Ukubuka konke kwensimbi yokuvikelwa (i-AC ne-DC POWER, i-DATALINE, i-COAXIAL, i-GAS TUBES)

I-Surge Protection Device (noma i-surge suppressor noma i-surge diverter) iyisetshenziswa noma ithuluzi elenzelwe ukuvikela amadivayisi kagesi kuma-voltage spikes. Umvikeli wokuqhuma uzama ukukhawulela amandla kagesi ahlinzekwa kudivayisi kagesi ngokuvimba noma ngokunciphisa phansi noma yimaphi ama-voltages angafuneki ngaphezulu kombundu ophephile. Le ndatshana ixoxa ngokuningiliziwe nezakhi ezihambisana nohlobo lomvikeli oludlulisa (izikhindi) i-voltage spike phansi; noma kunjalo, kunokutholakala kwezinye izindlela.

Ibha yamandla enesivikeli sokuqhuma esakhelwe ngaphakathi nezitolo eziningi
Amagama athi device surge protection (SPD) kanye ne-transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS) asetshenziselwa ukuchaza amadivayisi kagesi afakwa kumaphaneli wokusabalalisa amandla, izinhlelo zokulawula inqubo, amasistimu wezokuxhumana, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zezimboni ezisindayo, ngenhloso yokuvikela ama-surges kagesi kanye nama-spikes, kufaka phakathi lawo adalwe umbani. Izinhlobo ezincishisiwe zalawa madivayisi kwesinye isikhathi zifakwa kumapaneli kagesi okungena izinsiza zokuhlala, ukuvikela okokusebenza komndeni ezingozini ezifanayo.

Uhlolojikelele lwedivayisi yokuvikelwa kwe-AC

Sibutsetelo se-Overvoltages Esikhashana

Abasebenzisi bemishini ye-elekthronikhi nezinhlelo zocingo nezokucutshungulwa kwedatha kumele babhekane nenkinga yokugcina le mishini isebenza naphezu kokuqubuka kwesikhashana okwenziwa umbani. Kunezizathu eziningana zaleli qiniso (1) izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe ezenza imishini ibe sengozini kakhulu, (2) ukuphazanyiswa kwensizakalo akwamukelekile (3) amanethiwekhi wokuhambisa idatha ahlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu futhi ahlangabezana nokuphazamiseka okuningi.

Ukweqiwa kwesikhashana kunezimbangela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

  • Isibani
  • Ama-surges wezimboni nokushintsha
  • Ukukhishwa kwe-Electrostatic (ESD)Ukubukwa kwe-ACImageoverview

Isibani

Umbani, ophenywe kusukela ocwaningweni lokuqala lukaBenjamin Franklin ngo-1749, ngokuxakile kube usongo olukhulayo emphakathini wethu osebenza ngobuchwepheshe.

Ukwakhiwa kombani

Umbani wenziwa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zokushaja okuphikisanayo, imvamisa phakathi kwamafu wesiphepho amabili noma phakathi kwefu elilodwa nomhlabathi.

Isibani singahamba amakhilomitha ambalwa, sidlulele emhlabathini ngokugxuma okulandelanayo: umholi udala isiteshi esine-ionized kakhulu. Lapho ifinyelela emhlabathini, ukukhanya kwangempela noma ukubuyela emuva kwenzeka. Okwamanje emashumini ezinkulungwane ze-Amperes kuzobe sekuhamba kusuka emhlabathini kuya efwini noma okuphambene nalokho ngesiteshi se-ionized.

Umbani oqondile

Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, kukhona ukugeleza kwamanje okugudlukayo okusukela ku-1,000 200,000 kuye ku-XNUMX Amperes peak, nesikhathi sokuvuka cishe kwama-microsecond ambalwa. Lo mphumela oqondile uyisici esincane ekulimaleni kwezinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi ngoba kutholakala kakhulu endaweni.
Ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu kuseyinduku yombani yakudala noma i-Lightning Protection System (LPS), eyenzelwe ukuthwebula okukhiphayo bese ikuyisa endaweni ethile.

Imiphumela engaqondile

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemiphumela yombani engaqondile:

Umthelela kulayini ongaphezulu

Olayini abanjalo bavezwa obala futhi bangashaywa ngqo umbani, ozoqala ngokucekela phansi noma uqede ngokuphelele izintambo, bese ubangela ukuqhuma okuphezulu okuhamba ngokwemvelo kuhambisana nabaqhubi kuya ezintweni ezixhunywe kulayini. Ubukhulu bomonakalo buxhomeke ebangeni eliphakathi kwesiteleka nemishini.

