Mphezi zikuwonjezeka pakadali pano komanso chitetezo chamagetsi

Mphezi zikuwonjezeka pakadali pano komanso chitetezo chamagetsi

Kuchulukitsa kwachilengedwe
Kutanthauzira kwakubwera

Kuchulukitsa (mu kachitidwe) magetsi aliwonse pakati pa gawo limodzi loyendetsa ndi dziko lapansi kapena pakati pamagawo oyendetsa omwe ali ndi mtengo wopitilira muyeso wofananira wamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri pazotanthauzira zida kuchokera ku International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV 604-03-09)

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi

Kuchulukitsa kwamphamvu ndimagetsi amagetsi kapena mafunde omwe amapitilira muyeso wamagetsi pamaneti (onani mkuyu. J1)

Kutentha kwamtundu wotere kumadziwika ndi (onani mkuyu. J2):

• nthawi yokwera tf (mu μs);
• gradient S (mu kV / μs).

Kuchulukitsa kumasokoneza zida ndikupanga cheza chamagetsi chamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutalika kwa chiwombankhanga (T) kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imatha kuwononga zida.
Mkuyu. J2 - Makhalidwe akulu a volvtage

Mitundu inayi yamagetsi ingasokoneze kuyika kwamagetsi ndi katundu:

• Kusintha ma surges: ma frequency obwera pafupipafupi kapena kusokonekera kwaphulika (onani mkuyu. J1) yoyambitsidwa ndikusintha kwakhazikika pamagetsi amagetsi (pakagwiranso ntchito switchgear).
• Zowonjezera zamagetsi zamagetsi: kuchuluka kwa mafupipafupi ofanana ndi netiweki (50, 60, kapena 400 Hz) yoyambitsidwa ndikusintha kwachikhalidwe kwa ma netiweki (kutsatira cholakwika: kutchingira cholakwika, kuwonongeka kwa wochita nawo ndale, ndi zina zambiri).
• Kuchulukanso komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi: ma volvo ochepa kwambiri (ma nanosecond ochepa) ofupikira kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa magetsi (mwachitsanzo, munthu amene akuyenda pamphasa wokhala ndi zotetezera amatenthedwa pamagetsi yama volvo angapo).
• Kutuluka kwakanthawi kochokera mumlengalenga.

Makhalidwe opitilira muyeso wamlengalenga

Kukwapuka kwa mphezi m'mitundu ingapo: Kuwala kwa mphezi kumatulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zochuluka kwambiri (onani Chithunzi J4)

• a zikwi zingapo amperes (ndi ma volts zikwi zingapo)
• pafupipafupi (pafupifupi 1 megahertz)
• yafupikitsa (kuchokera pa microsecond mpaka millisecond)

Pakati pa 2000 ndi 5000 mphepo zamkuntho zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi. Mvula yamkunthoyi imatsagana ndi zikwapu zomwe zimawonetsa kuwopsa kwa anthu ndi zida. Kuwala kwa mphezi kumawomba pansi pafupifupi 30 mpaka 100 sitiroko pamphindikati, mwachitsanzo zikwapu 3 biliyoni chaka chilichonse.

Gome lomwe lili mu Chithunzi J3 likuwonetsa kuwunika kwamphamvu kwa mphezi ndi kuthekera kofananira. Monga tingawonere, 50% ya zikwapu za mphezi zili ndipano zoposa 35 kA ndi 5% pakadali pano zopitilira 100 kA. Mphamvu zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kuphulika kwa mphezi ndizambiri.

Mkuyu. J3 - Zitsanzo zazomwe zimatulutsa mphezi zoperekedwa ndi muyezo wa IEC 62305-1 (2010 - Gulu A.3)

Mkuyu. J4 - Chitsanzo cha mphezi zamakono

Mphezi zimayambitsanso moto wambiri, makamaka m'malo olimapo (kuwononga nyumba kapena kuzipangitsa kukhala zosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito). Nyumba zazitali kwambiri zimakonda kukwapulidwa ndi mphenzi.

Zovuta pakukhazikitsa kwamagetsi

Mphezi zimawononga machitidwe amagetsi ndi zamagetsi makamaka: ma thiransifoma, mita yamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi m'malo okhala ndi mafakitale.

Mtengo wokonzanso kuwonongeka kwa mphezi ndiokwera kwambiri. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuwunika zotsatira za:

• kusokonezeka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi makompyuta ndi ma telefoni;
• zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa poyambitsa mapulogalamu oyang'anira malingaliro ndi machitidwe owongolera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wazowonongeka ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mtengo wazida zomwe zawonongedwa.

Zotsatira za mphezi

Mphezi ndimphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imapangitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino pazinthu zonse, makamaka pamakina amagetsi ndi zida.

Mphezi imakhudza makina amagetsi (ndi / kapena amagetsi) amnyumba m'njira ziwiri:

• chifukwa chakuthwa kwamphezi panyumbayo (onani mkuyu. J5 a);
• mosakhudzidwa ndi kuwomba kwa mphezi mnyumbayi:
• Sitiroko ya mphezi imatha kugwera pamzere wamagetsi wapamwamba wopangira nyumba (onani mkuyu. J5 b). Kuchulukitsitsa kwa madzi ndi kufalikira kumatha kufalikira makilomita angapo kuchokera pomwe amakhudzidwa.
• Sitiroko ingagwere pafupi ndi mzere wamagetsi (onani mkuyu. J5 c). Ndi radiation yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yayikulu komanso kuphulika kwamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi. M'magawo awiri omaliza, mafunde oopsa ndi ma voltages amafalitsidwa ndi netiweki yamagetsi.

Sitiroko ya mphezi imatha kugwa pafupi ndi nyumba (onani mkuyu. J5 d). Kuthekera kwa dziko lapansi pamlingo wakukwera kumakwera modetsa nkhawa.

Mkuyu. J5 - Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphezi

Nthawi zonse, zovuta zakukhazikitsidwa kwamagetsi ndi katundu zitha kukhala zazikulu.

Mkuyu. J6 - Zotsatira zakukhudzidwa ndi mphezi

Mphezi imagwera nyumba yosatetezedwa.	Mphezi imagwera pafupi ndi mzere wapamwamba.	Mphezi imagwera pafupi ndi nyumba.
Mphezi ikubwera padziko lapansi kudzera pazinyumba zochepa zomwe zimakhala zowononga kwambiri: matenthedwe: Kutenthedwa kwambiri kwa zinthu, kuyambitsa moto zotsatira zamakina: Kapangidwe kake matenthedwe otentha: Zowopsa kwambiri pamaso pazipangizo zoyaka kapena zophulika (ma hydrocarboni, fumbi, ndi zina zambiri)	Mphezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino kudzera pamagetsi yamagetsi mugawidwe. Zowonjezera izi zimafalikira pamzere wopita kuzipangizo zamagetsi mkati mwa nyumbazi.	Sitiroko ya mphezi imapanga mitundu yofananira yakubweza monga momwe tafotokozera zotsutsana. Kuphatikiza apo, mphezi imabwerera kuchokera pansi kupita kumagetsi, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Nyumbayo ndi makhazikitsidwe mkati mwa nyumbayo nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka	Makina amagetsi mkati mwa nyumbayo nthawi zambiri amawonongeka.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zofalitsira

Njira yodziwika

Zowonongeka zofananira zimawoneka pakati pamawayilesi amoyo ndi dziko lapansi: gawo-mpaka-nthaka kapena kusalowerera ndale (onani mkuyu. J7). Ndiowopsa makamaka pazida zomwe mawonekedwe ake amalumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma dielectric.

Mkuyu. J7 - Njira wamba

Njira zosiyanitsira

Kusiyanitsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumawonekera pakati pamawayilesi amoyo:

gawo-to-phase kapena phase-to-neutral (onani mkuyu. J8). Ndiowopsa makamaka pazida zamagetsi, zida zanzeru monga makompyuta, ndi zina zambiri.

Mkuyu. J8 - Njira zosiyanitsira

Khalidwe la mphezi

Kufufuza kwa zochitikazo kumalola tanthauzo la mitundu yamagetsi amagetsi ndi mafunde amagetsi.

• Mitundu iwiri ya mafunde apano imalingaliridwa ndi miyezo ya IEC:
• 10/350 waves wave: kutanthauzira mafunde apano kuchokera kuwombera mwachindunji kwa mphezi (onani mkuyu. J9);

Mkuyu. J9 - 10/350 ndi mafunde apano

• 8/20 waves wave: kutanthauzira mafunde apano kuchokera ku sitiroko yosawonekera (onani mkuyu. J10).

Mkuyu. J10 - 8/20 ndi mafunde apano

Mitundu iwiriyi yamayendedwe amakondo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira mayeso pa SPDs (IEC standard 61643-11) ndi chitetezo chamatenda pamafunde amagetsi.

