DC Surge Protection Devices for PV Kuyika

Dzuwa PV Combiner Bokosi DC Akukonda zitetezeni Chipangizo

Chifukwa ma DC Surge Protection Devices for PV Installations amayenera kupangidwa kuti athe kuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa, ali pachiwopsezo chazowopsa za mphezi. Kutha kwa gulu la PV kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi malo ake otseguka, chifukwa chake zochitika za mphezi zimakulira ndi kukula kwadongosolo. Pomwe kuwunikira kumachitika pafupipafupi, makina a PV osatetezedwa amatha kuwonongeka mobwerezabwereza ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu pazinthu zofunika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukonza kwakukulu ndikuwononga ndalama, nthawi yopumula ndi kutayika kwa ndalama. Zida zopangidwa bwino, zotchulidwa ndikuyika zida zodzitchinjiriza (SPDs) zimachepetsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mphezi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi makina oteteza mphezi.

Makina otetezera mphezi omwe amaphatikizira zinthu zoyambira monga ma eyapoti, ma conductor oyenera, kulumikizana kwa zida zonse zomwe zilipo pakadali pano ndi mfundo zoyenera zimapereka chitseko choteteza kunyanyala. Ngati pali vuto lililonse la chiwopsezo cha mphezi patsamba lanu la PV, ndikulimbikitsani kulemba ntchito katswiri wamagetsi waluso pantchitoyi kuti apereke kafukufuku wowunika za ngozi ndi kapangidwe ka chitetezo ngati kuli kofunikira.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa chitetezo cha mphezi ndi ma SPD. Cholinga cha chitetezo cha mphezi ndikuwombera mphezi mwachindunji kudzera pamakondakitala omwe akunyamula anthu pano padziko lapansi, ndikupulumutsa nyumba ndi zida kuti zisakhale panjira yotulutsidwayo kapena kumenyedwa mwachindunji. Ma SPD amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi kuti apereke njira yotulutsira padziko lapansi kuti ipulumutse zida za makinawa kuti zisawoneke pamagetsi othamanga omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mphezi kapena zolakwika zamagetsi. Ngakhale pali njira yotetezera mphezi kunja kwake, popanda ma SPD, zotsatira za mphezi zitha kuwonongera zinthu.

Zolinga za nkhaniyi, ndikuganiza kuti njira zina zotetezera mphezi zilipo ndikuwunika mitundu, magwiridwe ake, ndi maubwino owonjezeranso ntchito ma SPD oyenera. Pogwirizana ndi makina oteteza mphezi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma SPD m'malo ofunikira kumateteza zigawo zikuluzikulu monga ma inverters, ma module, zida m'mabokosi ophatikizira, ndi kuyeza, kuwongolera, ndi kulumikizana.

Kufunika kwa ma SPD

Kupatula pazotsatira zakuthwa kwamphezi kumagulu azolumikizana, kulumikiza kulumikizana kwa magetsi kumatha kutengeka ndi ma trinensi amagetsi opumira. Zoyenda mwachindunji kapena m'njira zina chifukwa cha mphezi, komanso zakanthawi kochepa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, zimawonetsa zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi pazowononga kwambiri zazifupi kwambiri (makumi mpaka ma microseconds). Kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu lomwe lingawoneke ndikuwonongeka kwamakina ndi kutsata kaboni kapena kukhala kosazindikirika komabe kuyambitsa chida kapena dongosolo kulephera.

Kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri kumawononga ma dielectric ndi zotchingira zida za PV system mpaka padzakhala kuwonongeka komaliza. Kuphatikiza apo, ma voliyumu amtundu wamagetsi amatha kuwonekera pamayeso, olamulira ndi kulumikizana. Maulendowa amatha kuwoneka ngati zizindikilo zolakwika kapena chidziwitso, zomwe zimayambitsa zida kuti zisayende bwino kapena kuzimitsa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma SPD kumachepetsa izi chifukwa zimagwira ntchito ngati zida zazifupi kapena zomata.