Ukwanda kwamandla omhlaba

Ukuhamba kombani emhlabathini kubangela ukwanda kwamandla komhlaba okuhluka ngokuya ngamandla wamanje kanye ne-impedance yomhlaba yangakini. Ekufakeni okungaxhunyaniswa nezizathu eziningana (isb. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhilidi), isiteleka sizodala umehluko omkhulu kakhulu ongaba khona kanye nemishini exhunywe kumanethiwekhi athintekile izobhujiswa noma iphazamiseke kakhulu.

Imisebe kagesi

I-flash ingathathwa njenge-eriyali ngamamayela amaningana ukuphakama ethwele umfutho wokushaywa kweshumi lama-kilo-amperes, kukhanya izinkambu ezinamandla kagesi (ama-kV / m amaningi ngaphezu kwe-1km). Lezi zinkambu zidala ukuqhuma okuqinile nemisinga emigqeni eseduze noma kwimishini. Amanani ancike ebangeni ukusuka ku-flash nezakhiwo zesixhumanisi.

Ukukhuphuka Kwezimboni
Ukukhuphuka kwezimboni kuhlanganisa into ebangelwa ukushintsha noma ukuvala imithombo yamandla kagesi.
Ukuqubuka kwezimboni kubangelwa:

  • Ukuqala kwama-motors noma ama-transformers
  • Iziqalisi ezikhanyayo ze-Neon ne-sodium
  • Ishintsha amanethiwekhi wamandla
  • Shintsha i- “bounce” kusifunda esingenayo
  • Ukusebenza kwama-fuse nama-breaker breaker
  • Izintambo zikagesi eziwayo
  • Oxhumana nabo abampofu noma abangena ngezikhathi ezithile

Lezi zimo ziveza ukuhamba kwe-kV eziningana ngezikhathi ezikhulayo zokuhleleka kwe-microsecond, imishini ephazamisayo kumanethiwekhi lapho umthombo wokuphazamiseka uxhunywe khona.

Ukweqa kwe-Electrostatic

Ngogesi, umuntu unekhono elisukela kuma-picofarads ayi-100 kuye kwangama-300 futhi angathatha imali engafinyelela ku-15kV ngokuhamba kukhaphethi, bese ethinta into ethile eqhutshwa bese ekhishwa kuma-microseconds ambalwa, anomsinga cishe wama-Amperes ayishumi . Zonke izifunda ezihlanganisiwe (i-CMOS, njll.) Zisengozini enkulu kulolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka, okuvame ukususwa ngokuvikela nokubeka phansi.

Imiphumela yama-Overvoltages

Ama-overvoltages anezinhlobo eziningi zemiphumela kuzinto ze-elektroniki ukuze kwehle ukubaluleka:

Ukubhujiswa:

  • Ukuwohloka kwe-Voltage kwezinhlaka ze-semiconductor
  • Ukubhujiswa kokubopha izingxenye
  • Ukubhujiswa kwamathrekhi ama-PCB noma oxhumana nabo
  • Ukucekelwa phansi kwezilingo / i-thyristors nge-dV / dt.

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza:

  • Ukusebenza okungahleliwe kwama-latches, ama-thyristors, nama-triacs
  • Ukususwa kwememori
  • Amaphutha ohlelo noma ukuphahlazeka
  • Amaphutha wedatha nokudluliswa

Ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi:

Izinto ezivezwe kuma-overvoltages zinempilo emfushane.

Amadivayisi Wokuvikelwa Okudlulele

Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukuqubuka (i-SPD) yisixazululo esaziwayo nesisebenzayo sokuxazulula inkinga ye-overvoltage. Ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu, noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngobungozi besicelo bese kufakwa ngokuya ngemithetho yobuciko.

