Ukuvikelwa Kwedivayisi yedivayisi ye-SPD

I-Surge Protection Device SPD ibizwa nangokuthi i-surge arrester, Zonke izivikeli zokwenyuka ngenhloso ethile empeleni ziluhlobo lokushintsha okusheshayo, futhi isivikeli sokuvulwa sisebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lamandla kagesi. Ngemuva kokusebenza, ingxenye yokucindezela yomvikeli wokuqhuma izonqanyulwa kwisimo se-impedance ephezulu, bese isigxobo se-L sizophendulwa isimo sokumelana okuphansi. Ngale ndlela, kungavuleka umsinga wamandla wasendaweni kudivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yombani, isivikeli sokukhuphuka sizogcina amandla kagesi aqhamuka njalo esigxotsheni. Le voltage iqinisekisa ukuthi isivikeli sokuqhuma sihlala sikhona futhi singakhipha ngokuphepha amandla wokuqhuma emhlabeni. Ngamanye amagama, abavikeli be-surge bavikela imishini ye-elektroniki ebucayi emiphumeleni yemicimbi yombani, ukushintsha umsebenzi kugridi yomphakathi, izinqubo zokulungisa izinto zamandla, namanye amandla akhiqizwa imisebenzi yesikhashana yangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Isicelo

Umbani unezinsongo ezisobala ekuphepheni komuntu futhi ubeka engcupheni kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Umonakalo wamandla wokuqhuma kwamandla emishini awukhawulelwanga ngqo umbani ushaya. Iziteleka zombani oseduze zibeka engcupheni enkulu imishini yesimanje ebucayi yogesi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi wombani kude nokukhipha phakathi kwezulu lokuduma kwezulu kungadala imisinga yokungena ngamandla ekunikezelweni kwamandla nasentanjeni yesiginali, ukuze imishini yokugeleza ejwayelekile ijwayelekile. Qalisa futhi unciphise impilo yemishini. Umbani wamanje ugeleza emhlabeni ngenxa yokuba khona kokumelana nomhlabathi, okwenza i-voltage ephezulu. Le voltage ephezulu ayigcini ngokufaka engozini imishini ye-elekthronikhi kodwa futhi ibeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni ngenxa yamandla esinyathelo.

Ukukhuphuka, njengoba igama liphakamisa ukuthi kungukuvuthwa kwesikhashana okudlula amandla evamile okusebenza. Ngamafuphi, isivikeli sokuqhuma kungukushaya ngamandla okunobudlova okwenzeka ezigidini ezimbalwa nje zesekhondi futhi kungadala ama-surges: imishini esindayo, amasekhethi amafushane, ukushintshwa kwamandla, noma izinjini ezinkulu. Imikhiqizo equkethe ama-surge arresters ingabamba ngempumelelo ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kwamandla ukuvikela imishini exhunyiwe ekulimaleni.

Isivikeli sokukhuphuka, esibizwa nangokuthi isibani sombani, iyithuluzi elenza ngogesi elinikeza ukuvikeleka kwezokuphepha kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi, okokusebenza, kanye nolayini bokuxhumana. Lapho kungazelelwe amandla amanje noma amandla kagesi entanjeni kagesi noma kulayini wokuxhumana ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, isivikeli sokukhuphuka singaqhuba i-shunt ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ukulimala kweminye imishini esekisini ngokuqhuma.

Izici eziyisisekelo

Umvikeli wokukhuphuka unesilinganiso esikhulu sokugeleza, amandla okusala aphansi nesikhathi sokuphendula esheshayo;

Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokucisha i-arc yakamuva ukugwema ngokuphelele imililo;

Isifunda sokuvikelwa kwesilawuli sokushisa esinokuvikelwa okushisayo okwakhelwe ngaphakathi;

Ngesimo sesimo samandla esibonisa isimo sokusebenza somvikeli wokuqhuma;

Isakhiwo sinzima futhi umsebenzi uzinzile futhi unokwethenjelwa.

Amatemu

1, uhlelo lokuqeda umoya

Abavikeli bokuqubuka basetshenziselwa izinto zensimbi nezakhiwo zensimbi ezamukela ngqo noma ukumelana neziteleka zombani, njengezinti zombani, amabhande okuvikela umbani (imigqa), amanetha okuvikela umbani, njll.

2, Down umqhubi uhlelo

Umvikeli wokuqhuma uxhuma umqhubi wensimbi we-receptor lightning kudivayisi yomhlabathi.

3, uhlelo lokuqedwa komhlaba

Isamba se-electrode yomhlaba kanye nomqhubi womhlaba.

4, i-electrode yomhlaba

Umqhubi wensimbi ogqitshwe emhlabathini oxhumana ngqo nomhlaba. Eyaziwa nangokuthi isigxobo sokubeka phansi. Amalungu wensimbi ahlukahlukene, izinsimbi, amapayipi wensimbi, imishini yensimbi, njll. Ethinta umhlaba ngqo ingasebenza njenge-Earth electrode, ebizwa nge-Earth electrode yemvelo.

5, Umqhubi womhlaba

Xhuma izintambo zokuxhuma noma izihambisi zedivayisi yokugxila kusuka esikhumulweni sokumisa imishini kagesi kuya ezintanjeni zokuxhuma noma abaqhubi bensimbi yensimbi evela ezintweni zensimbi ezidinga ukuqiniswa kwe-equipotential, i-terminal yokwakha ingqikithi, ibhodi lesifinyezo sokwakha bar, nokubopha kwe-equipotential.

6, Ukukhanya kombani okuqondile

Ukushaya kombani okuqondile ezintweni zangempela ezifana nezakhiwo, umhlaba noma amadivayisi wokuvikela umbani.

7, Emuva flashover

Umbani wamanje udlula endaweni yokubeka phansi noma isistimu yokubeka phansi ukudala ushintsho kumandla omhlaba wesifunda. Ukuhlaselwa okungahle kwenzeke phansi kungadala ushintsho kumandla wohlelo lokumisa phansi, olungadala ukulimala ezintweni zikagesi nakwimishini kagesi.

8, uhlelo lokuvikela umbani (LPS)

Abavikeli bezinga eliphezulu banciphisa umonakalo odalwe umbani ezakhiweni, ukufakwa, njll., Kufaka phakathi amasistimu wokuvikela umbani wangaphandle nangaphakathi.

8.1 Uhlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphandle

Ingxenye yokuvikela umbani engaphandle noma emzimbeni wesakhiwo. Umvikeli wokuqhuma uvame ukuba nomamukeli wombani, umqhubi ophansi kanye nedivayisi yokuvikela ukuvimba imibani ngqo.

