Kuteteza kwa mphezi ndi kutentha kwa makina okhala padenga la photovoltaic

Pakadali pano, makina ambiri a PV akhazikitsidwa. Kutengera ndi kuti magetsi omwe amadzipangira okha amakhala otsika mtengo ndipo amapereka kudziyimira pawokha pamagetsi kuchokera pagululi, makina a PV adzakhala gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa magetsi mtsogolo. Komabe, makinawa amakumana ndi nyengo zonse ndipo amayenera kupirira nawo kwazaka zambiri.

Zingwe za makina a PV nthawi zambiri zimalowa mnyumbamo ndikufutukula mtunda wautali mpaka zikafika panjira yolumikizira gridi.

Kutulutsa kwa mphezi kumapangitsa kuti magetsi asokonezeke. Izi zimawonjezeka poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa chingwe kapena malupu oyendetsa. Ma Surges samangowononga ma module a PV, ma inverters ndi zida zawo zowunikira komanso zida zomangamanga.

Chofunika kwambiri, malo opangira nyumba za mafakitale amathanso kuwonongeka mosavuta ndipo zopangika zitha kuyima.

Ngati ma surges alowetsedwa m'makina omwe ali kutali ndi gridi yamagetsi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti makina odziyimira pawokha a PV, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (monga zida zamankhwala, madzi) zitha kusokonezedwa.

Kufunika kachitetezo cha mphezi padenga

Mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi mphezi ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa moto. Chifukwa chake, kuteteza munthu ndi moto ndikofunikira kwambiri pakagwa mphenzi mwachindunji mnyumbayo.

Pakapangidwe kamakina a PV, zimawonekeratu ngati njira yoteteza mphezi yayikidwa munyumba. Malamulo akumayiko ena amafuna kuti nyumba za anthu (monga malo amisonkhano, masukulu, ndi zipatala) zikhale ndi zoteteza mphezi. Pankhani ya nyumba zamakampani kapena zachinsinsi, zimadalira komwe kuli, mtundu wa kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe kake ngati njira yoteteza mphezi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, ziyenera kudziwika ngati kuwomba mphezi kungayembekezeredwe kapena kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Kapangidwe kofunikira kutetezedwa kuyenera kupezedwa ndi njira zotetezera mphezi.

Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma module a PV sikuwonjezera chiopsezo champhenzi. Chifukwa chake, pempho lachitetezo cha mphezi silingachokere mwachindunji pakungokhala kwa dongosolo la PV. Komabe, kulowererapo kwa mphezi kumatha kulowetsedwa mnyumbayi kudzera munjira izi.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kuwomba kwa mphezi malinga ndi IEC 62305-2 (EN 62305-2) ndikutenga zotsatira zakusanthula kwa chiopsezo izi mukakhazikitsa dongosolo la PV.

Gawo 4.5 (Risk Management) la Supplement 5 la Germany DIN EN 62305-3 standard limafotokoza kuti njira yoteteza mphezi yopangira gulu la LPS III (LPL III) ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pamachitidwe a PV. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zokwanira zotetezera mphezi zidalembedwa muupangiri wa Germany VdS 2010 (Mphezi zowonera zoopsa komanso chitetezo) zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi Germany Insurance Association. Kuwongolera uku kumafunanso kuti LPL III motero njira yoteteza mphezi malinga ndi gulu la LPS III iyikidwe pamakina a PV padenga (> 10 kW_p) ndikuti achitepo kanthu podzitchinjiriza. Monga mwalamulo, padenga machitidwe a photovoltaic sayenera kusokoneza njira zotetezera mphezi.

Kufunika koteteza chitetezo cha machitidwe a PV

Pakakhala kutulutsa kwa mphezi, ma surges amakhudzidwa ndi oyendetsa magetsi. Zipangizo zodzitchinjiriza (SPDs) zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumtunda kwa zida kuti zizitetezedwa pa ac, dc ndi mbali ya data zatsimikizira kukhala zothandiza kwambiri poteteza makina amagetsi kuchokera pazowononga zamagetsi izi. Gawo 9.1 la mulingo wa CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 (Kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo - ma SPD olumikizidwa ndi makina a photovoltaic) amafunika kuti akhazikitse zida zodzitetezera pokhapokha kuwunika kwakanthawi kukuwonetsa kuti ma SPD sakufunika. Malinga ndi muyezo wa IEC 60364-4-44 (HD 60364-4-44), zida zodzitetezera ziyenera kukhazikikanso nyumba zopanda dongosolo lakunja lotetezera mphezi monga nyumba zamalonda ndi mafakitale, mwachitsanzo. Supplement 5 pamiyeso yaku Germany DIN EN 62305-3 imapereka tsatanetsatane wa mitundu ya ma SPD ndi malo awo oyikirako.