Ukubukwa Kwedivayisi ye-DC Power Surge Protection

Ukucatshangelwa Kwangemuva Nokuvikelwa

Izinhlelo ze-Utility-Interactive noma i-Grid-Tie Solar Photovoltaic (PV) ziyimisebenzi ebiza kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu. Imvamisa zidinga ukuthi iSolar PV System isebenze amashumi ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi iveze imbuyiselo oyifunayo kutshalo-mali.
Abakhiqizi abaningi bazoqinisekisa impilo yohlelo engaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ngenkathi i-inverter ivame ukuqinisekiswa iminyaka engu-5-10 kuphela. Zonke izindleko nokubuyiselwa kutshalo-mali kubalwa ngokususelwa kulezi zikhathi zesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu amaningi we-PV awafinyeleli ekuvuthweni ngenxa yemvelo eveziwe yalezi zinhlelo nokuxhuma kwayo kubuyela kugridi yokusetshenziswa kwe-AC. Ukuhlelwa kwe-PV yelanga, nohlaka lwayo lwensimbi futhi kufakwe endaweni evulekile noma ophahleni lwendlu, kusebenza njengenduku yombani enhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukutshala imali ku-Surge Protective Device noma i-SPD ukuqeda lezi zingcuphe ezingaba khona futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlelo. Izindleko zohlelo oluphelele lokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka zingaphansi kuka-1% wesamba sezindleko zohlelo. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izinto eziyi-UL1449 4th Edition futhi eyi-Type 1 Component Assemblies (1CA) yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lunokuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu okutholakala emakethe.

Ukuhlaziya izinga eligcwele losongo lokufakwa, kufanele senze ukuhlolwa kobungozi.

  • Ingozi Yokusebenza Yokuphumula - Izindawo ezinombani omkhulu namandla okusetshenziswa okungazinzile zisengozini enkulu.
  • Ingozi Yokuxhumeka Kwamandla - Lapho kukhulu indawo engaphezulu ye-solar PV array, ukuvezwa kakhudlwana kokukhuphuka kombani okuqondile kanye / noma okwenziwe.
  • Ingozi Yendawo Engaphezulu Kwesicelo - Igridi yokusetshenziswa kwe-AC ingumthombo wokushintshwa kwezikhathi ezihamba kancane kanye / noma ukwenyuka kombani.
  • Ubungozi be-Geographic - Imiphumela yesikhathi sokuphumula sohlelo ayigcini ngokulinganiselwa ekubuyiselweni kwemishini. Ukulahleka okungeziwe kungavela kuma-oda alahlekile, abasebenzi abangawenzi umsebenzi, isikhathi esengeziwe, ukungeneliseki kwamakhasimende / abaphathi, ukusheshisa izindleko zempahla kanye nezindleko zokuthumela ezisheshayo.

Ncoma Imikhuba

1) Uhlelo lwendlebe

Abavikeli bama-Surge bagxumekisa okwehlela ohlelweni lokumisa umhlaba. Indlela ephansi yomgwaqo we-impedance, ngamandla afanayo, ibalulekile kubavikeli bokuqhuma ukuthi basebenze kahle. Zonke izinhlelo zamandla kagesi, izintambo zokuxhumana, izinto zensimbi ezisuselwe phansi nezingasetshenziswanga zidinga ukuqiniswa nge-equipotential ukuze uhlelo lokuvikela lusebenze kahle.

2) Ukuxhuma Okungaphansi Komhlaba kusuka ku-PV Array yangaphandle kuya ku-Electrical Control Equipment

Uma kunokwenzeka, ukuxhumana phakathi kweSolar PV Array yangaphandle nemishini yokulawula amandla yangaphakathi kufanele kube ngaphansi komhlaba noma kuvikelwe ngogesi ukunciphisa ubungozi beziteleka zombani eziqondile kanye / noma ukuhlangana.

3) Isikimu Sokuvikelwa Esihlanganisiwe

Wonke amanethiwekhi atholakalayo wamandla nezokuxhumana kufanele abhekwane nokuvikelwa kokuqhuma ukuqeda ubungozi besistimu ye-PV. Lokhu kungafaka ukunikezwa kwamandla okuyisisekelo kwe-AC, ukuphuma kwe-Inverter AC, okokufaka kwe-Inverter DC, isihlanganisi sezintambo ze-PV neminye imigqa yedatha / yesiginali ehlobene njengeGigabit Ethernet, i-RS-485, i-4-20mA loop yamanje, i-PT-100, i-RTD, ne amamodemu ocingo.