8.2 Uhlelo lokuvikela umbani wangaphakathi

Ingxenye yokuvikela umbani ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo (isakhiwo), isivikeli sokuqhuma ngokuvamile siqukethe uhlelo lokuxhuma lwe-equipotential, uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuvikela umhlaba, uhlelo lokuvikela, izintambo ezinengqondo, isivikeli sokukhuphuka, njll., Esisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa nokuvimbela umbani njengamanje Umphumela kagesi okhiqizwe isikhala esivikelayo.

Analysis

Izinhlekelele zombani zingenye yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu. Kunokulimala okungenakubalwa nokulahleka kwempahla okubangelwa izinhlekelele zombani minyaka yonke emhlabeni. Ngenani elikhulu lezicelo zamadivayisi ahlanganisiwe kagesi nawezobuchwepheshe obuncane be-elektroni, ukulimala kwezinhlelo nemishini ebangelwe ukuqhuma kombani nombani oshaya ngamandla kagesi kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvikela izinhlekelele zombani wezakhiwo nezinhlelo zolwazi ngogesi ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukukhishwa kombani wokuvikela umbani kungenzeka phakathi kwamafu noma amafu, noma phakathi kwamafu nomhlabathi; ngaphezu kokuqhuma kwangaphakathi okubangelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziningi zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu, uhlelo lokuphakela ugesi (uhlelo olujwayelekile lwamandla kagesi aseChina: AC 50Hz 220 / 380V) kanye nomthelela wemishini kagesi nokuvikelwa kombani nokuqhuma sekugxilwe kakhulu kubo.

Isiteleka sombani esiphakathi kwefu nomhlabathi womvikeli wokuqhuma siqukethe umbani owodwa noma eminingana ehlukene, ngalinye liphethe imisinga eminingi ephakeme kakhulu enesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ukukhishwa kombani okujwayelekile kuzofaka phakathi imibani emibili noma emithathu yombani, cishe amashumi amabili nanye wesekhondi phakathi kwesiteleka sombani ngasinye. Imisinga eminingi yombani iwela phakathi kwama-amps ayi-10,000 100,000 kuya ku-100, futhi ubude bayo ngokuvamile bungaphansi kwama-microseconds ayi-XNUMX.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yamandla amakhulu kanye nemishini ye-inverter ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla wokuvikela amandla okulethwe kulethe inkinga ebucayi yangaphakathi yokwanda. Sikubeka emiphumeleni ye-overvoltage yesikhashana (TVS). Ububanzi obuvumelekile bamandla okuhambisa ugesi bukhona kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enikwe amandla. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nokushaqeka okuncane kakhulu kwe-overvoltage kungadala amandla noma ukulimala kwempahla. Lokhu kunjalo ngomonakalo wesikhashana we-overvoltage (TVS). Ikakhulukazi kweminye imishini ye-microelectronic ebucayi, kwesinye isikhathi ukwanda okuncane kungadala umonakalo.

Ngezidingo eziya ngokuqina zokuvikelwa kombani kwemishini ehlobene, ukufakwa kweSurge Protection Device (SPD) ukucindezela ama-surges kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhashana kulayini kanye nokwedlulele kulayini we-bleeder sekuyinto ebalulekile yetheknoloji yesimanje yokuvikela umbani. eyodwa.

1, izici zombani

Ukuvikelwa kombani kufaka ukuvikelwa kombani wangaphandle nokuvikelwa kombani kwangaphakathi. Ukuvikelwa kombani kwangaphandle kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izamukeli zombani (izinduku zombani, amanetha okuvikela umbani, amabhande okuvikela umbani, izintambo zokuvikela umbani), ama-conductor phansi nezinsimbi zokubeka phansi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womvikeli wokuqhuma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wokwakha uvikelwe ezitelekeni zombani eziqondile. Amabhawodi ombani angahlasela isakhiwo akhishelwa emhlabeni ngezinduku zombani (amabhande, amanetha, izintambo), ama-conductor aphansi, njll. Ukuvikelwa kombani kwangaphakathi kufaka phakathi ukuvikelwa kombani, ukuqhuma kolayini, ukulwa namandla okuhlasela komhlaba, ukungena kwamaza ombane, kanye ne-electromagnetic ne-electrostatic lokungeniswa. Le ndlela isuselwa ekuhlanganisweni kwe-equipotential, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana okuqondile nokuxhuma okungaqondile nge-SPD, ukuze umzimba wensimbi, ulayini wemishini nomhlaba wakhe umzimba onemibandela we-equipotential, futhi izinsiza zangaphakathi zivaliwe futhi zenziwe umbani namanye ama-surges. Umbani wamanje noma wokuqhuma ukhishelwa emhlabeni ukuvikela ukuphepha kwabantu nemishini esakhiweni.

Umbani ubonakala ngokukhuphuka kwamandla okusheshayo (ngaphakathi kwama-10μs), amandla aphezulu aphezulu (amashumi ezinkulungwane kuya ezigidini zama-volts), amandla amakhulu wamanje (amashumi kuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-amps), nobude besikhashana (amashumi kuya kwamakhulu ama-microseconds)), isivinini sokudlulisa siyashesha (sidlulisa ngejubane lokukhanya), amandla makhulu kakhulu, futhi yiyona ecekela phansi kakhulu phakathi kwamavolontiya wokuqhuma.

2, ukuhlukaniswa kwabavikeli bokuqhuma

I-SPD iyisidingo esibalulekile sokuvikela umbani wezinto zobuchwepheshe. Umsebenzi wawo ukukhawulela ukuqhuma ngamandla kwentambo kagesi nomugqa wokudlulisela isignali ebangeni lamandla okwehlula imishini noma uhlelo, noma ukukhipha umbani onamandla njengamanje emhlabathini. Vikela okokusebenza okuvikelwe noma amasistimu kokushaqekayo.

2,1 Ukwahlukaniswa ngomgomo osebenzayo

Kuhlukaniswe ngokwesimiso sabo sokusebenza, i-SPD ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lokushintsha kwamandla kagesi, uhlobo lomkhawulo wamandla kagesi nohlobo lwenhlanganisela.

(1) I-Voltage switch type SPD. Ekungabikho kwe-overvoltage yesikhashana, kukhombisa impedance ephezulu. Lapho nje iphendula umbane okweqisa okweqile, impedance yayo iguquka ibe yimpedance ephansi, ivumela umbani wamanje ukuthi udlule, owaziwa nangokuthi "short-circuit switch type SPD".

