Mitundu yambiri yamagetsi yoteteza MSPD

2 PfG 2634 - Kuyesa kowonjezera kwa ma Multi-pulses Surge zotetezera zolumikizidwa ndi makina amagetsi otsika -Zofunikira ndi njira zoyeserera

kuchuluka

Uku ndi kuyesa kowonjezera kokha kwa IEC 61643-11: 2011. Kuyesaku kowonjezeraku kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zodzitchinjiriza kutetezedwa ku mphepo kapena mphezi zina zakanthawi kochepa. Zipangizazi zimaphatikizidwa kuti zizilumikizidwa ndi ma 50/60 Hz ac magetsi, ndi zida zoyesedwa mpaka 1 000 V rms

Makhalidwe a magwiridwe antchito, njira zoyeserera ndi kuwerengera zimakhazikitsidwa. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi lopanda mzere ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mafunde ndikusintha mafunde oyenda.

Zolemba zachilendo

IEC 61643-11: 2011, Low-voltage voltage surge device - Gawo 11: zida zotetezera zolumikizidwa ndi zida zamagetsi otsika-mphamvu ndi njira yoyeserera

3. Malingaliro, matanthauzidwe, ndi chidule

3.1.101 (MSPD) Zipangizo zambiri zotetezera

SPD yomwe imatha kukwapulidwa kawiri kawiri ndikumayesedwa ndi mafunde angapo ophatikizika

Chidziwitso: ngati wopanga alengeza kuti SPD imatha kupirira zikwapu zingapo, MSPD iyenera kupereka zofunikira pakuyesa kwa (MCW) mafunde angapo ophatikizika.

3.1.102 (MCW) mitundu ingapo yamafunde osakanikirana

Kuthamangitsa mawonekedwe aposachedwa ophatikizidwa ndimitundumitundu tambiri malinga ndi matalikidwe ena ndi nthawi yayitali

Chofunika cha mayeso a 8.3.101 a (MCW) mafunde angapo ophatikizika

Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa MSPD omwe amangogwirizana ndi L-PE / N mu TN, TT ndi IT system.

Pachiyeso ichi, zitsanzo zatsopano zitatu zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo zofunikira pakuyesa uku zikuimira IEC 61643-11: 2011 Gawo 8

8.3.101.1 test parameter of (MCW) Multi-pulses kuphatikiza funde

Chidziwitso: tebulo lomwe lili pamwambali limangokhala gawo lalikulu la MCW mpaka momwe angatchulire, wopanga amatha kulengeza zomwe ali ndi MCW ya MSPD mu mawonekedwe monga momwe ziganizo za 8.3.101.3 zikuwonetsera. Nthawi yolumikizirana iyenera kutsatana ndi tebulo lomwe lili pamwambapa likuwonetsa kuti nthawi yayitali kuyambira woyamba mpaka wachiwiri womaliza ndi 60 ms, ndipo nthawi yapakati pazokambirana ziwiri zapitazi ndi 400 ms.

8.3.101.2 Mawonekedwe amtundu wa jenereta wapano wamagetsi wambiri

8.3.101.3 Kuzindikiritsa kwa mitundu ingapo yamagulu osakanikirana

Mwachitsanzo MS-8 / 20μs-10p / 20kA
MS - Mitundu yambiri
8 / 20μs - chikoka chamakono
10p - 10 nyemba
20kA - Zomwe zimayambira pachimake mpaka chachiwiri

Chithunzi cha 8.3.101.4 yoyesa dera

U okha_ref= 255 V, pakadali pano mayendedwe afupipafupi a magetsi awa opitilira 100 A amafunikira poyesa. Makina ena ogawa magetsi akuganizira. Ngati opanga alengeza Zowonjezera zakunja, ma discutors akunja azigwiritsa ntchito kuti agwirizane poyesa, koma kulumikizidwa kwakunja sikuyenera kuchitika.

8.3.101.5 Kupereka Njira

TUV Rheinland idatulutsa njira zatsopano 2 PfG 2634.08.17 - Kuyesa kowonjezerapo kwa zida zingapo zotetezera Zolumikizidwa ndi makina amagetsi otsika - Zofunikira ndi njira zoyeserera

Muyeso pamiyeso yoyeserera yapadziko lonse lapansi imakulitsa kuyesa kwamiyeso ingapo, ukadaulo woyeserera pafupi ndi gawo logawira kufalikira kwa kufalikira kwa SPD pakufanizira kwachilengedwe, komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi mphezi zachilengedwe zakuthupi kumvetsetsa mabingu ndi mphezi, mphezi chitetezo chimapereka nsanja yatsopano yofufuzira kwapamwamba, ndizopindulitsa pakukula komwe kukuloledwa kuti kuzolowere ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'munda wazoteteza mphezi, kuti ikonzenso kuyendetsa mazana mamiliyoni a SPD paukadaulo wapaintaneti, imalimbikitsanso R & D yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukweza ukadaulo wazopanga.

Msonkhanowu udayitanitsa akatswiri ambiri pantchito ya SPD, limodzi kuyang'anira ntchito zokhudzana ndi SPD, ukadaulo, mtundu, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ogwira ntchito kuti asokoneze miyezo yatsopano ya SPD, kuti athandizire mabizinesi kupititsa patsogolo luso lakufufuza ndi chitukuko, lopangidwa kuti likwaniritse Zofunikira pazogulitsa zabwino, thandizani wopanga wamkulu aliyense kuti alowe mumsika wapadziko lonse, kulimbikitsa chithunzi cha bizinesi.

Mulingo woyeserera wa SPD kuchokera pakulinga kumodzi kupita kuzinthu zingapo

Ndi chitukuko chopitilira ukadaulo wamagetsi, mitundu yonse yazinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, mayendedwe, mphamvu zamagetsi, kulumikizana, makampani azinthu zamagulu ndi zina, komanso ndi magetsi otsika pamagetsi osiyanasiyana pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi pang'onopang'ono, ambiri otsika mtengo kuthamanga, tilinazo mkulu, kaphatikizidwe mkulu wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagetsi kuti ntchito. Komabe, kuwomba kwa mphezi kapena kuphulika kwa magetsi, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mavuto kuzida zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, popewa kuphulika kwa mphezi komanso kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi ndikusintha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa makina azida, mitundu yonse yazogulitsa za SPD yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Komabe, chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yaumunthu ya bingu ilibe kumvetsetsa kokwanira komanso kotsimikizika, mphezi imayambitsa mitundu yambiri yazikhulupiriro kutengera zofunikira zina ndi malingaliro, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chazambiri, zoteteza mphezi, makamaka kutengera kumvetsetsa ya mphezi imodzi yokha. Kupanga kwapadziko lonse kwa SPD m'mbuyomu kumayeneranso ndi kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wamagetsi wa IEC 61643 wofufuza ndikupanga ndi kupanga magwiridwe antchito, ndipo mwamagetsi ma labotale ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito 10 / 350μs kapena 8 / 20μs kuyesa kwa kugunda kwamphamvu kamodzi .