Ukubuka konke Kwedivayisi Yokuvikela Idatha

Ukubuka konke kwedatha

Amadivayisi wokuxhumana ngocingo kanye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha (i-PBX, amamodemu, ama-terminals wedatha, izinzwa, njll.) Asengozini yokuqhuma kombani. Sebezwela kakhudlwana, bayinkimbinkimbi futhi baba nobungozi obandayo kuma-surges abangelwa ngenxa yokuxhumana kwabo okungenzeka kumanethiwekhi amaningana ahlukahlukene. Lawa madivayisi abaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini zokuxhumana kanye nokwenziwa kolwazi. Njengalokhu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubanikeza umshwalense kule micimbi engabiza kakhulu futhi ephazamisayo. Isivikeli somugqa wedatha esifakwe ku-inthanethi, ngqo phambi kocezu lwezinto ezibucayi sizokhulisa impilo yabo futhi sigcine ukuqhubeka kokuhamba kolwazi lwakho.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvikela Abavikeli

Bonke abavikeli bezingcingo ze-LSP nezinsimbi zomugqa wedatha basuselwa kusifunda esinokwethenjelwa se-multistage hybrid esihlanganisa umsebenzi osindayo we-Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs) kanye ne-Silicon Avalanche Diode (SADs) ephendula ngokushesha. Lolu hlobo lwesifunda luhlinzeka,

  • I-5kA Ukuchithwa Kwamagama Kwamanje (izikhathi eziyi-15 ngaphandle kokubhujiswa nge-IEC 61643 ngayinye)
  • Zingaphansi kwezingu-1 izikhathi zokuphendula ze-nanosecond
  • Isistimu yokunqamula okuphephile ehlulekile
  • Idizayini ye-capacitance ephansi inciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali

Amapharamitha wokukhetha uMvikeli weSurge

Ukukhetha isivikeli sokukhuphuka esifanele sokufakwa kwakho, gcina okulandelayo engqondweni:

  • Okuzisholo kanye Maximum Line Voltages
  • Umugqa omkhulu wamanje
  • Inani lemigqa
  • Isivinini Sokudlulisa Idatha
  • Uhlobo Lwesixhumi (Screw Terminal, RJ, ATT110, QC66)
  • Ukukhweza (Din Rail, Surface Mount)

Ukufakwa

Ukuze usebenze kahle, umvikeli wokwanda kufanele afakwe ngokuya ngalezi zimiso ezilandelayo.

Iphuzu lomhlabathi lomvikeli wokuqhuma kanye nemishini evikelwe kumele lihlanganiswe.
Ukuvikelwa kufakwe ekungeneni kwensizakalo kokufakwa ukuze kuguqulwe umfutho wamanje ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umvikeli wokuqhuma kufanele afakwe eduze, ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-90 noma amamitha angama-30 kwimishini evikelwe. Uma lo mthetho ungenakulandelwa, kufanele kuvikelwe izivikeli zesekondari eziseduze nemishini.
Umqhubi womhlabathi (phakathi kokukhipha umhlaba kwesivikeli kanye nesekethe yokuhlanganisa ukufakelwa) kufanele ube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-1.5 noma amamitha angu-0.50) futhi ube nendawo enqamulelayo okungenani engama-2.5 mm isikwele.
Ukumelana nomhlaba kufanele kuhambisane nekhodi yendawo kagesi. Akukho mhlaba okhethekile odingekayo.
Izintambo ezivikelwe nezingavikelekile kufanele zigcinwe ziqhelelene kakhulu ukukhawulela ukuhlangana.

IZIMPAWU

Izincomo Zamazinga wokuhlola kanye nokufakwa kwabavikeli bezintambo zokuxhumana kumele bahambisane namazinga alandelayo:

I-UL497B: Abavikeli Bokuxhumana Kwedatha Nemijikelezo Yomlilo
I-IEC 61643-21: Ukuhlolwa Kwabavikeli Bokuqubuka Kwemigqa Yokuxhumana
IEC 61643-22; Ukukhetha / Ukufakwa Kwabavikeli Bokuqubuka Kwemigqa Yokuxhumana
I-NF EN 61643-21: Ukuhlolwa Kwabavikeli Bokuqubuka Kwemigqa Yokuxhumana
Umhlahlandlela we-UTE C15-443: Ukukhetha / Ukufakwa Kwama-Surge Protectors

Izimo Ezikhethekile: Izinhlelo Zokuvikela Umbani

Uma isakhiwo esizovikeleka sine-LPS (Uhlelo Lokuvikela Umbani), izivikeli zokuqhamuka kocingo noma imigqa yedatha efakwe emnyango wezinsizakalo zezakhiwo kumele ihlolwe kufomu lomsakazo oqonde ngqo ku-10 / 350us ubuncane ukwanda kwamanje kwe-2.5kA (ukuhlolwa kwesigaba se-D1 IEC-61643-21).