(2) Ingcindezi ekhawulela i-SPD. Uma kungekho ukugeleza kwesikhashana okudlulayo, kuba yimpedance ephezulu, kepha njengoba ukwanda kwamanje namandla kagesi kukhuphuka, impedance yayo izoqhubeka nokuncipha, futhi izici zayo zamanje nezamandla kagesi azilingani ngokuqinile, kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi “uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-SPD”.

(3) I-SPD ehlanganisiwe. Kuyinhlanganisela yengxenye yohlobo lokushintsha kwamandla kagesi kanye nohlobo lwento ekhawulela amandla kagesi, engakhonjiswa njengohlobo lokushintsha kwamandla kagesi noma uhlobo olukhawulela amandla kagesi noma zombili, ngokuya ngezimpawu zevolthi esetshenzisiwe.

2.2 Ukwahlukaniswa ngenhloso

Ngokusho kokusebenzisa kwabo, i-SPD ingahlukaniswa yaba ulayini wamandla we-SPD nolayini wesiginali we-SPD.

2.2.1 Umugqa Wamandla we-SPD

Njengoba amandla ombani eshaya emakhulu kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kancane kancane sikhiphe amandla esiteleka sombani emhlabeni ngokukhipha okukhipha. Faka isivikeli sokukhuphuka noma isivikeli sokukhawulela amandla kagesi esidlulisa ukuhlolwa kwezigaba ze-Class I ekuhlanganeni kwendawo evikela umbani ngqo (i-LPZ0A) noma indawo evikela umbani ngqo (LPZ0B) nendawo yokuqala yokuvikela (LPZ1). Ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo, okukhipha umbani oqondile wamanje, noma kudedela inani elikhulu lamandla aqhutshiwe lapho ulayini wokuhambisa ugesi ubhekene neziteleka zombani eziqondile. Isivikeli sokukhawulela samandla kagesi sifakiwe lapho kuhlangana khona indawo ngayinye (kufaka phakathi indawo ye-LPZ1) ngemuva kwendawo yokuvikela yokuqala njengezinga lesibili, lesithathu noma ngaphezulu lokuvikela. Isivikeli sebanga lesibili iyithuluzi lokuvikela lamandla asalayo womvikeli wangaphambi kwesiteji kanye nesiteleka sombani esenziwe endaweni. Lapho ukumuncwa kwamandla ombani wesiteji sangaphambili kukhulu, ezinye izingxenye zisenkulu impela kwimishini noma kumvikeli osezingeni lesithathu. Amandla adluliswayo azodinga ukumuncwa okuqhubekayo ngumvikeli wezinga lesibili. Ngasikhathi sinye, ulayini wokudlulisa wesigaba sokuqala sombani ozobamba futhi uzodala umbani wemisebe kagesi kagesi. Lapho ulayini umude ngokwanele, amandla wombani owenziwe uba mkhulu ngokwanele, futhi isivikeli sezinga lesibili siyadingeka ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuphume amandla wombani. Umvikeli wesigaba sesithathu uvikela amandla ombani asalayo ngomvikeli wesigaba sesibili. Ngokwezinga lamandla wevolumu yemishini evikelekile, uma ukuvikelwa kombani okungamazinga amabili kungafinyelela umkhawulo wamandla wegesi ngaphansi kwezinga lamandla emishini, kudingeka amazinga amabili kuphela okuvikela; uma okokusebenza kumelana namandla kagesi kuphansi, kungadinga amazinga amane noma amazinga wokuvikela angaphezulu.

Khetha i-SPD, udinga ukuqonda amanye amapharamitha nokuthi asebenza kanjani.

(1) Igagasi elingu-10 / 350μs liyigagasi elilingisa isiteleka sombani esiqondile, namandla we-waveform makhulu; igagasi le-8 / 20μs liyigagasi elilingisa ukwenziwa kombani nokuqhutshwa kombani.

(2) Ukukhishwa okuncane kwamanje ku-In kubhekisa ekuphakameni kwamanje okugeleza nge-SPD naku-8/20 μs wave wave.

(3) Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yamanje, okwaziwa nangokuthi isilinganiso sokugeleza okuphezulu, kubhekisa kumthamo omkhulu wokukhipha ongamelana ne-SPD ngegagasi lamanje lama-8 / 20μs.

(4) Amandla aphezulu wokumelana namandla we-voltage Uc (rms) abhekisa kuma-voltage aphezulu we-AC voltage noma i-DC voltage engasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ku-SPD.

(5) Amandla asalayo e-Uri asho inani lokucindezela elisele okuyinani lokukhishwa okulinganiselwe ku-In.

(6) Amandla okuvikela aphezulu abonisa ipharamitha yezimpawu zamandla phakathi kwamatheminali anomkhawulo we-SPD, futhi inani lalo lingakhethwa ohlwini lwamagugu owathandayo, okufanele abe mkhulu kunenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla emingcele.

(7) Uhlobo lwe-voltage switch SPD ludedela kakhulu i-10 / 350μs wave wave, kanye nohlobo lokunciphisa amandla we-SPD ikakhulu likhipha igagasi lamanje le-8 / 20μs.

2.2.2 Umugqa Wesiginali SPD

Ulayini wesiginali i-SPD empeleni ungumbambi wombani wesiginali ofakwe kulayini wokudlulisa isignali, imvamisa engaphambili ledivayisi, ukuvikela amadivayisi alandelayo nokuvikela amagagasi ombani ekuthonyeni idivayisi eyonakele kulayini wesiginali.

1) Ukukhethwa kwezinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla (Phezulu)

Inani Eliphezulu akumele leqe isilinganiso samandla kagesi esilinganisiwe semishini evikelwe. I-Up idinga ukuthi i-SPD ifaniswe kahle nokufakwa kwemishini evikelekile.

Kuhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi we-low-voltage, imishini kufanele ibe nekhono elithile lokumelana nokuqhuma, okungukuthi, amandla okumelana nokushaqeka nokuvota ngokweqile. Lapho inani le-overvoltage yomthelela wezinto ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lwe-220 / 380V lesigaba sesithathu lingatholakali, lingakhethwa ngokuya ngezinkomba ezinikezwe ze-IEC 60664-1.

2) Ukukhethwa kokukhishwa okuncane kwamanje ku (umthamo wokugeleza komthelela)

Ukuphakama kwamanje okugeleza nge-SPD, 8/20 μs wave wave. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwesigaba se-Class II se-SPD kanye nokwenziwa kabusha kwe-SPD kokuhlolwa kwezigaba ze-Class I no-Class II.

Eqinisweni, ku-In inani eliphakeme kakhulu lesilinganiso samanje sokukhuphuka esingadlulisa inani lezikhathi ezichaziwe (imvamisa izikhathi ezingama-20) kanye nefomu le-wave elicacisiwe (8/20 μs) ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu ku-SPD.