Mtengo wapamwamba wa funde lamakono ukuwonetsa kukula kwa kupwetekedwa kwa mphezi.

Zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zikwapu za mphezi zimadziwika ndi magetsi a 1.2 / 50 (s (onani mkuyu. J11).

Mawotchi amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira zida kuti zitha kuphulika kuchokera komwe kumachokera mumlengalenga (mphamvu yamagetsi malinga ndi IEC 61000-4-5).

Mkuyu. J11 - 1.2 / 50 voltages voltage wave

Mfundo yoteteza mphezi
Malamulo onse oteteza mphezi

Njira zopewera zoopsa za kuwomba mphezi
Njira zotetezera nyumba ku mphezi ziyenera kuphatikizapo:

• kutetezera nyumba motsutsana ndi zikwapu;
• Kuteteza makhazikitsidwe amagetsi pamagetsi oyenda molunjika kapena molunjika.

Mfundo yayikulu yoteteza kuyika pangozi yakugwa ndi mphezi ndikuletsa mphamvu zosokoneza kuti zisafike pazida zovuta. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, ndikofunikira:

• jambulani mphezi ndikuziyendetsa padziko lapansi kudzera njira yowongoka kwambiri (kupewa pafupi ndi zida zovuta);
• chitani kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwa unsembe; Kulumikizana kwamtunduwu kumayendetsedwa ndi ma bonding othandizira, ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) kapena mipata yotulutsa (mwachitsanzo, antenna mast spark gap).
• kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyambitsa komanso zosawonekera pokhazikitsa ma SPD ndi / kapena zosefera. Njira ziwiri zotetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi: amadziwika ngati njira yotetezera nyumba (kunja kwa nyumba) ndi njira yotetezera magetsi (mkati mwa nyumba).

Makina oteteza

Udindo wa makina otetezera nyumbayo ndikutetezera ku kuwomberana ndi mphezi.
Njirayi ili ndi:

• chida chojambulira: njira yoteteza mphezi;
• otsika-otsogola omwe adapangidwa kuti apereke mphezi padziko lapansi;
• “Phazi la khwangwala” nthaka imatsogolera yolumikizidwa pamodzi;
• Maulalo pakati pazitsulo zonse zazitsulo (zopangitsira zida zamagetsi) ndikutsogolera kwa dziko lapansi.

Mphezi ikamayenda mu kondakitala, ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa iyo ndi mafelemu olumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi omwe ali pafupi, omalizirayo amatha kuyambitsa ziwombankhanga zowononga.

Mitundu itatu ya chitetezo cha mphezi
Mitundu itatu yachitetezo cha nyumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Ndodo ya mphezi (ndodo yosavuta kapena yoyambitsa)

Ndodo yamphezi ndi chitsulo chogwirira chachitsulo chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba pa nyumbayo. Imafukulidwa ndi m'modzi kapena angapo owongolera (nthawi zambiri zamizere yamkuwa) (onani mkuyu. J12).

Mkuyu. J12 - Ndodo ya mphezi (ndodo yosavuta kapena yoyambitsa)

Ndodo yamphezi yokhala ndi mawaya amtundu

Mawaya awa amatambasulidwa pamwamba pa kapangidwe kuti atetezedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza nyumba zapadera: madera oyambitsa roketi, kugwiritsa ntchito magulu ankhondo komanso kuteteza mizere yamagetsi yamagetsi (onani mkuyu. J13).

Mkuyu. J13 - Taut mawaya

Wotsogolera mphezi wokhala ndi khola lokulirapo (khola la Faraday)

Chitetezo ichi chimaphatikizapo kuyika ma conductor / matepi angapo mozungulira nyumbayo. (onani mkuyu. J14).

Makina otetezera mphezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba zowonekera bwino zokhala ndi makina osawoneka bwino monga zipinda zamakompyuta.

Fanizo la J14 - khola la Meshed (khola la Faraday)

Zotsatira zakumanga chitetezo cha zida zamagetsi

50% ya mphezi yomwe yatulutsidwa ndi makina otetezera nyumbayo imabwereranso pamaukonde amagetsi (onani mkuyu. J15): kuthekera kwamafelemu pafupipafupi kupitilira kutchinga kotsutsana ndi kutsogolera kwa ma network angapo ( LV, matelefoni, chingwe cha kanema, ndi zina zambiri).

Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwamakono kudzera kwa otsitsa otsika kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma voliyumu ambiri mu magetsi.

Zotsatira zake, dongosolo lotetezera nyumbayi siliteteza kuyika kwa magetsi: chifukwa chake, ndikukakamizidwa kupereka njira yotetezera kuyika kwamagetsi.

Mkuyu. J15 - Mphezi zowonekera zaposachedwa

Kuteteza mphezi - Makina oteteza magetsi

Cholinga chachikulu cha makina otetezera magetsi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ndizovomerezeka pazida.

Njira yotetezera magetsi imakhala ndi:

• imodzi kapena zingapo za SPD kutengera kapangidwe kake;
• kulumikizana kwa equipotential: thumba lachitsulo lazinthu zowonekera poyera.

kukhazikitsa

Njira zotetezera makina amagetsi ndi zamagetsi munyumba ndi izi.

Sakani zambiri

• Dziwani katundu yense wovuta komanso komwe ali mnyumbayo.
• Dziwani zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi ndi magawo ake olowera mnyumbamo.
• Onani ngati njira yotetezera mphezi ilipo mnyumbayi kapena pafupi.
• Dziwani bwino malamulo okhudzana ndi malo omwe nyumbayo ili.
• Unikani kuwopsa kwa kuwomba kwa mphezi malingana ndi malo, mtundu wamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa mphezi, ndi zina zambiri.

Kukhazikitsa njira

• Ikani ma conductor othandizira pamafelemu ndi mauna.
• Ikani SPD mu bolodi lolowera la LV.
• Ikani zina zowonjezera za SPD pagawo lililonse logawira anthu lomwe lili pafupi ndi zida zovuta (onani mkuyu. J16).

Mkuyu. J16 - Chitsanzo cha chitetezo chamagetsi akuluakulu

Chipangizo cha Surge Protection (SPD)

Zipangizo za Surge Protection Devices (SPD) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi, ma foni, kulumikizana komanso mabasi owongolera.

The Surge Protection Device (SPD) ndi gawo limodzi lamagetsi oteteza magetsi.

Chipangizochi chimalumikizidwa mofananira ndi magetsi omwe amayenera kuteteza (onani mkuyu. J17). Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magulu onse amagetsi.

Uwu ndiye mtundu wamagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso wothandiza kwambiri wa chitetezo chokwanira.

Mkuyu. J17 - Mfundo yachitetezo mofananira

SPD yolumikizidwa mofananamo ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Kutalikirana kwakanthawi kochepa kumawonekera m'dongosolo, kupindika kwa chipangizocho kumachepa kotero kuti kuwonjezeka kwamakono kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu SPD, kudutsa zida zachinsinsi.

Mfundo

SPD idapangidwa kuti ichepetse kuchepa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kakuchokera mumlengalenga ndikusintha mafunde apano padziko lapansi, kuti muchepetse matalikidwe azinthuzi mopitilira muyeso womwe suli pangozi pakukhazikitsa kwamagetsi ndi magetsi ndi magetsi.

SPD imathetsa kuyambiranso

• munjira yofananira, pakati gawo ndi ndale kapena dziko lapansi;
• mumayendedwe osiyana, pakati pa gawo ndi ndale.

Pakachitika chiwongola dzanja chochulukirapo chopitirira malire, SPD

• imathandizira mphamvu padziko lapansi, m'njira yofanana;
• imagawira mphamvu kwa otsogolera ena amoyo, mosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu itatu ya SPD

Pezani 1 SPD
Mtundu wa 1 SPD umalimbikitsidwa pankhani yazantchito ndi nyumba zamafakitale, zotetezedwa ndi njira yoteteza mphezi kapena khola losungunuka.
Imateteza makhazikitsidwe amagetsi pamagetsi oyenda mwachindunji Ikhoza kutulutsa mphete zakumbuyo kuchokera kumphezi zikufalikira kuchokera kwa wochititsa wapadziko lapansi kupita kwa oyendetsa maukonde.
Type 1 SPD imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe aposachedwa a 10/350.

Pezani 2 SPD
Mtundu 2 SPD ndiye njira yayikulu yotetezera magetsi onse otsika. Kuyika pamagetsi onse amagetsi, kumalepheretsa kufalikira kwa mayendedwe amagetsi ndikuteteza katundu.
Type 2 SPD imadziwika ndi 8/20's wave wave.

Pezani 3 SPD
Ma SPD awa amatha kutulutsa pang'ono. Ayeneranso kukhazikitsidwa mwalamulo ngati chowonjezera cha Type 2 SPD komanso pafupi ndi katundu wovuta.
Type 3 SPD imadziwika ndi mafunde amagetsi (1.2 / 50 μs) ndi mafunde apano (8/20 μs).