Makhalidwe Aumisiri a SPDs

Ukadaulo wofala kwambiri wa SPD womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto a PV ndi metal oxide varistor (MOV), womwe umagwira ngati chida cholumikizira magetsi. Matekinoloje ena a SPD amaphatikizira diode ya silicon avalanche, mipata yolamulidwa, ndi machubu otulutsa mpweya. Omaliza awiriwa akusintha zida zomwe zimawoneka ngati ma circuits afupi kapena ma crowbars. Ukadaulo uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndikupangitsa kuti usakhale woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza kwa zida izi kumathanso kulumikizidwa kuti zipereke mawonekedwe abwino kuposa momwe amaperekera payekhapayekha. Tebulo 1 limatchula mitundu yayikulu ya SPD yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'machitidwe a PV ndikufotokozera momwe amagwirira ntchito.

SPD iyenera kusintha mayiko mwachangu kwakanthawi kanthawi kochepa komwe kulipo ndikukwaniritsa kukula kwakanthawi kopanda kulephera. Chipangizocho chiyeneranso kuchepetsa kutsika kwama voliyumu kudera la SPD kuti titeteze zida zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo. Pomaliza, ntchito ya SPD sayenera kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a dera limenelo.

Makhalidwe a SPD amafotokozedwa ndi magawo angapo omwe aliyense amene akusankha ma SPD ayenera kumvetsetsa. Nkhaniyi imafunikira zambiri zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa pano, koma zotsatirazi ndi zina mwa magawo omwe akuyenera kuganiziridwa: kuchuluka kwamagetsi opitilira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ac kapena dc, kutulutsa mwadzina kwamakono (kotanthauzidwa ndi ukulu ndi mawonekedwe amawu), mulingo wachitetezo cha magetsi (the mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imakhalapo pomwe SPD ikutulutsa zina zaposachedwa) ndi kuphulika kwakanthawi kochepa (kuphulika kopitilira muyeso komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwakanthawi osawononga SPD).

Ma SPD ogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyana siyana amatha kuyikidwa m'ma circuits omwewo. Komabe, ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti awonetsetse kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pawo. Zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimatulutsa kwambiri ziyenera kutulutsa zazikulu kwambiri pakadali pano pomwe ukadaulo winawo umachepetsa mphamvu yotsalira yotsalira kufikira kutsika kocheperako.

SPD iyenera kukhala ndi chida chodzitetezera chomwe chimachichotsa kudera ngati chipangizocho chilephera. Kuti izi zitheke, ma SPD ambiri amawonetsa mbendera yomwe imawonetsa kuti sakulumikizidwa. Kuwonetsa momwe SPD ilili kudzera pagulu lothandizirana ndi olumikizana ndi gawo lowonjezera lomwe lingapereke chisonyezo kudziko lakutali. Chofunika china chofunikira kuganizira ndi ngati SPD imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lotetezedwa ndi chala, lochotsa lomwe limalola gawo lolephera kuti lisinthidwe mosavuta popanda zida kapena kufunikira kolimbikitsira dera.

AC Surge Protection Devices for PV Kukambirana

Mphezi zimawalira kuchokera kumitambo kupita ku makina oteteza mphezi, kapangidwe ka PV kapena malo oyandikana nawo amachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale yotheka potengera malo akutali. Otsogolera omwe amayenda mtunda wamawa akuwonetsa zida kuzipangizo zazikulu. Zotsatira zakukwera komwe kungakhalepo pamtunda zimachitika makamaka pakalumikizana pakati pa PV yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi ntchito yolowera pakhomo lantchito-pomwe malo amderalo amalumikizidwa ndi magetsi kumalo akutchulidwa akutali.

