Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu wokusebenzisa amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Surge (SPDs) ne-RCD ndawonye
Amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-Surge (SPDs) nama-RCD
Lapho uhlelo lokwabiwa kwamandla lufaka phakathi ama-RCD umsebenzi wesikhashana ongaholela ekutheni ama-RCD asebenze ngakho-ke ukulahleka kokuphakelwa. Amadivayisi wokuvikela (SPDs) kufanele lapho efakwa khona umfula we-RCD ukuvimbela ukukhubeka okungafuneki okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwesikhashana.
Lapho kufakwa khona izinto zokuvikela ukuqhuma ngokuya nge-BS 7671 534.2.1 futhi zisohlangothini lomthwalo wedivayisi yamanje eyinsalela, i I-RCD enesifo sokuvikela imisinga okungenani i-3 kA 8/20, izosetshenziswa.
AMANOTHI ABALULEKILE // Uhlobo lwe-S RCDs yanelisa le mfuneko. Endabeni yemisinga yokwanda ephakeme kune-3 kA 8/20, i-RCD ingahle ikhubeke ibangele ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla.
Uma i-SPD ifakwa ezansi nomfula we-RCD, i-RCD kufanele ibe yohlobo lokubambezeleka kwesikhathi nomkhuhlane wokuvikela imisinga okungenani engu-3kA 8/20. Isigaba 534.2.2 se-BS 7671 sichaza izidingo ezisezingeni eliphansi zokuxhuma ze-SPD (ngokuya ngezindlela zokuvikela ze-SPD) lapho kufakwa khona (imvamisa Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD).
Uma kwenzeka ungajwayele ukusebenza kwezinhlobo zokuvikela amadivayisi nezinhlobo, ufunda kangcono kuqala izisekelo zamadivayisi wokuvikela.
Uhlobo lokuxhuma lwe-SPD 1 (CT1)
Ukucushwa kwe-SPD okususelwa ohlotsheni lokuxhuma 1 (CT1) kwenzelwa i- Ukuhlelwa komhlaba kwe-TN-CS noma kwe-TN-S kanye nokuhlelwa komhlaba kweTT lapho i-SPD ifakwa ezansi nomfula we-RCD.
Umdwebo 1 - Amadivayisi wokuvikela (ama-SPD) afakwe ohlangothini lomthwalo we-RCD
Ngokuvamile, amasistimu we-TT adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngoba imvamisa aneziphazamiso eziphakeme zomhlaba ezinciphisa imisinga yamaphutha omhlaba futhi zandise izikhathi zokunqanyulwa Amadivayisi Wokuvikela Okudlulele - OCPDs.
Ngakho-ke ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezikhathi zokunqamula okuphephile, ama-RCD asetshenziselwa ukuvikela amaphutha emhlabeni.
Uhlobo lokuxhuma lwe-SPD 2 (CT2)
Ukucushwa kwe-SPD ngokuya ngohlobo lokuxhuma 2 (CT2) kuyadingeka kufayela le- Ukuhlelwa komhlaba kweTT uma i-SPD inyuka nge-RCD. I-RCD engezansi kwe-SPD ngeke isebenze uma i-SPD iba nephutha.
Umdwebo 2 - Amadivayisi wokuvikela (ama-SPD) afakwe ohlangothini lokuphakelwa kwe-RCD
Ukuhlelwa kwe-SPD lapha kumiswe ngendlela yokuthi ama-SPD asetshenziswe phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma (baphile kuya kokungathathi hlangothi) kunaphakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma nabaqhubi abavikelayo.
Uma kwenzeka i-SPD iba nenkinga, ngakho-ke, izokwakha i-short circuit current kunokuba kube nephutha lamanje lomhlaba futhi ngenxa yalokho kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi wokuvikela (OCPDs) axhumene ne-SPD asebenza ngokuphepha esikhathini esidingekayo sokunqamula.
Kusetshenziswa i-SPD yamandla aphezulu phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi nomqhubi wokuvikela. Le SPD yamandla aphezulu (imvamisa i-spark-gap yohlobo 1 SPD) iyadingeka njengoba kuvela imibani ebhekisa kumqhubi wezokuvikela futhi ngenxa yalokho le energy ephakeme i-SPD ibona izikhathi ezifika kwezingu-4 zamanje zokukhuphuka kwama-SPD axhunywe phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma.
Isigaba somthetho 534.2.3.4.3, ngakho-ke, seluleka ukuthi i-SPD phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi nomqhubi wezokuvikela kukalwe izikhathi eziphindwe kane ubukhulu be-SPD phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma.
Ngakho-ke, kuphela uma umfutho wamanje we-Iimp ungenakubalwa, I-534.2.3.4.3 yeluleka ukuthi inani eliphansi le-Iimp le-SPD phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi nomqhubi ovikelayo yi-50kA 10/350 yokufakwa kwesigaba esingu-3 kwe-CT2, amahlandla ama-4 ayi-12.5kA 10/350 ama-SPD phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma.
Ukucushwa kwe-CT2 SPD kuvame ukudluliselwa ekuhlelweni kwe-'3 + 1 'kokunikezwa kwesigaba esingu-3.