M'malo mwake, m'zaka zaposachedwa zotsatira zowunika za bingu ndi mphezi ndi mabingu ndi mchitidwe woteteza mphezi zikuwonetsa kuti mphezi yokhala ndi magetsi amodzi opangira ma labotale njira za SPD, komanso zowona zenizeni za mphezi panthawi yamagetsi angapo, kuyang'anitsitsa kamodzi kwa SPD mu kulolerana kwenikweni mukamenyedwa ndi mphezi, komanso kufunika kwake, kumapangitsanso kuti kutentha kwamphamvu kwa SPD kuyake, kuyambitsa ngozi yamoto. Chifukwa chake, titha kulimbana ndi kugunda kwamphamvu kwa SPD kukhala zosowa mwachangu pantchito yoteteza mphezi kunyumba ndi kunja, imaperekanso mwayi kwa opanga mwayi wopanga chitukuko.

Koma chifukwa cha opanga ma SPD akusintha kusamvetsetsa kwamiyeso yoyenera, pali zoperewera potengera kapangidwe kazogulitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa mabizinesi opanga SPD kukhala ovuta kukwaniritsa zomwe zikuchitika pakupanga ndi kupanga, akuvutika pakusaka msika wapadziko lonse.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kukana kugunda kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zambiri za SPD, TUV Rheinland olowa nawo m'banja olamulira a mabungwe oyesera a SPD - "Beijing Leishan Testing Center", kuphatikiza ndi zomwe mabizinesi akunyumba akuyesa, komanso kuyesa kwa SPD kangapo miyezo ndi mayankho, kuti mabizinesi omwe akukhudzana nawo apereke mayankho mwachangu komanso omveka bwino, athandizireni mabizinesi a SPD kumsika wapadziko lonse.

Chitsimikizo cha SPD TUV Rheinland chadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi, akatswiri odziwa zambiri kuti apereke chitetezo ndi chitsimikizo cha malonda ake, ndikuthandizira makasitomala kuti adziwe ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri pamalonda. Kuphatikiza apo, TUV Rheinland ili ndi makasitomala onse, itha kuthandiza opanga SPD kukulitsa njira zamakasitomala.

Zoyeserera zingapo zoteteza (MSPD) komanso momwe zinthu ziliri pano pamayeso

Mu Novembala 2017, Germany TUV Rheinland Group idatulutsa "connect to low-voltage power system of multiple pulse surge protection device test test additional - zofunika kuchita ndi njira zoyesera (IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634), ndi" Beijing Leishan Testing Center ”TUV Rheinland SPD yogulitsa labu kutsegulira.

2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 yokhazikika pamiyeso yoyeserera yapadziko lonse lapansi imakulitsa kuyesa kwakanthawi kambiri, ukadaulo woyeserera uli pafupi kwambiri ndi gawo lofalitsa mzere wa chilengedwe cha SPD chokhudzidwa ndi mphezi zachilengedwe, kukumana ndi bingu, mphezi chitetezo chimapereka chitsogozo chazofufuza pamlingo wapamwamba, ndizopindulitsa pakukula komwe kukuloledwa kuti kuzolowere momwe angagwiritsire ntchito pazinthu zodzitchinjiriza ndi mphezi, kuti ikonzenso kuyendetsedwa kwa mazana mamiliyoni a SPD paukadaulo wapaintaneti, kulimbikitsa SPD yapadziko lonse R & D ndi luso kupanga kukulitsa.

Kutalika 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 standard idatulutsa chikondwerero chachiwiri, director of Sun Yong wa "Beijing Leishan Testing Center" ndi The engineer Yang Yongming waku Germany Rhine TUV, adawunikiranso pamodzi 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 njira yoyeserera yoyeserera, ndikuyambitsa momwe zinthu ziliri pakali pano.

Sun Yong: njira zingapo zolembera zingapo

Mu 2016 Beijing Leishan kampani anakhazikitsa mphezi angapo zimachitika zasayansi mkulu voteji. Akukonda mtetezi ndi kugunda kosiyanasiyana kwa China kopanga patent holder surge protector (MSPD) ndi ma pulse test standard (draft) draftsman, katswiri wodziwika bwino woteteza mphezi Yang Shaojie, "Beijing Leishan Testing Center" idapambana chitetezo choteteza MSPD kulemba zambiri muyezo woyesera (zolemba) zaumwini. Kuti izi zitheke, gulu lowunikira mphezi ku Beijing la MSPD ndi gulu limodzi lokha loteteza (SPD) kuti lipitilize maphunziro. Pambuyo poyesedwa kangapo, kuphatikiza T1, T2 ndi T3 MSPD ndi SPD ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a MOV surge protector, GDT, open, micro fracture ndi SCB, monga zingwe zotumizira, malo am'mlengalenga ndi zina, anapeza deta yambiri yoyesa, kuti alembe mayeso angapo oteteza MSPD oyeserera amapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chothandizira.

Surge protector MSPD multiple pulse test standard of writing, ponena za msonkhano wapadziko lonse wonena zamagetsi (CIGRE) wofalitsidwa mu 2013, lipoti laukadaulo logwiritsa ntchito magawo amagetsi (Chingerezi), nkhaniyi ndi yamsonkhano waukulu wapadziko lonse wa gridi wofalitsidwa kwambiri kuposa zaka 30 zapitazo, magawo a mphezi (Berger, k. Anderson RB ndi Kroninger h. 1975. Electra No. 41, pp. 23-37) yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 1980 ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi (Anderson RB ndi Eriksson AJ 1980. Electra No. 69, pp. 65-102.) Kukonzanso. Papepalali adanenanso mwachidule kuti: "zopitilira 80% zimakhala zoyipa kuphatikizira awiri kapena kupitilira awiri kubwerera. Chiwerengerochi ndichokwera kwambiri kuposa Andersonand Eriksson (1980) wakale, chomwe chimazikidwa pazolemba zosayerekezereka za 55%. Nthawi iliyonse yoyankha pafupifupi 3-5, pafupifupi 60 ms interval geometric average. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mpaka theka la kung'anima, m'makilomita ochepa kupatula malo awiri kapena kupitilira awiri. Koma kung'anima kulikonse komwe kuli mbiri yokhayokha, kuchuluka kwa mphezi komwe kumayesedwa kukonzanso mtengo kuli pafupifupi 1.5 mpaka 1.7, yokwera kwambiri kuposa Anderson ndi Eriksson 1.1 (1980) omwe anali ataganizira kale. Kuyankha koyamba nthawi yayitali kwambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa pambuyo pobwerera kawiri kawiri mpaka katatu. Komabe, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kung'anima kumakhala ndi chimodzi pambuyo pokhala ndi gawo lalikulu lamagetsi pambuyo pobwerera. Mwachidziwitso, chiwerengerochi chikuyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa nthawi yoyamba. Ndi wamkulu kuposa woyamba kugunda kubwerera atabwerera ku mizere yamagetsi ndi machitidwe ena omwe akuwopsezanso ".

Pa Ogasiti 12, 2008, Guangzhou yoyesa poyesa mphenzi poyatsa mphezi ili ndi kasanu ndi katatu, Chinese Academy of Sciences m'mlengalenga Qie xiushu gulu limafotokozera mwachidule zoyeserera zoyatsira mphezi m'chigawo cha Shandong kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2010 yonse, Kutulutsa kwa mphezi kwa 22, 95% yakugunda, nthawi 17 yotulutsa nthawi yopitilira 400 ms (millisecond), kugunda kokwanira nambala 11. Kugwiritsa ntchito magwiritsidwe amagetsi pamagetsi azomwe zimatulutsa mphezi amafotokozeranso kuchuluka kwake, kumatsimikiziranso kuti kuphatikiza kwamitima ingapo Makhalidwe ali ponseponse: kuphatikiza kwa mafunde angapo ophatikizika kumakhala ndi ziwiriziwiri, momwe zimayendera nthawi yayitali ndi 60 ms, pamapeto pake zimachitika poyenda musanafike 400 ms. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, SPD yotchuka, yomwe idayesa kutulutsa kwapadera kwa 20 kA, poyesa kuphulika kwa moto kwamphamvu kwa 1.64 kA (8 nyemba) Kuyesera uku, sikuti kumangowona kukokoloka kwa mphezi kangapo, komanso kukuwonetsa kuti kafukufukuyu akhoza kukhala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi angapo amagetsi otulutsa mphezi ofunikira kwa MSPD ndikufulumira.