3) Ukukhethwa kokukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yamanje (umkhawulo wokugeleza kwamandla)

Ukuphakama kwamanje okugeleza nge-SPD, 8/20 μs wave wave, kusetshenziselwa isivivinyo sokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba II. I-Imax inokufana okuningi nge-In, esebenzisa i-wave yamanje ye-8/20 μs wave wave ukwenza isivivinyo sokuhlukaniswa kwe-Class II ku-SPD. Umehluko ubuye ubonakale. I-Imax yenza isivivinyo somthelela ku-SPD, futhi i-SPD ayibangeli monakalo omkhulu ngemuva kovivinyo, futhi i-In ingenza izivivinyo ezinjalo ezingama-20, futhi i-SPD ayikwazi ukubhujiswa kakhulu ngemuva kovivinyo. Ngakho-ke, i-Imax ngumkhawulo wamanje womthelela, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwamanje okuphezulu kubizwa nangokuthi umthamo wokugeleza wokucindezela wokugcina. Ngokusobala, i-Imax> In.

isimiso sokusebenza

Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukuqhuma iyisidingo esibalulekile sokuvikela umbani wezinto zobuchwepheshe. Kudala kwakubizwa nge- "arrester" noma "overvoltage protector". IsiNgisi sifushanisiwe njenge-SPD. Indima yesivikeli sokuqhuma ku Ukuqubuka kwesikhashana entanjeni yamandla futhi ulayini wokudlulisa isiginali ukhawulelwe ebangeni lamandla okusetshenziswa imishini noma uhlelo, noma amandla ombani amakhulu akhishelwa emhlabathini ukuvikela okokuvikela okuvikelwe noma system kusuka ekuthintekeni nasekulimaleni.

Uhlobo nokwakheka kwesivikeli sokukhuphuka kuyahluka kusuka kohlelo lokusebenza kuya kwesicelo, kepha kufanele okungenani kuqukethe okungenani into eyodwa ekhawulela amandla kagesi. Izinto eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa kubavikeli bokuqhuma zikhipha igebe, ipayipi eligcwalisa igesi, i-varistor, i-diode yokucindezela kanye nekhoyili yokuminyana.

Ingxenye eyisisekelo

1. Ukushiya igebe (okwaziwa nangokuthi igebe lokuvikela):

Imvamisa yakhiwe ngezinduku ezimbili zensimbi ezihlukaniswe yigebe elithile elivezwe emoyeni, esisodwa salo sixhunywe kulayini wesigaba sokuhambisa ugesi L noma ulayini ongathathi hlangothi (N) wedivayisi yokuvikela edingekayo, nenye induku yensimbi kanye umugqa womhlabathi (PE) uxhunyiwe. Lapho i-overvoltage yesikhashana ishaya, igebe lonakele, bese kuthi ingxenye ethile yemali ekhokhiswa ngokweqile yethulwe emhlabeni, evimbela ukukhuphuka kwamandla kudivayisi evikelekile. Ibanga phakathi kwezinduku ezimbili zensimbi zegebe lokukhishwa lingalungiswa njengoba kudingeka, futhi isakhiwo silula, futhi okungalungile ukuthi ukusebenza kokucisha i-arc kubi. Igebe lokukhishwa elithuthukisiwe liyigebe le-angular, futhi umsebenzi wokucisha i-arc ungcono kunalowo wangaphambili. Kubangelwa isenzo samandla kagesi F wesekethe nokukhuphuka komoya oshisayo ukucisha i-arc.

2. Ishubhu lokukhipha igesi:

Iqukethe amapuleti abandayo amabi ahlukanisiwe ahlukaniswe komunye nomunye futhi afakwe kushubhu lengilazi noma ithubhu ye-ceramic egcwele igesi ethile engafakwanga (Ar). Ukuze wandise amathuba okubangela ithubhu lokukhipha, i-ejenti ebangela inikezwe futhi kushubhu lokukhipha. Lolu hlobo lwethumbu lokugcwalisa igesi eligcwele uhlobo lwezigxobo ezimbili nohlobo lwezigxobo ezintathu.

Imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yethubhu yokukhipha igesi yilezi: i-DC yokukhipha i-voltage Udc; ukushaqeka kwamandla okukhipha phezulu (Ngokujwayelekile, Up≈ (2 ~ 3) Udc; imvamisa yamandla imelana ne-In yamanje; umfutho ukumelana ne-Ip yamanje; ukumelana nokuqina R (> 109Ω)); amandla we-interelectrode (1-5PF)

Ishubhu yokukhipha igesi ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-DC ne-AC. I-DC yokukhipha i-voltage ekhethiwe ye-Udc imi kanje: Sebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-DC: Udc≥1.8U0 (U0 yi-DC voltage yomugqa osebenza ngokujwayelekile)

Sebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-AC: U dc ≥ 1.44Un (Un inani le-rms lamandla we-AC wokusebenza okujwayelekile komugqa)

3.I-Varistor:

I-varistor ye-metal oxide semiconductor ne-ZnO njengengxenye yayo eyinhloko. Lapho i-voltage esetshenziswe emikhawulweni yomibili ifinyelela inani elithile, ukumelana kuzwela kakhulu kumandla. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza silingana nochungechunge nokuxhuma okufanayo kwe-semiconductor PN eminingi. I-varistor ibonakala ngezimpawu ezinhle ezingekho emgqeni (I = CUα, α iyinhlangano coefficient engekho emgqeni), umthamo omkhulu wokugeleza (~ 2KA / cm2), ongaphakeme wamanje wokuvuza okujwayelekile (10-7 ~ 10-6A), amandla aphansi asele (kuya ngokuthi Ku-voltage yokusebenza kwe-varistor namandla okugeleza), isikhathi sokuphendula kokudonswa kwamandla okuhamba kwesikhashana siyashesha (~ 10-8s), akukho freewheeling.

Amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe we-varistor yi-varistor voltage (ie switching voltage) UN, voltage voltage Ulma; amandla asalayo Ures; isilinganiso samandla kagesi asele K (K = Ures / UN); umthamo omkhulu wokugeleza we-Imax; ukuvuza kwamanje; isikhathi sokuphendula.