Chitetezo chowonjezeka chiyenera kuikidwa pakhomo lolowera ntchito kuti muteteze mbali yogwiritsira ntchito inverter pazowononga zochepa. Zomwe zimapezeka patsamba lino ndizapamwamba kwambiri komanso zazitali ndipo chifukwa chake ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi chitetezo chazambiri ndikuwonetsa bwino zomwe zikuchitika pano. Mipata yolumikizidwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi ma MOV ndiabwino pachifukwa ichi. Kuthetheka kusiyana luso akhoza kumalowetsa mafunde mkulu mphezi ndi kupereka equipotential kulumikiza ntchito pa mphezi chosakhalitsa. MOV yolumikizidwa imatha kupanikiza mphamvu yotsalira pamlingo wovomerezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zakukwera kwapadziko lapansi, mbali ya ac ya inverter itha kukhudzidwa ndi zotengera zomwe zimayatsidwa ndi mphezi zomwe zimawonekeranso pakhomo lolowera. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida, kutetezedwa koyenera kwa AC kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi malo amtundu wa inverter momwe zingathere, ndi njira yachidule komanso yowongoka kwambiri kwa oyendetsa madera okwanira. Kusagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kameneka kumapangitsa kutsika kwamagetsi kosafunikira mu SPD pakumasulidwa ndikuwonetsa zida zotetezedwa kumtunda kwakanthawi kochepa kuposa koyenera.

DC Surge Protection Devices for PV Kukambirana

Kuwombera kwachindunji kumalo oyandikira (kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha mphezi), ndi kuunika kwapakati ndi mkati komwe kungakhale kwakukulu kwa 100 kA kumatha kuyambitsa maginito ogwirizana omwe amachititsa mafunde osakhalitsa kulowa mu PV system dc cabling. Ma voltages osakhalitsa amawoneka m'malo amalo ogwiritsira ntchito ndipo amachititsa kutchinjiriza ndi kulephera kwa dielectric pazinthu zazikulu.

Kukhazikitsa ma SPD m'malo omwe atchulidwa kumachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi opumira ndi amphezi. SPD imayikidwa mofananirana pakati pa oyendetsa amphamvu ndi nthaka. Amasintha dziko kuchokera pachipangizo chokwera kwambiri kupita pachipangizo chotsika kwambiri pomwe chiwombankhanga chimachitika. Pakukonzekera uku, SPD imatulutsa zomwe zikupezeka posachedwa, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zikadakhalapo m'malo opangira zida. Chida chofananachi sichikhala ndi katundu aliyense pano. SPD yosankhidwa iyenera kupangidwa mwapadera, kuvoteledwa ndikuvomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pama voltages a dc PV. Kulumikizana kophatikizira kwa SPD kuyenera kusokoneza DC arc, yomwe sikupezeka pa ntchito za ac.

Kulumikiza ma module a MOV mu Y kasinthidwe ndimomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a SPD pamakina akuluakulu azamalonda ndi othandizira a PV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi otseguka a 600 kapena 1,000 Vdc. Mwendo uliwonse wa Y uli ndi gawo la MOV lolumikizidwa pamtengo uliwonse ndi pansi. M'dongosolo losazunguliridwa, pali ma module awiri pakati pamtengo uliwonse, komanso pakati pa mzati ndi nthaka. Mukukonzekera uku, gawo lililonse limavoteledwa theka la magetsi, kotero ngakhale vuto lolowera pansi, ma module a MOV sakupitilira kuchuluka kwake.

Zolingalira za Nonpower System Surge Protection

Monga momwe zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida zake zimakhudzika ndi zotsatira za mphezi, momwemonso zida zomwe zimapezeka muyeso, kuwongolera, zida, SCADA ndi njira zoyankhulirana zogwirizana ndi izi. Pazochitikazi, lingaliro loyambira lachitetezo chimafanana ndi ma circuits amagetsi. Komabe, chifukwa chida ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosalolera kukokomeza kwaposachedwa kwambiri ndipo chimatha kugwidwa ndi zikwangwani zolakwika ndikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuwonjezerapo kwa zinthu zingapo kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu m'mabwalo, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pamachitidwe a SPD iliyonse yomwe yawonjezeredwa. Ma SPD apadera amafunsidwa kutengera kuti zinthuzi zimalumikizana kudzera pazokhota, CAT 6 Ethernet kapena coaxial RF. Kuphatikiza apo, ma SPD omwe amasankhidwa kuti apange ma circuits opanda mphamvu akuyenera kutulutsa mafunde osakhalitsa osalephera, kuti apereke mphamvu zokwanira zotetezera magetsi ndikupewa kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito - kuphatikiza ma impedance angapo, mzere ndi mzere ndi ma capacitance apansi komanso ma frequency bandwidth .