Chingwe mayendedwe a machitidwe PV

Zingwe ziyenera kuyendetsedwa m'njira yoti ziphuphu zazikulu zoyendetsa zipewe. Izi ziyenera kuwonedwa pophatikiza ma circuits a dc kuti apange chingwe komanso polumikizira zingwe zingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mizere ya data kapena sensa sayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi zingwe zingapo ndikupanga malupu akuluakulu azingwe ndi zingwe. Izi zikuyenera kuwonedwanso mukalumikiza inverter kupita kulumikizidwe ka gridi. Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu (dc ndi ac) ndi mizere ya data (mwachitsanzo, radiation radiation, kuwunikira zokolola) ziyenera kuyendetsedwa limodzi ndi oyendetsa zida zogwirizira panjira yawo yonse.

Earthing yamachitidwe a PV

Ma module a PV amakhala okhazikika pamakina azitsulo. Zida za PV zomwe zili mbali ya dc zimakhala ndi kutchinjiriza kowirikiza kapena kolimbikitsidwa (kofanana ndi kutchinjiriza kwam'mbuyomu) malinga ndi muyezo wa IEC 60364-4-41. Kuphatikiza kwa matekinoloje ambiri pagulu la module ndi inverter (mwachitsanzo kapena wopanda galvanic kudzipatula) kumabweretsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, makina oyang'anira kutsekemera omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma inverters amangogwira ntchito mpaka kalekale ngati makina olumikizirana alumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Zambiri pakukwaniritsa izi zimaperekedwa mu Supplement 5 pamiyeso yaku Germany DIN EN 62305-3. Chitsulo chazitsulo chimakonzedwa bwino ngati dongosolo la PV likupezeka mu voliyumu yotetezedwa ya makina oteteza mpweya ndipo mtunda wopatukana umasungidwa. Gawo 7 la Supplement 5 limafunikira oyendetsa mkuwa okhala ndi magawo osachepera 6 mm² kapena chofanana ndi nthaka yogwira ntchito (Chithunzi 1). Mizere yokwera iyeneranso kulumikizidwa kosatha kudzera mwa oyendetsa gawo lino. Ngati makinawa amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi makina oteteza mphezi chifukwa chakuti mtunda wopatukana sungasungidwe, otsogolerawa amakhala gawo la mphezi yolumikizira. Chifukwa chake, zinthuzi zimayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yonyamula mphezi. Chofunikira chochepa pachitetezo cha mphezi chopangidwira gulu la LPS III ndi woyendetsa mkuwa wokhala ndi gawo la 16 mm² kapena ofanana. Komanso, pakadali pano, njanji zokwera ziyenera kulumikizidwa kwathunthu kudzera mwa oyendetsa gawoli (Chithunzi 2). Makina oyendetsa magetsi oyendetsa nthaka / mphezi amayendetsedwa mozungulira komanso moyandikira kwambiri ku zingwe za DC ndi ac / mizere.

Zomangira zapadziko lapansi za UNI (Chithunzi 3) zitha kukhazikika pamakina onse omwe akukwera. Amalumikiza, mwachitsanzo, oyendetsa mkuwa okhala ndi gawo la 6 kapena 16 mm² ndipo analibe mawaya apansi okhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 10 mm mpaka pamakina oyendetsa m'njira yoti athe kunyamula mafunde amagetsi. Chitsulo chophatikizira chophatikizira chosapanga dzimbiri (V4A) chimathandizira kuteteza dzimbiri pazitsulo zopangira zotayidwa.

Kutalikirana mtunda s malinga ndi IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) Mtunda wina wopatukana uyenera kusungidwa pakati pachitetezo cha mphezi ndi dongosolo la PV. Imafotokozera kutalika komwe kumafunika kuti tipewe kuwuluka kosalamulirika kuzitsulo zazitsulo zoyandikana chifukwa cha kuwomba kwa mphezi kupita ku chitetezo chakunja kwa mphezi. Zikakhala zoipitsitsa, wopalasa pamadzi wosalamulirika atha kuyatsa nyumbayo. Poterepa, kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la PV kumakhala kosafunikira.

