Ukuvikelwa kokuqubuka kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic

Izakhiwo ze-Photovoltaic (PV) zokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo zisengozini enkulu ekukhishweni kombani ngenxa yendawo yazo ebonakalayo nendawo enkulu engaphezulu.

Ukulimala kwezigaba ngazinye noma ukwehluleka kwakho konke ukufakwa kungaba yimiphumela.

Imisinga yombani kanye namandla okhuphuka evame ukudala umonakalo kuma-inverters namamojula we-photovoltaic. Lokhu kulimala kusho izindleko ezengeziwe kumhlinzeki wesikhungo se-photovoltaic. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kunezindleko eziphakeme zokulungisa kodwa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwesikhungo kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isikhungo se-photovoltaic kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlanganiswe nokuvikelwa kombani okukhona kanye necebo lokubeka phansi.

Ukugwema lokhu kuphuma, amasu wokusebenzisa umbani nokuqhuma asetshenziswayo kumele ahlangane. Sikunikeza ukwesekwa okudingayo ukuze indawo yakho isebenze kahle futhi ihambise isivuno sayo esilindelekile! Kungakho kufanele uvikele ukufakwa kwakho kwe-photovoltaic yokukhanyisa nokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage kusuka ku-LSP:

• Ukuvikela ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sakho ne-PV
• Ukwandisa ukutholakala kohlelo
• Ukuze uvikele utshalomali lwakho

Amazinga nezidingo

Izindinganiso zamanje nezikhombisi-ndlela zokuvikelwa kwamandla okusebenzisa ngokweqile kumele kubhekwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ekwakhiweni nasekufakwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic.

I-European DIN VDE 0100 standard 712 / E DIN IEC 64/1123 / CD (Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zamandla kagesi aphansi, izidingo zemishini ekhethekile nezinsiza; izinhlelo zamandla we-photovoltaic) kanye nokucaciswa kokufakwa kwamazwe omhlaba ngezikhungo ze-PV - IEC 60364-7- 712 - womabili achaza ukukhethwa nokufakwa kokuvikelwa kokuqhamuka kwezinsiza ze-PV. Baphinde bancome amadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma phakathi kwamajenerali e-PV. Ekushicilelweni kwayo kwango-2010 kokuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwezakhiwo ezinokufakwa kwe-PV, i-Association of German Property Insurers (VdS) idinga> 10 kW umbani nokuvikelwa kwevoltage ngokuya ngombani ovikela isigaba III.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwakho kuphephile esikhathini esizayo, akusho ukuthi izingxenye zethu zithobela ngokuphelele zonke izidingo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulungiselelwa indinganiso yaseYurophu yezingxenye zokuvikela amandla okuqhuma. Leli zinga lizocacisa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwamandla okuqhuma kwamandla kufanele kuklanywe kangakanani ohlangothini lwe-DC lwezinhlelo ze-PV. Leli zinga okwamanje liyi-prEN 50539-11.

Izinga elifanayo manje selivele liyasebenza eFrance - i-UTE C 61-740-51. Imikhiqizo ye-LSP njengamanje ihlolelwa ukuhambisana nawo womabili amazinga ukuze ikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lezokuphepha.

Amamojula ethu wokuvikela ukuqhuma ku-Class I no-Class II (B no-C arresters) aqinisekisa ukuthi izenzeko zamandlalethi zikhawulelwe ngokushesha nokuthi i-current ikhishwa ngokuphepha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukulimala okubizayo noma amandla wokwehluleka kwamandla ngokuphelele esikhungweni sakho se-photovoltaic.

Okwezakhiwo ezinezinhlelo zokuvikela ukukhanya noma ngaphandle kwazo - sinomkhiqizo ofanele wazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza! Singaletha amamojula njengoba udinga - enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo futhi efakwe izintambo kuqala ezindlini.

Ukuhambisa amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-surge (SPDs) ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic

Amandla we-Photovoltaic ayinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla jikelele kusuka emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo. Kunezici ezithile ezikhethekile ezidinga ukucatshangelwa lapho kufakwa amadivayisi wokuvikela ama-surge (SPDs) ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic. Izinhlelo ze-Photovoltaic zinomthombo wamandla we-DC, onezici ezithile. Umqondo wohlelo kumele, ngakho-ke, uthathe lezi zici ezithile uzicabangele futhi uqondise ukusetshenziswa kwama-SPD ngokufanele. Isibonelo, imininingwane ye-SPD yezinhlelo ze-PV kufanele yakhelwe zombili ngamandla we-no-load we-generator yelanga (V_OC I-STC = amandla wesekethe ongalayishiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile) maqondana nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphezulu kohlelo nokuphepha.

Ukuvikelwa kombani kwangaphandle

Ngenxa yendawo yabo enkulu nendawo evulekile yokufakwa, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zibeka engcupheni kakhulu okukhiphayo emkhathini - njengombani. Kuleli qophelo, kunesidingo sokwehlukanisa phakathi kwemiphumela yeziteleka zombani eziqondile kanye neziteleka ezibizwa ngokungaqondile (ezingena ngaphakathi nangamandla). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sokuvikelwa kombani sincike ekuchazweni okujwayelekile kwamazinga afanele futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sokuvikelwa kombani sichitha ekubekweni okujwayelekile kwamazinga afanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuya ngesicelo uqobo, ngamanye amagama, kuya ngokuthi ngabe yisakhiwo noma ukufakwa kwenkambu. Ngokufakwa kwamabhilidi, umehluko udonswa phakathi kokufakwa kwe-generator ye-PV ophahleni lwesakhiwo somphakathi - ngohlelo olukhona lokuvikela umbani - nokufakwa ophahleni lwesibaya - ngaphandle kohlelo lokuvikela umbani. Ukufakwa kwensimu nakho kunikela ngamatshegethi amakhulu ngenxa yokuhleleka kwawo kwemodyuli enkulu; kulokhu, kunconywa isixazululo sangaphandle sokuvikela umbani kulolu hlobo lohlelo ukuvimbela iziteleka zokukhanya okuqondile.

Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zingatholakala ku-IEC 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), Supplement 2 (ukuhumusha ngokwezinga lokuvikelwa kombani noma izinga lobungozi LPL III) [2] kanye ne-Supplement 5 (umbani nokuvikelwa kokuqina kwezinhlelo zamandla we-PV) naku-VdS Directive 2010 [3], (uma izinhlelo ze-PV> 10 kW, lapho-ke ukuvikelwa kombani kuyadingeka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka izindlela zokuvikela ukuqhuma. Isibonelo, kufanele kukhethwe ukuhlukanisa amasistimu wokunqamula umoya ukuvikela i-PV generator. Kodwa-ke, uma kungenzeki ukugwema ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-generator ye-PV, ngamanye amazwi, ibanga lokwehlukana okuphephile alinakugcinwa, khona-ke imiphumela yemibani yombani engaphelele kufanele ibhekwe. Ngokuyisisekelo, izintambo ezivikelwe kufanele zisetshenziselwe ulayini omkhulu wama-generator ukugcina ama-overvoltages aphansi aphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingxenye enqamulelayo yanele (imin. 16 mm² Cu) ukuvikela ikhebula kungasetshenziswa ukwenza imisebe yombani engatheni. Okufanayo kusebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlu zensimbi ezivaliwe. Izinto ezifakwa endlebeni kufanele zixhunywe emikhawulweni yomibili yezintambo nezindlu zensimbi. Lokho kuqinisekisa ukuthi imigqa eyinhloko ye-generator iwela ngaphansi kwe-LPZ1 (Lightning Protection Zone); lokho kusho ukuthi uhlobo lwe-SPD 2 lwanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka uhlobo lwe-SPD 1.

Ukusetshenziswa nokucaciswa okulungile kwamadivayisi wokuvikela ukuqhuma

Ngokuvamile, kungenzeka ukuthi ubheke ukuthunyelwa nokucaciswa kwama-SPD kumasistimu we-voltage ephansi ohlangothini lwe-AC njengenqubo ejwayelekile; kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa kanye nemininingwane efanele yokwakhiwa kwama-generator e-PV DC kuseseyinselelo. Isizathu okokuqala ukuthi i-generator yelanga inezici zayo ezikhethekile futhi, okwesibili, ama-SPD athunyelwe esifundeni se-DC. Ama-SPD ajwayelekile enzelwa ukushintsha amandla kagesi hhayi amasistimu kagesi oqondile. Izilinganiso zomkhiqizo ezifanele [4] zimboze lezi zicelo iminyaka, futhi lezi zingasetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo kuzicelo zamandla kagesi e-DC. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi izintandokazi zohlelo lwe-PV phambilini zazitholakala, namuhla lezi sezivele zithola i-approx. I-1000 V DC kumjikelezo we-PV ongalayishiwe. Umsebenzi ukuqonda ukungqubuzana kwesistimu ngaleyo ndlela ngamadivayisi afanele wokuvikela ukuqhuma. Izikhundla lapho kufanele khona ngobuchwepheshe futhi ziyasebenza ukubeka ama-SPD ohlelweni lwe-PV kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lohlelo, umqondo wohlelo, nasendaweni ebonakalayo. Amanani 2 no 3 abonisa ukwehluka kwesimiso: Okokuqala, isakhiwo esinokuvikelwa kombani wangaphandle nohlelo lwe-PV olubekwe ophahleni (ukufakwa kwesakhiwo); okwesibili, uhlelo olunwebekayo lwamandla elanga (ukufakwa kwensimu), nalo olufakwe uhlelo lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbani. Esikhathini sokuqala - ngenxa yobude obufushane bekhebula - ukuvikelwa kumane nje kufakwe kokufakwayo kwe-DC kwe-inverter; esimweni sesibili ama-SPD afakiwe ebhokisini eligcina i-generator yelanga (ukuvikela amamojula elanga) kanye nokufakwa kwe-DC kwe-inverter (ukuvikela i-inverter). Ama-SPD kufanele afakwe eduze ne-generator ye-PV futhi asondele ne-inverter ngokushesha nje lapho ubude bekhebula obudingekayo phakathi kwe-PV generator ne-inverter budlulela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 (Umfanekiso 2). Isixazululo esijwayelekile sokuvikela uhlangothi lwe-AC, okusho ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-inverter nokunikezwa kwenethiwekhi, kufanele kutholakale ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-2 SPDs efakwe kokukhiphayo kwe-inverter futhi - esimweni sokufakwa kwesakhiwo ngokuvikelwa kombani kwangaphandle kuma-feed-in mains iphoyinti - ifakwe i-SPD yohlobo lwe-1 arrest arrester.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-SPD angakwazi ukwenza kahle uhlelo olunjalo oluphezulu ukuxhuma kwenkanyezi okuqukethe ama-varistor amathathu kufakazelwe ukuthi kunokwethenjelwa futhi sekusungulwe njenge-quasi-standard (Umdwebo 4). Uma iphutha lokufaka insimbi livela ama-varistor amabili ochungechungeni asasele, okuvimbela ngempumelelo i-SPD ukuthi igcwale ngokweqile.

Ukufingqa: ukujikeleza okuvikelayo okunamandla ngokuphelele okuvuza okukhona futhi ukusebenza kwengozi kwendlela yokunqamula kuvinjelwe. Esimweni esichazwe ngenhla, ukusabalala komlilo nakho kuvinjelwe ngempumelelo. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, noma yiliphi ithonya elivela kudivayisi yokuqapha ukwahlukanisa nalo liyagwenywa. Ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-insulation, kuhlale kukhona ama-varistor amabili ochungechungeni. Ngale ndlela, isidingo sokuthi amaphutha omhlaba kufanele avinjelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi siyahlangatshezwa. I-LSP's SPD yohlobo lwe-2 arrester SLP40-PV1000 / 3, U_I-CPV = I-1000Vdc inikezela ngesixazululo esivivinywe kahle, esisebenzayo futhi ihlolwe ukuhambisana nawo wonke amazinga akhona (UTE C 61-740-51 ne-prEN 50539-11) (Umdwebo 4). Ngale ndlela, sinikela ngezinga eliphakeme lokuphepha elitholakalayo ukuze lisetshenziswe kuma-circuits e-DC.

