Zida zoteteza mphezi

Zipangizo zoteteza mphezi kudzera mu magetsi amakono ndi ukadaulo wina kuti zida ziwonongeke ndi mphezi. Zida zoteteza mphezi zitha kugawidwa poteteza magetsi, zotchinjiriza mphamvu, chitetezo chonyamulira ma antenna, chitetezo cha mphezi, zida zoyesera zoteteza mphezi, muyeso, ndi chitetezo chamagetsi, kuteteza mzati padziko lapansi.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chachitetezo chamiyala yaying'ono komanso chitetezo chamitundu ingapo malinga ndi IEC (komiti yapadziko lonse yamagetsi), chitetezo cha b-mulingo chimakhala cha gawo loyamba loteteza mphezi, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku kabati yayikulu yogawa nyumbayo; Kalasi C ndi ya chipangizo chachiwiri choteteza mphezi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kabati yogawa nyumbayo; Maphunziro D ndi gulu lachitatu lakumenya mphezi, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa zida zofunikira kuti zitetezedwe bwino.

Mwachidule / Zida zoteteza Mphezi

M'badwo wazidziwitso masiku ano, makompyuta ndi zida zolumikizirana ndizopitilira muyeso, malo ogwirira ntchito akukhala ovuta, ndipo mabingu ndi mphezi komanso kuphulika kwapompopompo kwa zida zazikulu zamagetsi kumachulukirachulukira ndi magetsi, tinyanga, wailesi yotumiza ndi kulandira mizere yazida zamagetsi zamkati ndi zida zama netiweki, zida kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kuwonongeka, kusamutsa kapena kusunga zidziwitso zakusokonekera kapena zotayika, kapenanso kupanga zida zamagetsi kutulutsa kusalumikizana kapena kupuma, kufooka kwakanthawi, kufalitsa kwadongosolo kusokoneza, LAN ndi wan. Kuwonongeka kwake ndikowopsa, kutayika kosawonekera sikungowonongeka kwachuma kwokha. Zipangizo zoteteza mphezi kudzera mu magetsi amakono ndi ukadaulo wina kuti zida ziwonongeke ndi mphezi.

Kusintha / Kuteteza mphezi

Anthu akadziwa kuti bingu ndi chochitika chamagetsi, kupembedza kwawo ndikuopa mabingu kumazimiririka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amayamba kuwona zodabwitsa zachilengedwe izi kuchokera pamawonekedwe asayansi, ndikuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuwongolera mphenzi kuti zithandizire anthu. Franklin adatsogolera ukadaulo zaka zopitilira 200 zapitazo adayambitsa zovuta kubingu, adapanga ndodo ya mphezi ikuyenera kukhala yoyamba yazoteteza mphezi, pomwe Franklin adapanga ndodo ya mphezi ndiye kuti nsonga ya Zitsulo zazitsulo zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa bingu, kumachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pakati pamtambo ndi dziko lapansi mpaka kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, kupewa kupezeka kwa mphezi, motero ndodo ya mphezi iyenera kutsogozedwa. Koma kafukufuku wina pambuyo pake adawonetsa kuti ndodo ya mphezi siyingapewe kupezeka kwa mphezi, ndodo ya mphezi, imatha kuletsa mphezi chifukwa chasinthasintha magetsi am'mlengalenga, imapanga mabingu ambiri nthawi zonse kumayatsa mphezi, kutanthauza, ndodo ya mphezi ndiyosavuta kuposa zinthu zina zoyandikira poyankha kung'anima kwa mphezi, chitetezo cha ndodo yamphezi chomenyedwa ndi mphezi ndi zinthu zina, ndiye njira yoteteza mphezi ya ndodo ya mphezi. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kukhudza kwa mphezi kwa ndodo ya mphezi kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwake, koma osagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndodo ya mphezi sikutanthauza. Tsopano pankhani yaukadaulo woteteza mphezi, chida choteteza mphezi chotere chimatchedwa cholandila mphezi.