I-varistor isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo: i-varistor voltage: UN ≥ [(√ 2 × 1.2) / 0.7] U0 (U0 yi-voltage elinganisiwe yamandla kagesi wamandla)

Ubuncane besithenjwa samandla ombane: Ulma ≥ (1.8 ~ 2) Uac (esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo zeDC)

I-Ulma 2.2 (2.5 ~ XNUMX) Uac (esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-AC, i-Uac ingugesi osebenza nge-AC)

Umthamo wesithenjwa esiphezulu we-varistor kufanele unqunywe ngamandla we-withstand wedivayisi evikelwe ye-elekthronikhi. Amandla we-varistor asalayo kufanele abe ngaphansi kwezinga lamandla kagesi evikelwe, okusho (i-Ulma) max≤Ub / K. Lapho i-K isilinganiso se-voltage esalayo ne-Ub kungamandla wokulimala wedivayisi evikelwe.

4.I-diode yokucindezela:

I-diode yokucindezela inomsebenzi okhawulelwe ngocingo. Isebenza esifundeni sokuwohloka okuphambene nalokho. Ngenxa yamandla kagesi aphansi okubamba kanye nempendulo esheshayo, ilungele ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa njengezakhi zokuvikela ezisezingeni lokugcina kumasekethe wokuvikelwa kwamazinga amaningi. Isici se-volt-ampere sedayimoni yokucindezela esifundeni sokubhidlika singabonakaliswa ngefomula elandelayo: I = CUα, lapho i-coefficient engekho emgqeni, ye-Zener diode α = 7 ～ 9, ku-diode ye-avalanche α = 5 ～ 7.

Ukucindezela diode kwemingcele technical

(1) Ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi, okubhekisa kumthamo wokuwohloka kumanje ocacisiwe we-breakdown breakdown (imvamisa i-1ma), okuphakathi kwebanga le-2.9V kuye ku-4.7V lama-diode e-Zener, kanye nokuwohloka okulinganiselwe kwama-diode e-avalanche. Amandla wokugqoka avame ukuba sebangeni le-5.6V kuye ku-200V.

(2) Umthamo omkhulu wesigaxa: Kubhekisa kumandla amakhulu kakhulu avela kuzo zombili iziphetho zethubhu lapho lidlula umsinga omkhulu we-waveform enqunyiwe.

(3) Amandla we-Pulse: Kubhekiswa kumkhiqizo wamandla kagesi amakhulu kunawo womabili amapayipi kanye nokulingana kwamanje kuthubhu ngaphansi kwefomu lamaza lamanje elicacisiwe (isb., 10/1000 μs).

(4) Reverse displacement voltage: Kubhekiswa kumthamo omkhulu ongasetshenziswa kuzo zombili iziphetho zethubhu endaweni yokubuyisela emuva, lapho ishubhu kungafanele lidilike khona. Le voltage yokubuyisela emuva kufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu kunenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla okusebenza wohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi oluvikelwe, okungukuthi, alunakuba sesimweni sokuqhuba esibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo.

(5) Isilinganiso samanje sokuvuza okuphezulu: Kusho ukuphakama kwamanje okugeleza okuphezulu okugeleza ngeshubhu ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi wokuphindisela emuva.

(6) Isikhathi sokuphendula: 10-11s

5.Ikhoyili yokuminyanisa:

Ikhoyili yokuminyanisa iyinsiza ejwayelekile yokucindezela ukuphazanyiswa kwemodi ene-ferrite njengomongo. Inenxeba elilinganayo emgodini ofanayo we-ferrite toroidal ngamakhoyili amabili alinganayo nenombolo efanayo yokujika. Ukwakha idivaysi ene-terminal ezine, kuyadingeka ukucindezela ukufakwa okukhulu kwesiginali yemodi ejwayelekile, futhi kunomthelela omncane ekuhlukanisweni kokuhlukaniswa kwesiginali yemodi ehlukile. Ikhoyili yokuminyanisa ingacindezela ngempumelelo isignali yokuphazanyiswa kwemodi ejwayelekile (njengokuphazanyiswa kombani) kulayini olinganiselayo kepha ayinamphumela kusiginali yemodi ehlukile umugqa ovame ukuwudlulisa.

Ikhoyili eliminyene kufanele lihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo lapho likhiqizwa:

I-1) Inxeba lezintambo engxenyeni yekhoyili kufanele lifakwe komunye nomunye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuphuka okufushane okwenzekayo phakathi kokujika kwekhoyili ngaphansi kokuqubuka kwesikhashana.

2) Lapho ikhoyili igeleza ngamandla wamanje osheshayo, umnyombo awubonakali ugcwele.

I-3) Ingqikithi ekhoyili kufanele ifakwe ngaphandle kwekhoyili ukuvimbela ukuwohloka phakathi kwalaba ababili abangaphansi kokuqhuma kwesikhashana.

I-4) Ikhoyili kufanele ilinyazwe ngangokunokwenzeka, okunganciphisa amandla we-coil we-coil futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lekhoyili ekuvuthweni kwamandla ngokushesha.

6. 1/4 wamaza amafushane ajikelezayo

I-1/4 wavelength crowbar iyisivikeli sokukhuphuka kwesiginali se-microwave ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-spectral kwamagagasi ombani kanye nomqondo wokuma we-wave we-antenna feeder. Ubude bebha yokunciphisa insimbi kulesi sivikeli bususelwa kumvamisa wesiginali yokusebenza (isb. 900 MHz noma i-1800 MHz). Kunqunywe usayizi wobude be-1/4. Ubude obulinganayo bokushoda kwebha bunemingcele engapheli yemvamisa yesiginali yokusebenza, elingana nesekethe evulekile futhi engakuthinti ukudluliswa kwesiginali. Kodwa-ke, kumaza ombani, njengoba amandla ombani esatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngezansi kwe-n + KHZ, ibha yokunciphisa ye-impedance wave wave incane, ilingana nesekethe elifushane, izinga lamandla ombani likhishelwa emhlabathini.

Njengoba ububanzi be-1/4 bar waveingth shorting bar ngokuvamile kungamamilimitha ambalwa, ukumelana nomthelela manje kuhle, futhi kungafinyelela ku-30KA (8 / 20μs) noma ngaphezulu, futhi i-voltage eseleyo incane. Le voltage eyinsalela ibangelwa kakhulu ukuzimela kwebha yokushoda. Okushodayo ukuthi ibhendi yamandla incane futhi umkhawulokudonsa ungaba ngu-2% kuye ku-20%. Okunye okubi ukuthi ukukhetha kwe-DC akukwazi ukusetshenziswa ku-feeder ye-antenna, evimbela ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Isifunda esiyisisekelo

Ukujikeleza kwesivikeli sokuqhuma kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo yizinhlobo ezimbalwa ezibalulwe ngenhla. Umcwaningi womkhiqizo wokuvikela umbani owaziwayo angakha amasekethe ahlukahlukene, njengebhokisi lamabhulokhi angasetshenziswa. Amaphethini ahlukile wesakhiwo. Kungumsebenzi wabasebenzi bokuvikela umbani ukwenza imikhiqizo esebenza kahle futhi engambi eqolo.