Tanthauzo la SPD

Mkuyu. J18 - SPD tanthauzo lonse

Chidziwitso 1: Pali T1 + T2 SPD (kapena Type 1 + 2 SPD) yophatikiza chitetezo cha katundu pakamenyedwe ka mphezi kapena mwachindunji.

Dziwani 2: ena T2 SPD amathanso kulengezedwa kuti T3

Makhalidwe a SPD

Mulingo wapadziko lonse IEC 61643-11 Edition 1.0 (03/2011) umafotokozera mawonekedwe ndi mayeso a SPD yolumikizidwa ndi makina otsika otsika (onani mkuyu. J19).

Zobiriwira, mtundu wotsimikizika wa SPD.
Mkuyu. J19 - Nthawi / mawonekedwe amakono a SPD yokhala ndi varistor

Makhalidwe wamba

• U_C: Zolemba malire mosalekeza opaleshoni voteji. Awa ndi magetsi a AC kapena DC pamwambapa omwe SPD imagwira ntchito. Mtengo uwu umasankhidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi ndi dongosolo lapansi.
• U_PMulingo wachitetezo cha Voltage (pa ine_n). Awa ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri kumapeto kwa SPD pomwe ikugwira ntchito. Mphamvu imeneyi imafikira pamene kuthamanga kwa SPD kuli kofanana ndi In. Mulingo wachitetezo champhamvu womwe umasankhidwa uyenera kukhala wocheperako pakuwonjezeka kwakulimbana ndi katunduyo. Pakachitika mphezi, ma voliyumu opita kuma SPD nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera kuposa U_P.
• Mu: Mwadzina kumaliseche panopa. Uku ndiye kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa 8/20 omwe SPD imatha kutulutsa maulendo osachepera 19.

Chifukwa chiyani Chofunika?
Imafanana ndi kutulutsidwa kwakanthawi komwe SPD imatha kupirira kangapo maulendo 19: mtengo wokwera wa In zikutanthauza kukhala ndi moyo wautali kwa SPD, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe mfundo zapamwamba kuposa mtengo wokwanira wa 5 kA.

Pezani 1 SPD

• I_Ndondocha: Kutengeka kwamakono. Uku ndiye kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa 10/350 omwe SPD imatha kutulutsa kanthawi kamodzi.

Chifukwa chiyani ine_Ndondocha zofunikira?
Mulingo wa IEC 62305 umafunikira chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba cha 25 kA pa mtengo wamagawo atatu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa netiweki ya 3P + N SPD iyenera kuthana ndi kukhudzika kwakanthawi kokwanira kwa 100kA kochokera kudziko lapansi.

• I_fi: Kuzimitsa motsogoleredwa pakali pano. Kugwiritsa ntchito kokha ukadaulo wa spark. Izi ndi zamakono (50 Hz) zomwe SPD imatha kudzisokoneza yokha itatha kuwombera. Izi zikuyenera kukhala zazikulu kuposa zomwe zingachitike pakadali pano pakukhazikitsa.

Pezani 2 SPD

• Imax: Kutulutsa kwakukulu pakadali pano. Uku ndiye kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa 8/20 omwe SPD imatha kutulutsa kamodzi.

Chifukwa chiyani Imax ili yofunika?
Mukayerekezera ma SPD awiri ndi In yomweyi, koma ndi Imax yosiyana: SPD yokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa Imax ili ndi "chitetezo" chapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imatha kupirira kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kopanda kuwonongeka.

Pezani 3 SPD

• U_OC: Mphamvu zamagetsi zotseguka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kalasi yachitatu (Mtundu 3).

ofunsira Main

• Kutsika kwa Voltage SPD. Zipangizo zosiyana kwambiri, kuchokera pamawonekedwe aukadaulo komanso magwiritsidwe, zimasankhidwa ndi mawuwa. Ma voltage a SPD otsika amakhala modular kuti akhazikike mosavuta mkati mwa ma switch a LV. Palinso ma SPD omwe amasinthidwa ndimatumba amagetsi, koma zida izi zimatha kutulutsa pang'ono.

• SPD yolumikizirana. Zipangizozi zimateteza ma netiweki, ma switched network ndi ma network owongolera basi (mabasi) motsutsana ndi mafunde obwera kuchokera kunja (mphezi) ndi omwe ali mkati mwa netiweki yamagetsi (zida zowononga, magwiridwe antchito, etc.). Ma SPD oterewa amakhalanso mu RJ11, RJ45,… zolumikizira kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi katundu wambiri.

zolemba

1. Zotsatira zoyesa malinga ndi muyezo wa IEC 61643-11 wa SPD kutengera MOV (varistor). Zowonera zonse za 19 ku I_n:

• Chikhumbo chimodzi chokha
• Chikhumbo chimodzi cholakwika
• Zolinga za 15 zimagwirizanitsidwa pa 30 ° iliyonse pamagetsi a 50 Hz
• Chikhumbo chimodzi chokha
• Chikhumbo chimodzi cholakwika

2. ya mtundu 1 SPD, zitatha zikhumbo 15 ku I_n (onani ndemanga yapita):

• Chikhumbo chimodzi pa 0.1 x I_Ndondocha
• Chikhumbo chimodzi pa 0.25 x I_Ndondocha
• Chikhumbo chimodzi pa 0.5 x I_Ndondocha
• Chikhumbo chimodzi pa 0.75 x I_Ndondocha
• Chikhumbo chimodzi mwa ine_Ndondocha

Kapangidwe kamakina oteteza magetsi
Malamulo opangira makina oteteza magetsi

Pofuna kuteteza magetsi m'nyumba, malamulo osavuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha

• Ma SPD (m);
• chitetezo chake.

Pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauzira zoteteza mphezi ndikusankha SPD kuteteza magetsi munyumba ndi awa:

• SPD
• kuchuluka kwa SPD
• mtundu
• Mulingo wowonekera pofotokozera kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa SPD pakadali pano Imax.
• Chida chachitetezo chachifupi
• Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa Imax;
• yochepa-Isc yamakono pakadali kukhazikitsa.

Chithunzi chazithunzi mu Chithunzi J20 pansipa chikuwonetsa lamuloli.

Mkuyu. J20 - Chithunzi cha Logic posankha chitetezo

Makhalidwe ena pakusankhidwa kwa SPD adakonzedweratu kuti apange magetsi.

• kuchuluka kwa mizati mu SPD;
• mlingo wotetezera magetsi U_P;
• U_C: Zolemba malire mosalekeza opaleshoni voteji.

Kachigawo kameneka kamangidwe kazida zoteteza magetsi kumalongosola mwatsatanetsatane njira zosankhira chitetezo malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake, zida zomwe ziyenera kutetezedwa komanso chilengedwe.

Zida zachitetezo

SPD iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse koyambira kwamagetsi.

Malo ndi mtundu wa SPD

Mtundu wa SPD woti uyikidwe pachiyambi cha unsembe umadalira ngati makina oteteza mphezi alipo. Ngati nyumbayi ili ndi njira yotetezera mphezi (malinga ndi IEC 62305), mtundu wa 1 SPD uyenera kukhazikitsidwa.

Kwa SPD yoyikika kumapeto kwa kukhazikitsa, ma IEC 60364 oyika amakhazikitsa mfundo zochepa pazikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

• Mwadzina kumaliseche pano I_n = 5 kA (8/20);
• Mulingo wachitetezo cha Voltage U_P(pa ine_n> <2.5 kV.

Chiwerengero cha ma SPD owonjezera omwe akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi:

• kukula kwa tsambalo komanso kuvuta kokhazikitsa ma conductor othandizira. Pamasamba akulu, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa SPD kumapeto kwa gawo lililonse logawika anthu.
• Mtunda wolekanitsa katundu wovuta kuti atetezedwe ku chida chakumapeto choteteza. Katundu akakhala pamtunda wopitilira 10 mita kuchokera pachida chotetezera chomwe chikubwera, ndikofunikira kupereka chitetezo chowonjezera pafupi kwambiri ndi katundu wovuta. Zochitika zowunikira kwa mafunde zikuwonjezeka kuchokera pa 10 mita kuwona Kufalikira kwa funde la mphezi
• chiopsezo chowonekera. Pankhani yapa malo owonekera bwino, SPD yomwe ikubwera siyingawonetsetse kuti mphezi zikuyenda kwambiri komanso mulingo wokwanira wotetezera magetsi. Makamaka, Mtundu 1 SPD nthawi zambiri umatsagana ndi Mtundu 2 SPD.

Tebulo lomwe lili pa Chithunzi J21 pansipa likuwonetsa kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa SPD yomwe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa potengera zinthu ziwiri zomwe tafotokozazi.

Mkuyu. J21 - Milandu 4 yakukhazikitsidwa kwa SPD

Chitetezo chimagawidwa milingo

Magulu angapo achitetezo a SPD amalola kuti mphamvu igawidwe pakati pa ma SPD angapo, monga zikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi J22 momwe mitundu itatu ya SPD imaperekedwa:

• Lembani 1: nyumbayi ikakhala ndi njira yotetezera mphezi ndipo ili kumapeto kwa unsembe, imatenga mphamvu zambiri;
• Type 2: imatenga zotsalira zotsalira;
• Type 3: imapereka chitetezo "chabwino" ngati kuli kofunikira pazida zovuta kwambiri zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi katundu.

Chidziwitso: Mtundu 1 ndi 2 SPD zitha kuphatikizidwa mu SPD imodzi
Mkuyu. J22 - Zomangamanga zachitetezo chabwino

Makhalidwe wamba a SPD malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake
Zolemba malire mosalekeza opaleshoni voteji Uc

Kutengera ndi dongosolo la padziko lapansi, magwiridwe antchito opitilira muyeso U_C ya SPD iyenera kukhala yofanana kapena yayikulu kuposa mfundo zomwe zawonetsedwa patebulo pa Chithunzi J23.

Mkuyu. J23 - Mtengo wochepa wa U_C kwa ma SPD kutengera dongosolo la padziko lapansi (kutengera Gulu 534.2 la muyeso wa IEC 60364-5-53)

N / A: sizigwira ntchito
U: mzere wama mzere wamagetsi wamagetsi otsika
a. mikhalidwe imeneyi imakhudzana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake kulolerana kwa 10% sikumaganiziridwa.

Makhalidwe ofala kwambiri a UC osankhidwa malinga ndi dongosolo lapansi.
TT, TN: 260, 320, 340, 350 V
Ndi: 440, 460 V

Mulingo wachitetezo cha Voltage U_P (pa ine_n)

Mulingo wa IEC 60364-4-44 umathandizira pakusankha kwa mulingo wachitetezo Up wa SPD pakugwira ntchito yoti mutetezedwe. Gome la Chithunzi J24 likuwonetsa kukhudzika kopirira kuthekera kwa zida zamtundu uliwonse.

Mkuyu. J24 - Mphamvu zamagetsi zofunikira za Uw (zama tebulo 443.2 la IEC 60364-4-44)

a. Malinga ndi IEC 60038: 2009.
b. Mphamvu yamagetsi yoyeserera iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa otsogolera amoyo ndi PE.
c. Ku Canada ndi USA, pama voltages padziko lapansi opitilira 300 V, mphamvu yamagetsi yoyeserera yomwe ikufanana ndi voliyumu yotsatirayi imagwira ntchito.
d. Pazida zantchito za IT pa 220-240 V, mzere wa 230/400 udzagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chamagetsi apadziko lapansi olakwika pamzere umodzi.

Mkuyu. J25 - Gulu lazida zopitilira muyeso

	Zida zamagulu olipirira ndimakhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa nyumba zomwe njira zotetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa zida - kuchepetsa kuphulika kwakanthawi kochepa pamlingo womwe watchulidwa. Zitsanzo za zida zotere ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi ma circuits amagetsi monga makompyuta, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri.
	Zida zamagetsi zadongosolo lachiwiri ndizoyenera kulumikizidwa ndi makina okhazikika amagetsi, zomwe zimapereka kupezeka koyenera pazida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Zitsanzo za zida zotere ndi zida zapakhomo ndi zina zofananira.
	Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagulu XNUMX zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa kosakhazikika kumtunda kwa, kuphatikiza bolodi lalikulu, ndikupereka kupezeka kwakukulu. Zitsanzo za zida zotere ndi bolodi logawira, zophulika, ma waya ophatikizira zingwe, mipiringidzo yama basi, mabokosi olumikizirana, ma swichi, malo ogulitsira) pakukhazikitsa kokhazikika, ndi zida zogwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi zida zina, monga ma motala osasunthika okhala ndi kulumikizana kwamuyaya ndi kukhazikitsa kosakhazikika.
	Zida zamagetsi zomwe zimaphulika ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena poyandikira, komwe kuyambira kumayambira, mwachitsanzo kumtunda kwa bolodi lalikulu. Zitsanzo za zida zotere ndi ma mita amagetsi, zida zoyambira zotetezera, ndi ma unit olamulira.

U "woyika" U_P magwiridwe antchito amayenera kufananizidwa ndi chidwi chakupirira kuthekera kwa katunduyo.

SPD ili ndi mulingo wachitetezo chamagetsi U_P ndizofunikira, mwachitsanzo, kutanthauzidwa ndikuyesedwa mosadalira kukhazikitsa kwake. Pochita, posankha U_P magwiridwe antchito a SPD, malire otetezera amayenera kutengedwa kuti alolere zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa SPD (onani Chithunzi J26 ndi Connection of Surge Protection Device).

Mkuyu. J26 - Adakhazikitsa U_P

Mulingo wotetezedwa wamagetsi "woyikiratu" U_P omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza zida zowoneka bwino pama 230/400 V pamagetsi a magetsi ndi 2.5 kV (gawo lowonjezera la II, onani mkuyu. J27).

Zindikirani:
Ngati mulingo wotetezedwa wamagetsi sungakwaniritsidwe ndi SPD yomwe ikubwera kapena ngati zida zazinsinsi zili kutali (onani Zinthu zachitetezo # Malo ndi mtundu wa SPD Malo ndi mtundu wa SPD, SPD yowonjezera yolumikizidwa iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse mlingo wofunika chitetezo.

Chiwerengero cha mitengo

• Kutengera dongosolo la padziko lapansi, ndikofunikira kupereka zomangamanga za SPD zowonetsetsa kutetezedwa munjira yofananira (CM) ndi masiyanidwe (DM).

Mkuyu. J27 - Chitetezo chimafunikira malinga ndi dongosolo lapansi

a. Chitetezo pakati pamagawo osalowerera ndale chitha kuphatikizidwa mu SPD yoyikidwa koyambirira kwa kukhazikitsa kapena kusinthidwa pafupi ndi zida zomwe ziyenera kutetezedwa
b. Ngati ndale sizigawidwa

Zindikirani:

Kuthamanga kwofananira
Njira yayikulu yotetezera ndikukhazikitsa SPD mumayendedwe ofanana pakati pamagawo ndi woyendetsa wa PE (kapena PEN), zilizonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Masiyanidwe-mode overvoltage
M'machitidwe a TT ndi TN-S, kuwonongeka kwa kusalowerera ndale kumabweretsa asymmetry chifukwa cha zovuta zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonekera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti kukokomeza kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphezi kumakhala kofala.

2P, 3P ndi 4P SPDs
(onani mkuyu. J28)
Izi zimasinthidwa kukhala machitidwe a IT, TN-C, TN-CS.
Amapereka chitetezo pamagulu omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo

Mkuyu. J28 - 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P SPDs

1P + N, 3P + N SPDs
(onani mkuyu. J29)
Izi zimasinthidwa ndimachitidwe a TT ndi TN-S.
Amatetezera kukuwonongeka kofananira komanso kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana

Mkuyu. J29 - 1P + N, 3P + N SPDs

Kusankhidwa kwa Type 1 SPD
Limbikitsani Iimp yapano

• Pomwe palibe malamulo adziko kapena mtundu wa nyumba yomwe ingatetezedwe: Iimp yomwe ikukhudzidwa pano izikhala pafupifupi 12.5 kA (10/350 µs wave) panthambi iliyonse malinga ndi IEC 60364-5-534.
• Komwe malamulo alipo: standard IEC 62305-2 itanthauzira magawo 4: I, II, III ndi IV

Gome lomwe lili mu Chithunzi J31 likuwonetsa magawo osiyanasiyana a I_Ndondocha pamlandu woyang'anira.

Mkuyu. J30 - Chitsanzo choyambirira cha kuyerekezera I_Ndondocha kugawa kwapano mgawo la 3

Mkuyu. J31 - Gulu la I_Ndondocha mitengo malinga ndi mulingo wachitetezo cha nyumbayo (kutengera IEC / EN 62305-2)

Autoextinguish tsatirani I_fi

Makhalidwewa amangogwira ntchito ma SPD okha omwe ali ndiukadaulo wa spark. Kutsata motengera motere I_fi ziyenera kukhala zazikulu nthawi zonse kuposa zomwe ndikuyembekeza kuti zizikhala zazifupi pano_sc pomaliza kukhazikitsa.

Kusankhidwa kwa Type 2 SPD
Zolemba malire kumaliseche Imax

Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa Imax pakadali pano kumatanthauzidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero chokhudzana ndi komwe kuli nyumbayo.
Mtengo wamtundu wotulutsira kwambiri pano (Imax) umatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika zowopsa (onani tebulo mu Chithunzi J32).

Mkuyu. J32 - Analimbikitsa pazipita kumaliseche pano Imax malingana ndi msinkhu woyenera

Kusankhidwa kwa Chipangizo Chaching'ono Chozungulira Chitetezo (SCPD)

Zipangizo zachitetezo (zotenthetsera komanso zazifupi) ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi SPD kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito kodalirika
onetsetsani kuti ntchito ikupitirira:

• kulimbana ndi mafunde amagetsi
• osapanga magetsi ochulukirapo.

Onetsetsani kuti mukutetezedwa moyenera ku mitundu yonse yamaphunziro apamwamba:

• zimamuchulukira potsatira kuthawa kwa varistor;
• kufupika kwakanthawi kochepa (kopanda mphamvu);
• dera lalifupi lamphamvu kwambiri.

Zowopsa zomwe muyenera kuzipewa kumapeto kwa moyo wa SPDs
Chifukwa cha ukalamba

Pankhani yakutha kwamoyo chifukwa cha ukalamba, chitetezo ndi chamtundu wamafuta. SPD yokhala ndi varistors iyenera kukhala ndi cholumikizira mkati chomwe chimalepheretsa SPD.
Chidziwitso: Kutha kwa moyo kudzera kuthawa kotentha sikukhudzana ndi SPD yokhala ndi chubu chotulutsa gasi kapena mpata wotsekemera.

Chifukwa cholakwika

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutha kwa moyo chifukwa chakulakwitsa kwakanthawi ndi:

• Zolemba malire mphamvu kumaliseche kuposa. Vutoli limabweretsa dera lalifupi.
• Cholakwika chifukwa cha magawidwe (osalowerera / gawo kusinthana, kusagwirizana ndale).
• Pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuwonongeka kwa varistor.
  Zolakwitsa ziwiri zomalizazi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mayendedwe ochepa.
  Kukhazikitsa kuyenera kutetezedwa ku zovulaza zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha mitundu yolakwika iyi: cholumikizira chamkati (matenthedwe) chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa chilibe nthawi yotentha, chifukwa chake imagwira ntchito.
  Chida chapadera chotchedwa "External Short Circuit Protection Device (kunja kwa SCPD)", chokhoza kuthana ndi dera lalifupi, chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi chida chowombera dera kapena fuseuse.

Makhalidwe a SCPD wakunja

SCPD yakunja iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi SPD. Lapangidwa kuti likwaniritse zovuta ziwiri izi:

Mphezi zikupirira

Mphezi zaposachedwa ndizofunika kwa SPD's External Short Circuit Protection Device.
SCPD yakunja siyiyenera kupita pamafunde opitilira 15 otsatizana ku In.

Short-dera panopa kupirira

• Kutha kwakukhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo oyika (muyezo wa IEC 60364):
  SCPD yakunja iyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wofanana kapena wokulirapo kuposa Isc yemwe angayende pang'ono pakadali pano poyikira (malinga ndi muyezo wa IEC 60364).
• Chitetezo cha kukhazikitsa motsutsana ndi madera afupikitsa
  Makamaka, gawo lofupikirali limataya mphamvu zambiri ndipo liyenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke pakuyika ndi SPD.
  Mgwirizano woyenera pakati pa SPD ndi kunja kwake SCPD uyenera kuperekedwa ndi wopanga.

Njira yokhazikitsira SCPD yakunja
Chipangizo "motsatana"

SCPD imafotokozedwa kuti ndi "mndandanda" (onani mkuyu. J33) pomwe chitetezo chimachitidwa ndi chida chachitetezo cha netiweki kuti chitetezedwe (mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana kwa dera loyenda kumtunda kwa kukhazikitsa).

Mkuyu. J33 - SCPD "motsatana"

Chipangizo "chimodzimodzi"

SCPD imanenedwa kuti "mofananira" (onani mkuyu. J34) pomwe chitetezo chimachitika makamaka ndi chida chodzitchinjiriza chokhudzana ndi SPD.

• SCPD yakunja imatchedwa "disconnecting breaker breaker" ngati ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi woyimitsa dera.
• Wodula woyimitsa akhoza kapena sangaphatikizidwe mu SPD.

Mkuyu. J34 - SCPD "mofanana"

Zindikirani:
Pankhani ya SPD yokhala ndi chubu yotulutsa gasi kapena mpata wotsekedwa, SCPD imalola kuti zomwe zidulidwazi zidulidwe mukangogwiritsa ntchito.

Chitsimikizo cha chitetezo

SCPD yakunja iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi SPD ndikuyesedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga SPD malinga ndi malingaliro amtundu wa IEC 61643-11. Iyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga. Mwachitsanzo, onani matebulo ogwiritsira ntchito Electric SCPD + SPD.

Chipangizochi chikaphatikizidwa, kutsatira miyezo yazogulitsa IEC 61643-11 mwachilengedwe kumatsimikizira chitetezo.

Mkuyu. J35 - SPDs ndi SCPD yakunja, yosaphatikizika (iC60N + iPRD 40r) yophatikizidwa (iQuick PRD 40r)

Chidule cha mawonekedwe a SCPD akunja

Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwamakhalidwe kumaperekedwa mgawo Makhalidwe atsatanetsatane a SCPD yakunja.
Gome lomwe lili mu Chithunzi J36 likuwonetsa, mwachitsanzo, chidule cha mawonekedwe malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya SCPD yakunja.

Mkuyu. J36 - Makhalidwe oteteza kutha kwa moyo wa mtundu 2 SPD malinga ndi ma SCPD akunja

Njira yokhazikitsira SCPD yakunja	Mndandanda	Mofananamo
		Lama fuyusi chitetezo-kugwirizana	Chitetezo chadera chomwe chimakhudzana	Chitetezo chadera chophatikizika
Kutetezedwa kwambiri kwa zida	=	=	=	=
	Ma SPD amateteza zida mosakhutira zilizonse za SCPD zakunja
Chitetezo cha kukhazikitsa kumapeto kwa moyo	-	=	+	++
	Palibe chitsimikizo cha chitetezo chotheka	Chitsimikizo cha wopanga		Chitsimikizo chathunthu
		Chitetezo kumayendedwe amfupi a impedance sichinatsimikizidwe bwino	Chitetezo ku madera afupikitsa chatsimikizika bwino
Kupitiliza kwa ntchito kumapeto kwa moyo	- -	+	+	+
	Kukhazikitsa kwathunthu kwatsekedwa	Dera lokha la SPD limatsekedwa
Kusamalira kumapeto kwa moyo	- -	=	+	+
	Kutseka kwa kuyika kumafunika	Kusintha kwa fyuzi	Kubwezeretsanso nthawi yomweyo

SPD ndi tebulo yolumikizira zida

Gome lomwe lili mu Chithunzi J37 pansipa likuwonetsa kulumikizana kwa ma disc breaker (kunja kwa SCPD) kwamtundu wa 1 ndi 2 SPDs wa mtundu wa XXX Electric pamiyeso yonse yamafupipafupi oyenda.

Kuphatikiza pakati pa SPD ndi ma breaker ake odula, akuwonetsedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi Electric, kumatsimikizira chitetezo chodalirika (mafunde amphezi kupirira, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha impedance mafunde amafupikitsa, ndi zina zambiri)

Mkuyu. J37 - Chitsanzo cha tebulo yolumikizira pakati pa ma SPD ndi omwe amadula oyenda. Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana matebulo aposachedwa operekedwa ndi opanga.

Kuphatikiza ndi zida zoteteza kumtunda

Kuphatikiza ndi zida zodzitetezera mopitilira muyeso
Pakukhazikitsa magetsi, SCPD yakunja ndi zida zofananira ndi zida zodzitetezera: izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zogwiritsa ntchito posankha ndi njira zosunthira pakukonzekereratu kwadongosolo ndi zachuma.

Kuphatikiza ndi zida zotsalira zaposachedwa
Ngati SPD imayikidwa kutsika kwa chida chodzitchinjiriza padziko lapansi, chomalizirachi chiyenera kukhala cha "si" kapena mtundu wosankha wokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kupopera mafunde osachepera 3 kA (8/20 μs wave wave).

Kukhazikitsa kwa Surge Protection Device
Kulumikizana kwa Chipangizo Cha Surge Protection

Kulumikizana kwa SPD ndi katunduyo kuyenera kukhala kofupikirapo momwe zingathere kuti muchepetse kufunika kwa mulingo wamagetsi otetezera (omwe adaikidwapo Pamwamba) pamakomapeto a zida zotetezedwa.

Kutalika konse kwa kulumikizana kwa SPD ndi netiweki ndi malo oyimitsira dziko lapansi sikuyenera kupitirira 50 cm.

Chimodzi mwazofunikira pakutetezera zida ndizotetezedwa kwambiri zamagetsi (zoyikika Pamwamba) zomwe zida zimatha kupirira kumapeto kwake. Chifukwa chake, SPD iyenera kusankhidwa ndi mulingo wachitetezo champhamvu Up yomwe idasinthidwa kutetezera zida (onani mkuyu. J38). Kutalika konse kwa oyendetsa kulumikizana ndi

L = L1 + L2 + L3.

Pamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, kutalika kwa gawo limodzi kulumikizana pafupifupi 1 µH / m.

Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Lenz kulumikizana uku: ΔU = L di / dt

Mawonekedwe abwinobwino a 8/20 currents, omwe ali ndi matalikidwe amakono a 8 kA, chifukwa chake amapangitsa kukwera kwamagetsi kwa 1000 V pa mita yachingwe.

=U = 1 x 10-6 x 8 x 103/8 x 10-6 = 1000 V

Mkuyu. J38 - Kulumikizana kwa SPD L <50 cm

Zotsatira zake ma voliyumu azida zamagetsi, U zida, ndi:
Zida za U = Up + U1 + U2
Ngati L1 + L2 + L3 = 50 cm, ndipo funde ndi 8/20 withs lokhala ndi matalikidwe a 8 kA, ma voliyumu opitilira zida azikhala Pamwamba + 500 V.

Kulumikiza mu mpanda wa pulasitiki

Chithunzi J39 pansipa chikuwonetsa momwe mungalumikizire SPD mu chipinda cha pulasitiki.

Mkuyu. J39 - Chitsanzo cha kulumikizana mu mpanda wa pulasitiki

Kulumikiza mu chitsulo chachitsulo

Pankhani ya msonkhano wa switchgear pachitsulo chachitsulo, kungakhale kwanzeru kulumikiza SPD molunjika kumalo otsekemera kwazitsulo, pomwe nyumbayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kondakitala woteteza (onani mkuyu. J40).
Makonzedwewa amatsatira muyezo wa IEC 61439-2 ndipo wopanga Assembly ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe a mpandawo agwiritse ntchito izi.

Mkuyu. J40 - Chitsanzo cha kulumikizana kwazitsulo

Kondakitala mtanda gawo

Gawo loyendetsa loyendetsa laling'ono limaganizira:

• Ntchito yabwinobwino kuti iperekedwe: Kuyenda kwa mphezi pakadali pano kutsika kwamagetsi (50 cm).
  Chidziwitso: Mosiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pa 50 Hz, chodabwitsa cha mphezi pokhala pafupipafupi, kuwonjezeka kwa gawo loyendetsa sikuchepetsa kwambiri kutsekeka kwapafupipafupi.
• Otsogolera amayimilira pamafupipafupi oyendetsa: Woyendetsa akuyenera kukana mayendedwe apafupipafupi panthawi yoteteza kwambiri.
  IEC 60364 imalimbikitsa pakuyika komwe kukubwera kumapeto magawo osachepera a:
• 4 mm2 (Cu) yolumikizira mtundu wa 2 SPD;
• 16 mm2 (Cu) yolumikizira mtundu wa 1 SPD (kupezeka kwa chitetezo cha mphezi).

Zitsanzo zakukhazikitsa kwabwino kwa SPD

Mkuyu. J41 - Zitsanzo za kuyika kwa SPD kwabwino ndi koipa

Kapangidwe kazida ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo oyika: zingwe zazitali sizikhala zosakwana 50 cm.

Malamulo a Cabling a Surge Protection Device
Chigamulo 1

Lamulo loyambirira kutsatira ndikuti kutalika kwa kulumikizana kwa SPD pakati pa netiweki (kudzera pa SCPD yakunja) ndi malo oyimitsira nthaka sayenera kupitirira 50 cm.
Chithunzi J42 ikuwonetsa kuthekera konse kulumikizana kwa SPD.
Mkuyu. J42 - SPD yokhala ndi SCPD yakunja kapena yophatikiza

Chigamulo 2

Omwe akuwayendetsa otumiza omwe akutuluka otetezedwa:

• iyenera kulumikizidwa kumapeto kwa SCPD yakunja kapena SPD;
• ayenera kupatulidwa kuthupi ndi oyendetsa omwe akubwera.

Zili kumanja kwakumapeto kwa SPD ndi SCPD (onani Chithunzi J43).

Mkuyu. J43 - Kulumikizana kwa odyetsa omwe akutumizidwa ali kumanja kwa malo amtundu wa SPD

Chigamulo 3

Otsogolera omwe akubwera kumene, osalowerera ndale, komanso oteteza (PE) akuyenera kuthamanga wina ndi mnzake kuti achepetse kuzungulira (onani mkuyu. J44).

Chigamulo 4

Otsogolera omwe akubwera a SPD akuyenera kukhala kutali ndi otsogolera otetezedwa kuti apewe kuwadetsa polumikizira (onani mkuyu J44).

Chigamulo 5

Zingwezi zimayenera kukhomedwa pamiyala yazitsulo (ngati zilipo) kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a chimango ndikupindula ndi zotchinjiriza motsutsana ndi zisokonezo za EM.

Nthawi zonse, ziyenera kuwunikidwa ngati mafelemu azosinthana ndi zotsekera adalikudutsa kudzera pamaulumikizidwe achidule kwambiri.

Pomaliza, ngati zingwe zotchinga zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika kwakukulu kuyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa kumachepetsa kutetezedwa (onani mkuyu. J44).

Mkuyu. J44 - Chitsanzo cha kusintha kwa EMC pochepetsa malo olumikizira ndi impedance wamba pobisalira magetsi

Chitetezo chokwanira zitsanzo za ntchito

Chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito SPD mu Supermarket

Mkuyu. J46 - Network yolumikizirana

Zothetsera komanso chithunzi

• Kuwongolera kosankha kwamphamvu kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kudziwa phindu lenileni la womangayo kumapeto kumapeto kwa kukhazikitsa ndi komwe kudalirako kozungulira.
• Monga zida zovuta (U_Ndondocha <1.5 kV) ili pamtunda wopitilira 10m kuchokera pachida chotetezera chomwe chikubwera, chitetezo choyenera chomangidwa akuyenera kuyikidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi katunduyo.
• Kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zikupitilirabe m'malo ozizira: "si" mitundu yotsalira ya ma breakers azigwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukhumudwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakukula kwa mphamvu zapadziko lapansi pamene mphenzi zimadutsa.
• Pofuna kudzitchinjiriza kukuwonjezeka kwamlengalenga: 1, ikani chosungira chomenyera mu switchboard yayikulu. 2, ikani chitetezo chabwino chomanga chitetezo pagulu lililonse (1 ndi 2) popereka zida zodziwika bwino zopitilira 10m kuchokera kwa omwe akubwera. 3, ikani ma arrester oyandikira pa netiweki zamafoni kuti muteteze zida zoperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, ma alarm a moto, ma modem, matelefoni, fakisi.

Malangizo a kabling

• Onetsetsani kuti pakadali pano pali kuyimitsidwa kwanyumbayi.
• Chepetsani malo olumikizirana magetsi.

Malangizo oyikira

• Ikani ma surge arrester, ine_Max = 40 kA (8/20 µs), ndi iC60 disconnection breaker yoyesa 40 A.
• Ikani chitetezo chabwino chomanga omanga, i_Max = 8 kA (8/20 µs) ndi ma iC60 olumikizana ndi ma disc disconioned breakers adavotera 10 A

Mkuyu. J46 - Network yolumikizirana

SPD ya mapulogalamu a photovoltaic

Kuchulukitsa kumatha kuchitika pamagetsi amagetsi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Itha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Malo ogawira chifukwa cha mphezi kapena ntchito iliyonse yomwe yachitika.
• Mphezi (pafupi kapena nyumba ndi makina a PV, kapena oyendetsa mphezi).
• Kusiyanasiyana m'munda wamagetsi chifukwa cha mphezi.

Monga nyumba zonse zakunja, makhazikitsidwe a PV amakhala pachiwopsezo cha mphezi zomwe zimasiyana dera ndi dera. Njira zopewera ndikumanga ziyenera kukhala m'malo.

Chitetezo mwa kulumikizana kwamaphunziro

Chitetezo choyamba kukhazikitsa ndi sing'anga (wochititsa) yemwe amatsimikizira kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pazigawo zonse za PV.

Cholinga ndikumanga ma conductor onse okhala pansi ndi zitsulo ndipo potero apange kuthekera kofanana pazonse zomwe zidayikidwa.