Zida zachitetezo / Mphezi

Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ponseponse kwalimbikitsa kupanga zida zoteteza mphezi. Makina opititsa patsogolo magetsi akamapereka mphamvu kuunikira kwa mabanja zikwizikwi, mphenzi zimawonetsanso zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida zosinthira. Mzere wamagetsi wamagetsi wamangidwa kwambiri, mtunda ndi wautali, malowa ndi ovuta, ndipo ndikosavuta kugundidwa ndi mphenzi. Kukula kwa ndodo ya mphezi sikokwanira kuteteza ma kilomita zikwizikwi a mizere yotumiza. Chifukwa chake, chingwe choteteza mphezi chatulukira ngati mtundu watsopano wolandila mphezi poteteza mizere yamagetsi. Mzere wamagetsi ukatetezedwa, zida zamagetsi ndi magawidwe zolumikizidwa kumtunda wamagetsi zimawonongeka ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Zimapezeka kuti izi ndi chifukwa cha "mphezi yolowetsa". (Mphezi imapangitsa kuti mphezi iziyenda mosanyinyirika pafupi ndi makondakitala achitsulo omwe ali pafupi. Mphezi imatha kuwongolera wochititsa kudzera munjira ziwiri zosiyana. Choyamba, kulowetsa kwamagetsi: pamene chiwongolero chikugunda, wowongolera pafupi adzakopanso Pamalo ena , mphenzi zikawomba, chiphokoso cha bingu chimatulutsidwa mwachangu, ndipo magetsi osunthika omwe amakhala ndi kondakitala womangidwa ndi magetsi amagetsi nawonso amayenda limodzi ndi kondakitala kuti apeze njira yotulutsira, yomwe ipange magetsi Chachiwiri ndikulowetsa pamagetsi: bingu litatuluka, mphezi yomwe ikusintha mwachangu imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yayitali mozungulira iyo, yomwe imapanga mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi kwa wochititsa pafupi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchuluka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwamagetsi ndi kangapo nthawi zazikulu kuposa kuchuluka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwamagetsi . Mkokomo umapangitsa kukwera pamphamvu yamagetsi ndikufalikira pamtambo mpaka kumutu ndi zida zogawa zamagetsi zolumikizidwa nazo. Mphamvu yamagetsi yolimbana ndi zida izi ikakhala yochepa, imawonongeka ndi mphezi. Kuti athetse kufalikira kwa waya, anthu A line arrester adapangidwa.

Omanga koyambirira anali mipata yakutseguka. Mpweya wamagetsi wamagetsi ndiwokwera kwambiri, pafupifupi 500kV / m, ndipo ukawonongeka ndimphamvu yamagetsi, imakhala ndi ma volts ochepa ochepa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amlengalenga, kumangidwa koyambirira kumapangidwa. Mbali imodzi ya waya umodzi idalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chamagetsi, mbali ina ya waya wina idakhazikika, ndipo mbali inayo ya waya ziwirizi zidasiyanitsidwa ndi mtunda wina kuti apange mipata iwiri ya mpweya. Maelekitirodi ndi mtunda wautali zimatsimikizira kuwonongeka kwa omwe akumanga. Kutha kwamagetsi kuyenera kukhala kocheperako kuposa magetsi ogwira ntchito pamzere wamagetsi. Dera likamagwira ntchito bwino, kusiyana kwa mpweya ndikofanana ndi dera lotseguka ndipo sikungakhudze magwiridwe antchito a mzerewo. Mphamvu ya voliyumu ikasokonezedwa, mpweya umasweka, mpweya wochulukirapo umakanikizika mpaka kutsika kwambiri, ndipo chowombelera chimatsitsidwanso pansi kudzera kupyola mpweya, potero kuzindikira chitetezo cha womanga mphezi. Pali zolakwitsa zambiri pompano lotseguka. Mwachitsanzo, magetsi owonongeka amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe; Kutulutsa kwamlengalenga kumakulitsa ma elekitirodi; Arc itapangidwa, zimatenga ma AC angapo kuzimitsa arc, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa mphezi kapena kulephera kwa mzere. Machubu otulutsira gasi, zotsekera ma chubu, ndi maginito omenyera maginito opangidwa mtsogolomu agonjetsa mavuto awa, komabe amatengera mfundo yotulutsa gasi. The kuipa chibadidwe cha mpweya kumaliseche arresters ndi mkulu amadza kuwonongeka voteji; kuchedwa kwakanthawi kochepa (microsecond level); Mpweya wotsalira wotsalira (dV / dt ndi waukulu). Zofooka izi zimatsimikizira kuti omanga omwe amatulutsa gasi sagonjetsedwa ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.

Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa semiconductor kumatipatsa zida zatsopano zoteteza mphezi, monga ma diode a Zener. Makhalidwe ake a volt-ampere ndi ogwirizana ndi zotetezera mphezi pamzerewu, koma kuthekera kwake kupititsa mphezi ndikofowoka kotero kuti ma machubu owongolera wamba sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji. Kumanga mphezi. Semiconductor woyambirira Womanga ndi chomangira valavu chopangidwa ndi zinthu za silicon carbide, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chubu la Zener, koma zimatha kupititsa mphezi pano. Komabe, metal oxide semiconductor varistor (MOV) yapezeka mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake a volt-ampere ndiabwino, ndipo ili ndi maubwino ambiri monga nthawi yoyankha mwachangu komanso mphamvu yayikulu pakalipano. Chifukwa chake, omanga ma MOV akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano.

Ndikukula kwa kulumikizana, ambiri omwe amamanga mphezi pamizere yolumikizirana apangidwa. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana, omangidwa oterewa ayenera kulingalira zomwe zimakhudza magawo opatsirana monga capacitance ndi inductance. Komabe, mfundo yake yoteteza mphezi ndiyofanana ndi MOV.

Mtundu / zida zotetezera Mphezi

Zipangizo zoteteza mphezi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu: zida zotetezera magetsi, zotchingira magetsi, ndi zoteteza mzere wa ma antenna, omanga ziphaliwali, zida zoyeserera mphezi, zida zoteteza mphezi poyesa ndi kuwongolera, ndi oteteza pansi.

Wogwirizira mphezi wagawika m'magulu atatu: B, C, ndi D. Malinga ndi IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) muyezo wachipembedzo chazitetezo zamphezi ndi chitetezo chamitundu ingapo, Chitetezo cha mphezi cha Class B ndi cha oyamba- chipangizo choteteza mphezi ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku kabati yayikulu yogawa magetsi mnyumbayi; Chida chamagetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku kabati yogawa nthambi yanyumbayi; D-class ndi chipangizo chachitatu choteteza mphezi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa zida zofunikira kuti ziteteze bwino.

Chizindikiro cholumikizira mphezi chimagawika m'magawo a B, C ndi F malinga ndi zofunikira za IEC 61644. Mulingo wachitetezo choyambira (mulingo wachitetezo), C mulingo (Chitetezo chophatikizira) mulingo wachitetezo chonse, Kalasi F (Yapakatikati & yabwino chitetezo) sing'anga & mulingo woyenera wa chitetezo.

Kuyeza & Kuwongolera zida / zida zoteteza Mphezi

Kuyeza ndi zida zoyang'anira zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga makina opangira, kasamalidwe ka nyumba, makina otenthetsera, chida chochenjeza, ndi zina. Zowonjezera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphezi kapena zina sizimangowononga makina owongolera, komanso zimawononga otembenuza okwera mtengo ndi masensa. Kulephera kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa malonda ndi zovuta pazopanga. Kuyeza ndi mayunitsi olamulira nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuposa machitidwe amagetsi kuti achuluke. Mukamasankha ndikukhazikitsa chiphaliwali muyeso ndi kayendedwe kake, zinthu izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

1, pazipita voteji opaleshoni dongosolo

2, pazipita ntchito panopa

3, pafupipafupi deta kufala pafupipafupi

4, ngati kuloleza kukana kukulirakulira

5, Kaya waya watulutsidwa kunja kwa nyumbayo, komanso ngati nyumbayo ili ndi chida chakunja choteteza mphezi.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi / zida zoteteza Mphezi

Kusanthula kwa dipatimenti yakale ya positi ndi kulumikizana kumawonetsa kuti 80% ya ngozi zowomba mphezi pamalo olumikizirana zimayambitsidwa chifukwa cholowa kwa mphezi mumzere wamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, omwe amamangika pano omwe ali ndi ma voltage ochepa amakula mwachangu, pomwe omanga mphezi okhala ndi zida za MOV amakhala pamsika. Pali opanga ambiri a MOV akumanga, ndipo kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zawo kumawonetsedwa makamaka mu:

Mphamvu zoyenda

Kuthamanga kwake ndikowonekera kwamphamvu kwambiri kwamaphunziro (8 / 20μs) omwe akumangayo amatha kupirira. Dipatimenti ya Unduna wa Zofalitsa Nkhani "Malangizo aukadaulo Kuteteza Mphezi Kwamaukadaulo aukadaulo waukadaulo" imafotokoza kuchuluka kwa woponya mphezi kuti apeze magetsi. Womanga woyamba ali wamkulu kuposa 20KA. Komabe, kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa omwe akumanga pamsika kukukulira kukulira. Womanga wamkulu wamakono samangowonongeka mosavuta ndi kuwomba kwa mphezi. Nthawi zomwe mphezi zing'onozing'ono zimaloledwa zimawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu yotsalira imachepetsanso pang'ono. Ukadaulo wofananira womwewo umalandiridwa. Womangayo amathandizanso kuteteza kuthekera. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa womangayo sikumachitika nthawi zonse ndi kuwomba kwa mphezi.

Pakadali pano akuti akuti 10/350 μs wave wave iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupezera womenyera mphezi. Cholinga chake ndikuti miyezo ya IEC1024 ndi IEC1312 imagwiritsa ntchito funde la 10/350 μs pofotokozera funde la mphezi. Mawuwa sakhala okwanira, chifukwa mafunde a 8 / 20μs pano akugwiritsidwabe ntchito pakuwerengera kofananira kwa akumangayo ku IEC1312, ndipo mawonekedwe a 8 / 20μs amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu IEC1643 "SPD" - Mfundo Yosankhira "Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira yayikulu kwambiri mawonekedwe opezera akumanga (SPD). Chifukwa chake, sizinganenedwe kuti kuyendetsa kwa akumanga ndi mafunde a 8/20 μs kwatha ntchito, ndipo sizinganenedwe kuti kuchuluka kwa wogwira ndi 8/20 μs sikugwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Tetezani dera

Kulephera kwa womanga wa MOV kumafupikitsa komanso kutseguka. Mphezi yamphamvu imatha kuwononga womangayo ndikupanga vuto lotseguka. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwe a module yomanga nthawi zambiri amawonongeka. Womangayo amathanso kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito chifukwa chakukalamba kwa zinthuzo kwa nthawi yayitali. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikamagwera pansi pamagetsi ogwira ntchito pamzere, womangayo amawonjezera kusintha kwina, ndipo womangayo amatulutsa kutentha, komwe kumawononga mawonekedwe osafanana ndi a MOV, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wogwirizayo afupike pang'ono. kutentha. Zomwezi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamagetsi ogwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mzere wamagetsi.

Vuto lotseguka la arrester silimakhudza magetsi. Ndikofunika kuwunika momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito kuti mudziwe, kotero womangidwa amayenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi.

Vuto lalifupi loti akumanga limakhudza magetsi. Kutentha kukakhala kwakukulu, waya udzawotchedwa. Dera la alamu liyenera kutetezedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chamagetsi. M'mbuyomu, lama fuyusi anali olumikizidwa pamndandanda wa module ya arrester, koma lama fuyusi amayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mphezi ndi zaposachedwa ziphulitsidwa. Ndizovuta kukhazikitsa mwaukadaulo. Makamaka, gawo lomanga anthu limakhala lofupikitsa. Zomwe zikuyenda pakadali pano sizochulukirapo, koma kupitilira komweko ndikokwanira kupangitsa kuti mphezi zigwiritsidwe ntchito potulutsa kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri. Chida chodulira kutentha chomwe chidawonekera pambuyo pake chinathetsa vutoli bwino. Kufupikira kwakanthawi kwa womangidwa kunapezeka pokhazikitsa kutentha kwa chidacho. Chida chotenthetsera chotsekeracho chikangodulidwa, ma alamu oyatsa, amagetsi komanso omvera amaperekedwa.

Mphamvu yotsalira

Unduna wa Zofalitsa Nkhani "Malamulo aukadaulo Kuteteza Mphezi Kwamaukadaulo Amagetsi Mphamvu" (YD5078-98) yapanga zofunikira pazotsalira zamagetsi am'mlengalenga m'magulu onse. Tiyenera kunena kuti zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira zimatheka mosavuta. Ma voliyumu otsalira a MOV arrester ndimphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito ndi nthawi 2.5-3.5. Kusiyana kwakutsalira kwamagetsi kwa omanga-gawo limodzi osakhala akulu sikokwanira. Njira yochepetsera mphamvu yotsalira ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yomwe ikupezeka ya womangayo, koma magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa wogwira komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi magetsi osakhazikika kudzawonjezeka. Zinthu zina zakunja zidalowa mumsika waku China koyambirira, magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito anali otsika kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake adawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito.