Kuphatikiza kwapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kwapakhomo pazomwe zimachitika pakuwunika kwa mphezi pakuwona ndi kuyesa kwa mayeso, komiti yolemba idatengera ma 8 / 20μs (kuphatikiza ma 10 S pulse monga mapikidwe ophatikizika a MSPD amakhudzanso mawonekedwe apano.

Malinga ndi magawo akuthupi a mphezi kumaliseche zimachitika kwambiri, angapo zimachitika yoweyula, zimachitika woyamba ndi womaliza wina zimachitika matalikidwe a phindu mwadzina, wapakatikati zimachitika matalikidwe kwa 1/2 phindu mwadzina; Kutentha koyamba pakati pa 9 mpaka 60 ms, pamapeto pake kupuma kokhala ndi 400 ms.

Zikamveka bwino, kutulutsa kwina, kugunda kamodzi popanda chida chodzitchinjiriza (SPD) kumathanso kukhalanso kupyola pamagetsi asanu ophatikizika. Malinga ndi muyezo woyeserera dziko, chitatha chida choteteza chitetezo ndi SPD mndandanda wamagetsi angapo, kapena simusowa m'malo amkuwa osaphatikizika oyeserera oyeserera, zoyambira sizingapereke mayeso. Zomwe zidathandizira kujambula kuti zilembe mayendedwe angapo a MSPD mwachangu pamayeso oyeserera, chifukwa ndi ntchito yokhayo yomwe ingalembedwe posachedwa, kudzera paupangiri woyenera, waukadaulo wofufuza ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi ogwira ntchito zachitukuko ndi mabizinesi opanga amapangira malangizo a MSPD, Zitha kulimbikitsa bwino kuteteza mphezi kwaukadaulo wazida zamagetsi ndikukula bwino kwa chitetezo cha mphezi komanso kuchepetsa ngozi.

Yang Yongming: mayeso angapo a MSPD oyeserera omwe adakhazikitsidwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi

2 PFG 2634 "kulumikizana ndi magetsi ochepa opangira zida zingapo zotetezera zowonjezera zowonjezera - zofunikira pakuchita ndi njira zoyeserera" zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi bungwe lanyumba ndi mayiko ena poyankha mwachangu mwachangu.

Sosaiti mu 2018, "anthu adatulutsa 2018 zakapangidwe kakang'ono koyamba (koyambirira) ka 2018" (mawu pagulu [50] ayi. XNUMX), yovomerezedwa ndi Nanjing Kuanyong Electronics Co, Ltd., polemba njira yayikulu yothana ndi mphezi ndi luso laukadaulo “.

Mu 2018, khalani ndi moyo kuti mumange projekiti, kapena komiti yoti alembe "zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotsika - zofunikira pakuchita ndi njira zoyeserera.

ILPS yomwe idachitikira ku Shenzhen mu 2018, msonkhano wachinayi wapadziko lonse wonena za chitetezo cha mphezi, wapampando wa International Electrotechnical Commission IEC SC4A Alain Rousseau adatchulapo izi, komanso pamtima pazolankhula PPT a IEC37-61643.11 / 2011 PFG 2 " Lumikizanani ndi magetsi ochepa opangira zida zingapo zotetezera zowonjezera zowonjezera - zofunikira pakuchita ndi njira zoyeserera zogwiritsira ntchito limodzi, koyamba ndi achi China kulemba malo anu ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse ya IEC.

Mu 2019, bungwe la China meteorological services lidavomereza pulojekiti yoyeserera mphezi ku Beijing kuti ilembe zoyeserera za mphezi zowunikira zambiri, ndiye maziko pakukula kwamiyeso yamaukadaulo angapo, mulingo womwe umafotokozedweratu pakapangidwe kazoyendera, zofunikira pamawonekedwe, zonse izi zimayikidwa pazaka 30 zakufufuza kwamakina achilengedwe apadziko lonse lapansi kafukufuku, ziwerengero zowerengera anthu zimapanga standardization ya labotale.

Mu Julayi 2019, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) idatulutsa IEC61400-24-2019 "kuteteza mphezi kwamphamvu zamagetsi" koyamba 8.5.5.12: kukana kwa mphezi ya SPD kumabweretsa zoopsa zina. Chifukwa cha mphezi zamagetsi zomwe zimayandikira kwambiri, ndipo SPD mu makina amphepo ndiyofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake imatha kupirira mphezi zingapo za SPD. (Zindikirani: zikwapu zingapo; Kutentha Kwambiri; Kutulutsa kambiri. Mitundu yambiri ingatanthauziridwe kugunda kambiri).

Solstice pa 30 Okutobala 2019 pa Okutobala 31, ndi Beijing poyesa zida zoyeserera zoteteza mphezi, kuteteza mphezi kwa komiti yophunzira yaku China yomanga nyumba idatsogolera gulu la mkonzi "zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azigawika pang'ono - zofunikira pakuchita ndi njira zoyesera Msonkhano wamagulu ogwira ntchito udzachitikira ku Beijing. Malinga ndi zomangamanga zaku China zomangamanga ku China mu 2019 mapulani okhazikika ", ofunikira a unit mu ntchito yopanga yomwe idamalizidwa kumapeto kwa Juni 2020.

Sun Yong: pafupifupi magawo angapo amtundu wamawonekedwe amakankhidwe owopsa

Ngakhale kuyesedwa kwa SPD kwapadziko lonse komanso kwapakhomo, mawonekedwe othandiza a 10 / 350μs of classification of SPD impulse test test for T1, to adapt to the 10 / 350μs shock of SPD most need to use the switch type device, flow-off type chosinthira ndi vuto lovuta, ndipo kukakamiza kochepetsa nthawi yankho ndi vuto linanso. Padziko lonse lapansi, magawo a 10 / 350μs mawonekedwe amagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa SPD akhala akutsutsana. Zambiri zomwe zimawonetsedwa zikuwonetsa kuti ma 10 / 350μs mawonekedwe amagetsi ndi mphezi zachilengedwe zimatulutsa mawonekedwe amitundu ingapo, 8 / 20μs kuposa 10 / 350μs waveform parameter s waveform magawo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe mphezi zimatulutsa mawonekedwe amagetsi, komanso kuyerekezera kwachilengedwe mphezi zimayendera mafunde mawonekedwe momwe angathere ndikufunafuna labotale. Ili ndiye bolodi yojambula yokhala ndi magawo a 8 / 20μs mawonekedwe amtundu wa MSPD momwe zimakhudzidwira pano, chimodzi mwazifukwa.

Malinga ndi muyezo woyeserera wa SPD wapadziko lonse komanso wapanyumba, onetsetsani ngati SPD itha kugawidwa ngati T1 parameter siyomwe ili yofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe kazomwe tikupanga pamawonekedwe apano, koma momwe zimakhudzira kuchuluka kwa Iimp; Mphamvu zamagetsi Q ndi W / R. Mulingo wadziko lonse GB50057-2010 potengera mapangidwe amapangidwe oteteza mphezi T1 ndi 12.5 KA yamtengo wa Q wa 6.25 AS; W / R mtengo wa 39 kj / Ω.