Ukubuka konke kwe-Coaxial Surge Protection Device

Ukuvikelwa Kwensiza Yokuxhumana Nomsakazo

Imishini yokuxhumana ngomsakazo efakwe ezinhlelweni ezingaguquki, ezifudukayo noma ezisebenza ngomakhalekhukhwini isengozini enkulu yeziteleka zombani ngenxa yesicelo sayo ezindaweni eziveziwe. Ukuphazamiseka okuvame kakhulu ekuqhubekekeni kokuqhubeka kwensizakalo kubangelwa ukuqhuma kwesikhashana okuvela ezitelekeni zombani eziqonde ngqo esigxotsheni se-antenna, uhlelo lomhlabathi oluzungezile noma okuxhunywe ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwalezi zindawo zombili.
Izisetshenziswa zomsakazo ezisetshenziselwa iziteshi ezisebenza ngama-CDMA, i-GSM / UMTS, i-WiMAX noma i-TETRA baseziteshini, kumele zibheke le ngozi ukuze ziqinisekise insizakalo engaphazanyiswa. I-LSP inikeza ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokuvikela ukuqhuma kwemigqa yezokuxhumana yeRadio Frequency (RF) efaneleke ngokwazo izidingo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kohlelo ngalunye.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvikela Ubuchwepheshe be-RF
Ukuvikelwa kweGesi Tube DC Pass
Uchungechunge lwe-P8AX

I-Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) DC Pass Protection iyona kuphela ingxenye yokuvikela ukuqhuma esetshenziswayo ekudlulisweni kwemvamisa ephezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-6 GHz) ngenxa yamandla aphansi kakhulu. Kumvikeli we-GDT osuselwa ku-coaxial surge, i-GDT ixhunywe ngokufana phakathi komqhubi ophakathi nendawo nesihlangu sangaphandle. Idivayisi isebenza lapho kufinyelelwa amandla ayo we-sparkover, ngesikhathi sesimo sevoltage futhi ulayini ufushaniswa kafushane (i-arc voltage) futhi iphambukiswa kude nemishini ebucayi. Amandla we-sparkover ancike ekuphakameni ngaphambili kwe-overvoltage. Ukuphakama kwe-dV / dt ye-overvoltage, kuphakamisa amandla we-sparkover womvikeli wokukhuphuka. Lapho i-overvoltage inyamalala, ithubhu lokukhipha igesi libuyela esimeni salo esijwayelekile, esimweni sokuvikela kakhulu futhi selikulungele ukusebenza futhi.
I-GDT ibanjwe kumnikazi oklanyelwe ngokukhethekile okwandisa ukuqhutshwa ngesikhathi semicimbi emikhulu yokwanda futhi isasuswa kalula uma kudingwa ukugcinwa ngenxa yokuphela kwesimo sempilo. Uchungechunge lwe-P8AX lungasetshenziswa kumalayini we-coaxial asebenzisa imishanguzo ye-DC kuze kufike ku - / + 48V DC.

Ukuvikelwa kweHybrid
DC Pass - CXF60 uchungechunge
I-DC ivinjiwe - Uchungechunge lwe-CNP-DCB

IHybrid DC Protection Protection iyinhlangano yezinto zokuhlunga kanye nehubhu yokukhipha igesi esindayo (GDT). Lo mklamo uhlinzeka ngensalela esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu evumela ukuphazanyiswa kwemvamisa ephansi ngenxa yezikhathi zikagesi futhi isanikeza amandla aphezulu wokukhipha amandla wamanje.