Ukuvikelwa okuhleliwe

Isibambi sombani wesivikelo sokuqina sesigaba sokuqala singopha ngenxa yombane oqondile noma wophe lapho ulayini wokuhambisa amandla ubhekene nesiteleka sombani esiqondile. Okwezindawo lapho kwenzeka khona imibani eqondile, ISIGABA-I kumele yenziwe. Ukuvikelwa kombani. Isibani sesigaba sesibili sombani siyisivikelo samandla asalayo wedivayisi yokuvikela umbani ongaphambili kanye nesiteleka sombani esibangelwe indawo. Lapho kukhona ukumuncwa kwamandla amakhulu ombane esiteji esingaphambili, kusekhona ingxenye yemishini noma ithuluzi lokuvikela umbani elisezingeni lesithathu. Kungamandla amakhulu impela azodluliswa futhi adinga ukubanjwa kwesigaba sesibili ukumunca okuqhubekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ulayini wokudlulisa wesibambi sombani esiteji sokuqala uzophinde udale umbani oshukumisa imisebe kagesi i-LEMP. Lapho ulayini umude ngokwanele, amandla ombani owenziwe uba mkhulu ngokwanele, futhi idivaysi yokuvikela umbani esezingeni lesibili iyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokukhipha amandla ombani. Umbambi wesigaba sesithathu wombani uvikela i-LEMP namandla ashiye umbani ngesiboshwa sesigaba sesibili.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokuqala

Inhloso yomvikeli wokuqhuma ukuvikela amandla okuqhuma ukuthi aqhutshwe ngqo evela endaweni ye-LPZ0 aye endaweni ye-LPZ1, anciphise amandla okhuphuka wamashumi ezinkulungwane kuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-volts aye ku-2500-3000V.

Isivikeli sokukhuphuka esifakwe ohlangothini olunamandla aphansi we-transformer yamandla siyisigaba sesithathu samandla kagesi wokushintshwa kwamandla ombane. Ukuhamba kombani akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-60KA. Umbani ophehla ugesi kulesi sigaba uzoba isibani esikhulu samandla esisebenza ngombani esixhunywe phakathi kwezigaba zokungena kohlelo lomsebenzisi lokuhambisa ugesi nomhlaba. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi isivikeli sokukhuphuka kwamandla salesi sigaba sinamandla amakhulu okuba namandla angaphezu kuka-100KA ngesigaba ngasinye, futhi amandla emikhawulo edingekayo angaphansi kuka-1500V, obizwa ngokuthi umvikeli wamandla we-CLASS I kanye nomvikeli wokuqhuma. Idizayinelwe ukumelana nemisinga ephezulu yombani nokushaywa kombani, kanye nokuheha amandla amakhulu, laba babopha ama-electromagnetic surgeons bavalela inqwaba yamandla okungena phansi. Banikela kuphela ngevolthi yokukhawulela (amandla aphezulu avela kulayini lapho i-inrush yamanje igeleza ngesibambi sokunikezwa kwamandla ibizwa ngokuthi yi-voltage enomkhawulo). Isivikeli se-CLASS Class I sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuncela imisinga emikhulu yokungena, kuphela Abakwazi ukuvikela ngokugcwele imishini kagesi ebucayi ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla.

Isivikeli sokukhuphuka kwamandla esigaba sokuqala singavikela kuma-10 / 350μs kanye namagagasi ombani we-100KA futhi sihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokuvikela ezichazwe yi-IEC. Inkomba yezobuchwepheshe imi kanjena: umbani ogelezayo mkhulu noma ulingana no-100KA (10 / 350μs); i-voltage eyinsalela ayinkulu kune-2.5KV; isikhathi sokuphendula sincane noma silingana no-100ns.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lesibili

Inhloso yesivikelo sokukhuphuka ukuqhubeka nokukhawulela amandla we-voltage asalayo ngesibambi sombani sokuqala ukuya ku-1500-2000V nokuxhuma i-LPZ1-LPZ2 nge-equipotentially.

Isibambi sombani esiphehla ugesi esikhishwe ulayini wekhabethe wokusabalalisa siyoba yinsimbi yokuvikela ugesi evimba amandla kagesi njengesivikelo sezinga lesibili. Amandla wamanje wombani ngeke abe ngaphansi kuka-20KA. Izofakwa ekunikezelweni kwamandla ezintweni ezibalulekile noma ezibucayi zikagesi. Isiteshi sokusabalalisa imigwaqo. Lezi ziboshwa zamandla okuhlinzeka ngamandla zinikeza ukumuncwa okungcono kwamandla okusala asele ngokusebenzisa isiboshwa esikhulayo endaweni yamandla ekhasimende futhi sinokucindezela okuhle kakhulu kokudlula kwesikhashana. Amandla wokubopha amandla okusetshenziswa kule ndawo adinga umthamo omkhulu womthelela ongu-45kA noma ngaphezulu ngesigaba ngasinye, futhi amandla emikhawulo edingekayo kufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1200V, obizwa ngokuthi ISIGABA II ugesi umbani arrester. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuphakelwa kwamandla womsebenzisi lungazuza ukuvikelwa kwezinga lesibili ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwemishini kagesi.

Umvikeli wesigaba sesibili wamandla wokusebenzisa amandla usebenzisa umvikeli weClass C wokuvikelwa kwesigaba esigabeni kuya kwesigaba, umhlaba ophakathi nendawo nokuvikelwa okugcwele kwemodi. Imingcele eyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe yilezi: umthamo wokugeleza kombani omkhulu noma olingana no-40KA (8 / 20μs); amandla asalayo Inani eliphakeme alikho ngaphezu kuka-1000V; isikhathi sokuphendula asikho ngaphezu kwama-25ns.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lesithathu

Inhloso yomvikeli wokuqhuma ekugcineni ukuvikela imishini ngokunciphisa amandla okusala asele abe ngaphansi kuka-1000V ukuze amandla wokuqhuma angalimazi imishini.

Lapho idivayisi yokuvikela umbani efakwa ekugcineni okungenayo kokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kwemishini yolwazi ngogesi isetshenziswa njengesivikelo sezinga lesithathu, kuzoba nguchungechunge lohlobo lokuvikela amandla okuvikela umbani, nombani wayo umthamo wamanje ngeke ube ngaphansi kuka-10KA.