Mphamvu yotsalira imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi womanga magawo awiri.

Mphezi ikadzafika, womanga 1 amatulutsa, ndipo zotsalira zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi V1; zomwe zikuyenda kudzera mwa akumanga 1 ndi I1;

Mphamvu zotsalira za akumanga 2 ndi V2, ndipo ikuyenda tsopano ndi I2. Izi ndi: V2 = V1-I2Z

Zikuwonekeratu kuti mphamvu yotsalira ya arrester 2 ndiyotsika kuposa yotsalira yamagetsi ya 1.

Pali opanga omwe amapereka mafunde awiri amphezi kuti ateteze gawo limodzi lamagetsi, chifukwa mphamvu yamagawo amodzi yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa 5KW, mzere wapano suli waukulu, ndipo kutulutsa kwa impedance ndikosavuta kuwuluka. Palinso opanga omwe amapereka magawo atatu omangidwa. Chifukwa mphamvu yamagawo atatu yamagawo atha kukhala yayikulu, womangayo ndi wamkulu komanso wokwera mtengo.

Muyeso, pamafunika kukhazikitsa chomenyera mphezi magawo angapo pamzere wamagetsi. M'malo mwake, mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu yotsalira imatha kupezeka, koma kudziyimira pawokha kwa waya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa kuti pakhale njira yodzipatula pakati pa omwe amamangirira m'magulu onse.

Mpweya wotsalira wa womangayo ndi chisonyezero chaukadaulo chomumanga. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipangizazi kumatithandizanso pamagetsi otsalira. Mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi otsogolera awiri amagetsi omata olumikizidwa ndi chingwe cha waya ndipo waya wapansi amawonjezeredwa. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa kolondola kumachitika. Omanga mphezi ndi njira yofunikira yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa zida.

Zina / zida zoteteza Mphezi

Wogwirayo amathanso kuperekanso zida zowerengera mphezi, malo owunikira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira malingana ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.

Wothandizira kulumikizana

Zofunikira za omwe akumanga mphezi pamizere yolumikizirana ndizokwera, chifukwa kuwonjezera pokwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo woteteza mphezi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zizindikiritso zotumizira zikwaniritsa zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zolumikizidwa pamzere wolumikizirana ndizotsika kwambiri, ndipo magetsi otsalira a chida choteteza mphezi ndi okhwima. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kusankha chida choteteza mphezi. Chida choyenera cholumikizira mphezi chiyenera kukhala ndi ma capacitance ang'onoang'ono, zotsalira zazing'ono zamagetsi, kuthamanga kwakukulu pakadali pano ndikuyankha mwachangu. Zachidziwikire, zida zomwe zili patebulo sizabwino. Chitoliro chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pamafupipafupi oyankhulana, koma kutetezedwa kwake kwa mphezi ndi kofooka. MOV ma capacitors ndi akulu ndipo amangoyenera kutumiza kwa ma audio. Kutha kwa TVS kupirira mphezi ndikofoka. Zoteteza. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoteteza mphezi zimakhala ndi mitundu yotsalira yamagetsi yamagetsi pokhudzidwa ndi mafunde apano. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wotsalira wamagetsi, womangayo akhoza kugawidwa kukhala mtundu wama switch ndi malire amagetsi, kapena mitundu iwiriyo ingaphatikizidwe kuti ipange mphamvu ndikupewa lalifupi.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri kuti apange womanga magawo awiri. Chithunzithunzi chimafanana ndi magawo awiri amagetsi. Gawo loyamba lokha ndi lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito chubu chotulutsira, chophatikizira chodzipatula chapakatikati chimagwiritsa ntchito resistor kapena PTC, ndipo gawo lachiwiri limagwiritsa ntchito TVS, kuti kutalika kwa chida chilichonse kuzitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumanga mphezi kotereku kumatha kukhala mpaka makumi angapo a MHZ.