Ukuvikelwa okuvinjiwe kwe-Quarter Wave DC
Uchungechunge lwe-PRC

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Quarter Wave DC okuvinjiwe kuyisihlungi sebhendi esisebenzayo. Ayinazo izinto ezisebenzayo. Kunalokho umzimba nesiqu esihambisanayo kulungiswa ikota eyodwa yobude begagasi obufunayo. Lokhu kuvumela kuphela ibhendi yemvamisa ethize ukudlula kule yunithi. Njengoba umbani usebenza kuphela kububanzi obuncane kakhulu, kusuka kumakhulu ambalwa kHz kuye kwi-MHz embalwa, wona nawo wonke amanye amaza afinyelelwa phansi. Ubuchwepheshe be-PRC bungakhethwa ibhendi encane kakhulu noma ibhendi ebanzi ngokuya ngohlelo. Umkhawulo kuphela wokuqhuma kwamanje uhlobo lwesixhumi oluhambisanayo. Imvamisa, isixhumi se-7/16 Din singaphatha i-100kA 8 / 20us ngenkathi isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N singaphatha kufika ku-50kA 8 / 20us.

I-Coaxial-Surge-Protection-Overview

IZIMPAWU

UL497E - Abavikeli be-Antenna Lead-in Conductors

Amapharamitha wokukhetha uMvikeli we-Coaxial Surge

Imininingwane edingekayo ukukhetha kahle isivikeli sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza yile elandelayo:

  • imvamisa Range
  • I-Line Voltage
  • Uhlobo loxhumano
  • Uhlobo lobulili
  • obandayo
  • Ubuchwepheshe

UKUFAKA

Ukufakwa kahle kwesivikeli se-coaxial surge ikakhulukazi kuncike ekuxhumekeni kwayo nesistimu yokumisa impedance ephansi. Le mithetho elandelayo kufanele iqashelwe ngokuqinile:

  • Isistimu ye-Equipotential Grounding: Bonke abaqhubi bokubopha kokufakwa kufanele baxhumane babuye baxhumeke emuva ohlelweni lokuqinisa.
  • Ukuxhuma Okuphansi Kwe-Impedance: Isivikeli se-coaxial surge kufanele sibe nokuxhuma okuphansi kokumelana nohlelo lweGround.

Uhlolojikelele Lokukhishwa Kwegesi

Ukuvikelwa Kwezingxenye Zezinga Lebhodi lePC

Imishini ye-elektroniki yanamuhla esekwe ku-microprocessor isengozini enkulu yokushaywa ngamandla ombane kanye nokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ngoba sekuzwela kakhulu, futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuvikela ngenxa yobuningi be-chip density, imisebenzi ye-logic kanambambili nokuxhumeka kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene. Lawa madivayisi abaluleke kakhulu enkampanini yezokuxhumana kanye nokwenziwa kwemininingwane yenkampani futhi ngokujwayelekile angaba nomthelela entweni engezansi; ngenxa yalokho kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayayilwa nale micimbi engabiza kakhulu futhi ephazamisayo. I-Tube Discharge Tube noma i-GDT ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye ezimele noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izinto ukwenza isekethe yokuvikela izindawo eziningi - ithubhu legesi lisebenza njengengxenye ephezulu yokuphatha amandla. Ama-GDT ajwayele ukufakwa ekuvikelekeni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwamandla kagesi wezokuxhumana kanye nedatha ngenxa yamandla aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, banikela ngezinzuzo ezikhanga kakhulu kulayini wamandla we-AC kufaka phakathi ukungabi khona kwamanje okuvuza, ukuphathwa kwamandla aphezulu nokuphela okungcono kwezimpawu zokuphila.

GAS UKUKHIPHA ISIKHUNGO SOBUCHULE

Ishubhu lokukhipha igesi lingathathwa njengohlobo lweswishi eshesha kakhulu enezimpawu zokuziphatha ezishintsha ngokushesha okukhulu, lapho kwenzeka ukuwohloka, kusuka kusekhethi evulekile kuya kusifunda esifushane se-quasi (i-arc voltage engaba ngu-20V). Kunezizinda ezine ezisebenzayo ekuziphatheni kweshubhu yokukhipha igesi:
gdt_amalebula

I-GDT ingahle ibhekwe njengoshintshi osebenzayo osheshayo owenza izinto ezishintsha ngokushesha okukhulu lapho kwenzeka ukuwohloka futhi kuguquke kusuka kusekethe evulekile kuye kwesekhethi esifushane se-quasi. Umphumela uba yi-arc voltage engaba ngu-20V DC. Kunezigaba ezine zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba ishubhu lishintshe ngokuphelele.