Chitetezo ndi zida zotetezera (SPDs)

Ma SPD ndiofunikira makamaka kuteteza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi monga AC / DC Inverter, zida zowunikira ndi ma module a PV, komanso zida zina zoyipa zoyendetsedwa ndi netiweki yamagetsi ya 230 VAC. Njira zotsatirazi zowunikira zoopsa zimakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika kwa kutalika kwa Lcrit ndikufanizira kwake ndi L kutalika kwa mizere ya dc.
Chitetezo cha SPD chimafunika ngati L-Lcrit.
Lcrit zimatengera mtundu wa kukhazikitsa kwa PV ndipo amawerengedwa monga tebulo lotsatira (mkuyu J47) likufotokoza:

Mkuyu. J47 - SPD DC kusankha

L ndi chiwerengero cha:

• Kutalika kwa mtunda pakati pa ma inverter ndi bokosi lolumikizirana, poganizira kuti kutalika kwa chingwe chomwe chili mumsewu womwewo kumangowerengedwa kamodzi, ndipo
• Kuchuluka kwa mtunda pakati pa bokosi lolumikizira ndi malo olumikizirana am'magawo a photovoltaic omwe amapanga chingwe, poganizira kuti kutalika kwa chingwe chomwe chili mumsewu womwewo kumawerengedwa kamodzi kokha.

Ng ndi kuchuluka kwa mphezi (mapikisano / km2 / chaka).

Mkuyu. J48 - SPD kusankha

Chitetezo cha SPD
Location	Ma PV kapena ma Array box		Mbali ya Inverter DC	Mbali ya Inverter AC		Bolodi yayikulu
	LDC			LAC		Ndodo ya mphezi
Zotsatira	<10 m	> 10 m		<10 m	> 10 m	inde	Ayi
Mtundu wa SPD	Posafunikira	"SPD 1" Mtundu 2 [a]	"SPD 2" Mtundu 2 [a]	Posafunikira	"SPD 3" Mtundu 2 [a]	"SPD 4" Mtundu 1 [a]	"SPD 4" Lembani 2 ngati Ng> 2.5 & mzere wapamwamba

[a]. 1 2 3 4 Mtundu wopatukana 1 malinga ndi EN 62305 sunawonedwe.

Kuyika SPD

Chiwerengero ndi malo a SPD pambali ya DC zimadalira kutalika kwa zingwe pakati pamagetsi am'mlengalenga ndi ma inverter. SPD iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi inverter ngati kutalika kuli kochepera mita 10. Ngati ili yayikulu kuposa mamitala 10, SPD yachiwiri ndiyofunikira ndipo iyenera kupezedwa m'bokosi pafupi ndi gulu ladzuwa, yoyamba ili mdera la inverter.

Kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino, zingwe zolumikizira za SPD ku L + / L- netiweki komanso pakati pa SPD's terminal block ndi nthaka busbar ziyenera kukhala zazifupi momwe zingathere - zosakwana 2.5 mita (d1 + d2 <50 cm).

Kupanga mphamvu kotetezeka komanso kodalirika kwa photovoltaic

Kutengera mtunda wapakati pa gawo la "jenereta" ndi gawo la "kutembenuka", kungakhale koyenera kukhazikitsa ma arrester awiri kapena kupitilira apo, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha magawo awiriwa.

Mkuyu. J49 - SPD malo

Kutetezedwa kwaukadaulo zowonjezera zowonjezera

Miyezo yoteteza mphezi

Gawo lodziwika bwino la IEC 62305 1 mpaka 4 (NF EN 62305 magawo 1 mpaka 4) limakonzanso ndikusintha zofalitsa za IEC 61024 (mndandanda), IEC 61312 (mndandanda), ndi IEC 61663 (mndandanda) pamakina oteteza mphezi.

Gawo 1 - Mfundo zazikuluzikulu

Gawoli limafotokoza zambiri za mphezi ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi zambiri ndipo imafotokozanso zikalata zina.

Gawo 2 - Kuwongolera zoopsa

Gawoli likuwonetsa kusanthula komwe kumapangitsa kuwerengera chiwopsezo cha kapangidwe kake ndikuwona zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo kuti alole kukhathamiritsa kwaukadaulo ndi zachuma.

Gawo 3 - Kuwonongeka kwakuthupi ndi zoopsa m'moyo

Gawoli likufotokoza kutetezedwa ku mikwingwirima yachindunji, kuphatikiza makina oteteza mphezi, owongolera pansi, otsogolera padziko lapansi, zida zofunikira motero SPD yokhala ndi chomangiriza (Type 1 SPD).

Gawo 4 - Makina amagetsi ndi zamagetsi mkati mwazinthu

Gawoli likufotokoza kutetezedwa ku zotsatira za mphezi, kuphatikiza chitetezo cha SPD (Mitundu 2 ndi 3), kutchinga chingwe, malamulo okhazikitsa SPD, ndi zina zambiri.

Miyezo yambiri ikuwonjezeredwa ndi:

• mndandanda wa IEC 61643 wa miyezo yotanthauzira zopitilira muyeso (onani Zida za SPD);
• IEC 60364-4 ndi -5 mndandanda wazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pazomwe zimayikidwa pamagetsi a LV (onani Kutha kwa moyo kwa SPD).

Zigawo za SPD

A SPD makamaka amakhala (onani mkuyu. J50):

1. chimodzi kapena zingapo zopanda mzere: gawo lamoyo (varistor, chubu yotulutsa mpweya [GDT], etc.);
2. chida chotetezera kutentha (chodulira mkati) chomwe chimachitchinjiriza ku kuthawa kotentha kumapeto kwa moyo (SPD yokhala ndi varistor);
3. chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonetsa kutha kwa moyo wa SPD; Ma SPD ena amalola malipoti akutali za izi;
4. SCPD yakunja yomwe imapereka chitetezo kumayendedwe amfupi (chipangizochi chitha kuphatikizidwa mu SPD).

Mkuyu. J50 - Chithunzi cha SPD

Ukadaulo wa gawo lamoyo

Zipangizo zamakono zambiri zilipo kuti zitheke. Aliyense ali ndi zabwino ndi zovuta:

• Ma diode a Zener;
• The chubu kumaliseche chubu (ankalamulira kapena ayi ankalamulira);
• Varistor (zinc oxide varistor [ZOV]).

Gome ili m'munsi likuwonetsa mawonekedwe ndi makonzedwe a matekinoloje atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Mkuyu. J51 - Chidule cha tebulo

chigawo chimodzi	Gesi yotulutsa gasi (GDT)	Mzere wotsekedwa	Zinc oxide varistor	GDT ndi varistor motsatana	Kutsekeka kwa spark gap ndi varistor molumikizana
makhalidwe
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito	Voteji kusintha	Voteji kusintha	Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi	Kusintha kwama voliyumu ndikuzimitsa pamndandanda	Kusintha kwama voliyumu ndikuzimitsa mofananira
Ma curve opangira
ntchito	Telecom network LV maukonde (yogwirizana ndi varistor)	LV maukonde	LV maukonde	LV maukonde	LV maukonde
Mtundu wa SPD	Lembani 2	Lembani 1	Lembani 1 kapena Mtundu 2	Lembani 1+ Mtundu 2	Lembani 1+ Mtundu 2

Chimaliziro cha moyo wa SPD

Zizindikiro zakumapeto kwa moyo zimalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira chamkati ndi SCPD yakunja ya SPD kudziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti zida zake sizitetezedwenso pakuwuluka kwamlengalenga.

Chizindikiro chakomweko

Ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri imafunikira ndi nambala yakukhazikitsa. Chizindikiro chakumapeto kwa moyo chimaperekedwa ndi chisonyezo (chowala kapena chopanga) kwa cholumikizira mkati ndi / kapena SCPD yakunja.

Pamene SCPD yakunja ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fyuzi ya fuse, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale fuseti ndi womenyera komanso maziko okhala ndi njira yopunthira kuti izi zitheke.

Kuphatikiza kophatikizira kophatikizika

Chizindikiro cha mawotchi ndi malo oyang'anira olamulira amalola zisonyezero zakumapeto kwa moyo.

Chizindikiro chakomweko komanso malipoti akutali

iQuick PRD SPD ya mtundu wa XXX Electric ndi yamtundu "wokonzeka kupanga waya" wokhala ndi cholumikizira chophatikizira chophatikizika.

Chizindikiro chakomweko

iQuick PRD SPD (onani mkuyu. J53) ili ndi zida zofananira:

• Chizindikiro (chofiira) chamakina komanso momwe chingwe chodulira cholumikizira chikuwonetsera kutseka kwa SPD;
• Chizindikiro (chofiira) pamakina onse amtunduwu chikuwonetsa kutha kwa moyo wa cartridge.

Mkuyu. J53 - iQuick PRD 3P + N SPD ya mtundu wa XXX Electric

Malipoti akutali

(onani mkuyu. J54)

iQuick PRD SPD ili ndi chiwonetsero cholozera chomwe chimalola malipoti akutali a:

• katiriji mapeto a moyo;
• katiriji wosowa, ndipo ikayikidwanso mmalo mwake;
• cholakwika pa netiweki (kufupikitsa, kuchotsedwa kwandale, kusintha kwa gawo / kusalowerera ndale);
• kusinthana kwamanja kwanuko.

Zotsatira zake, kuwunika kwakutali kwa magwiridwe antchito a ma SPD omwe adakhazikitsidwa kumapangitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zotetezerazi poyimirira nthawi zonse zimakhala zokonzeka kugwira ntchito.

Mkuyu. J54 - Kukhazikitsa kuwala kwa iQuick PRD SPD

Mkuyu. J55 - Chizindikiro chakutali cha SPD pogwiritsa ntchito Smartlink

Kusamalira kumapeto kwa moyo

Chizindikiro chakumapeto kwa moyo chikuwonetsa kutseka, SPD (kapena cartridge yomwe ikufunsidwayo) iyenera kusinthidwa.

Pankhani ya iQuick PRD SPD, kukonza kumathandizidwa:

• Katiriji kumapeto kwa moyo (kuti asinthidwe) amadziwika ndi Dipatimenti Yokonza zinthu.
• Katiriji kumapeto kwa moyo akhoza kusinthidwa ndi chitetezo chathunthu chifukwa chida chachitetezo chimaletsa kutsekedwa kwa chodula chodulira ngati cartridge ikusowa.

Makhalidwe atsatanetsatane a SCPD yakunja

Mawonekedwe apano akupirira

Mafunde apano amalimbana ndi mayeso kuma SCPD akunja akuwonetsa motere:

• Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwake komanso ukadaulo (NH kapena fuse yamagetsi), mafunde apano opirira amatha kukhala bwino ndi fyuzi ya mtundu wa aM (chitetezo chamoto) kuposa fuse ya gG (yogwiritsa ntchito).
• Kuti mupeze kuchuluka komwe mwapatsidwa, mafunde apano amatha kulimbana ndi kuthekera kwake ndikwabwino ndi chowononga dera kuposa chida chama fuyusi. Chithunzi J56 pansipa chikuwonetsa zotsatira za mayendedwe amagetsi pamagetsi:
• kuteteza SPD yofotokozedwera Imax = 20 kA, SCPD yakunja yomwe ingasankhidwe mwina ndi MCB 16 A kapena Fuse aM 63 A, Dziwani: pamenepa, Fuse gG 63 A siyabwino.
• kuteteza SPD yofotokozedwera Imax = 40 kA, SCPD yakunja yomwe ingasankhidwe mwina ndi MCB 40 A kapena Fuse aM 125 A,

Mkuyu. J56 - Kuyerekeza kwa mafunde amagetsi a SCPD kupirira kuthekera kwa ine_Max = 20 kA ndi ine_Max = 40 kA

Anaika Pamwamba pamlingo wachitetezo chamagetsi

Mwambiri:

• Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatsikira kumapeto kwa malo ozungulira dera ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa kumapeto kwa chida chamagetsi. Izi ndichifukwa choti kusokonekera kwa zida zamagawo (zotentha ndi maginito opunthira) ndizokwera kuposa fuse.

Komabe:

• Kusiyanitsa pakati pamavuto amagetsi kumakhalabe pang'ono pamafunde apano osapitilira 10 kA (95% yamilandu);
• Mulingo wotetezedwa wa Voltage up umaganiziranso za kutsekemera kwa ma cabling. Izi zitha kukhala zapamwamba pakakhala ukadaulo wa fyuzi (chida chotetezera kutali ndi SPD) komanso wotsika ukadaulo waukadaulo woyendetsa dera (woyendetsa dera pafupi, komanso wophatikizidwa mu SPD).

Chidziwitso: Mulingo wotetezedwa wa voltage pamwamba ndi kuchuluka kwa madontho amagetsi:

• mu SPD;
• mu SCPD yakunja;
• mu zida zamagetsi

Chitetezo kumayendedwe amfupi a impedance

Dera lalifupi la impedance limataya mphamvu zambiri ndipo liyenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke pakuyika ndi SPD.

Chithunzi J57 ikufanizira nthawi yoyankha komanso kuchepa mphamvu kwa chitetezo ndi fyuluta ya 63 A AM ndi 25 A breaker dera.

Njira ziwirizi zodzitetezera zili ndi 8/20 /s yokhoza kupirira (27 kA ndi 30 kA motsatana).

Mkuyu. J57 - Kuyerekeza nthawi / mphamvu zamakono komanso zoperewera zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi

Kufalikira kwa mphezi yamphezi

Ma netiweki amagetsi amakhala otsika kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa mafunde amadzimadzi kumachitika nthawi yomweyo poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwazomwe zimachitika: nthawi iliyonse ya ochititsa, magetsi omwewo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ofanana.

Mafunde a mphezi ndi chochitika chapamwamba kwambiri (mazana angapo kHz kupita ku MHz):

• Mafunde amphezi amafalikira limodzi ndi wochititsa pa liwiro linalake poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitikazo. Zotsatira zake, nthawi iliyonse, magetsiwo alibe phindu lofanana paliponse pazotengera (onani mkuyu. J58).

Mkuyu. J58 - Kukula kwa mphezi mu kondakitala

• Kusintha kwa sing'anga kumapangitsa chodabwitsa cha kufalikira ndi / kapena kuwunikira kwa funde kutengera:

1. kusiyana kwampikisano pakati pazankhani ziwirizi;
2. mafupipafupi a funde lomwe likupita patsogolo (kuthamanga kwa nthawi yakukwera pakagunda);
3. kutalika kwa sing'anga.

Pankhani ya kusinkhasinkha kwathunthu, makamaka, kuchuluka kwamagetsi kumatha kuwirikiza.

Chitsanzo: nkhani yachitetezo ndi SPD

Kuwonetsa chodabwitsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafunde amphezi ndi kuyesa mu labotore kunawonetsa kuti katundu wothandizidwa ndi 30 m wa chingwe wotetezedwa kumtunda ndi SPD pamagetsi a Up Up amathandizira, chifukwa cha zochitika zowunikira, mphamvu yayikulu ya 2 x U_P (onani mkuyu. J59). Mafunde amagetsi awa siamphamvu.

Mkuyu. J59 - Chiwonetsero cha mphezi potseka kwa chingwe

Kukonzekera

Pazinthu zitatuzi (kusiyana kwa impedance, pafupipafupi, mtunda), chokhacho chomwe chitha kuwongoleredwa ndikutalika kwa chingwe pakati pa SPD ndi katundu kuti atetezedwe. Kukula kwakutali, kuwonekera kwakukulu.

Nthawi zambiri, pazowonjezera zamagetsi zomwe zimayang'anizana ndi nyumba, zochitika zowunikira ndizofunikira kuchokera pa 10 m ndipo zimatha kuchulukitsa magetsi kuchokera ku 30 m (onani mkuyu. J60).

Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa SPD yachiwiri motetezedwa ngati chingwe chautali chikuposa 10 m pakati pa SPD yomwe ikubwera ndi zida zomwe ziyenera kutetezedwa.

Mkuyu. J60 - Kutalika kwamagetsi kumapeto kwa chingwe kutengera kutalika kwake mpaka kutsogolo kwazomwe zimachitika = 4kV / ife

Chitsanzo cha mphezi zomwe zilipo mu TT system

Common mode SPD pakati pa gawo ndi PE kapena gawo ndipo PEN imayikidwa mtundu uliwonse wamakonzedwe apadziko lapansi (onani mkuyu. J61).

Kutsutsana kosavomerezeka komwe kumatsutsana ndi R1 komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ma pylons kumakhala kotsikirako pang'ono kuposa komwe kumatsutsana ndi R2 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa.

Mphezi zitha kudutsa dera la ABCD kupita padziko lapansi kudzera njira yosavuta. Idutsa varistors V1 ndi V2 motsatana, ndikupangitsa kusiyanasiyana kwamagetsi kofanana ndi kawiri Mphamvu yamagetsi ya SPD (U_P1 + U_P2) kuwonekera pamapeto a A ndi C pakhomo lolowera m'malo ovuta.

Mkuyu. J61 - Kuteteza wamba

Pofuna kuteteza katundu pakati pa Ph ndi N moyenera, mawonekedwe amtundu wamagetsi (pakati pa A ndi C) ayenera kuchepetsedwa.

Ntchito ina ya SPD imagwiritsidwa ntchito (onani mkuyu. J62)

Mphezi yomwe ikuyenda ikadutsa dera la ABH lomwe lili ndi vuto locheperako poyerekeza ndi dera la ABCD, chifukwa chopanda mphamvu kwa chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa B ndi H sichikhala chopanda pake. Poterepa, magetsi osiyana ndi ofanana ndi magetsi otsalira a SPD (U_P2).

Mkuyu. J62 - Chitetezo chodziwika komanso chosiyanitsa