impedance yesici yohlelo.

Uchungechunge ukumelana

Ukumelana ngokuya kokugeleza kwesiginali phakathi kokufakwayo nokukhipha kwesiboshwa.

Ukwehliswa kwesihlangu

Ukuhlobana kwamandla afakwa kukhebula le-coaxial emandleni akhishwa ngekhebula ngesiqhubi sesigaba.

Amadivayisi wokuvikela (SPDs)

Amadivayisi wokuvikela ikakhulukazi aqukethe ama-resistors ancike kumandla kagesi (ama-varistor, ama-suppressor diode) kanye / noma ama-spark gaps (izindlela zokukhipha). Amadivayisi wokuvikela asetshenziswayo asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ezinye izinto zikagesi kanye nokufakwa kuma-surges aphezulu ngokungazelelwe kanye / noma ukusungula ukubopha kwe-equipotential. Amadivayisi wokuvikela ahlukaniswe ngezigaba:

1. a) ngokusetshenziswa kwabo ku:

• Khuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukufakwa kwamandla namadivayisi

yamandla kagesi afinyelela ku-1000 V

- ngokusho kwe-EN 61643-11: 2012 ibe uhlobo 1/2/3 SPDs

- ngokusho kwe-IEC 61643-11: 2011 ekilasini I / II / III SPDs

Ushintsho lweRed / Line. umndeni womkhiqizo ku-EN 61643-11 entsha: 2012 ne-IEC 61643-11: 2011 standard izophothulwa ngokuhamba konyaka ka-2014.

• Khuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukufakwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi namadivayisi

ukuvikela imishini yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi kwezokuxhumana ngocingo nokusayina amanethiwekhi anezilinganiso eziphakeme ezifika ku-1000 V ac (inani elisebenzayo) kanye ne-1500 V dc ngokumelene nemiphumela engaqondile nengaqondile yeziteleka zombani nezinye izinto zesikhashana.

- ngokusho kwe-IEC 61643-21: 2009 ne-EN 61643-21: 2010.

• Ukuhlukanisa izikhala ze-spark zezinhlelo zokuqedwa komhlaba noma i-equipotential bonding
• Khuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukuze usetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic

yamandla kagesi afinyelela ku-1500 V

- ngokusho kwe-EN 50539-11: 2013 ibe uhlobo 1/2 SPDs

1. b) ngokuya kwamandla abo okukhipha amandla wamanje nomphumela wokuvikela ku:

• Umbani ababanjwa njengamanje / ababanjiwe bamanje ababanjiwe

ukuvikela ukufakwa kanye nemishini ekuphazanyisweni okuvela ezitelekeni zombani eziqondile noma eziseduze (ezifakwe emingceleni ye-LPZ 0_A kanye ne-1).

• Ukwenyuka kokuboshwa

ukuvikela ukufakwa, okokusebenza kanye namadivayisi wokugcina ngokumelene neziteleka zombani ezikude, ukushintsha ukweqa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic (efakwe emingceleni engezansi kwe-LPZ 0_B).

• Ababanjiwe abahlanganisiwe

ukuvikela ukufaka, okokusebenza kanye namadivayisi wokugcina ekuphazanyisweni okuvela ezitelekeni zombani eziqondile noma eziseduze (ezifakwe emingceleni ye-LPZ 0_A no-1 kanye no-0_A kanye ne-2).

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yamadivayisi wokuvikela wokuqhuma

Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yamadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma ifaka imininingwane ngezimo zokuyisebenzisa ngokusho:

• Isicelo (isb. Ukufakwa, izimo zebhizinisi, izinga lokushisa
• Ukusebenza uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka (isb. Umfutho wamanje wokukhipha amandla, landela amandla okucisha wamanje, izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi, isikhathi sokuphendula)
• Ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza (isib. Ukuqanjwa kwamanje, ukunciphisa amandla, ukumelana nokuqina)
• Ukusebenza uma kwehluleka (isb. I-fuse yesipele, i-disconnector, i-failsafe, inketho yokufaka uphawu kude)

Ikhono lokumelana nesifunda esifushane

Ikhono lokumelana nesekethe elifushane yinani lamandla esikhathi esifushane samandla-ombane aphethwe yidivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma lapho i-fuse yesipele ephezulu kakhulu ixhunywe ngomfula.