  • Isizinda esingasebenzi: Sifaniswa nokumelana kokuqina okungapheli.
  • Isizinda esikhanyayo: Ekuwohlokeni, ukuqhutshwa kwenyuka ngokuzumayo. Uma i-current ikhishwa yipayipi lokukhishwa kwegesi lingaphansi kuka-0.5A (inani elibi elihluka kusuka entweni kuya kwengxenye), amandla kagesi aphansi kuwo wonke amatheminali azoba kuhla luka-80-100V.
  • Umbuso we-Arc: Njengoba ukwanda kwamanje, ishubhu lokukhipha igesi lisuka kumandla aphansi liye kumandla we-arc (20V). Yilesi sizinda lapho ithumbu lokukhipha igesi lisebenza kakhulu ngoba ukukhishwa kwamanje kungafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana zama-amperes ngaphandle kwamandla we-arc kuwo wonke amatheminali okhulayo.
  • Ukuqothulwa: Emandleni we-bias acishe alingane namandla aphansi, ithubhu lokukhipha igesi lihlanganisa izakhiwo zalo zokuqala zokuvikela.

gdt_graphUkucushwa kwe-3-Electrode

Ukuvikela ulayini wezintambo ezimbili (ngokwesibonelo izithandani zocingo) ezinamashubhu amabili okhipha igesi ngama-2-electrode kungadala inkinga elandelayo:
Uma ulayini ovikelekile ubhekane nokukhokhiswa ngokweqile kwimodi ejwayelekile, ukusabalala kwama-spark overvoltages (+/- 20%), elinye lamashubhu okukhipha igesi aqubuka isikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngaphambi kwelinye (imvamisa ama-microsecond ambalwa), I-wire ephethe i-spark over ngakho-ke isisekelo (ukunganaki izintambo ze-arc), kuguqula ukuqhuma kwemodi ejwayelekile kube yimodi ehlukanisayo yemodi. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kwimishini evikelwe. Ubungozi buyanyamalala lapho ipayipi lesibili lokukhipha igesi ligobhoza ngaphezulu (ama-microsecond ambalwa kamuva).
I-geometry engu-3-electrode iqeda le nkinga. Inhlansi yesigxobo esisodwa ibangela ukuwohloka okuvamile kwedivayisi cishe ngokushesha (ama-nanosecond ambalwa) ngoba kunendawo eyodwa kuphela ebiyelwe egcwele igesi ehlala wonke ama-electrode athintekile.

Ukuphela kokuPhila

Amashubhu okukhipha igesi aklanyelwe ukumelana nemicabango eminingi ngaphandle kokubhujiswa noma ukulahleka kwezimpawu zokuqala (ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokushaywa yizikhathi eziyishumi x x 10kA impulse ngayinye).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsinga ophakeme kakhulu, okungukuthi ama-10A rms amasekhondi ayi-15, ngokulingisa ukuphuma kulayini wamandla we-AC kulayini wezokuxhumana futhi kuzosusa i-GDT ngokushesha.

Uma ukuphela kwempilo okungaphephile kuphephile, isb. Isifunda esifushane esizobika iphutha kumsebenzisi wokugcina lapho kutholwa iphutha, kulindeleke ukuthi kukhethwe ithubhu yokukhipha igesi enesici se-safe-safe (yangaphandle short-circuit) .

Ukukhetha Ishubhu Lokukhishwa Kwegesi

  • Imininingwane edingekayo ukukhetha kahle isivikeli sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza yile elandelayo:
    Inhlansi ye-DC ngaphezulu kwamandla kagesi (Volts)
  • I-Ipulse spark phezu kwe-voltage (Ama-Volts)
  • Ukukhipha umthamo wamanje (kA)
  • Izinto zokuvala umoya ukumelana (Gohms)
  • Amandla (pF)
  • Ukukhweza (Intaba Engaphezulu, Ukuhola Okujwayelekile, Ukuhola Ngokwezifiso, Isiphathi)
  • Ukupakisha (I-Tape & Reel, i-Ammo pack)

Ububanzi be-DC spark ngaphezu kwamandla atholakalayo:

  • Ubuncane obungu-75V
  • Isilinganiso esingu-230V
  • I-Voltage ephezulu 500V
  • I-Voltage Ephakeme Kakhulu eyi-1000 kuye ku-3000V

* Ukubekezelelana kumbane wokuwohloka ngokuvamile +/- 20%

ishadi_lishadi
Ukukhishwa Kwamanje

Lokhu kuncike ezakhiweni zegesi, ivolumu kanye nezinto ze-electrode kanye nokwelashwa kwayo. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko se-GDT futhi esiyihlukanisa nenye insiza yokuvikela, okungukuthi i-Varistors, i-Zener Diode, njll... Leli yinani ithubhu yokukhipha igesi engamelana nayo kaninginingi (ubuncane bezifiso eziyishumi) ngaphandle kokubhujiswa noma ukuguqulwa kokucaciswa kwayo okuyisisekelo.