Ukucushwa komhlaba kwama-SPD kanye ne-TN-CS
Izidingo zokuxhuma kwe-SPD ezisezingeni eliphansi noma eduze komsuka wokufakwa kohlelo lwe-TN-CS zidinga ukucaciswa okuqhubekayo njengoba iSigaba 534 se-BS 7671 sikhombisa (bona Umfanekiso 3 ngezansi) Uhlobo 1 SPD oludingekayo phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma nabakwa-PE - okufanayo njengoba kudingeka ngohlelo lwe-TN-S.
Umdwebo 3 - Ukufakwa Kwezinhlobo 1, 2 no-3 SPDs, ngokwesibonelo ezinhlelweni ze-TN-CS
Igama 'ekuqaleni noma eduze nomsuka wokufakwa' kudala ukungaqondakali kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi igama 'eduze' alichaziwe. Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, uma ama-SPD esetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu-0.5m lokwehlukaniswa kwe-PEN ukuhlukanisa i-N ne-PE, asikho isidingo sokuba nemodi yokuvikela ye-SPD phakathi kwe-N ne-PE njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso.
Uma i-BS 7671 ingavumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-SPD ohlangothini lwe-TN-C (ohlangothini olusetshenziswayo) lohlelo lwe-TN-CS (olubonwe kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu), lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ufake ama-SPDs ngaphakathi kwe-0.5m ye-PEN split to N ne-PE bese ushiya imodi yokuvikela i-N kuye ku-PE SPD.
Kodwa-ke njengoba ama-SPD angasetshenziswa kuphela uhlangothi lwe-TN-S (uhlangothi lwabathengi) lohlelo lwe-TN-CS, futhi unikezwe ama-SPD ngokuvamile afakwa ebhodini lokusabalalisa elikhulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwephoyinti lokufaka le-SPD nokwehlukaniswa kwe-PEN cishe kuzohlala njalo enkulu kune-0.5 m, ngakho-ke kunesidingo sokuba ne-SPD phakathi kwe-N ne-PE njengoba kudingeka ohlelweni lwe-TN-S.
Njengoba ama-Type 1 SPDs efakwe ngqo ukuvikela ubungozi bokulahleka kwempilo yabantu (kuya ku-BS EN62305) ngokuqhuma okuyingozi okungaletha ingozi yomlilo ngokwesibonelo, ngenhloso yokuphepha kuphela, ukwahlulela kobunjiniyela ukuthi i-SPD kufanele ifakwe phakathi kwe-N ne-PE yohlelo lwe-TN-CS njengoba bekungaba ohlelweni lwe-TN-S.
Ngokufingqa, ngokuqondene neSigaba 534, Izinhlelo ze-TN-CS ziphathwa ngokufana nezinhlelo ze-TN-S zokukhethwa nokufakwa kwama-SPD.
Izisekelo zamadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma
Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukuqubuka (i-SPDs) iyingxenye yohlelo lokuvikela ukufakwa kagesi. Le divayisi ixhunywe ekunikezelweni kwamandla ngokufana nemithwalo (amasekethe) ukuthi kuhloselwe ukuvikela (bheka Umfanekiso 4). Ingasetshenziswa futhi kuwo wonke amazinga wenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamandla.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi uhlobo olusebenzayo lokuvikelwa kwamandla okukhokha ngokweqile.
Umgomo weSurge Protection Operation
Ama-SPD aklanyelwe ukukhawulela ukudlula kwesikhashana ngenxa yombani noma ukushintsha bese uphendukisela imisinga yokwenyuka ehlangene emhlabeni, ukuze kunqandwe lokhu kudlulela emazingeni okungenzeka ukuthi angalimaza ukufakwa kukagesi noma okokusebenza.
Izinhlobo zamadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-SPD ngokwamazinga wamazwe omhlaba:
Thayipha i-1 SPD
Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwesikhashana ngenxa yemivimbo eqondile yombani. I-Type 1 SPD inconyelwa ukuvikela ukufakwa kukagesi emisakazweni yombani engaphelele edalwe yimivimbo eqondile yombani. Ingakhipha amandla avela kumbane osakazeka kusuka kumqhubi womhlaba kuya kubaqhubi benethiwekhi.
Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lubonakala nge-a Igagasi lamanje elingu-10/350.
Umdwebo 5 - Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-SPD ngokuya ngamazinga wamazwe omhlaba
Thayipha i-2 SPD
Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwesikhashana ngenxa yokushintshwa nokushaywa kombani ngokungaqondile. Uhlobo 2 SPD wuhlelo oluphambili lokuvikela kukho konke ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi anamandla amancane. Kufakwe ebhodini ngalinye likagesi, kuvimbela ukusabalala kwama-overvoltages ekufakweni kukagesi futhi kuvikele imithwalo.
Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD lubonakala nge- Igagasi lamanje elingu-8/20.
Thayipha i-3 SPD
Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD lusetshenzisiwe ukuvikelwa kwasendaweni kwemithwalo ebucayi. Lawa ma-SPD anomthamo wokukhipha ophansi. Ngakho-ke kumele zifakwe kuphela njengesengezo sohlobo lwe-2 SPD nasendaweni yemithwalo ebucayi. Atholakala kabanzi njengamadivayisi aqinile (ahlanganiswe kaningi nama-Type 2 SPDs ukuze asetshenziswe ekufakweni okungaguquki).
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