Mithunzi yayikulu pama cell a dzuwa

Mtunda wapakati pa jenereta ya dzuwa ndi chitetezo chakuthambo kwa mphezi ndichofunikira kwambiri popewa kumeta kwambiri. Mithunzi yovuta kuponyedwa ndi, mwachitsanzo, mizere yapamtunda, siyimakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la PV ndi zokolola. Komabe, pankhani ya mithunzi yayikulu, mthunzi wakuda wofotokozedwa bwino umaponyedwa kumtunda kuseri kwa chinthu, ndikusintha momwe zikuyendera pakadutsa ma module a PV. Pazifukwa izi, ma cell a dzuwa ndi ma diode olambalala olumikizidwa sayenera kutengeka ndi mithunzi yayikulu. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikukhala ndi mtunda wokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndodo yochotsera mpweya yokhala ndi mamilimita 10 mm imathandizira gawo, mthunzi wapakatikati umachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mtunda kuchokera pagawo likukula. Pambuyo pa mita 1.08 mthunzi umodzi wokhawo umaponyedwa pagawolo (Chithunzi 4). Annex A ya Supplement 5 pamiyeso yaku Germany DIN EN 62305-3 imapereka chidziwitso chambiri pakuwerengera mithunzi yayikulu.

Zipangizo zapadera zotetezera DC mbali ya makina a photovoltaic

Makhalidwe a U / I a magwero aposachedwa kwambiri a photovoltaic ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe amapezeka ku dc: Ali ndi mawonekedwe osakhala ofanana (Chithunzi 5) ndipo amayambitsa kulimbikira kwakanthawi kwa ma arcs. Chikhalidwe chapaderadera cha magwero apano a PV sikutanthauza kungosintha kwakukulu kwa PV ndi mafyuzi a PV, komanso cholumikizira chida chotetezera chomwe chimasinthidwa mwanjira yapaderayi ndikuthana ndi mafunde a PV. Onjezerani 5 pamiyeso yaku Germany DIN EN 62305-3 (gawo 5.6.1, Gulu 1) ikufotokoza kusankha ma SPD okwanira.

Kuwongolera kusankha kwa mtundu wa 1 SPDs, Matebulo 1 ndi 2 akuwonetsa zomwe zikufunika kuti mphezi zithandizire pakali pano kuthekera I_Ndondocha kutengera gulu la LPS, oyendetsa otsika angapo amachitidwe oteteza mphezi akunja komanso mtundu wa SPD (kumachepetsa oyimitsa magetsi kapena omenyera pamagetsi). Ma SPD omwe amatsatira muyezo wa EN 50539-11 ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo 9.2.2.7 la CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 limatanthauzanso mulingo uwu.

Lembani 1 dc kumangidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma PV:

Multipole yamtundu 1 + mtundu 2 kuphatikiza DC kumangidwa FLP7-PV. Chida chosinthira cha DCchi chimakhala ndi cholumikizira chophatikizira komanso chofupikitsa cha Thermo Dynamic Control ndi fyuzi yodutsa. Dera ili limadula motsekera woyimitsa pamagetsi amagetsi poti pakakhala zochulukirapo ndikuzimitsa molondola ma arcs. Chifukwa chake, zimalola kuteteza ma jenereta a PV mpaka 1000 A popanda fuseti yowonjezera. Womanga ameneyu akuphatikiza womenyera pakali pano komanso womanga mawotchi pachida chimodzi, motero amateteza zida zodalirika. Ndikutha kwake kutulutsa I_okwana ya 12.5 kA (10/350 μs), itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasunthika pamakalasi apamwamba kwambiri a LPS. FLP7-PV imapezeka pama voltages U_CPV ya 600 V, 1000 V, ndi 1500 V ndipo ili ndi ma module atatu okha. Chifukwa chake, FLP3-PV ndiye mtundu woyenera 7 wophatikiza womangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi ama photovoltaic.