Isilinganiso esifushane sesekethe I_I-SCPV ye-SPD ohlelweni lwe-photovoltaic (PV)

Isikhathi samanje sesikhashana esifushane esingenathonya i-SPD, iyodwa noma ngokuhlangana namadivayisi wayo wokunqamula, ekwazi ukumelana nawo.

Ukuqothuka kwesikhashana (TOV)

Ukuqubuka kwesikhashana kungahle kube khona kudivayisi yokuvikela yokwanda isikhathi esifushane ngenxa yephutha ohlelweni olunamandla amakhulu. Lokhu kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile kusuka kwesikhashana okubangelwe isiteleka sombani noma ukusebenza kokushintshwa, okungapheli isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ms. Ukuphakama u-U_T futhi ubude bale mali engaphezulu yesikhashana bucacisiwe ku-EN 61643-11 (200 ms, 5 s noma 120 min.) Futhi zivivinywa ngawodwa ama-SPD afanele ngokusho kokucushwa kohlelo (TN, TT, njll.). I-SPD inga (a) yehluleke ngokuthembekile (ukuphepha kwe-TOV) noma b) ibe yi-TOV-resistant (TOV standstand), okusho ukuthi isebenza ngokuphelele ngesikhathi nangesikhathi esilandelayo

ama-voltages wesikhashana.

Isixhumi esinqamulayo

Amadivayisi wokuvikela asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kukagesi ezifakwe ngama-resistors alawulwa ugesi (varistors) ikakhulukazi afaka i-disconnector eshisayo ehlanganisiwe enqamula insimbi yokuvikela ukuqhuma kuma-mains uma kwenzeka igcwala ngokweqile futhi ikhombisa lesi simo sokusebenza. Isinqamuli siphendula "ukushisa kwamanje" okwenziwe i-varistor egcwele ngokweqile futhi sinqamule okokuvikela okuqhamukayo kuma-mains uma izinga lokushisa elithile lidluliwe. I-disconnector yakhelwe ukunqamula okokuvikela okugcwala ngokweqile ngesikhathi ukuvikela umlilo. Akuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa ekuthintaneni okungaqondile. Umsebenzi we

lezi zinqamuli ezishisayo zingahlolwa ngokusebenzisa ukugcwala / ukuguga okwenziwe ngabalingisi.

Ukukhishwa okuphelele kwamanje I_Inani

Okwamanje okugeleza nge-PE, PEN noma ukuxhumana komhlaba kwe-SPD ye-multipole ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamanje kokukhishwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukunquma umthwalo ophelele uma okwamanje kugeleza ngasikhathi sinye ezindleleni eziningana zokuvikela ze-SPD ye-multipole. Le pharamitha inquma amandla okuphela okuphelele aphethwe ngokuthembekile yisamba somuntu ngamunye

izindlela ze-SPD.

Izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-Voltage U_p

Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi lwedivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla wamandla kumatheminali wedivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma, enqunywa kusuka ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile komuntu ngamunye:

- I-lightning impulse sparkover voltage 1.2 / 50 μs (100%)

- Amandla we-Sparkover voltage ngezinga lokukhuphuka kwe-1kV / μs

- Kukalwa umkhawulo wamandla wamandla lapho kukhishwa ngegama okwamanje I_n

Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi libonisa amandla wedivayisi yokuvikela ukuqeda ukukhuphukela kuma-residual level. Izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla lichaza indawo yokufaka maqondana nesigaba sevoltage ngokwe-IEC 60664-1 ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ukuze amadivayisi wokuvikela asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe bolwazi, izinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi kufanele liguqulelwe ezingeni lokuzivikela kwemishini ezovikelwa (IEC 61000-4-5: 2001).

Ukuhlelwa kokuvikelwa kombani kwangaphakathi nokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka

Izidingo Zezinto Zokuvikela Umbani Wangaphandle

Izingxenye ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka uhlelo lokuvikela umbani lwangaphandle zizohlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zomshini nezikagesi, ezichazwe ochungechungeni olujwayelekile lwe-EN 62561-x. Izingxenye zokuvikela umbani zihlukaniswe ngokokusebenza kwazo, ngokwesibonelo izingxenye zokuxhuma (EN 62561-1), abaqhubi nama-electrode womhlaba (EN 62561-2).

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezijwayelekile zokuvikela umbani

Izinsimbi zokuvikela umbani wensimbi (izibopho, abaqhubi, izinduku zokunqamula umoya, ama-electrode omhlaba) okuvezwe kusimo sezulu kufanele kubhekwe nokuguga / ukubekwa kwemvelo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwaso ohlelweni oluhlosiwe. Ngokuhambisana ne-EN 60068-2-52 kanye ne-EN ISO 6988 izingxenye zensimbi zifakwa ekugugeni okufakelwayo futhi zahlolwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili.

Isimo sezulu sezulu semvelo kanye nokuchayeka kokugqwala kwezakhi zokuvikela umbani

Isinyathelo 1: Ukwelashwa kwenkungu kasawoti

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhloselwe izingxenye noma amadivayisi aklanyelwe ukumelana nokuchayeka komoya kasawoti. Imishini yokuhlola iqukethe igumbi lenkungu kasawoti lapho ama-specimens ahlolwa ngezinga lokuhlola 2 izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu. Izinga lokuhlola 2 lifaka izigaba ezintathu zokufafaza u-2 h lilinye, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esingu-5% se-sodium chloride (NaCl) ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-15 ° C kanye no-35 ° C lilandelwe ukugcinwa komswakama kumswakama ohlobene no-93% kanye nokushisa okungama-40 ± 2 ° C amahora angama-20 kuye kwangama-22 ngokuya nge-EN 60068-2-52.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukwelashwa kwe-humid sulphurous atmosphere

Lokhu kuhlolwa ukuhlola ukumelana nezinto noma umswakama ojiyile oqukethe isulfure dioxide ngokuya nge-EN ISO 6988.

Imishini yokuhlola (Umdwebo 2) iqukethe igumbi lokuhlola lapho ama-specimens

ziphathwa ngokuhlushwa kwesulfure dioxide engxenyeni yevolumu engu-667 x 10-6 (± 24 x 10-6) kumijikelezo eyisikhombisa yokuhlola. Umjikelezo ngamunye onesikhathi esingu-24 h wakhiwa isikhathi sokushisa esingu-8 h ekushiseni okungama-40 ± 3 ° C endaweni enomswakama, egcwele okulandelwa isikhathi sokuphumula esingu-16 h. Ngemuva kwalokho, umoya onomswakama omswakama uyashintshwa.

Zombili izingxenye zokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle nezakhi ezigqitshwe emhlabathini zingaphansi kokuguga / ukulungiswa. Okwezingxenye ezigqitshwe emhlabathini izidingo ezengeziwe nezinyathelo kufanele kubhekwe. Azikho izibopho ze-aluminium noma abaqhubi abangangcwatshwa emhlabathini. Uma insimbi engagqwali izongcwatshwa emhlabathini, kungasetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali ene-alloy ephezulu kuphela, isb. IStSt (V4A). Ngokuya ngezinga elijwayelekile laseJalimane i-DIN VDE 0151, iStSt (V2A) ayivunyelwe. Izingxenye zokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi njengemigoqo yokubopha ye-equipotential akudingeki ukuthi ibhekane nokuguga / ukulungiswa. Okufanayo kuyasebenza ezingxenyeni ezishumekiwe

ngokhonkolo. Lezi zingxenye ngakho-ke zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi engagxiliwe (emnyama).

Izinhlelo zokunqanyulwa komoya / izinduku zokunqamula umoya

Izinduku zokunqanyulwa komoya zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinhlelo zokuqeda umoya. Atholakala emiklamweni eminingi ehlukene, ngokwesibonelo ngobude obuyi-1 m bokufakwa ngosisekelo kakhonkolo ophahleni oluyisicaba, kuze kufike kumasisi wokuvikela umbani we-telescopic onobude obungu-25 m bezitshalo ze-biogas. I-EN 62561-2 icacisa izingxenye ezingaphansi zesiphambano nezinto ezivumelekile ezinezici ezihambelana zikagesi nezomshini zezinduku zokuphelisa umoya. Uma kwenzeka izinduku zokunqanyulwa komoya ezinokuphakama okukhudlwana, ukumelana okugoba kwenduku yokuphelisa umoya nokuqina kwezinhlelo eziphelele (induku yokuphelisa umoya ku-tripod) kufanele iqinisekiswe ngesibalo esimile. Izingxenye ezidingekayo zesiphambano nezinto zokwakha kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe

kulokhu kubalwa. Isivinini somoya wendawo efanelekile yokulayisha umoya kufanele futhi sibhekelwe nalokhu kubalwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye zokuxhuma

Izingxenye zokuxhuma, noma ezivame ukubizwa nje ngokuthi izibopho, zisetshenziswa njengezakhi zokuvikela umbani ukuxhuma abaqhubi (umqhubi ophansi, umqhubi wokunqamula umoya, ukungena komhlaba) komunye nomunye noma ekufakweni.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokumisa ngocingo kanye nocingo, inhlanganisela eningi yokuqina kungenzeka. Umzila wabaqhubi kanye nenhlanganisela yezinto ezibonakalayo kungenzeka zinqume kulokhu. Uhlobo lomzila womqhubi luchaza ukuthi i-clamp iwaxhuma kanjani ama-conductor ekuhlelweni kwesiphambano noma ngokufana.

Uma kwenzeka umthwalo wamanje wombani, izibopho zingaphansi kwamandla we-electrodynamic kanye ne-thermal ancike kakhulu ohlotsheni lomzila wabaqhubi nokuxhumeka kocingo. Ithebula 1 likhombisa izinto ezingahlanganiswa ngaphandle kokubanga ukugqwala koxhumana naye. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene komunye nomunye namandla azo ahlukile womshini nezakhiwo ezishisayo kunemiphumela ehlukile ezintweni zokuxhuma lapho umbani wamanje ugeleza ngawo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezintweni zokuxhuma zensimbi engagqwali (i-StSt) lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu enzeka ngenxa yokuhamba okuphansi ngokushesha lapho imibani yombani igeleza ngawo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwamanje kombani ngokuhambisana ne-EN 62561-1 kufanele kwenziwe kuzo zonke izibopho. Ukuze uvivinye icala elibi kakhulu, hhayi kuphela inhlanganisela yomqhubi ehlukile, kepha futhi nenhlanganisela yezinto ezichazwe ngumenzi kufanele ihlolwe.

Ukuhlolwa okususelwa kusibonelo se-MV clamp

Ekuqaleni, inani lezinhlanganisela zokuhlolwa kufanele linqunywe. Isigaxa se-MV esisetshenzisiwe senziwe ngensimbi engagqwali (i-StSt) ngakho-ke ingahlanganiswa nensimbi, i-aluminium, iStSt kanye nabaqhubi bezethusi njengoba kushiwo kuThebula 1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaxhunywa ekuhlelweni okunqamulelayo nokuhambisanayo okufanele futhi kuhlolwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinhlanganisela zokuhlolwa eziyisishiyagalombili ezingaba khona zesigaxa se-MV esisetshenzisiwe (Amanani 3 no-4).

Ngokuya nge-EN 62561 ngakunye kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa kufanele kuhlolwe kuma-specimens / test set-up amathathu afanelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlobo ezingama-24 zale ngxube eyodwa ye-MV kufanele zihlolwe ukumboza uhla oluphelele. Yonke isampula eyodwa ifakwe okwanele

ukuqinisa i-torque ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezijwayelekile futhi kubhekelwa ekugugeni okufakelwayo ngokusebenzisa inkungu kasawoti kanye nokwelashwa kwe-sulphurous atmosphere njengoba kushiwo ngenhla. Ukuhlolwa kukagesi okulandelayo izibonelo kufanele zifakwe epuletini lokuvikela (Umfanekiso 5).

Imishayo emithathu yamanje yombani we-10/350 μs shape wave nge-50 kA (umsebenzi ojwayelekile) kanye ne-100 kA (duty esindayo) isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ngemuva kokulayishwa ngombani wamanje, ama-specimens akumele akhombise izimpawu zomonakalo.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kukagesi lapho isampuli ingaphansi kwamandla we-electrodynamic uma kwenzeka umthwalo wamanje wombani, umthwalo we-static-mechanical wahlanganiswa kuzinga le-EN 62561-1. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-static-mechanical kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi kwizixhumi ezihambisanayo, izixhumi ze-longitudinal, njll. Futhi kwenziwa ngezinto ezihlukile zokuqhuba kanye nobubanzi bokuqina. Izingxenye zokuxhuma ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali zivivinywa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngomqhubi oyedwa wensimbi engenasici kuphela (indawo ebushelelezi ngokweqile). Izingxenye zokuxhuma, isibonelo isibopho se-MV esiboniswe ku-Figure 6, zilungiswa nge-torque yokuqinisa ebekiwe bese zilayishwa ngamandla aqine ka-900 N (± 20 N) ngomzuzu owodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi sokuhlolwa, abaqhubi akumele bahambise ngaphezu kwemilimitha eyodwa futhi izingxenye zokuxhuma akumele zibonise izimpawu zomonakalo. Lokhu kuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-static-mechanical kungenye indlela yokuhlola yezingxenye zokuxhuma futhi futhi kufanele kubhalwe embikweni wokuhlola womkhiqizi ngaphezu kwamanani kagesi.

Ukumelana koxhumana naye (kulinganiswa ngenhla kocingo) kocingo lwensimbi engagqwali akumele kweqe 2.5 mΩ noma 1 mΩ uma kwenzeka kunezinye izinto. I-torque yokudambisa edingekayo kufanele iqinisekiswe.

Ngenxa yalokho abafaki bezinhlelo zokuvikela umbani kufanele bakhethe izinto zokuxhuma zomsebenzi (H noma N) ezizolindeleka esizeni. Isibopho somsebenzi H (100 kA), ngokwesibonelo, kufanele sisetshenziselwe induku yokuphelisa umoya (umbani ogcwele) kanye nocingo lomsebenzi N (50 kA) kufanele usetshenziswe kumesh noma ekungeneni komhlaba (umbani wamanje usuhanjisiwe).

Izihambisi

I-EN 62561-2 futhi ibeka izimfuno ezikhethekile kubaqhubi abanjengokupheliswa komoya nokwehla kwabaqhubi noma ama-electrode omhlaba isib. Ama-electrode endandatho, isibonelo:

• Izici zemishini (amandla amancane wokuqina, ukunwebeka okuncane)
• Izakhiwo zikagesi (ubuningi bokulwa)
• Izakhiwo zokumelana nokugqwala (ukuguga okufakelwayo njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla).

Izici zemishini kufanele zivivinywe futhi zibhekwe. Umdwebo 8 ukhombisa ukusethwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwamandla okuqina kwabaqhubi abayindilinga (isb. I-aluminium). Ikhwalithi yokumboza (ebushelelezi, eqhubekayo) kanye nobukhulu obuncane kanye nokunamathela ezintweni eziyisisekelo kubalulekile futhi kufanele kuhlolwe ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezifana nensimbi yensimbi (St / tZn).

Lokhu kuchazwe kwizinga elijwayelekile ngesimo sokuhlolwa kokugoba. Ngale njongo, i-specimen igobile nge-radius elingana nezikhathi ezi-5 zobubanzi bayo iye engxenyeni ye-90 °. Ngokwenza njalo, i-specimen kungenzeka ingakhombisi imiphetho ebukhali, ukuphuka noma ukukhishwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezenziwa ngabaqhubi kuzoba lula ukuzicubungula lapho ufaka izinhlelo zokuvikela umbani. Izintambo noma imichilo (amakhoyili) kufanele aqondiswe kalula ngokusebenzisa i-wire straightener (i-guide pulleys) noma nge-torsion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube lula ukufaka / ukugoba izinto ezakhiweni noma enhlabathini. Lezi zidingo ezijwayelekile yizici zomkhiqizo ezifanele okumele zibhalwe kumashidi wedatha yomkhiqizo ahambisanayo wabakhiqizi.

Ama-electrode womhlaba / izinduku zomhlaba

Izinduku zomhlaba ezihlukaniswayo ze-LSP zenziwe ngensimbi ekhethekile futhi zishisiwe ngokuphelele noma ziqukethe insimbi engenasici engena-alloy ephezulu. Isihlanganisi esivumayo esivumela ukuxhumeka kwezinduku ngaphandle kokukhulisa ububanzi siyisici esikhethekile sezinduku zomhlaba. Yonke induku ihlinzeka ngokubhora nangokuphela kwephini.

I-EN 62561-2 icacisa izidingo zama-electrode womhlaba njengezinto ezibonakalayo, i-geometry, ubukhulu obuncane kanye nezakhiwo zomshini nezikagesi. Amalunga wokuhlanganisa axhumanisa izinduku ngamanye amaphuzu abuthakathaka. Ngalesi sizathu i-EN 62561-2 idinga ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo ezengeziwe zemishini nezikagesi ukuvivinya ikhwalithi yalezi zinhlanganisela ezihlanganayo.

Kulolu vivinyo, induku ifakwa kumhlahlandlela ngepuleti lensimbi njengendawo yomthelela. Lesi sibonelo siqukethe izinduku ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe ezinobude obungu-500 mm lilinye. Izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo ngalunye lwe-electrode yomhlaba zizohlolwa. Isiphetho esiphezulu sesifanekiso sithinteka ngesando sokudlidliza ngokufaka okwanele kwesando isikhathi semizuzu emibili. Izinga lokushaywa kwesando kufanele libe ngu-2000 ± 1000 min-1 kanti amandla okushaywa unhlangothi owodwa kumele abe ngu-50 ± 10 [Nm].

Uma lokhu kuhlanganiswa kudlulile kulokhu kuhlolwa ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okubonakalayo, kufakwa ukuguga okufakelwayo ngenkungu kasawoti nangokwelashwa kwe-sulphurous atmosphere. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuhlangana kulayishwa ngemibono emithathu yamanje yombani we-10/350 μs shape wave of 50 kA no-100 kA lilinye. Ukumelana koxhumana naye (okulinganiswa ngaphezu kokuhlanganiswa) kwezinsimbi zomhlaba zensimbi engagqwali akumele kweqe 2.5 mΩ. Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe ukuhlangana kwe-coupling kusaxhunywe ngokuqinile ngemuva kokufakwa kulomthwalo wamanje wombani, amandla okuhlanganisa ahlolwa ngomshini wokuhlola oqinile.

Ukufakwa kohlelo lokuvikela umbani olusebenzayo kudinga ukuthi kusetshenziswe izingxenye nezinsimbi ezihlolwe ngokwezinga lakamuva. Abafaki bezinhlelo zokuvikela umbani kufanele bakhethe futhi bafake kahle izinto ngokuya ngezidingo esizeni sokufaka. Ngaphezu kwezidingo zomshini, izindlela zikagesi zesimo sakamuva sokuvikelwa kombani kufanele zicatshangwe futhi zilandelwe.

Ukubalwa kwe-Line-to-Earth Short-Circuit yamanje

Ukulinganisa amasistimu wokuqeda umhlaba maqondana namandla

Ngale njongo, kufanele kuhlolwe izimo ezibi kakhulu. Kuzinhlelo ezinamandla aphakathi nendawo, iphutha lomhlaba ophindwe kabili kungaba icala elibaluleke kakhulu Iphutha lokuqala lomhlaba (isibonelo ku-transformer) lingadala iphutha lesibili lomhlaba kwesinye isigaba (ngokwesibonelo ikhebula lokufaka ikhebula elingalungile liphela ngohlelo lwamandla aphakathi nendawo). Ngokuya ngethebula 1 le-EN 50522 standard (Ukufaka izinto zamandla okudlula i-1 kV ac), iphutha eliphindwe kabili lomhlaba i-KE'EE, elichazwa kanjena, lizogeleza ngabaqhubi bomhlaba kuleli cala:

Mina “kEE = 0,85 • Mina“ k

(I “k = ezintathu-pole zokuqala ezilinganiswayo zamanje zesekethe zamanje)

Kokufakwa okungama-20 kV ne-I''k yokuqala yamasekhethi amafushane afanayo ayi-16 kA nesikhathi sokunqanyulwa komzuzwana owodwa, iphutha lamanje lomhlaba ophindwe kabili kungaba ngu-1 kA. Amandla wabaqhubi bomhlaba kanye namabhasi e-earthing esakhiweni sesiteshi noma ekamelweni lama-tansformer kufanele akalwe ngokuya ngaleli nani. Kulo mongo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kungacatshangelwa uma kwenzeka ukuhlelwa kwezindandatho (isici esingu-13.6 sisetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa). Ukuhlela kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kususelwe kudatha yangempela yohlelo (ukumiswa kwesistimu, i-line-to-earth short-circuit current, isikhathi sokunqanyulwa).

Izinga le-EN 50522 licacisa ubukhulu bamanje besikhashana esifushane G (A / mm2) sezinto ezihlukile. Ingxenye yesiphambano yomqhubi inqunywa kusukela kokuqukethwe nesikhathi sokunqanyulwa.

ukubalwa kwamanje manje sekuhlukaniswe ngobuningi bamanje G bezinto ezifanele kanye nesikhathi sokukhipha esihambelanayo kanye nesigaba esiphansi esiphambanweni A_imiz komqhubi kuzimisele.

A_imiz= Mina ”_{kEE (igatsha)} / G [mm²]

Isigaba esiphambanweni esibaliwe sivumela ukukhetha umqhubi. Lesi sigaba esinqamulelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi siqoqelwa esigabeni esiphambanweni esilandelayo esikhulu. Uma kwenzeka uhlelo olunxephezelwayo, ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba uqobo (ingxenye ethintana ngqo nomhlaba) lulayishwa ngomsinga ophansi kakhulu okungukuthi kuphela ngephutha lomhlaba elisele_E = rx I_RES incishiswe isici r. Lesi sikhathi samanje asidluli ku-10 A futhi singageleza unomphela ngaphandle kwezinkinga uma kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezivamile zokuwela umhlaba.

Izingxenye ezincane zesiphambano se-electrode yomhlaba

Izingxenye ezinqamulelayo eziphansi maqondana namandla womshini nokugqwala zichaziwe kumazinga ajwayelekile aseJalimane i-DIN VDE 0151 (Izinto nobukhulu obuncane bama-electrode omhlaba maqondana nokubola).

Ukulayishwa komoya uma kunezinhlelo ezizimele zokunqamula umoya ngokusho kwe-Eurocode 1

Izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ziyanda emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba. Imiphumela efana nokuvunguza komoya okuphezulu, inani elandayo leziphepho nemvula enamandla akunakushaywa indiva. Ngakho-ke, abaklami nabafaki bazobhekana nezinselelo ezintsha ikakhulukazi maqondana nemithwalo yomoya. Lokhu akuphazamisi izakhiwo zokwakha kuphela (ama-statics esakhiwo), kepha nezinhlelo zokuqeda umoya.

Emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kombani, amazinga we-DIN 1055-4: 2005-03 ne-DIN 4131 asetshenzisiwe njengesisekelo sokukala kuze kube manje. NgoJulayi 2012, la mazinga athathelwa indawo amaEurocode ahlinzeka ngemithetho yokwakhiwa eyakhiwe ngokulingana yaseYurophu (ukuhlela izakhiwo).