Izicelo ezingokoqobo

Njengoba sekushiwo, umehluko udonselwa phakathi kokufakwa kwamabhilidi nezinsimu kuzixazululo ezisebenzayo. Uma kufakwa isixazululo sangaphandle sombani, i-PV generator kufanele ngokukhethekile ihlanganiswe kulolu hlelo njengohlelo lwedivayisi yokubamba eyedwa. I-IEC 62305-3 icacisa ukuthi ibanga lokunqanyulwa komoya kufanele ligcinwe. Uma ingeke inakekelwe kufanele kucatshangelwe imiphumela yamaza ombani ayingxenye. Kuleli phuzu, indinganiso yokuvikelwa kombani i-IEC 62305-3 Supplements 2 isho eSigabeni 17.3: 'ukwehlisa izintambo ezivikelekile ezenziwe ngentambo kufanele zisetshenziselwe ulayini omkhulu we-generator'. Uma ingxenye enqamulelayo yanele (imin. 16 mm² Cu) ukuvikela ikhebula kungasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza imisinga yombani engatheni. I-Supplement (Umdwebo 5) - Ukuvikelwa kombani wezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic - ekhishwe yi-ABB (Committee for Lightning Protection and Lightning Research of the (German) Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies) ithi imigqa eyinhloko yama-generator kufanele ivikelwe . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ababulali bamanje bombani (uhlobo lwe-SPD 1) abadingeki, yize ama-voltage voltage arresters (SPD uhlobo 2) edingeka nhlangothi zombili. Njengoba uMdwebo 5 ukhombisa, umugqa omkhulu ovikelwe we-generator unikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo futhi uzuza isimo se-LPZ 1 kule nqubo. Ngale ndlela, abakwa-SPD type 2 arrest arresters bathunyelwe ngokuhambisana nokucaciswa kwamazinga.

Izixazululo ezilungele ukulingana

Ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa esizeni kuqondile ngangokunokwenzeka i-LSP inikeza izixazululo ezilungele ukuvikela izinhlangothi ze-DC ne-AC zama-inverters. Ama-plug-and-play PV amabhokisi anciphisa isikhathi sokufaka. I-LSP izophinda yenze imihlangano eqondene namakhasimende ngokwesicelo sakho. Imininingwane engaphezulu iyatholakala ku-www.lsp-international.com

Qaphela:

Izindinganiso eziqondiswe ezweni kanye nemihlahlandlela kumele kubhekwe

[1] I-DIN VDE 0100 (VDE 0100) ingxenye 712: 2006-06, Izidingo zokufakwa okukhethekile noma izindawo. Izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kukagesi zeSolar photovoltaic (PV)

[2] I-DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3) 2006-10 Ukuvikelwa Kombani, Ingxenye 3: Ukuvikelwa kwezinsiza nabantu, engeza 2, ukuhunyushwa ngokusho kwesigaba sokuvikela noma izinga lobungozi III LPL, Supplement 5, umbani kanye nokuvikelwa kokuqina kwezinhlelo zamandla we-PV

[3] Isiqondisi se-VdS 2010: 2005-07 Umbani oqonde ubungozi nokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka; Imihlahlandlela yokuvimbela ukulahleka, i-VdS Schadenverhütung Verlag (abashicileli)

[4] I-DIN EN 61643-11 (VDE 675-6-11): 2007-08 Amandla amancane okuvikela amadivayisi wokuvikela - Ingxenye 11: ukukhuphula amadivayisi wokuvikela ukuze asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zamandla ezinamandla amancane - izidingo nokuhlolwa

[5] IEC 62305-3 Ukuvikelwa emibani - Ingxenye 3: Ukulimala komzimba ezakhiweni kanye nasengozini yokuphila

[6] IEC 62305-4 Ukuvikelwa kombani - Ingxenye 4: Izinhlelo zikagesi nezikagesi ezingaphakathi kwezinhlaka

[7] prEN 50539-11 Amadivayisi wokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi - Amadivayisi wokuvikela amadivayisi wohlelo oluthile kufaka phakathi i-dc - Ingxenye 11: Izidingo kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-SPD kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photovoltaic

[8] Izinga lomkhiqizo waseFrance lokuvikelwa kokuqhuma endaweni ye-DC UTE C 61-740-51