Voltage-1-mtundu wa SPDs, mwachitsanzo, FLP12,5-PV, ndiukadaulo wina wamphamvu womwe umalola kutulutsa mphezi pang'ono pang'ono ngati ma DC PV. Tithokoze ukadaulo wake wophulika komanso dera lomwe limazimiririka lomwe limalola kuteteza bwino magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, mndandanda womangayo uli ndi mphezi yayikulu kwambiri pakutha pano_okwana ya 50 kA (10/350 μs) yomwe ili yapadera pamsika.

Lembani 2 dc kumangidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito machitidwe a PV: SLP40-PV

Ntchito yodalirika ya ma SPD m'maseketi a dc PV ndiyofunikanso pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera zamtundu wa 2. Kuti izi zitheke, gulu la SLP40-PV lomwe limagwira lomwe limagwira limakhala ndi gawo loteteza Y losagwirizana ndi zolakwika ndipo limalumikizidwanso ndi ma jenereta a PV mpaka 1000 A popanda fuseti yowonjezera.

Matekinoloje ambiri ophatikizidwa ndi omwe amangidwawa amapewa kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chotetezera chifukwa chazida zakutsekemera mu dera la PV, chiwopsezo chowotcha omangidwa ochulukirapo ndikuyika womangirayo m'malo abwino amagetsi osasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a PV. Chifukwa cha dera loteteza, mawonekedwe ochepetsa magetsi a varistors atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira ngakhale m'mabwalo a dc amachitidwe a PV. Kuphatikiza apo, chida chokhazikika choteteza chitetezo chimachepetsa mapiri ang'onoang'ono amagetsi.

Kusankhidwa kwa ma SPD kutengera mulingo wachitetezo cha magetsi U_p

Mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsira ntchito DC pambali ya machitidwe a PV imasiyana ndi kachitidwe. Pakadali pano, mitengo mpaka 1500 V dc ndiyotheka. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zimasiyana. Kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo la PV limatetezedwa molondola, mulingo wachitetezo cha magetsi U_p kwa SPD iyenera kukhala yocheperako kuposa mphamvu ya dielectric yamachitidwe a PV omwe amayenera kuteteza. Mulingo wa CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12 umafuna kuti Up isachepera 20% poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya dielectric ya dongosolo la PV. Type 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 SPDs iyenera kukhala yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi ndikuyika zida zamagetsi. Ngati ma SPD alumikizidwa kale mu zida zakumapeto, kulumikizana pakati pa mtundu wa 2 SPD ndi makina olowetsera zida za terminal kumatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga.

Zitsanzo za ntchito:

Kumanga kopanda chitetezo chamtundu wakunja (vuto A)

Chithunzi 12 chikuwonetsa lingaliro loteteza chitetezo cha PV yoyikidwa munyumba yopanda chitetezo champhamvu chakunja. Ma surges owopsa amalowa mumayendedwe a PV chifukwa cholumikizana mosavomerezeka chifukwa cha kuwomba kwa mphezi kapena kuyenda kuchokera pamagetsi kudzera panjira yolozera kwa wogula. Type 2 SPDs iyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo otsatirawa:

- dc mbali ya ma module ndi ma inverters

- ac kutulutsa kwa inverter

- Gulu lalikulu logawira otsika kwambiri

- Malo olumikizirana ndi waya

Kulowetsa kulikonse kwa DC (MPP) kwa inverter kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri woteteza, mwachitsanzo, SLP2-PV mndandanda, womwe umateteza molondola DC mbali ya machitidwe a PV. Mulingo wa CENELEC CLC / TS 40-50539 umafuna kuti pakhale mtundu wina wowonjezera 12 dc arrester mbali yama module ngati mtunda wapakati pa cholowetsa cha inverter ndi jenereta ya PV upitilira 2 m.

Zotsatira za ma inverters ndizotetezedwa mokwanira ngati mtunda pakati pa ma inverters a PV ndi malo oyika mtundu wa 2 arrester pamalo olumikizira grid (otsika-infeed infeed) ndi ochepera 10 m. Pakakhala kutalika kwazitali zazitali, chida chowonjezera chachiwiri chotetezera, mwachitsanzo, SLP2-40 mndandanda, chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumtunda kwa ac kulowetsa kwa inverter malinga ndi CENELEC CLC / TS 275-50539.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wothandizira wa 2 SLP40-275 woteteza uyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumtunda kwa mita yamagetsi otsika kwambiri. CI (Circuit Interruption) imayimira fuseti yolumikizidwa yolumikizidwa munjira yoteteza ya akumangayo, kulola kuti womangayo agwiritsidwe ntchito mu ac dera popanda fuseti yowonjezera yowonjezera. Mndandanda wa SLP40-275 umapezeka pamtundu uliwonse wamagetsi otsika (TN-C, TN-S, TT).

Ngati ma inverters amalumikizidwa ndi mizere ya data ndi sensa kuti awunikire zokololazo, zida zoyenera zotetezera zimafunikira. Mndandanda wa FLD2, womwe umakhala ndi ma tenti awiri awiri, mwachitsanzo pamizere yolowera komanso yotuluka, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina azidziwitso potengera RS 485.

Kumanga ndi njira yoteteza mphezi yakunja ndi mtunda wokwanira wopatukana (vuto B)

Chithunzi 13 ikuwonetsa lingaliro lakutetezera kwa dongosolo la PV lokhala ndi chitetezo chakuthambo kwa mphezi ndi mtunda wokwanira wopatukana pakati pa dongosolo la PV ndi chitetezo chakuthwanima chakunja.

Cholinga chachikulu choteteza ndikuteteza kuwonongeka kwa anthu ndi katundu (kuwotcha moto) chifukwa cha kuwomba mphezi. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti dongosolo la PV lisasokoneze chitetezo chakunja cha mphezi. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo la PV palokha liyenera kutetezedwa ku kuwomberana ndi mphezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dongosolo la PV liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu voliyumu yotetezedwa yakunja koteteza mphezi. Voliyumu yotetezedwa imapangidwa ndimakina oteteza mpweya (mwachitsanzo, ndodo zotulutsa mpweya) zomwe zimalepheretsa mphezi kuwombera ma module a PV ndi zingwe. Njira yoteteza ngodya (Chithunzi 14) kapena njira yoyendetsera dera (Chithunzi 15) monga tafotokozera m'ndime 5.2.2 ya IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) mulingo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa voliyumu yotetezedwa. Mtunda wina wopatukana uyenera kusamalidwa pakati pamagawo onse a PV ndi chitetezo cha mphezi. Poterepa, mithunzi yayikulu iyenera kupewedwa ndi, mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi mtunda wokwanira pakati pa ndodo zothetsera mpweya ndi gawo la PV.

Kuphatikizana kwa mphezi ndi gawo limodzi lachitetezo cha mphezi. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamakina onse oyenda ndi mizere yolowera mnyumbayi yomwe imanyamula mphezi. Izi zimatheka ndikulumikiza molumikizana kwazitsulo zonse ndi kulumikiza njira zonse zopatsa mphamvu kudzera pa mphezi zamtundu wa 1 pakadali pano pakutha kwa dziko lapansi. Kulumikizana kwa mphezi kuyenera kuchitidwa moyandikira kwambiri polowera mnyumbayo kuti mafunde amphezi asalowe mnyumbamo. Malo olumikizira gridi akuyenera kutetezedwa ndi mtundu wa 1 SPD wosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa 1 FLP25GR kuphatikiza womangidwa. Womanga ameneyu akuphatikiza womenyera pakali pano ndi womangirizira pachida chimodzi. Ngati kutalika kwa chingwe pakati pa arrester ndi inverter kuli kochepera mamita 10, chitetezo chokwanira chimaperekedwa. Pakakhala kutalika kwazitali zazingwe, zida zowonjezera zowonjezera 2 zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa kumtunda kwa ma ac kulowererapo malinga ndi CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12.

Ma dc onse olowa mu inverter ayenera kutetezedwa ndi mtundu wa 2 PV arrester, mwachitsanzo, SLP40-PV mndandanda (Chithunzi 16). Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pazida zosasinthika. Ngati ma inverters amalumikizidwa ndi mizere ya data, mwachitsanzo, kuti muwone zokololazo, zida zotetezera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ziteteze kufalikira kwa data. Pachifukwa ichi, mndandanda wa FLPD2 ungaperekedwe pamizere yokhala ndi ma siginolo a analog ndi ma bus bus monga RS485. Imazindikira magwiridwe antchito achizindikiro chothandiza ndikusintha mulingo wachitetezo chamagetsi pamagetsi oyendetsera awa.