Omwe amakhala pafupipafupi kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito machubu, monga ma feeder am'manja ndi ma feed a antenna, apo ayi ndizovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Palinso zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yopambana. Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhazikika pakati pa ma kilohertz angapo ndi ma kilohertz mazana angapo, kuchuluka kwa tinyanga kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, ndipo fyuluta ndiyosavuta kupanga.

Dera losavuta kwambiri ndikulumikiza kachingwe kakang'ono kofananira ndi waya wamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri kuti apange fyuluta yokwera kwambiri. Pazithunzithunzi zolumikizirana pafupipafupi, zingwe zazifupi zazifupi zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupangira fyuluta yopititsa bandi, ndipo zoteteza mphezi ndizabwinoko, koma njira ziwirizi zizizungulira DC yomwe imafalikira pa chingwe chodyera cha antenna , ndipo mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi ochepa.

Chipangizo choyambitsa

Kukhazikitsa maziko a chitetezo cha mphezi. Njira yokhazikitsira pansi yomwe yatchulidwa ndi muyezo ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mizati yopingasa kapena yopingasa yokhala ndi mbiri yazitsulo. M'madera okhala ndi dzimbiri lamphamvu, kukulitsa ndi gawo lazithunzi zazitsulo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi dzimbiri. Zipangizo zosapanga zachitsulo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kondakitala amakhala ngati mzati wapansi, monga ma graphite ground electrode ndi Portland simenti electrode ground. Njira yololera ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulimbitsa kwamapangidwe amakono ngati mzati wapansi. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mphezi m'mbuyomu, kufunikira kochepetsa kukana kuyika kumatsindika. Opanga ena adayambitsa zinthu zingapo zapa nthaka, nati zimachepetsa kulimba kwa nthaka. Zomwe zimachepetsa kuchepetsa, ma elekitirodi opangira ma polima, ma elekitirodi osakhala achitsulo ndi zina zotero.

M'malo mwake, poteteza mphezi, kumvetsetsa kwazitsulo zosintha kwasintha, zofunikira pakapangidwe kazitsulo ndizokwera, ndipo zofunikira zakutsutsa zimamasulidwa. Mu GB50057-94, mitundu yokhayo yolumikizira maofesi osiyanasiyana ndiyomwe imatsimikizidwa. Palibe chofunikira pakukaniza, chifukwa pamalingaliro oteteza mphezi amawu a equipotential, ma netiweki ndi malo owerengera okha, osati malo othekera konse. Mawonekedwe a gridi yapansi amafunikira zosowa za equipotential, ndipo kukana kwake sikumveka. Inde, palibe cholakwika ndi kupeza otsutsa otsutsa pamene mikhalidwe ikuloleza. Kuphatikiza apo, magetsi ndi kulumikizana ndizofunikira pakutsutsana, zomwe sizingachitike ndiukadaulo woteteza mphezi.

Kulimbikira kwa nthaka kumakhala kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kulimba kwa nthaka komanso kulumikizana kwapakati pa nthaka ndi nthaka. Zimakhudzanso mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka popanga nthaka. Chopewera cholimbana ndi maelekitirodi angapo okonza nthaka sichinthu chilichonse chosinthira kukhudzana kapena kulumikizana pakati pa nthaka ndi nthaka. dera. Komabe, kuyambiranso kwa nthaka kumachita gawo lalikulu, ndipo enawo ndi osavuta kusintha. Ngati kugwiritsika ntchito kwa nthaka ndikokulira, njira yokhayo yosinthira nthaka kapena kukonza nthaka ndiyoyenera, ndipo njira zina ndizovuta kuzigwira.

Kuteteza mphezi ndi nkhani yakale, komabe ikusintha. Tiyenera kunena kuti palibe chinthu choyesera. Pali zinthu zambiri zofunika kuzifufuza muukadaulo woteteza mphezi. Pakadali pano, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi amphezi sakudziwikabe. Kafukufuku wochulukirapo pakupanga mphezi ndiofowoka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zoteteza mphezi zikukulirakulira. Zina mwazinthu zatsopano zomwe zimanenedwa ndi zotchingira mphezi, Ziyenera kuyesedwa pochita ndi malingaliro asayansi ndikupanga lingaliro. Popeza mphezi yokha ndi chochitika chochepa, pamafunika kuwunika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zimafunikira mgwirizano wa magulu onse kuti akwaniritse.