Umugqa wokugcina wokuvikelwa kwesivikeli sokuqhuma ungasetshenziswa nomvikeli wamandla owakhelwe ngaphakathi ekunikezelweni kwamandla wangaphakathi komthengi ukufezekisa ukuqedwa okuphelele kwama-overvoltages amancane wesikhashana. Isibambi sokukhuphuka kwamandla esisetshenziswe lapha sidinga umthamo omkhulu womthelela ongu-20KA noma ngaphansi ngesigaba ngasinye, futhi amandla kagesi anciphisayo afanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1000V. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ube ne- izinga lesithathu lokuvikelwa okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi okubaluleke kakhulu noma okubucayi ikakhulukazi, kanye nokuvikela okokusebenza kukagesi ekuvutheni kwesikhashana okwenziwe ngaphakathi kohlelo.

Okokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okulungiswa okusetshenziswa kwimishini yokuxhumana yama-microwave, imishini yokuxhumana yesiteshi samaselula nemishini ye-radar, kuyadingeka ukukhetha Idivayisi yokuvikela umbani we-DC ngokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi njengokuvikelwa kwesigaba sokugcina ngokusho kokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi asebenzayo.

Izinga 4 nangaphezulu

Isivikeli sokukhuphuka ngokuya ngezinga lamandla wevolumu yemishini evikelekile, uma ukuvikelwa kombani okungamazinga amabili kungafinyelela kumandla wamandla angaphansi kwezinga lamandla emishini, kudinga kuphela ukwenza amazinga amabili okuvikela, uma imishini imelana namandla kagesi Izinga liphansi, lingadinga amazinga amane noma ngaphezulu wokuvikelwa. Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lesine lomthamo wokugeleza kombani akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-5KA.

Indlela yokufaka

1, izidingo zokufaka ezijwayelekile ze-SPD

Umvikeli wokukhuphuka ufakiwe ngesitimela esijwayelekile esingu-35mm

Kuma-SPD ahleliwe, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe ukufakwa okujwayelekile:

1) Thola indlela yokukhishwa yamanje

2) Maka ucingo ngokudonswa kwamandla kagesi okwengeziwe okubangelwe ukuphela kwensimbi.

3) Ukugwema izihibe zokufaka izinto ezingadingekile, maka umqhubi we-PE wedivayisi ngayinye.

4) Sungula ukubopha kwe-equipotential phakathi kwedivayisi ne-SPD.

5) Ukudidiyela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla kwe-SPD yamazinga amaningi

Ukuze unqande ukuhlangana okungahambisani phakathi kwengxenye yokuvikela efakiwe nengxenye engavikelekile yedivayisi, kudingeka izilinganiso ezithile. Ukwehliswa kokunye kungancishiswa ngokuhlukaniswa komthombo wokuzwa kusuka kusifunda somhlatshelo, ukukhethwa kwe-loop angle, kanye nemikhawulo yesifunda se-loop esivaliwe.

Lapho i-conductor yempahla ethwele njengamanje iyingxenye yeluphu evaliwe, iluphu namandla kagesi ancishisiwe ayancipha njengoba umqhubi esondela esifundeni.

Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukuhlukanisa ucingo oluvikelwe kunolucingo olungavikelekile futhi kufanele luhlukaniswe nentambo yomhlabathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvikela ukuhlangana kwesikhashana kwe-quadrature phakathi kwekhebula lamandla nentambo yokuxhumana, kufanele kwenziwe izilinganiso ezidingekayo.

2, Ukukhethwa kobubanzi bezingcingo ze-SPD

Umugqa wedatha: Isidingo sikhulu kuno-2.5mm²; lapho ubude budlula u-0.5m, kuyadingeka ukuthi bube bukhulu kuno-4mm².

I-Powerline: Lapho umugqa wesigaba unqamula isigaba S≤16mm², umugqa womhlabathi usebenzisa i-S; lapho umugqa wesigaba unqamula esigabeni indawo engu-16mm²≤S≤35mm², umugqa womhlabathi usebenzisa i-16mm²; lapho umugqa wesigaba unqamula indawo eyi-S≥35mm², umugqa womhlabathi udinga i-S / 2.

Imingcele esemqoka

1. Amandla kagesi Un: Amandla kagesi alinganisiwe wesistimu evikelwe ahambisani. Kuhlelo lobuchwepheshe bolwazi, le parameter ikhombisa uhlobo lomvikeli okufanele lukhethwe, okukhombisa inani elisebenzayo levolthi ye-AC noma ye-DC.

2. Amandla kagesi alinganisiwe Uc: angasetshenziswa ekugcineni okucacisiwe komvikeli isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubangela ushintsho kuzimpawu zomvikeli nokwenza kusebenze inani lamandla kagesi aphezulu wento yokuvikela.

3. Kukalwe ukukhishwa kwe-Isn yamanje: Inani eliphakeme lamanje lokungena lapho umvikeli ebekezelelwa khona lapho igagasi lombani elijwayelekile elinefomu lamagagasi lama-8/20 μs lisetshenziswa kumvikeli izikhathi eziyi-10.

4. Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yamanje: Inani eliphakeme lamanje lokungena lapho umvikeli ebekezelelwa khona lapho igagasi lombani elijwayelekile elinefomu lamagagasi lama-8/20 μs lisetshenziswa kumvikeli.

5. Izinga lokuvikelwa kweVoltage Phezulu: Inani eliphakeme lomvikeli kulezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo: amandla we-flashover we-slope ye-1KV / μs; amandla okusala wamanje wokukhishwa okulinganisiwe.

6. Isikhathi sokuphendula i-tA: Isikhathi sokuzwela nesikhathi sokuphuka kwengxenye yokuvikela ekhethekile ekhombisa kakhulu isivikeli, futhi ushintsho ngesikhathi esithile luncike emthambekeni we-du / dt noma di / dt.

7. Izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha Vs: likhombisa ukuthi mangaki amanani ama-bit adluliswa ngomzuzwana owodwa, iyunithi yilezi: bps; inani lesethenjwa sedivayisi yokuvikela umbani ekhethwe kahle ohlelweni lokudlulisa idatha, futhi isilinganiso sokudluliswa kwedatha sedivayisi yokuvikela umbani sincike kwimodi yokudlulisela yohlelo.

8. Ukulahleka kokufakwa Ae: Isilinganiso samandla kagesi ngaphambi nangemva kokufakwa komvikeli kumvamisa onikeziwe.

9. Buyisela Ukulahlekelwa ngu-Ar: Kubonisa isilinganiso se-wave edge ehamba phambili ekhonjiswa yidivayisi yokuvikela (iphuzu lokukhombisa), okuyipharamitha elilinganisa ngqo ukuthi ngabe idivayisi yokuvikela iyahambisana yini ne-impedance yohlelo.