Kuti izi zitheke, ife labotale timagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a 8 / 20μs a 10 mu s pulse wave, kuthamanga komwe kumachepetsa kuyesera kwamayeso angapo a MSPD. 60 ka surge zamakono a Q mtengo wa 6.31 AS; W / R ndi 52.90 kj / Ω. Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti mitundu ingapo yamagetsi ya MSPD imagwiritsa ntchito chida chochepetsera kuthekera kwathunthu pamayeso a T1, kuthetsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira mitundu ndi mavuto awiri akulu. Ili ndiye bolodi yojambulira yokhala ndi magawo a 8 / 20μs mawonekedwe amtundu wa MSPD womwe umakopa mafunde apano, chifukwa china.

Yang Yongming: Ukadaulo wa MSPD wambiri waku China udadzetsa nkhawa kwa omwe akupikisana nawo padziko lonse lapansi

China zingapo zimayesa ukadaulo wapakatikati wa MSPD wopangidwa ndi kampani yoteteza ku Guangdong patatha zaka pafupifupi khumi ndikufufuza ndipo mayesero ambiri ali nawo, zaka zopitilira 2014 za T1, T2 ndi T3 pulse MSPD zidapeza patent yadziko. Padziko lonse lapansi, pali United States, Germany, Singapore, Bangladesh, France ndi mayiko ena akatswiri oteteza mphezi kuti awunikenso ndikukambirana., Wapampando wa IEC 2014 SC37A Alain Rousseau adatsogolera akatswiri awiri aku Germany kuti ateteze, pansi magwiridwe antchito a Kugunda kwamodzi kwa SPD ndikuyesa kuyesa kwa MSPD, pa Okutobala 13, 2014, gawo la 32 la msonkhano wa ICLP ku Shanghai, Purezidenti wa Alain adapanga mutu "wowonjezera kuyesa kwamphamvu" pazolankhula za SPD.

Sun Yong: Zogulitsa za MSPD pamsika

Pambuyo poyesedwa kwambiri, kupanga MSPD kwa zida zamagetsi zapadera kumakhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira mu 2019, pogwiritsa ntchito chishango chaukadaulo waukadaulo wa Guangdong wa MSPD wapa MSPD wazinthu zingapo zidadutsa pakati pa mphezi ku Beijing IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634 "kulumikizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi angapo - zofunikira pakuchita ndi njira zoyesera zodziwira, zibwera pamsika.

Palibe kukayika kuti muyeso yoyesa ya MSPD yoyeserera, motsogozedwa ndi MSPD ku China pang'onopang'ono idzalowetsa m'malo mwa SPD, kupereka ntchito zaluso zachitetezo cha mphezi ndikuchepetsa masoka, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha zomanga zachuma ku China ndi anthu moyo ndi chuma zimathandiza. Titha kunenedweratu kuti mdziko lathu, kasamalidwe ka kayendedwe ka mphezi, akatswiri oteteza mphezi ndi ofufuza, komanso kuyesa, kuyesa ndi ukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo, posachedwa, zida zaku China zoteteza (SPDs) chifukwa zikhala zatsopano, ndikupita kunja, ntchito zadziko.

Zipangizo zodzitchinjiriza (SPDs), kufunikira kwa kuyesa kwamiyeso ingapo ndi chizindikiritso cha TUV

Pakadali pano, ukadaulo waumunthu ukadalibe chidziwitso chokwanira kutetezedwa ndi mphezi komanso kuzindikira bwino, kwakukulu pamunda wazomwe mungaganizire, zazing'ono mpaka bokosi laling'ono, pali zofunika kutetezera mphezi, njira yoteteza mphezi ilinso ndi zambiri, monga wotsogolera mphezi, amagwiritsa ntchito jenereta yomweyi, ndipo pakadali pano ndi woteteza kwambiri (SPD), ndi mtundu wina wazida zamagetsi zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zingwe zolumikizirana zimapereka chitetezo chachitetezo chamagetsi. Chifukwa cha mphezi zowononga kwambiri, pompopompo pakhoza kufika ma amps mazana ambiri, nthawi zambiri kumavulaza zida zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kukonza chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zida zamagetsi, mitundu yonse yazoteteza (SPD) yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zomwe zikufunika zoteteza chitetezo cha TUV ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Mphezi imayambitsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana, mbali ina, kutengera zofunikira zina ndi malingaliro, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha njira yotetezera mphezi, kotero zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chitetezo choteteza (SPD), monga zoteteza mphezi ndizokhazikika Pamphezi umodzi wokha mukudziwa, IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) ipititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe oyeserera oteteza (SPD) amatchedwa 8 / 20μs ndi 10 / 350μs wave, ndi zina zambiri.

Mulingo woyeserera wa SPD kuchokera pakulinga kumodzi kupita kuzinthu zingapo

Pakadali pano, ma labotale amagetsi apadziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi IEC 61643-2011 a SPD omwe ali ndi mayeso amodzi, pomwe zovuta za mtundu umodzi wa wave sizikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a mphezi zachilengedwe (90% kutulutsa kwa mphezi kwachilengedwe kumakhala koyipa Malinga ndi kuyesedwa koyenera kwa zinthu zapaintaneti nthawi yothamanga idayamba kukhala ndi mavuto amoto, popeza magetsi, kulumikizana, chitetezo zidabweretsa zotayika zazikulu, ndi zina zotero. I standard ya SPD idathetsa magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana a zofunikira za bungwe la SPD komanso kukana kwamphamvu kamodzi, kukana kwakanthawi kochepa, kuloleza kwa TOV pakakhala mphezi komanso chitetezo cha mphezi. Kodi muyezo wa IEC wazikhalidwe zatsopano za IEC zosintha zomwe zayambika mu 2019, zomangamanga zonse poyerekeza ndi zikuluzikulu zomwe zikuchitika, zidzakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo ndi zofunikira za IEC 61643-1, mpaka 11 pazoyeserera ndi zofunikira za SPD, - 21 pakuyesa njira za SPD ndi zofunikira, - 31 ya njira zoyesera za Photovoltaic SPD ndi zofunika, - 41 pakuyesa njira za DC SPD ndi zofunika zake.

Kutulutsa mavuto obwereza mobwerezabwereza kwakhala vuto lofunika kwambiri pazofufuza zamphezi padziko lapansi. Kutengera izi, Germany Rheinland TUV idalemba 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 SPD tekinoloje zingapo zamagetsi. Muyeso pamiyeso yoyeserera yapadziko lonse lapansi kumawonjezera kuyesa kwamakanema angapo, ukadaulo woyeserera uli pafupi kwambiri ndi kuyerekezera kwa mphezi zachilengedwe, kukumana ndi bingu, mabingu achitetezo amapereka nsanja yatsopano ya kafukufuku wapamwamba, ndi Zothandiza pakukula komwe kukusonyezedwa kuti zizolowere ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'munda wazodzitchinjiriza ndi mphezi, kuti zithandizire pa intaneti kuyendetsa mazana mazana mamiliyoni a SPD thandizo laukadaulo, lilimbikitsanso SPD R&D yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukonzanso ukadaulo waukadaulo.

Chifukwa cha opanga a SPD akusintha kusamvetsetsa kwamiyeso yoyenera, pali zoperewera pazomwe amapanga, zomwe zimapangitsa mabizinesi opanga SPD kukhala ovuta kukwaniritsa zomwe zikuchitika pakupanga ndi kupanga, akuvutika pakusaka msika wapadziko lonse.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kukana kugunda kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zambiri za SPD, TUV Rheinland olowa nawo m'banja olamulira mabungwe oyesera a SPD, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe amabizinesi apanyumba ndi mabizinesi ena ofanana kuti apereke mayankho mwachangu komanso mokwanira, kuthandiza mabungwe a SPD kulowa msika wapadziko lonse.

Chitsimikizo cha SPD TUV Rheinland chadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi, akatswiri odziwa zambiri kuti apereke chitetezo ndi chitsimikizo cha malonda ake, ndikuthandizira makasitomala kuti adziwe ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri pamalonda. Kuphatikiza apo, TUV Rheinland ili ndi makasitomala onse, itha kuthandiza opanga SPD kukulitsa njira zamakasitomala.

Zotsatira zake ndi kafukufuku wokhudza kuyesa kwa zida zoteteza (SPDs) ndi 10 pulse and multi-pulses

1.Device Under Test (DUT) ndi Waveform set

1.1 DUT

1.2 Mafunde

10 mawonekedwe oyeserera, kugunda kwa 8 / 20μs = 2 kawiri pakati pa 8 pulse matalikidwe, nthawi yayitali motere: yoyamba kugunda isanu ndi inayi - 60 ms pulse interval, pulse yomaliza - 400 ms pulse interval. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyemba 10 nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsira ntchito 255V / 100A. Mawonekedwe omwe adalembedwera kulembera makampani ku QX ku China ndipo akulemba 2 PGF technology TUV Rheinland standard standard, ngati njira yofufuzira yamafayilo angapo oyesa magwiridwe antchito oteteza.

2. Gulu A - DUT

Gulu A - zotsatira za kuyesa kwamitundu ingapo pamatalikidwe osiyanasiyana

Gulu A - mapangidwe azinthu zotetezedwa ndi kugunda kumodzi In = 60 kA, koma pa 10 pulse, under amplitude of 30 and 60 kA, all damage during the seven impact pulse, potsiriza pamoto pa 255 V / 100. Sinthani matalikidwe amayeso, opezeka pa 10 pulse matalikidwe a 40 mpaka 20 kA, osawonongeka pakukhudzidwa, koma pambuyo poti mantha onse a DUT amayambitsa kutulutsidwa; Pa 10 pulse matalikidwe a 30 mpaka 15 kA, pogwiritsa ntchito 2 DUT kuti ayesere, 1 DUT yokha yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsidwa, mutha kulosera zamphamvu za 10 pulse ndi malire otetezera mamangidwe oyenera.

3. Gulu B - zotsatira za kuyesa kwamitundu ingapo pamatalikidwe osiyanasiyana

Gulu B - mapangidwe amtundu wotetezedwa wa pulse single In = 60 kA, koma pa 10 pulse, under amplitude of 30 and 60 kA, all damage during the ninth impact pulse, potsiriza pamoto pa 255 V / 100. Sinthani matalikidwe amiyeso, opezeka pa 10 pulse matalikidwe a 50 mpaka 25 kA, osawonongeka pakukhudzidwa, koma pambuyo poti mantha onse a DUT akutentha mpaka madigiri a 90, amatanthauza mpaka kutsutsidwa kwa chiwombankhanga. Pa 10 pulse matalikidwe a 40 mpaka 20 kA, pogwiritsa ntchito 2 DUT kuti ayesere, akadali bwino, pambuyo poyesa kuyesa kuyatsa kwamagetsi kunali kwabwinobwino, chifukwa chake mutha kulosera kuti matalikidwe a 10 ndiye malire otetezera mamangidwe oyenera.

4.4 Fotokozani mwachidule za mayeso

(1) Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka woteteza m'modzi-m'modzi woteteza, matalikidwe ake a In (8 / 20μs) amalephera pakuyesa kofanana kwa matalikidwe ofanana a 10.

(2) Malinga ndi zotsatira zoyeserera, malinga ndi kutetezedwa kopanga matalikidwe amtundu umodzi Mu (8 / 20μs) kuwerengera kwa 0.5, kumatha kupezeka poyeserera kofanana kwa 10.

(3) Kuyamba kwa chitetezo chotetezera kugwiritsa ntchito chip voltage ndikokwera, pansi pamphamvu imodzimodziyo, pamaziko olumikizira limodzi ali ndi kuthekera kopitilira muyeso wa 10 wololerana

Patent yopanga - Mitundu yambiri yamagetsi yoteteza (SPD)

Kudalirika
Kupangidwaku kukuwulula mtundu wazoteteza zingapo zamkati, kuphatikiza zoteteza thupi, zoteteza thupi nthambi zamkati zamkati zimafotokozedweratu osachepera ndi zotetezera zotetezera zotetezedwa kwambiri pakadali pano zomwe zimachepetsa chitetezo, pakati pawo, mulingo uliwonse Kuchepetsa chitetezo kumayendedwe kumakhala ndi varistor komanso zinthu zoteteza kumbuyo zimapanga nthambi zingapo. Zomwe zapangidwazi zili ndi mafupipafupi amagetsi pafupipafupi oswa (safuna cholowa m'malo mwa mkuwa), mphamvu ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito, yokhoza kulimbana ndi mphezi yeniyeni, mwayi wamagetsi angapo ndipo imatha kupitiliza mayeso achiwiri T2, oyenera kuyika munyumba, poteteza chitetezo chazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

Kufotokozera
Kuteteza kambiri
Munda wamaluso

[0001] kupangidwaku kumakhudzana ndi woteteza ku mawotchi, ndi oti zitha kuteteza zida zamphezi, makamaka zimafotokoza za mtundu wina wazodzitchinjiriza. Mbiri yakumisiri

[0002] Pamodzi ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kupitilizabe kwa ukadaulo wa zamagetsi, mitundu yonse yazinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wazidziwitso, mayendedwe, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndalama, makampani azamankhwala ndi madera ena m'dongosolo. Ndipo ndimitundu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yotsika pang'onopang'ono, zotsatira zake ndikusankha kuchuluka kotsika kwa kuthamanga, chidwi chachikulu, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwamagetsi. Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa mphezi kapena kugwiritsira ntchito madzi mopitirira muyeso, komabe, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zowopsa kuzipangizo zamagetsi, kumapangitsa kufalikira, kuzama komanso kuwonongeka kwamagetsi pafupipafupi kukuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, popewa kuphulika kwa mphezi komanso kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi ndikuwongolera chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa makina azida, mitundu yonse ya Surge protector yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

[0003] maiko apadziko lonse lapansi opanga zoteteza SH) amachitika molingana ndi kafukufuku wa IEC / TC61643 waukadaulo wazopanga ndi chitukuko ndikupanga komanso kupitilira kuthamanga kwa labotale yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito 10 / 350μs kapena 8 / 20μs kuyesa kamodzi kamodzi mantha. Mu IEC61643-1: 2011 ndi China standard muyezo GB50057-2010 "code for design of the building lightning protection, surge protector of the low-voltage system yogawa imagawika njira zitatu zoyesera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito Τ1, T2 ndi T3, motsatana.