Umfutho Sparkover Voltage

Inhlansi phezu kwamandla ebukhoneni obungaphambili (dV / dt = 1kV / us); inhlansi yomfutho ngaphezulu kokukhuphuka kwamandla nge-dV / dt ekhulayo.

Izinto Zokuvala Ukumelana kanye Capacitance

Lezi zici zenza ithubhu lokukhipha igesi licishe lingabonakali phakathi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza. Ukumelana nokufakwa kuphezulu kakhulu (> 10 Gohm) ngenkathi i-capacitance iphansi kakhulu (<1 pF).

IZIMPAWU

Izincomo Zamazinga wokuhlola kanye nokufakwa kwabavikeli bezintambo zokuxhumana kufanele bahambisane namazinga alandelayo:

  • I-UL497B: Abavikeli Bokuxhumana Kwedatha Nemijikelezo Yomlilo

UKUFAKA

Ukuze usebenze kahle, umvikeli wokwanda kufanele afakwe ngokuya ngalezi zimiso ezilandelayo.

  • Iphuzu lomhlabathi lomvikeli wokuqhuma kanye nemishini evikelwe kumele lihlanganiswe.
  • Ukuvikelwa kufakwe ekungeneni kwensizakalo kokufakwa ukuze kuguqulwe umfutho wamanje ngokushesha okukhulu.
  • Umvikeli wokuqhuma kufanele afakwe eduze, ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-90 noma amamitha angama-30 kwimishini evikelwe. Uma lo mthetho ungenakulandelwa, kufanele kuvikelwe izivikeli zesekondari eziseduze nemishini
  • Umqhubi we-grounding (phakathi kokukhipha umhlaba komvikeli kanye nesekethe yokubopha ukufakwa) kufanele abe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka (angaphansi kwamamitha angu-1.5 noma amamitha angu-0.50) futhi abe nendawo enqamulelayo okungenani engama-2.5 mm ayisikwele.
  • Ukumelana nomhlaba kufanele kuhambisane nekhodi yendawo kagesi. Akukho mhlaba okhethekile odingekayo.
  • Izintambo ezivikelwe nezingavikelekile kufanele zigcinwe ziqhelelene kakhulu ukukhawulela ukuhlangana.

isondlo

Amashubhu wokukhipha igesi we-LSP awadingi ukunakekelwa noma ukubuyiselwa esikhundleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Zenzelwe ukumelana nemisinga yokwanda ephindaphindayo, esindayo ngaphandle kokulimala.
Noma kunjalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlela isimo esibi kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu; I-LSP yakhelwe ukushintshwa kwezakhi zokuvikela lapho kusebenza khona. Isimo somvikeli womugqa wakho wedatha singahlolwa ngemodeli ye-LSP SPT1003. Le yunithi yakhelwe ukuvivinya i-DC spark ngaphezulu kwamandla kagesi, ukuqhuma kwamandla kanye nokuqhubeka kolayini (ngokuzithandela) kwesivikeli sokuqhuma. I-SPT1003 iyunithi ehlanganisiwe, ecindezelwayo ene-digital display. Ububanzi bamandla womhloli ngama-volts angama-0 kuye kwayi-999. Ingavivinya izinto ngazinye ezifana nama-GDT's, ama-diode, ama-MOV noma amadivayisi azimele wodwa enzelwe izinhlelo ze-AC noma ze-DC.

IZIMO EZIKHETHEKILE: IZINHLELO ZOKUVIKELWA KOKUKHANYA

Uma isakhiwo esizovikeleka sine-LPS (i-Lightning Protection System), izivikeli zokwenyuka kwe-telecom, izintambo zedatha noma izintambo zamandla ze-AC ezifakwe emnyango wezinsizakalo zezakhiwo kumele zihlolwe ngombono oqondile we-10 / 350us waveform ngesilinganiso samanje esinyukayo se-2.5kA (ukuhlolwa kwesigaba se-D1 IEC-61643-21).