10. Isikhathi sokukhishwa samanje esikhulu kakhulu: kubhekisa kunani eliphakeme lamanje okuphezulu okungena lapho umvikeli ebekwa khona lapho igagasi lombani elijwayelekile elinefomu lamagagasi lama-8 / 20μs lisetshenziswa emhlabathini ngamunye.

11. Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-lateral yamanje: Isilinganiso esiphakeme samanje sokungena lapho umvikeli ebekwa khona lapho kusetshenziswa umbani ojwayelekile wombane onomumo we-wave ka-8 / 20μs phakathi komugqa nolayini.

12. I-impedance eku-inthanethi: isho isamba se-impedance kanye ne-inductive reaction ye-loop egeleza kumvikeli ngaphansi kwe-voltage yokuqamba Un. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "impedance yohlelo."

13. Ukuphakama kokukhishwa kwamanje: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ukukalwa okulinganiselwe kwe-Isn yamanje kanye nokukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yamanje.

14. Okwamanje okuvuza: kubhekisa kumanje we-DC ogeleza kumvikeli kumandla kagesi angama-Un ka-75 noma angama-80.

Kuhlukaniswe ngesimiso sokusebenza

1. Uhlobo lokushintsha: Isimiso esisebenzayo somvikeli wokuqhuma siyimpedance ephezulu uma kungekho ukuqhuma kwamandla ngokushesha, kepha uma nje kuphendula umbane odlula isikhathi, impedance yayo izoshintsha ngokungazelelwe ibe inani eliphansi, ivumele umbani ukuba udlule. Uma isetshenziswa njengaleyo divayisi, idivayisi ine: igebe lokukhipha, ishubhu lokukhipha igesi, i-thyristor, nokunye okunjalo.

2. Uhlobo lokukhawulela kwe-Voltage: Isimiso esisebenzayo somvikeli wokuqhuma yimpedance ephezulu uma kungekho ukuqhuma kwesikhashana, kepha impedance yayo izokwehla ngokuqhubekayo ngokwanda kwamandla wamanje namandla kagesi, futhi izici zayo zamanje nezamandla kagesi azilingani kakhulu. Amadivayisi asetshenziswa njengamadivayisi anjengalawa: i-zinc oxide, i-varistors, ama-diode wokucindezela, ama-diode e-avalanche, nokunye okunjalo.

3. Hlukanisa noma kube nesiyaluyalu:

Uhlobo lwe-Shunt: Ngokufana nedivayisi evikelwe, kukhombisa impedance ephansi kumbani wombani kanye ne-impedance ephezulu kumvamisa yokusebenza ejwayelekile.

Uhlobo lwesiphithiphithi: Kuchungechunge nedivayisi evikelwe, ikhombisa impedance ephezulu ekushayweni kombani kanye ne-impedance ephansi kumvamisa osebenzayo ojwayelekile.

Amadivayisi asetshenziswa njengamadivayisi anjengalawa: amakhoyili aminyanisa, izihlungi zokupasa okuphezulu, izihlungi zokupasa okuphansi, izikhindi zamaza wekota, nokunye okunjalo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Surge Protection Device SPD

(1) Umvikeli wamandla: Umvikeli wamandla we-AC, isivikeli samandla seDC, ukushintsha isivikeli samandla, njll.

Imodyuli yokuvikela umbani we-AC ilungele ukuvikelwa kwamandla kwamakamelo okusabalalisa ugesi, amakhabethe wokusabalalisa amandla, amakhabethe wokushintsha, amaphaneli wokusabalalisa amandla we-AC / DC, njll.

Kunamabhokisi okusabalalisa okokufaka angaphandle namabhokisi okusabalalisa ungqimba esakhiweni;

Okwe-voltage ephansi (220 / 380VAC) igridi yamandla ezimboni kanye namagridi wamandla womphakathi;

Kuhlelo lwamandla, lisetshenziselwa ukufaka noma ukukhipha amandla esigaba sesithathu kusikrini sokuphakelwa kwamandla segumbi lokulawula elikhulu lekamelo lomshini we-automation noma isiteshi.

Ifanele izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ze-DC zamandla, njenge:

Iphaneli yokwabiwa kwamandla ka-DC;

Imishini yokuhambisa ugesi yeDC;

Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa le-DC;

Ikhabethe lesistimu yolwazi ngogesi;

Ukukhishwa kokunikezwa kwamandla kwesibili.

(2) Umvikeli wesiginali: umvikeli wesiginali yemvamisa ephansi, isivikeli sesiginali ephezulu kakhulu, isivikeli se-antenna feeder, njll.

Idivayisi yenethiwekhi yokuvikela umbani:

Ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage yokufaka amandla okubangelwa yimibani yombani kanye nemibani yamandla kagesi wemishini yenethiwekhi efana ne-10 / 100Mbps SHINTSHA, ISIKHUNGO, INDLELA; · Ukuvikelwa kwenethiwekhi yamakamelo enethiwekhi; · Ukuvikelwa kwesiphakeli segumbi lenethiwekhi; Igumbi lenethiwekhi okunye ukuvikelwa kokusebenziseka kwenethiwekhi;

Ibhokisi lokuvikela umbani elihlanganiswe ngamachweba angama-24 lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela okuphakathi nendawo kwamashaneli wesiginali amaningi kumakhabethe enethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe nakumakhabethe angaphansi kokushintsha.

Idivayisi yokuvikela umbani wesignali yevidiyo:

Umvikeli wokuqhamuka usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela iphoyinti nephuzu kwemishini yesiginali yevidiyo. Ingavikela imishini ehlukahlukene yokudlulisa ividiyo esitelekeni sombani esinyakazayo namandla okhuphuka avela kulayini wokudlulisa isignali. Kuyasebenza futhi ekudlulisweni kwe-RF ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo okusebenza. Ibhokisi elihlanganisiwe lokuvikela umbani ohlanganisa amachweba amaningi lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela amadivayisi wokulawula njengamarekhodi e-hard disk kanye nabasiki bamavidiyo kwikhabethe yokulawula edidiyelwe.

Umkhiqizo Womvikeli Wokwanda

Ababoshwa abavame kakhulu emakethe yilaba: Umvikeli we-China LSP, i-Germany OBO surge protector, i-DEHN surge protector, i-PHOENIX protector protector, i-US ECS surge protector, i-US PANAMAX surge protector, i-INNOVATIVE surge protector, i-US POLYPHASER Surge protector, iFrance Soule surge protector , UK ESP Furse surge protector njll.