Mkulu-voteji zosagwira, lotsekedwa HVI wochititsa

Kuthekanso kwina kosunga mtunda wopatukana ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma HVI Conductors omwe ali ndi ma voliyumu ambiri, otchinjiriza omwe amalola kuti patalike mtunda wokwana 0.9 m mlengalenga. Otsogolera a HVI amatha kulumikizana ndi PV mwachindunji kumapeto kwa kusindikiza. Zambiri pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikuyika ma HVI Conductors zimaperekedwa muupangiri woteteza mphezi kapena malangizo oyenera.

Kumanga ndi dongosolo lakunja lotetezera mphezi lokhala ndi mtunda wokwanira wopatukana (vuto C)

Ngati denga limapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena limapangidwa ndi dongosolo la PV palokha, mtunda wopatukana s sungasungidwe. Zida zazitsulo zamakonzedwe a PV ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi chitetezo chakunja cha mphezi kuti athe kunyamula mphezi (woyendetsa mkuwa wokhala ndi gawo losachepera 16 mm² kapena ofanana). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulumikizana kwa mphezi kuyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa pamizere ya PV yolowera mnyumbayo kuchokera kunja (Chithunzi 17). Malinga ndi Supplement 5 pamiyeso yaku Germany DIN EN 62305-3 ndi muyezo wa CENELEC CLC / TS 50539-12, mizere ya dc iyenera kutetezedwa ndi mtundu 1 SPD wama kachitidwe a PV.

Pachifukwa ichi, mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 FLP7-PV wophatikizira wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikizika kwa mphezi kuyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa pamagetsi otsika ochepa. Ngati ma inverter a PV ali (ali) opitilira 10 m kuchokera pa mtundu wa 1 SPD woyikika pa grid point point, mtundu wowonjezera 1 SPD uyenera kukhazikitsidwa pambali ya ac of the inverter (mwachitsanzo mtundu 1 + mtundu wa 2 FLP25GR kuphatikiza womangidwa). Zipangizo zoyenera kutetezera ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa kuti ziteteze mizere yolondola yowunikira zokolola. Zida zotetezera za FLD2 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza makina, mwachitsanzo, kutengera RS 485.

Machitidwe a PV okhala ndi ma microinverters

Ma Microinverters amafunikira lingaliro lina lachitetezo chazida. Kuti izi zitheke, dc mzere wa gawo kapena ma module awiri amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi inverter yaying'ono. Pochita izi, malupu oyendetsa osafunikira ayenera kupewedwa. Kuphatikizira kophatikizira kuzipinda zazing'onozi za DC kumangokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zowonongera. Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa dongosolo la PV lokhala ndi ma microinverters kuli mbali ya ac (Chithunzi 18). Ngati ma microinverter ali oyenera pa module, zida zodzitetezera zitha kungoyikidwa pambali ya ac:

- Nyumba zopanda zoteteza mphezi zakunja = mtundu wa 2 SLP40-275 omanga osinthana / magawo atatu apano pafupi ndi ma microinverters ndi SLP40-275 pamagetsi otsika ochepa.

- Nyumba zokhala ndi njira yotetezera mphezi komanso kutalikirana kokwanira s = mtundu wa 2 omanga, mwachitsanzo, SLP40-275, pafupi ndi ma microinverters ndi mphezi zomwe zanyamula mtundu wa 1 akumanga pamagetsi otsika, mwachitsanzo, FLP25GR.

- Nyumba zokhala ndi chitetezo chakuthwanima chakunja ndi mtunda wosakwanira wopatukana s = mtundu 1 womangidwa, mwachitsanzo, SLP40-275, pafupi kwambiri ndi ma microinverters ndi mphezi yomwe ili ndi mtundu wa 1 FLP25GR omanga pamagetsi otsika ochepa.

Odziyimira pawokha opanga ena, ma microinverters amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owunikira ma data. Ngati deta imasinthidwa pamizere ya ac kudzera pa ma microinverters, chida chotetezera chikuyenera kuperekedwa pazamagawo omwe amalandila (kusamutsa deta / kukonza deta). Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito polumikizana ndi mawonekedwe amabasi otsika ndi magetsi awo (mwachitsanzo Ethernet, ISDN).

Makina opanga magetsi a dzuwa ndi gawo limodzi lamagetsi amakono. Ayenera kukhala ndi mphezi zokwanira komanso omanga, kuti zitsimikizire kuti magetsi awa azigwira ntchito kwakanthawi.