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwapadera Kwambiri kwa ma SPD

Ma SPD akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi kwa zaka zambiri. Maseketi ambiri amakono akusintha machitidwe amakono. Mwakutero, zida zambiri zodzitetezera zapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'ma ac machitidwe. Tsoka ilo, kuyambitsidwa kwaposachedwa kwamakampani akuluakulu a PV ogulitsa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa makina omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kwabweretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ku mbali ya DC ya ma SPD opangira machitidwe a ac. Pakadali pano, ma SPD amachita molakwika, makamaka pakulephera kwawo, chifukwa cha machitidwe a dc PV.

Ma MOV amapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri okhala ma SPD. Ngati adavoteredwa moyenera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, amachita bwino munjira imeneyi. Komabe, monga zinthu zonse zamagetsi, atha kulephera. Kulephera kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kutenthetsa kozungulira, kutulutsa mafunde omwe ndiochulukirapo kuposa momwe chipangizocho chimapangidwira, kutulutsa kangapo kapena kukumana ndi zovuta zamagetsi.

Chifukwa chake, ma SPD adapangidwa ndi chosinthira cholumikizira ndi thermally chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi kulumikizana kofananira ndi dera lamphamvu la dc kukakhala kofunikira. Popeza kuti zina zamakono zimadutsa pomwe SPD imalowa munjira yosalephera, arc pang'ono imawoneka ngati switch yamagetsi yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dera la ac, kuwoloka koyamba kwa zero komwe kumachotsera jenereta kuzimitsa arc, ndipo SPD imachotsedwa bwino mdera. Ngati ac SPD yomweyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mbali ya dc ya PV system, makamaka voltages, palibe zero yodutsika pakadali pano mu dc waveform. Kusintha kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi sikutha kuzimitsa arc wapano, ndipo chipangizocho chimalephera.

Kuyika njira yofananira yolowera mozungulira MOV ndi njira imodzi yogonjetsera kuzimitsa kwa dc vuto la arc. Ngati kutseguka kwa mafuta kumagwira ntchito, arc imawonekerabe pamalumikizidwe ake oyamba; koma arc current imatumizidwanso munjira yofananira yomwe ili ndi fuseji yomwe arc imazimitsidwa, ndipo fusayo imasokoneza vuto lomwe liripo.

Kusunthira kumtunda patsogolo pa SPD, monga momwe kungagwiritsidwire ntchito pa machitidwe a ac, sikoyenera pamakina a dc. Maulendo apafupipafupi omwe amapezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito fyuzi (monga chida chotetezera mopitilira muyeso) sangakhale okwanira jenereta ikakhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako. Zotsatira zake, opanga ena a SPD aganizira izi momwe amapangira. UL yasintha muyezo wake wakale ndi zowonjezera zake ku njira yaposachedwa kwambiri yotetezera-UL 1449. Mtundu wachitatuwu ukugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamawonekedwe a PV.

Mndandanda wa SPD

Ngakhale chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mphezi chomwe ma PV ambiri amakhala nacho, chitha kutetezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma SPD ndi makina oteteza mphezi moyenera. Kukhazikitsa kwa SPD koyenera kuyenera kukhala ndi izi:

• Konzani zolondola m'dongosolo
• Zofuna kuchotsa
• Kukhazikitsa koyenera komanso kulumikizana kwa zida-pansi
• Kutulutsa mavoti
• Mpweya woteteza mphamvu
• Kuyenera kwadongosolo lomwe likufunsidwa, kuphatikiza dc motsutsana ndi ma application
• Njira yolephera
• Chizindikiro chakomweko komanso chakutali
• Ma module osinthika mosavuta
• Ntchito yabwinobwino siyenera kukhudzidwa, makamaka pamakina osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu