Misalan aikace-aikacen SPD masu kariya masu ƙaruwa a cikin tsarin 230-400 V, Sharuɗɗa da Ma'anoni

Misalan aikace-aikacen SPD masu kariya masu ƙaruwa a cikin tsarin 230-400 V, Sharuɗɗa da Ma'anoni

EMC kariya ta walƙiya - yanki na yanki daidai da IEC 62305-4: 2010

Ƙungiyar Harkokin Walƙiya (LPZ)

Yankunan waje:
LPZ 0: Yankin da barazanar ta kasance saboda filin walƙiya na lantarki wanda ba a tantance shi ba kuma inda tsarin cikin gida zai iya fuskantar cikakken walƙiya ko tsawan tsawa.

LPZ 0 ya kasu zuwa:
LPZ 0A: Yankin da barazanar ta kasance saboda hasken walƙiya kai tsaye da kuma filin walƙiyar lantarki na lantarki. Tsarin cikin gida na iya zama ƙarƙashin cikakken ƙarfin walƙiya na yanzu.
LPZ 0B: Yanki mai kariya daga walƙiya kai tsaye amma inda barazanar shine cikakken walƙiyar filin lantarki. Tsarin cikin gida na iya fuskantar guguwar ruwan sama na wani lokaci.

Yankunan ciki (kariya daga walƙiya kai tsaye):
LPZ 1: Yankin da aka haɓaka yawan karuwar halin ta hanyar raba musayar yanzu da keɓance hanyoyin da / ko ta SPDs a kan iyaka. Kariyar sararin samaniya na iya rage karfin wutan lantarki.
LPZ 2… n: Yankin da za a iya ƙara iyakancewar ƙaruwa ta hanyar rabawar yanzu
da keɓance hanyoyin da / ko ta ƙarin SPDs a kan iyaka. Za a iya amfani da ƙarin garkuwar sararin samaniya don ƙara haɓaka filin walƙiya na lantarki.

Sharuɗɗa da Ma'anar

Devicesara na'urorin kariya (SPDs)

Devicesananan na'urori masu kariya suna ƙunshe da masu tsayayyar ƙarfin lantarki (varistors, suppressor diodes) da / ko gibin haske (hanyoyin fitarwa). Ana amfani da na'urori masu kariya don kare sauran kayan lantarki da girke-girke daga hawan hawan da ba za a iya yarda da su ba da / ko don kulla alaƙar aiki. An rarraba na'urori masu kariya

a) bisa ga amfani da su zuwa:

• Devicesara na'urori masu kariya don shigarwar samar da wutar lantarki da na'urori don ƙarfin lantarki mara ƙarfi har zuwa 1000 V

- gwargwadon EN 61643-11: 2012 zuwa nau'in 1/2/3 SPDs
- bisa ga IEC 61643-11: 2011 cikin aji I / II / III SPDs
Iyalan samfurin LSP zuwa sabon EN 61643-11: 2012 da IEC 61643-11: 2011 misali za'a kammala su a cikin shekarar 2014.

• Devicesara na'urori masu kariya don shigarwar kayan fasahar bayanai da na'urori
  don kare kayan aikin lantarki na zamani a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da siginar sigina tare da ƙananan ƙa'idodi har zuwa 1000 Vac (ƙimar tasiri) da 1500 Vdc akan kai tsaye da tasirin kai tsaye na tsawar walƙiya da sauran masu wucewa.

- a cewar IEC 61643-21: 2009 da EN 61643-21: 2010.

• Keɓe gibin da ke haifar da tsarin ƙarewar ƙasa ko kuma haɗa kayan aiki
  Geara na'urorin kariya don amfani a cikin tsarin hoto
  don wutar lantarki mara iyaka zuwa 1500 Vdc

- bisa ga EN 61643-31: 2019 (EN 50539-11: 2013 za a sauya), IEC 61643-31: 2018 zuwa nau'in 1 + 2, nau'in 2 (Class I + II, Class II) SPDs

b) gwargwadon ƙarfin tasirinsu na yanzu da tasirin kariya cikin:

• Masu kama da walƙiya masu ɗauke da walƙiya / masu ɗauke da walƙiya na yanzu don kare kayan aiki da kayan aiki daga tsangwama sakamakon sakamakon kai tsaye ko walƙiya na kusa (an girka a kan iyaka tsakanin LPZ 0A da 1).
• Masu kamawa da ƙarfi don kare shigarwa, kayan aiki, da ƙananan na'urori game da yaɗuwar walƙiya mai nisa, sauya juzu'i da kuma fitowar lantarki (wanda aka girka a kan iyakokin LPZ 0B).
• Hadaddun masu kamewa don kare kayan girke-girke, kayan aiki, da na'urar kawo karshen matsalar kutse ta hanyar kai tsaye ko kuma walƙiya ta kusa (an girka a kan iyakokin tsakanin LPZ 0A da 1 da kuma 0A da 2).

Bayanan fasaha na na'urorin kariya masu karuwa

Bayanan fasaha na na'urorin kariya masu karuwa suna hada bayanai kan yanayin amfani dasu gwargwadon:

• Aikace-aikace (misali shigarwa, mains yanayin, zazzabi)
• Aiki dangane da tsangwama (misali ƙarfin fitarwa na yanzu, bi iya kashewa a yanzu, matakin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki, lokacin amsawa)
• Aiki yayin aiki (misali maras muhimmanci yanzu, haɓakawa, juriya mai rufi)
• Aiki idan aka gaza (misali fiyu madadin, cire haɗin, rashin nasara, zabin siginar nesa)

Maras ƙarfin lantarki UN
Voltagearfin wutar lantarki yana tsaye don ƙarfin ƙarfin tsarin don kiyaye shi. Ofimar ƙarfin lantarki mara amfani sau da yawa yana aiki azaman nau'in keɓaɓɓu don na'urorin kariya masu ƙarfi don tsarin fasahar bayanai. An nuna shi azaman ƙimar rms don tsarin ac.

Matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki UC
Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki (matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki) ƙimar rms ce ta matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ƙila a haɗa shi da tashoshin da suka dace na na'urar kariya yayin tashin hankali. Wannan shi ne matsakaicin ƙarfin da ke jikin arrester a cikin yanayin da aka ayyana cewa ba ya gudanar da shi, wanda ke sake dawo da arrester ɗin zuwa wannan yanayin bayan ya yi tuntuɓe kuma ya sauke. UCimar UC ta dogara da ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin da za a kiyaye shi da bayanan mai sakawa (IEC 60364-5-534).

Nominal sallama yanzu In
Matsakaicin fitarwa na halin yanzu shine ƙimar mafi girman halin motsa jiki na 8/20 which wanda aka ƙaddara na'urar kariya ta tashin hankali a cikin wani shirin gwaji kuma wanda na'urar kariya ta karuwa zata iya fitarwa sau da yawa.

Yawan fitarwa na yanzu Imax
Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu shine iyakar ƙimar ƙimar halin 8/20 whichs wanda na'urar zata iya fitarwa cikin aminci.

Hasken walƙiya yana motsa Iimp na yanzu
Hanyar walƙiya ta halin yanzu ƙirar ƙa'ida ce ta yau da kullun tare da nau'in 10/350 μs. Sigogin sa (darajar koli, caji, takamaiman makamashi) suna kwaikwayon nauyin da hasken walƙiya ya haifar. Yanayin walƙiya da waɗanda ke haɗe masu kame dole ne su iya sauke irin wannan walƙiya da igiyar ruwa sau da yawa ba tare da halakarwa ba.

Jimlar fitarwa ta yanzu Itotal
A halin yanzu wanda ke gudana ta cikin PE, PEN ko haɗin duniya na SPD mai yawa yayin duka gwajin fitarwa na yanzu. Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don ƙayyade nauyin duka idan halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyoyi da yawa na kariya na SPD mai yawa. Wannan ma'aunin yana yanke hukunci don ƙarfin fitar da iska wanda za'a iya amintuwa dashi ta hanyar adadin hanyoyin SPD.

Matakan kariyar lantarki UP
Matakan kariyar ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar kariya mai ƙarfi shine matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tashoshin na'urar kariya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka ƙaddara daga daidaitattun gwajin mutum:
- voltagearfin wutar walƙiya mai saurin haske 1.2 / 50 (s (100%)
- voltagearfin wutar lantarki tare da haɓakar 1kV / μs
- limitarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙayyadadden ƙarfin fitarwa mai zuwa In
Matakin kariyar lantarki yana nuna karfin naurar kariya ta karuwa don iyakance tashin hankali zuwa matakin saura. Matakan kariyar lantarki ya bayyana wurin shigarwa dangane da rukunin yawan zafin jiki bisa ga IEC 60664-1 a tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Don amfani da na'urorin kariya masu ƙarfi a cikin tsarin fasahar bayanai, dole ne a daidaita matakin kare ƙarfin lantarki zuwa matakin rigakafin kayan aikin da za'a kiyaye (IEC 61000-4-5: 2001).

CCimar gajeriyar hanya ISCCR
Matsakaicin yanayin gajeren gajere na yanzu daga tsarin wutar lantarki wanda SPD, a ciki
hade tare da cire haɗin da aka kayyade, an kimanta shi

Short-kewaye juriya damar
Thearfin gajeren gajere shine ƙimar ƙarfin gajeren gajeren wutar lantarki mai saurin aiki wanda ake amfani da shi ta hanyar kariyar haɗari lokacin da aka haɗa madaidaicin madaidaitan fiyu.

ISididdigar gajeren ISCPV na SPD a cikin tsarin hoto (PV)
Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar yanayin rashin ƙarfi wanda SPD, shi kaɗai ko a haɗa tare da na'urorin cirewar sa, ke iya jurewa.

Overara ƙarfin ɗan lokaci (TOV)
Overarfin zafin lokaci na ɗan lokaci na iya kasancewa a cikin na'urar kariya ta tashin hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda lahani a cikin babban ƙarfin lantarki. Dole ne a rarrabe wannan a sarari daga ɗan lokaci mai zuwa wanda ya faru sakamakon walƙiya ko aikin sauyawa, wanda ba zai wuce kusan 1 ms ba. An ƙayyade amplitude UT da tsawon lokacin wannan wuce haddi na wucin gadi a cikin EN 61643-11 (200 ms, 5 s ko 120 min.) SPD na iya ko dai a) tabbatacce ya gaza (TOV aminci) ko b) ya zama mai juriya da TOV (tsayayyar TOV), ma'ana cewa yana aiki gaba ɗaya yayin biye da
overvoltages na ɗan lokaci.

Yanayin ɗaukar maras suna (na halin yanzu) IL
Matsayi na halin yanzu shine matsakaicin izinin aiki wanda zai iya gudana har abada ta hanyar tashoshin da suka dace.

Madugun kariya na yanzu IPE
Mai jagorar mai karewa shine halin yanzu wanda ke gudana ta hanyar haɗin PE lokacin da na'urar haɗakar haɓaka ke haɗuwa da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki UC, bisa ga umarnin shigarwa kuma ba tare da masu amfani da kaya ba.

Maɗaukakiyar kariya mai kariya ta gaba-gaba / arrester
Na'urar kariya mai wuce gona da iri (misali fius ko kuma keɓaɓɓen maɓallin kewayawa) wanda yake a waje da arrester a gefen maƙerin don katse wutar-mitar mai biyowa ta yanzu da zaran ƙarfin fashewar na'urar kariya ya wuce. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin fis ɗin madadin tun da an riga an haɗa fuse ta madadin a cikin SPD (duba sashin da ya dace).

Yanayin zafin jiki na aiki TU
Yanayin zafin jiki na aiki yana nuna zangon da za'a iya amfani da na'urori. Don na'urorin da ba na dumama kansu ba, daidai yake da kewayon yanayin zafi. Hawan zafin jiki don na'urori masu ɗumama kansu dole ne ya wuce ƙimar da aka nuna.

Lokacin amsawa tA
Lokacin amsawa yafi fasalin aikin amsawa na abubuwan kariya na mutum waɗanda aka yi amfani dasu a cikin waɗanda aka kama. Dogaro da ƙimar tashi du / dt na ƙarfin motsi ko di / dt na halin motsawar yanzu, lokutan amsawa na iya bambanta tsakanin wasu iyakoki.

Mai cirewa na asali
Devicesarin na'urori masu kariya don amfani a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki sanye take da masu tsayayyar wutar lantarki (varistors) galibi suna haɗe da haɗin haɓakar zafin jiki wanda zai katse na'urar kariya daga wutar lantarki idan aka cika aiki kuma ya nuna wannan yanayin aiki. Mai cire haɗin yana amsawa ga “zafi na yanzu” wanda aka sanya shi ta hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna kuma yana cire haɗin na'urar kariya daga wutar lantarki idan wani yanayin zafi ya wuce. An tsara haɗin haɗin don cire haɗin na'urar kariya ta caji da yawa a kan lokaci don hana wuta. Ba ana nufin tabbatar da kariya daga tuntuɓar kai tsaye ba. Za'a iya gwada aikin waɗannan haɗin haɗin na thermal ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyi / tsufa na waɗanda suka kama su.

Nesa lamba sigina
Lambar sigina mai nisa tana ba da sauƙin saka idanu daga nesa da nuni na yanayin aiki na na'urar. Yana fasalta da tashar tashar jirgin ruwa guda uku a cikin hanyar tuntuɓar canji. Ana iya amfani da wannan tuntuɓar azaman fashewa da / ko yin tuntuɓar kuma ta haka za'a iya haɗuwa da shi cikin tsarin sarrafa ginin, mai kula da gidan sauyawa, da sauransu

N-PE mai zane
Devicesara na'urorin kariya na musamman wanda aka tsara don shigarwa tsakanin mai gudanar da N da PE.

Haduwar igiyar ruwa
Haɗin haɗuwa yana haifar da wani janareta mai ƙarfin gaske (1.2 / 50 ,s, 8/20 μs) tare da ƙagaggen ƙalubalen 2 of. Ana kiran ƙarfin lantarki na wannan janareto kamar UOC. UOC alama ce da aka fi so don kamawa irin 3 tunda kawai waɗannan masu kama za a iya gwada su tare da haɗin haɗuwa (a cewar EN 61643-11).

Degree na kariya
Matsayin IP na kariya ya dace da nau'ikan kariya waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin IEC 60529.

Frequency kewayon
Yanayin mitar yana wakiltar zangon watsawa ko yawan yankewar abu na arrester gwargwadon halaye na haɓaka.

Kewaya mai kariya
Da'irori masu kariya sune matakai daban-daban, na'urorin kariya masu kariya. Matakan kariya na mutum na iya ƙunsar gibin walƙiya, rarrabuwar kawuna, abubuwan semiconductor da bututun iskar gas.

Dawowar asara
A cikin aikace-aikacen-mitar-mita, asarar dawowar tana nufin yadda sassa da yawa na “jagorancin” kalaman ke bayyana a cikin na'urar kariya (ƙarin hawan sama). Wannan ma'auni ne kai tsaye na yadda na'urar kariya take dacewa da halayen halayen tsarin.

An Cire daga Dokar INTERNATIONAL IEC 61643-11-2011 devicesananan na'urori masu kariya masu ƙarfi - Sashe na 11 devicesarfafa na'urorin kariya masu haɗi da ƙananan tsarin wutar lantarki - Bukatu da hanyoyin gwaji [Editionaba'a 1.0 2011-03]

Sharuɗɗa, ma'anoni da gajere

3.1 Sharuɗɗa da ma'ana
3.1.1
karuwa na'urar kariya ta SPD
na'urar da ta ƙunshi aƙalla ɓangaren abu mara layi wanda aka tsara don iyakance tashin hankali
da kuma karkatar da igiyar ruwa
NOTE: SPD cikakken taro ne, yana da hanyoyin haɗin da ya dace.

3.1.2
tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta SPD
SPD ba ta da mahimmancin jerin abubuwan da aka tsara
NOTE: Tashar tashar SPD guda ɗaya na iya samun rarrabuwa da haɗin fitarwa.

3.1.3
tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu SPD
SPD tana da takamaiman ƙarancin jerin abubuwan da aka haɗa tsakanin rariyar shigarwa da haɗin fitarwa

3.1.4
Nau'in sauya wutar lantarki SPD
SPD wacce ke da babban matsala lokacin da babu hauhawa, amma yana iya samun sauyi kwatsam cikin ƙarancin ƙima ga ƙimar darajar amsa ƙarfin ƙarfe
SAURARA: Misalai na yau da kullun na abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin nau'in canzawar wutar lantarki SPDs sune ratayoyin walƙiya, bututun gas da thyristors. Wadannan wasu lokuta ana kiransu da nau'ikan "nau'ikan kumbura".

3.1.5
Nau'in iyakantaccen lantarki SPD
SPD wacce ke da babban tasiri lokacin da babu hawan yanayi, amma zai rage ta ci gaba tare
surara ƙarfin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki
SAURARA: Misalai na yau da kullun na abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin iyakance iyakantaccen nau'in SPDs sune masu rarrabewa da ƙarancin diodes. Wadannan wasu lokuta ana kiransu "nau'in clamping".

3.1.6
nau'in haɗin SPD
SPD wanda ya haɗa duka, abubuwan sauya sauya ƙarfin lantarki da abubuwan iyakance ƙarfin lantarki.
SPD na iya nuna sauyawar ƙarfin lantarki, iyakancewa ko duka biyun

3.1.7
Nau'in gajeren gajere SPD
SPD an gwada shi gwargwadon gwajin Class II wanda ya canza halayensa zuwa gajeriyar hanya ta ciki saboda karuwar halin da ya wuce wanda yake fitarwa a halin yanzu In

3.1.8
yanayin kariya na SPD
hanyar da aka nufa ta yanzu, tsakanin tashoshi da ke ƙunshe da abubuwan kariya, misali layi-layi, layi-zuwa-ƙasa, layi-zuwa-tsaka-tsaki, tsaka-tsaki-da-ƙasa.

3.1.9
gabatarwa mara izini don gwajin aji na II A cikin
creimar ƙimar ta yanzu ta hanyar SPD da ke da fasalin igiyar ruwa na yanzu 8/20

3.1.10
halin fitarwa na yanzu don aji Na gwada Iimp
valueimar fitarwa ta halin yanzu ta hanyar SPD tare da takamaiman cajin canja wuri Q da takamaiman makamashi W / R a cikin ajiyayyen lokaci

3.1.11
matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki UC
matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin rms, wanda ƙila za a ci gaba da amfani da shi zuwa yanayin kariya ta SPD
NOTE: Theimar UC ɗin da wannan matakin ya rufe na iya wuce 1 000 V.

3.1.12
bi na yanzu Idan
ƙwanƙolin lokacin da aka samar da shi ta hanyar tsarin wutar lantarki kuma yana gudana ta cikin SPD bayan fitarwa na halin yanzu

3.1.13
kimar nauyin halin yanzu IL
matsakaicin ci gaba da aka ƙayyade rms na yanzu wanda za'a iya samar dashi zuwa ɗaukar nauyi mai haɗuwa
kariyar fitarwa ta SPD

3.1.14
matakin kare ƙarfin lantarki UP
matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da ake tsammani a tashoshin SPD saboda tsananin damuwa tare da ƙayyadadden ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki da damuwa mai motsawa tare da fitarwa mai gudana tare da ba da ƙarfi da igiyar ruwa.
SAURARA: Matakin kariyar lantarki ya samu ne daga masana'anta kuma bazai yuwu ya wuce ta:
- ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade, wanda aka ƙaddara don ƙwanƙwasawar gaba (idan an zartar) da ƙarfin iyakancewar da aka auna, wanda aka ƙaddara daga sauran matakan ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya dace da In da / ko Iimp bi da bi don ajin gwaji II da / ko I;
- ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade a UOC, wanda aka ƙaddara don raƙuman haɗuwa don ajin aji na III.

3.1.15
auna iyakance ƙarfin lantarki
mafi girman darajar ƙarfin lantarki wanda aka auna a ƙarshen tashoshin SPD yayin aikace-aikacen buƙatu na takamaiman igiyar ruwa da amplitude

3.1.16
saura ƙarfin lantarki Ures
ofimar ƙarfin lantarki wanda ya bayyana tsakanin tashoshin SPD saboda izinin fitowar halin yanzu

3.1.17
testimar gwajin wuce gona da iri ta UT
gwajin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa SPD don takamaiman lokacin tT, don daidaita damuwar ƙarƙashin yanayin TOV

3.1.18
surarawar gefen lodi don tsayayya da damar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta SPD
ikon tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta SPD mai tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu don tsayayya da hauhawa a kan tashoshin fitarwa waɗanda suka samo asali daga kewayen kewaye da SPD

3.1.19
ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tashar SPD mai tashar jiragen ruwa biyu
canjin canjin ƙarfin lantarki tare da lokacin da aka auna a tashoshin fitarwa na tashar tashar SPD guda biyu ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwajin

3.1.20
1,2 / 50 ƙarfin lantarki motsawa
arfin ƙarfin lantarki tare da lokacin gaban gaban kamala na 1,2 μs da lokaci maras muhimmanci zuwa rabin darajar 50 μs
NOTE: Magana ta 6 na IEC 60060-1 (1989) tana fassara ma'anar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lokaci na gaba, lokaci zuwa ƙimar ragowa da haƙuri haƙuri.

3.1.21
8/20 halin yanzu
halin yanzu tare da lokacin gaban gaban kamala na 8 ands da lokaci maras muhimmanci zuwa rabin darajar 20 μs
NOTE: Magana ta 8 na IEC 60060-1 (1989) tana bayyana mahimmancin fassarar halin gaban lokaci, lokaci zuwa ƙimar rabi da haƙurin raƙuman ruwa.

3.1.22
hade kalaman
igiyar ruwa wacce aka bayyana ta ƙayyadadden ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki (UOC) da zafin igiyar ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin kewaye-zagaye da sifa mai fa'ida a yanzu (ICW) da kuma yanayin igiyar ruwa a ƙarƙashin gajeren hanya.
NOTE: Thearfin ƙarfin ƙarfin, ƙarfin yanzu da igiyar ruwa da aka kawo zuwa SPD an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar haɗin janareta mai haɗuwa (CWG) ƙarancin Zf da ƙin DUT.
3.1.23
bude wutar lantarki UOC
bude ƙarfin lantarki na haɗin janareta mai haɗuwa a haɗin haɗin na'urar a ƙarƙashin gwaji

3.1.24
hade janareto mai hada gajeren zango na yanzu ICW
yiwuwar gajeren gajeren gajere na haɗin janareta mai haɗuwa, a ƙarshen haɗin na'urar a ƙarƙashin gwaji
NOTE: Lokacin da aka haɗa SPD zuwa janareta mai haɗuwa, halin da yake gudana ta cikin na'urar gabaɗaya bai kai ICW ba.

3.1.25
kwanciyar hankali na zafi
SPD tana da kwanciyar hankali idan, bayan ta dumama yayin gwajin aikin, yanayin zafin nata yana raguwa tare da lokaci yayin da yake samun kuzari a takamaiman matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki da yanayin yanayin yanayin zafin da ke bayyane.

3.1.26
raguwa (na aiki)
tashi na dindindin wanda ba a so a cikin aikin kayan aiki ko tsarin daga aikin da aka nufa

3.1.27
CCididdigar gajeren gajeren lokaci ISCCR
Matsakaicin gajeren gajere na yanzu daga tsarin wutar lantarki wanda SPD, tare da haɗin haɗin haɗin da aka kayyade, aka ƙaddara Hukumar Kula da Kayan Lantarki Ta Duniya

3.1.28
SPD cirewa (cire haɗin)
na'urar don cire haɗin SPD, ko wani ɓangare na SPD, daga tsarin wutar lantarki
SAURARA: Ba a buƙatar wannan na'urar cire haɗin don samun damar keɓewa don dalilai na aminci. Shine don hana ci gaba da laifi akan tsarin kuma ana amfani dashi don ba da alamar gazawar SPD. Masu cire haɗin na iya zama na ciki (an gina su a ciki) ko na waje (wanda masana'anta ke buƙata). Zai iya zama aikin cire haɗin sama da ɗaya, misali aikin kariya na yanzu-yanzu da aikin kariyar zafi. Waɗannan ayyuka na iya zama a cikin raka'a daban.

3.1.29
digiri na kariya daga IP
rarrabuwa ta hanyar alama ta IP mai nuna irin kariyar da aka bayar ta hanyar shinge daga isa ga sassan haɗari, da shigar abubuwa masu ƙwari na ƙasashen waje da yiwuwar shigar ruwa mai cutarwa

3.1.30
nau'in gwaji
gwajin daidaitawa da aka yi akan ɗayan ko fiye da abubuwa wakilin samarwa [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-16]

3.1.31
gwajin yau da kullun
gwajin da aka yi akan kowane SPD ko kan sassa da kayan aiki kamar yadda ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa samfurin ya haɗu da ƙayyadaddun ƙira [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-17, wanda aka gyara]

3.1.32
gwaje-gwajen karba
gwajin kwangila don tabbatar wa abokin ciniki cewa abun ya cika wasu sharuɗɗan ƙayyadaddun sa [IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-23]

3.1.33
rarraba hanyar sadarwa
wata hanyar lantarki da aka tsara don hana haɓakar ƙaruwa daga yaduwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar wuta yayin gwajin kuzarin SPDs
SAURARA: Wannan kirarin na lantarki wani lokaci ana kiransa "mai tace baya".

3.1.34
Rarraba gwajin gwaji

3.1.34.1
aji Na gwada
gwaje-gwajen da aka yi tare da motsawar motsawar Iimp ta yanzu, tare da motsawar 8/20 na yanzu tare da mahimmin ƙimar daidai da darajar Iimp, kuma tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin 1,2 / 50

3.1.34.2
gwajin II
gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar tare da fitarwa mai ƙarancin halin yanzu In, da ƙarfin ƙarfin 1,2 / 50

3.1.34.3
gwajin III
gwaje-gwajen da aka yi tare da ƙarfin 1,2 / 50 - 8/20 mai hada janareta na yanzu

3.1.35
saura RCD na'urar yanzu
sauya na'urar ko na'urorin haɗi waɗanda aka yi niyya don haifar da buɗewar wutar lantarki lokacin da saura ko rashin daidaituwa a halin yanzu ya sami ƙimar da aka bayar a ƙayyadaddun yanayi

3.1.36
wutar lantarki mai sauya SPD
ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai sauya SPD
matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin wuta wanda kwatsam canji daga babban zuwa ƙananan ƙarancin farawa don sauya wutar lantarki SPD

3.1.37
takamaiman makamashi don aji Na gwada W / R.
energyarfin makamashi wanda ya rabu da juriya na 1 Ώ tare da motsawar motsawar yanzu Iimp
SAURARA: Wannan daidai yake da lokacin haɗin murabba'in na yanzu (W / R = ∫ i 2d t).

3.1.38
yiwuwar gajeren gajeren gajere na yanzu na samar da wutar lantarki IP
halin yanzu wanda zai gudana a wurin da aka bayar a cikin da'ira idan an taƙaita shi a wannan wurin ta hanyar haɗin ƙarancin rashin yarda
SAURARA: Ana bayyana wannan yanayin mai zuwa ta ƙimar rms.

3.1.39
bi halin katsewa na yanzu Ifi
mai yiwuwa gajeran gajeren gajere wanda SPD zata iya katsewa ba tare da aiki da katsewar ba

3.1.40
saura halin yanzu IPE
yanzu yana gudana ta cikin tashar PE na SPD yayin da yake da kuzari a ƙarfin gwajin gwaji (UREF) lokacin da aka haɗa shi bisa ga umarnin masana'anta

3.1.41
alamar nuna matsayi
na'urar da ke nuna matsayin aiki na SPD, ko wani ɓangare na SPD.
SAURARA: Waɗannan alamun suna iya zama na gida ne tare da ƙararrawa na gani da / ko na ji kuma / ko kuma suna da sigina mai nisa da / ko damar tuntuɓar fitarwa.

3.1.42
Adireshin fitarwa
lambar sadarwar da aka haɗa a cikin keɓaɓɓen kewaya daga babban kewayen SPD, kuma yana da alaƙa da cire haɗin ko nuna alama

3.1.43
Multipole SPD
nau'in SPD tare da yanayi na kariya sama da ɗaya, ko haɗuwa da haɗin SPDs masu haɗin lantarki da aka bayar azaman naúrar

3.1.44
duka fitarwa na yanzu ITotal
halin yanzu wanda ke gudana ta cikin PE ko PEN mai gudanar da SPD mai yawa yayin duka gwajin fitarwa na yanzu
SAURARA 1: Manufar ita ce la'akari da tasirin tarin abubuwa da ke faruwa yayin halaye masu yawa na kariyar SPD da yawa a lokaci guda.
NOTE 2: ITotal yafi dacewa da SPDs waɗanda aka gwada bisa ga ajin gwajin I, kuma ana amfani dashi don maƙasudin haɗin haɗin walƙiya bisa ga jerin IEC 62305.

3.1.45
tunani gwajin ƙarfin lantarki UREF
Rms na ƙarfin ƙarfin wutan lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi don gwaji wanda ya dogara da yanayin kariya na SPD, ƙarfin lantarki mara ƙarfi, tsarin tsarin da tsarin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tsarin
SAURARA: An zaɓi ƙarfin gwajin gwajin daga Annex A bisa ga bayanin da mai ƙirar ya bayar bisa ga 7.1.1 b8).

3.1.46
miƙa mulki ya hauhawar darajar yanzu don nau'in gajere mai zagaye na SPD Itrans
8/20 motsi na yau da kullun wanda ya wuce halin fitarwa na yanzu In, hakan zai haifar da nau'in SPD na gajeren hanya zuwa gajeren hanya

3.1.47
Tagearfin wuta don tabbatar da ƙuduri Umax
mafi girman ƙarfin da aka auna yayin aikace-aikacen haɓaka bisa ga 8.3.3 don ƙaddara yarda

3.1.48
matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu Imax
imar halin yanzu ta hanyar SPD da ke da fasalin igiyar ruwa 8/20 da girma bisa ga
ga ƙayyadaddun masana'antun. Imax yayi daidai da ko girma daga In

3.2 Gajerun kalmomi

Tebur 1 - Jerin Gajerun kalmomi

4 Yanayin sabis
Sau 4.1
Yanayin mita daga 47 Hz zuwa 63 Hz ac

4.2 awon karfin wuta
Ana amfani da wutar lantarki ta ci gaba tsakanin tashoshin na'urar kariya (SPD)
dole ne ya wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki UC.

4.3 Matsa iska da tsawo
Matsayin iska shine 80 kPa zuwa 106 kPa. Wadannan dabi'u suna wakiltar tsawan + 2 000 m zuwa -500 m, bi da bi.

4.4 Yanayin zafi

• Matsakaicin yanayi: -5 ° C zuwa + 40 ° C
  NOTE: Wannan zangon yana magana da SPDs don amfanin cikin gida a wurare masu kariya na yanayi wanda ba shi da yanayin zafi ko ƙarancin zafi kuma ya dace da halaye na lambar tasirin waje AB4 a cikin IEC 60364-5-51.
• fadada kewayon: -40 ° C zuwa +70 ° C
  NOTE: Wannan zangon yana bayani akan SPDs don amfanin waje a wuraren da ba'a kiyaye yanayin ba.

4.5 Danshi mai zafi

• Matsakaici na al'ada: 5% zuwa 95%
  SAURARA Wannan zangon yana magana da SPDs don amfanin cikin gida a wurare masu kariya na yanayi wanda ba shi da yanayin zafi ko ƙarancin zafi kuma ya dace da halaye na lambar tasirin waje AB4 a cikin IEC 60364-5-51.
• tsawan zangon: 5% zuwa 100%
  SAURARA Wannan zangon yana magana da SPDs don amfanin waje a wuraren da ba a kiyaye yanayin ba.

5 Rabuwa
Maƙerin zai rarraba SPDs daidai da waɗannan sigogi masu zuwa.
5.1 Yawan tashar jiragen ruwa
5.1.1 Daya
5.1.2 Biyu
5.2 SPD zane
5.2.1 Canjin wutar lantarki
5.2.2 Iyakance karfin wuta
5.2.3 Haɗuwa
5.3 Gwajin Class I, II da III
Bayanin da ake buƙata don ajin I, aji na II da na aji III an ba su a cikin Table 2.

Tebur na 2 - Jarabawar I, II da III