[0004] wa chitetezo chomwe chilipo atha kugawidwa mu SPD ndi ma voltage- oletsa SPD, switch SPD imatha kupirira mphezi mwachindunji pakupanga mphamvu yayikulu pakadali pano, koma pali malire amagetsi, nthawi yayitali yochitira, mtsinje SH) ndipo kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsanso kuti nthawi yosintha mayendedwe ikuchedwa kwambiri (mtundu wa kuthamanga komwe kumachepetsa nthawi yoyankhira ma SPD acuities anali 20 ns, nthawi yoyankhira ya switch switch SPD> 200 us, average real lightning current Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa 180 <us, 119.6 ife), kufupikitsa kwa mphezi pakadali pano sikungakhale ndi vuto loletsa kusintha, kumawonongeka ndi mphezi yamtundu wa 2 SPD ndi zida ndipo ma switch oyambira a SPDs sagwira ntchito. Ngakhale SPD yamagetsi-ochepetsa mtundu wa mayankho mwachangu, mphamvu yamagetsi yotsika, koma imangokhala ndi zovuta zochepa pakadali pano, ndipo imafuna chitetezo chake chokhacho sichingangodutsa pakulimbana kwamphamvu kokha komanso pamagawo ang'onoang'ono amagetsi pafupipafupi , ndi kuswa nthawi pasanathe masekondi 5.

[0005] Pakadali pano palibe ukadaulo wapadziko lonse wothana ndi mavutowa, chifukwa chake mu IEC 61643-1: 2011 mu lamulo loyamba la 8.3.5.3 liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina (zoyeserera) m'malo mwa mkuwa. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa m'malo mosintha SPD kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu ya SPD sikukugwirizana ndi momwe SPD idasinthira, zomwe zimachitika pakuphulika kwamoto nthawi zambiri zimachitika. Kuyikidwa mnyumbayo, komano, gawo lachiwiri la SPD limafunikira kuyesa kwachiwiri malinga ndi zomwe GB50057-2010, T2, ndi mawonekedwe a 8 / 20μs. Kuti muthe kuyesa mayeso achiwiri, nthawi zambiri 2 SH) pogwiritsa ntchito chida chochepetsera kukonzedwa, mtundu wocheperako wa SPD (T2) uli ndi kuthekera kokulirapo kwa ma 8 / 20μs waveform, koma ndi 10 / 350μs waveform ndi 1/20 yokha yamtengo wapatali. Ndipo malinga ndi momwe mayiko akuyendera, mayiko pakuyesa kwakanthawi kofunikira akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina (zoyeserera) m'malo mwa gawo loyambira mkuwa. Osati zokhazo, kuyeserera kowonjezera kwasayansi ndi machitidwe oteteza mphezi kumawonetsa kuti bingu lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi angapo pamagetsi angapo opyola mphezi. kugunda kumodzi kwa SPD mu kulolerana kwenikweni komanso kufunika kwake pang'ono mukamenyedwa ndi mphezi, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa moto wa SPD wotenthedwa, ngozi zamoto. Kuyesa kwa mphezi kwa Guangzhou pa Ogasiti 12, 2008, mayeso olekerera mphezi a SPD, inde: polarity yoyipa yopanda LEMP imodzi imabwerera kasanu ndi katatu, 26.4 kA yaposachedwa kwambiri, yomwe ikudutsa mu SPD ndiyofunika kwambiri ku 1.64 kA , kuwonongeka kwaposachedwa kwa 20 kA's SPD. [Shaodong Chen, Shaojie Yang pa Ogasiti 12, 2011 ku Brazil, monga msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa 14th wama pepala amlengalenga: Zoyendetsedwa kuchokera ku Kusanthula Zimapereka Chidziwitso Chatsopano Pazovuta Zaposachedwa Zazida Zotetezera]. Kuswa dera lalifupi pakali pano, mphamvu ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito, zitha kupilira zovuta ndi SPD atatu apadziko lonse lapansi ovuta pamavuto pakupanga ndi kupanga.

[0006] Zotsatira zake, chitukuko chomwe chitha kulekerera kuthekera kwenikweni kwa mphezi, komanso chimafafaniza molunjika pafupipafupi mphamvu yamagetsi (osasowa cholowa chamkuwa), komanso mphamvu ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito yachiwiriyo kuyesa SPD (T2), komwe sikokufunika kokha mwachangu pantchito zoteteza mphezi kunyumba ndi akunja, ndipo ndikulumpha kwakale kwaukadaulo woteteza mphezi.

Zomwe zidapangidwa

[0007] cholinga chakapangidwe kameneka ndikuthana ndi zoperewera ndi zofooka za matekinoloje omwe alipo, perekani zotetezera zingapo zamagetsi, wotchinjiriza amateteza mwachidule mphamvu zamagetsi zamakono (sizikusowa m'malo amkuwa), mphamvu ndi nthawi kuti mugwirizane, muthe kulimbana ndi mphezi yeniyeni, mwayi wamagetsi angapo ndipo mutha kupitiliza mayeso achiwiri T2, kuyikika pamakonzedwe anyumba, poteteza chitetezo chamagawo otsika zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

[0008] kuti akwaniritse cholinga chomwe chili pamwambapa, zomwe apanga malinga ndi maluso awa:

[0009] chitetezo chotetezera, ma pulseate ontology angapo, chimatetezera thupi nthambi zamkati zamtundu wama waya zimafotokozedwa osachepera mulingo wokhala ndi zotchinjiriza zoteteza pakatikati pamagwiridwe am'mwamba otetezera chitetezo, pakati pawo, mulingo uli wonse wopanikizika kwambiri dera limakhala ndi varistor osachepera ndi zinthu zosungira zotetezera zomwe zimapanga nthambi zingapo.

[0010] nthambi zina zoteteza kuthupi zimafotokozedwa ndimakina angapo amakanika pakadali pano pakachepetsa chitetezo, gawo lililonse la kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chokhala ndi varistor imodzi ndi fuseti imodzi yopanga nthambi yolumikizira, imodzi gawo loyamba la nthambi ya varistor dc yamagetsi ku Utl, gawo lachiwiri pamwambapa nthambi yama varistor dc voltage ya Utl + Λ Un, η ya 1 mpaka 9.

[0011] amafotokozedwanso moteteza thupi amakhala ndi dera lowunikira, cholumikizira cholakwika chimaphatikizaponso nthambi zingapo zolimbana, kulumikizana kwa nthambi zingapo mgawo loyamba la kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo cha pakati pa varistor ndi fuse kugunda.

[0012] yofotokozedwanso koteteza thupi imakhalanso ndi zokhazikitsira kulumikizirana kwakutali.

[0013] yofotokozedwanso poteteza nthambi ya ontology zero mzere yomwe idakhazikitsidwanso idapendekera kwambiri pakali pano pakuchepetsa kuthamanga, chitetezo chambiri, kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri pakali pano pakukakamiza kuteteza dera lotetezedwa kumakhala ndi varistor komanso mawonekedwe otetezera nthambi zingapo. [0014] chitetezo chotetezera, kutulutsa kambiri kumaphatikizapo kutetezera ontology, kufotokozera koteteza thupi kumakhala ndi magawo atatu, dera lofotokozedwa mgawo lililonse la nthambi yamoto limakhazikika osachepera mulingo wokhala ndi zotchinjiriza zosunga chitetezo chaposachedwa kwambiri Dera, pakati pawo, mulingo uliwonse woponderezedwa pakali pano pakukakamizidwa kwakanthawi kochepetsa chitetezo kumapangidwa ndi varistor komanso zinthu zoteteza kumbuyo zimapanga nthambi zingapo.