Izinga le-DIN 1055-4: 2005-03 lahlanganiswa ku-Eurocode 1 (EN 1991-1-4: Izenzo ezakhiweni - Ingxenye 1-4: Izenzo ezijwayelekile - Izenzo zomoya) ne-DIN V 4131: 2008-09 ku-Eurocode 3 ( EN 1993-3-1: Ingxenye 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys - Towers and masts). Ngakho-ke, lawa mazinga amabili akha isisekelo sokunciphisa amasistimu wokuqeda umoya wezinhlelo zokuvikela umbani, noma kunjalo, i-Eurocode 1 ibaluleke kakhulu.

Amapharamitha alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukubala umthwalo womoya ongalindeleka:

• Indawo yomoya (iJalimane ihlukaniswe yaba yizindawo ezine zomoya ezinezivinini zomoya ezahlukahlukene)
• Isigaba sendawo yomhlaba (izigaba zomhlaba zichaza ukuzungezwa kwesakhiwo)
• Ukuphakama kwento ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi
• Ukuphakama kwendawo (ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngokujwayelekile kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-800 ngaphezu kolwandle)

Ezinye izinto ezinomthelela njenge:

• Icing
• Beka endaweni enqenqemeni noma esiqongweni segquma
• Ukuphakama kwento okungaphezu kwama-300 m
• Ukuphakama komhlaba ngaphezu kwe-800 m (ulwandle)

kufanele ibhekelwe imvelo ethile yokufaka futhi kufanele ibalwe ngokuhlukile.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamapharamitha ahlukile kubangela isivunguvungu somoya esizosetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokunciphisa amasistimu wokuqeda umoya nokunye ukufakwa okufana nabaqhubi bendandatho abaphakeme. Kukhathalogi yethu, kucaciswa isivinini somoya omkhulu kakhulu ukuze imikhiqizo yethu ikwazi ukuthola inani elidingekayo lezisekelo zikakhonkolo ngokuya ngejubane lomoya onamandla, ngokwesibonelo uma kwenzeka kunezinhlelo ezizimele zokunqamula umoya. Lokhu akuvumeli kuphela ukunquma ukuzinza okungaguquguquki, kepha futhi ukunciphisa isisindo esidingekayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela umthwalo ophahleni.

Inothi elibalulekile:

“Isivinini esiphezulu somoya onamandla” esichazwe kuleli khathalogi lezinto ngazinye sanqunywa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zokubala zaseJalimane ze-Eurocode 1 (DIN EN 1991-1-4 / NA: 2010-12) ezisuselwa endaweni yomoya imephu yaseJalimane kanye nezici ezithile ezihlobene nezwe eziqondene nezwe.

Lapho usebenzisa imikhiqizo yale khathalogi kwamanye amazwe, imininingwane ethize yezwe nezinye izindlela zokubala ezisebenza endaweni, uma zikhona, ezichazwe ku-Eurocode 1 (EN 1991-1-4) noma kweminye imithethonqubo yokubala esetshenziswa endaweni (ngaphandle kwe-Europe) kuqashelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isivinini somoya omkhulu esishiwo kuleli khathalogi sisebenza kuphela eJalimane futhi simane simaqondana namanye amazwe. Ijubane lomoya onamandla kufanele lisanda kubalwa ngokuya ngezindlela zokubala eziqondene nezwe elithile!

Lapho ufaka izinduku zokunqamula umoya ezisekelweni zikakhonkolo, isivinini sokwaziswa / somoya osetafuleni kufanele sicatshangelwe. Lolu lwazi lusebenza ezintweni ezijwayelekile zokunqanyulwa komoya (i-Al, St / tZn, Cu neStSt).

Uma izinduku zokunqanda umoya zilungiswa ngokusebenzisa izikhala, izibalo zisuselwa kumathuba wokufaka angezansi.

Isivinini somoya esivunyelwe kakhulu sicaciselwa imikhiqizo efanele futhi kufanele sicatshangelwe ukukhethwa / ukufakwa. Amandla aphakeme kakhulu womshini angatholakala ngokusebenzisa isb ukusekelwa kwe-angled (ama-spacers amabili ahlelwe ngunxantathu) (ngokucela).