[0015] amafotokozedwanso mgawo lililonse lanthambi yanthambi yokhazikitsidwa yopanga ma multistage kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chamadongosolo, mulingo uliwonse wamagetsi angapo opanikizika omwe amateteza chitetezo chimakhala ndi varistor imodzi ndi fuseji imodzi nthambi, imodzi mwazigawo zoyambirira za varistor dc voltage za Utl, gawo lachiwiri pamwambapa nthambi ya varistor dc voltage ya Utl + Λ Un, η ya 1 mpaka 9.

[0016] amafotokozedwanso moteteza thupi amakhala ndi dera lowunikira, cholumikizira cholakwika chimaphatikizaponso nthambi zowunikira zingapo, nthambi yoyendera nthambi yolumikizidwa mulingo wina uliwonse woyamba wa kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu pakulepheretsa chitetezo pakati varistor ndi fuse pulse.

[0017] yofotokozedwanso koteteza thupi imakhalanso ndi zokhazikitsira kulumikizirana kwakutali.

[0018] amafotokozedwanso poteteza nthambi ya ontology zero mzere yomwe idakhazikitsidwanso idapendekera kwambiri pakali pano pakuchepetsa kuthamanga, chitetezo chambiri, kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri pakali pano nthambi zingapo.

[0019] kupangidwaku poyerekeza ndiukadaulo womwe ulipo, zotsatira zake zopindulitsa motere:

[0020] 1. kupangikaku kumathandizira kwambiri kutetezedwa kwa mphezi, kumakhala ndi mafupipafupi amagetsi pafupipafupi oswa (safuna kuthekera kopangira mkuwa), kuthetsa kusungitsa kwa SPD (T2) pakamadzicheka kochepa, kumasintha kwambiri Chitetezo cha SPD (T2); Ali ndi mphamvu komanso nthawi yogwirira ntchito, onse amatenga kukakamira kukakamira ngati gawo lalikulu la SPD (T2), amathetsa mtundu wosakanizidwa wa SPD kuti usagwirizane ndi mphamvu ndi nthawi; Ndimakina angapo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kuthekera kwa mphezi, kuthetsedwa ndimayeso amodzi a SPD sangakhale ndi vuto lowopsa la mphezi.

[0021] 2. kapangidwe kameneka ndi koyenera kukhazikitsidwa munyumba, motero chitetezo chokwanira chazigawo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, makamaka makamaka pakumvetsetsa kwa chitetezo chokwanira cha zida zamagetsi, kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito yotetezeka ndi yothandiza ya zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.

[0022] 3. kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zomwe zapangidwazo, kudzachepetsa kwambiri mabingu ndi masoka amvula; Nthawi yomweyo, kupangidwa kwamakono kosavuta komanso koyenera, mtengo wotsika, ntchito ndi kukonza ndikosavuta, kuli ndi zabwino zachuma komanso chikhalidwe.

[0023] kuti athe kumvetsetsa bwino za zomwe apanga pano, zotsatirazi ziphatikiza zojambulidwa zomwe zawonetsedwa papepalali, njira yakukhazikitsira konkriti pazomwe apanga pano.

[0024] Chithunzi 1 ndichitsanzo chokhazikitsa chokhazikitsidwa 1 ili ndi kutulutsa koyamba kosiyanasiyana pakadongosolo kamodzi kamene kamakakamiza kuchepetsa chitetezo cha dera lazoyeserera.

[0025] chithunzi 2 ndiye wopangidwa pano yemwe ali ndi gawo limodzi lokhazikitsa njira yoyeserera 1 mulingo 3 kugunda kwamphamvu pakanthawi kochepa komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo cha dera.

[0026] chithunzi 3 ndiye njira yokhazikitsa yopangira 2 gawo lazigawo zitatu zadongosolo lazungulira.

[0027] chithunzi 4 ndichopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cholumikizira dera.
Konkriti kukhazikitsa njira
Case 1

[0028] Kukhazikitsa chitsanzo 1

[0029] monga tawonetsera pa chithunzi 1, zomwe zidapangidwa pano zimatanthauzira zoteteza m'mitengo zingapo, zimaphatikizira zoteteza ontology, chitetezo chamoto m'kati mwa nthambi zomwe zimakankha kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwambiri komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo, kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri pakali pano dera lotetezera limakhala ndi varistor TMOVl osachepera amodzi ndikuphatikizira nthambi ya Mbl form, nthambi yamagetsi yogwira kukakamiza kwa DC yogwira ntchito kwa% .Kuwonjezeranso, wofotokozedwako poteteza thupi amakhalanso ndi chiwonetsero chowunikira cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira, cholakwika Dera lowunikira limaphatikizapo kuwala kwa D ndi nthambi wamba za R, mndandanda wolumikizana ndi nthambi yoyamba yomwe idakakamiza kuthamanga kwakanthawi kochepetsa chitetezo cha varistor TMOVl ndi fuse fuse pakati pa Mbl. Kufotokozedwako poteteza kwa ontology ya zero mzere nthambi idakhazikitsanso momwe kupsyinjika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamankhwala kumachepetsa chitetezo chazida, kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri pakali pano pakukakamiza pakuchepetsa chitetezo kumaphatikizaponso varistor ndi zinthu zotchinjiriza zopangira nthambi zingapo.

[0030] monga tawonetsera pachithunzi chachiwiri, zomwe zatchulidwazi zoteteza moto mkati mwanthambi zili ndi mulingo wambiri wothamangitsira kuthamanga komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo, gawo lililonse la kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chazomwe zimakhala ndi varistor imodzi ndi fuseti yopanga nthambi yamagetsi, imodzi mwazigawo zoyambirira za varistor dc voltage za Utl, nthambi yachiwiri ya varistor dc voltage ya Utl + Λ U2, nthambi yachitatu ya varistor dc voltage kupita ku Ud + AUy mawonekedwe ena ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 3.

[0031] zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe apanga pano zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndimphamvu yayikulu ndipo zimakhala ndimphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yochepa yomwe imapangitsa kuti fuse (MB) ndi iron zinc oxide varistor (MOV), kutengera ukadaulo wapa parameter control ( Ma discrete parameter control technology ndikulozera kuzogulitsa zomwezo, kugwiritsa ntchito magawo amodzi ophatikizika ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikizika ndikuwongolera magawo osiyanasiyana azipangizo, kuti akwaniritse chimodzi kapena zingapo za magawo amapangidwe) mndandanda waukadaulo wosanja (kusanja mosiyanasiyana ukadaulo umatanthawuza za kapangidwe ka SPD nthambi iliyonse yazida zotetezera dera lozungulira, pafupipafupi mphamvu imatha kupitilira pang'onopang'ono malingana ndi kapangidwe kake, kupanga SPD kuzimitsa magetsi, kuti apange chitetezo cha Gwiritsani ntchito SPD, pangani fuseti mukamafupikitsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pafupipafupi ndikupanga mzere wamagetsi wamagetsi ochepa womangirizidwa ndi ntchito yoteteza chitetezo cha SPD, yozindikira pamagetsi poyeserera kanthawi kochepa sikusowa chidutswa chamkuwa m'malo mozungulira pafupipafupi mphamvu ya MOV ikuphwanya dera lalifupi; Kutengera mayankho abwino pazogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutentha kwa MOV ndikuchitika molingana ndi ukadaulo waukadaulo waukadaulo waukadaulo-ngakhale wofananira (ukadaulo-ngakhale kufanana ukadaulo umatanthawuza chiwerengero chonse cha nthambi ya dera la SPD ndichosamvetseka kapena nambala, ayenera gawani ukadaulo wofananira waukadaulo), munagonjetsa SPD (T2) makina osinthira ndi kuthamanga komwe kumachepetsa kapangidwe kazipangizo, mphamvu yake ndi nthawi yolumikizirana nazo sizingakwaniritse zolakwika zoletsa mphezi, kukhazikitsa mphamvu ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito; Adopted multilevel MOV micro gauge kufanana magawidwe ofanana a magawo ofanana aukadaulo waukadaulo, amapanga SPD pakukakamira kwa mphezi, nthambi iliyonse yofanana ya MOV imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi mphezi pakadali pano, kuti izindikire kuti mphezi yeniyeni ya SPD ili ndi kuthekera kwakanthawi kambiri.

Case 2 [0032] [0033] monga tawonetsera pa chithunzi 3, zomwe apanga pano zimafotokoza zotetezera zingapo zamatenda, kuphatikiza oteteza ontology, adafotokoza kuti chitetezo cha thupi chimakhala ndi magawo atatu, waya wa nthambi iliyonse yoyikidwa kuposa katatu kugunda kwamphamvu pakatikati pakuchepetsa chitetezo chadongosolo, mulingo uliwonse wamagetsi angapo opanikizika oletsa chitetezo dera limakhala ndi varistor imodzi ndi fyuzi imodzi yopangira nthambi yamagetsi, imodzi mwazigawo zoyambirira za nthambi yamagetsi yamagetsi ya Utl, kukakamiza kukana sekondale yachiwiri yamagetsi yamagetsi yogwira ntchito ya U0 + third U1, gawo lachitatu la nthambi kukakamiza kukana kwamphamvu kwa magetsi ogwira ntchito a U0 + Δ U2.

[0034] monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzi chachinayi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito, ingoikani zotetezera zamagetsi zingapo kuposa gawo loyamba la kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo pamagawo olumikizira kulumikizana ndi waya wamagetsi wamagawo otsika a magetsi; Kalasi yoyamba eta yochulukitsidwa kwambiri pakali pano pakuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mphamvu zotulutsa mphamvu ndi kugawa kwamagetsi kotsika kwa waya wapansi, kumatha kumaliza kukhazikitsa chitetezo chotetezera, chitetezo chosavuta, chosavuta komanso chothandiza.

[0035], zomwe apanga pano sizingokhala pazomwe zakhazikitsidwa pamwambapa ngati zingasinthe kapena kusiyanasiyana (monga mawonekedwe a bokosi kapena mtundu wama module; Kudzera mumayendedwe mu kukula kwa gawo limodzi kapena magawo atatu operekera njira zodzitetezera) sizimachokera kuzinthu zomwe zapangidwazo, ngati zosinthazi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zatchulidwazi ndi ukadaulo wofananira, zomwe apanganazi zikufunanso kuphatikiza kusintha ndi mawonekedwe.

Zodzinenera (10)

1. Wotetezera, ma pulse angapo amaphatikizira woteteza ontology, yemwe chikhalidwe chake ndi: oteteza thupi mkati mwa waya nthambi amafotokozedweratu osachepera ndi zotetezera zosungira zotetezedwa pakapangidwe kazomwe zili pakali pano pakuchepetsa chitetezo, pakati pawo, mulingo uliwonse kuthamanga kumachepetsa chitetezo chazomwe zimakhala ndi varistor komanso zinthu zoteteza kumbuyo zimapanga nthambi zingapo.
2. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 1 wotetezera wambiri amateteza, yemwe mawonekedwe ake ndi: oteteza thupi nthambi zamkati zamkati amafotokozedwa ndi ma multistage angapo kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo, gawo lililonse la kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa chitetezo kumakhala ndi varistor imodzi komanso lama fuyusi kupanga zimachitika mndandanda nthambi, mmodzi wa woyamba mndandanda varistor wa DC ntchito voteji kwa Utl, lachiwiri mlingo pamwamba pa varistor mndandanda nthambi ya DC ntchito voteji U0 + Λ Un, η 1 kuti 9.
3. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti amateteza 2 otsekemera otetezedwa, omwe mawonekedwe ake ndi: oteteza thupi ananenanso za dera lolephera, cholakwika chowunikira chowunikira chimaphatikizira kuwunikira kosavuta kwa nthambi zingapo, kulumikizana kwa nthambi zingapo mgawo loyamba kumapangitsa kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwambiri dera lotetezera pakati pa varistor ndi pulse fuse.
4. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 1 woteteza kutaya kangapo, yemwe ndi amene amateteza thupi amafotokozedwanso ndi chingwe cholumikizirana.
5. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 1 woteteza kutaya kangapo, yemwe ali ndi: zero line nthambi ya protector ontology imakhazikitsidwanso kuposa kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo, pakati pawo, mulingo uliwonse umachulukitsidwa dera lotetezera limakhala ndi varistor osachepera ndipo zinthu zodzitchinjiriza zimapanga nthambi zingapo.
6. Wotetezera, kutengeka kambiri kumaphatikizapo woteteza ontology, wofotokozera zoteteza thupi limakhala ndi magawo atatu, omwe mawonekedwe ake ndi: gawo lirilonse la dera lofotokozedwa mu nthambi yama waya limakhazikika osachepera mulingo wokhala ndi zotetezera zosungira zaposachedwa kwambiri mantha olepheretsa chitetezo kutetezedwa, pakati pawo, mulingo uliwonse wopitilira kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwambiri wochepetsera chitetezo chimakhala ndi varistor komanso zinthu zotetezera zomwe zimapanga nthambi zingapo.
7. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 6 wotetezera kutentha wambiri, yemwe ali ndi: gawo lirilonse la dera lofotokozedwa mu nthambi yama waya limakhazikitsa zochulukirapo kuposa kuthamanga kwaposachedwa komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo, gawo lililonse la kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chazomwe zimakhala ndi osachepera varistor imodzi ndi fuseji kuti apange nthambi yamagetsi, imodzi mwazinthu zoyambira nthambi ya DC yamagetsi yamagetsi ku Utl, gawo lachiwiri pamwamba pa nthambi ya varistor yamagetsi ogwira ntchito a U0 + Λ Un, η ya 1 mpaka 9.
8. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 7 yoteteza kutentha kwambiri, yemwe amateteza thupi: adatanthauziranso cholakwika chowunikira cholakwika, dera lowunikira limaphatikizira nthambi zowunikira zingapo, nthambi yoyendera nthambi yolumikizidwa ku mulingo uliwonse wa pulsed kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwambiri komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chazigawo pakati pa varistor ndi fuse pulse.
9. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 6 woteteza kutaya kangapo, yemwe ndi amene amateteza thupi amafotokozedwanso ndi chingwe cholumikizirana.

Oposa 10. Malinga ndi zomwe akuti 6 pulse surge protector, yemwe ali ndi: zero line nthambi ya protector ontology imakhazikitsidwanso kuposa kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo, pakati pawo, mulingo uliwonse mantha olepheretsa chitetezo kutetezedwa ndi varistor osachepera ndipo zinthu zoteteza kumbuyo zimapanga nthambi zingapo.