Kutetezedwa Kwamagetsi Kwamagetsi Otsika Otsika

Buku la 'Overvoltage Protection of Low Voltage Systems' lolembedwa ndi Doctor Mr. Peter Hasse

Ndikukumbukira buku la 'Overvoltage Protection of Low Voltage Systems' lolembedwa ndi Peter Hasse lidandipatsa chidziwitso chofunikira ndili wachichepere yemwe ndimagwira nawo gawo loteteza mafunde mu Disembala 2006.

Dr. Peter Hasse, 'Mr. 10/350 'Mulungu Wamphamvu wa mawonekedwe 10/350.
Padziko lotetezedwa ndi mphezi, Peter Hasse ndi nthano yamoyo.

Wobadwa mu 1940, adaphunzira zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi ku Berlin Technical University, akumaliza maphunziro ku 1965. Kenako adagwira ntchito yothandizira pakufufuza ku Adolf Attias Institute for High Voltage Engineering mpaka pomwe adalandira udokotala kumeneko ku 1972. Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake adalowa dipatimenti ya R&D ya DEHN + Sohne. Kumeneko adathandizira pakupanga mpweya wozimitsa wokha wamphamvu kwambiri komanso chiphunzitso chatsopano chotsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake poteteza mphezi. Izi zimatchedwa panthawiyo mawonekedwe "atsopano" 10/350. Mu 1981, a Dr. Hasse adakhala a Managing Director ndipo adakhalabe mpaka pomwe adapuma pantchito mu 2004. Kuyambira 2002 akhala mu Board of Directors ku Germany labotale yoyeserera: GHMT AG Bexbach.

Atangosiya ntchito ku Dehn, a Dr. Hasse adalandira Order of Merit yotchuka ya Federal Republic of Germany.

Pamwambo wopereka mphotho mu 2005 Hasse adalemekezedwa chifukwa chosintha Dehn + Sohne (kampani yaying'ono yabanja yopanga ndodo) kukhala wosewera wamkulu wapadziko lonse lapansi pamsika woteteza mphezi. Nthawi yomweyo adayamikiridwa chifukwa cha "gawo lalikulu" lomwe adatenga nawo gawo pakukopa mabungwe opanga miyezo yadziko lonse komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhudzana ndi kuteteza mphezi.

Kuyamikirako sikokokomeza. Nkhani iliyonse yokhudzana ndi zomwe Hasse adachita ili ndi mfundo imodzimodziyi: "Adachita mbali yayikulu m'mabungwe opanga mayiko komanso mayiko ena pantchito zoteteza mphezi." Momwe zimakhalira zovuta "kuzindikirika" chifukwa mpaka pano zonse zomwe adachita m'bwaloli zinali zisanachitike.

Kwa zaka zopitilira 20, akugwira Dehn, Hasse nthawi yomweyo amalimbikitsa malingaliro ake atsopano ndi zida zake kwa olemba miyezo ndikulemba kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Mu 1975, adakhala membala woyambitsa Komiti ya VDE (Germany standard Organisation) Committee on Lightning Protection (ABB) ndipo posakhalitsa anali kuyendetsa (malinga ndi Prof. Dr. Kawamura, Purezidenti wa IEIE waku Japan) Mu 1977 Hasse adalowa DKE ( Woyimira Germany ku IEC ndi CENELEC) akumupatsa mwayi woyenera kukhala wolankhulira ku Germany ku IEC / SC37A "Low Voltage Surge Protect Devices" ndi IEC / TC81 "Lightning Protection" (yomwe adalowa nawo poyambira.)

Pitani m'masamba a Hasse omwe akutsatira (opezeka kudzera maulalo omwe ali pansipa) ndipo mupeza kuti sanali Thor kapena mulungu wina aliyense wa mphezi yemwe adapatsa moyo mawonekedwe amtundu wa 10/350. Sanali CIGRE kapena ngakhale wofufuza wodziwika waku Switzerland, Dr. Karl Berger.

Kwezani chophimba ndipo wina apeza kuti gwero lenileni la mawonekedwe a 10/350 silili wina koma Dr. Peter Hasse.

Tchati cha HASSE 10/350 - Kubadwa kwa mawonekedwe a 10/350

Dr. Hasse adavumbulutsa lingaliro lake lodziwika bwino la "10/350" patsamba 46 patsamba loyamba la Chijeremani m'buku lake la "Overvoltage Protection of Low Voltage Systems: Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ngakhale kukuwombana ndi mphezi" "Überspannungsschutz von Niederspannungsanlagen - Einsatz elektronischer Geräte auch bei direkten Blitzeinschlägen ”, (Verlag TOV Rheinland GmbH, Koblenz,) yofalitsidwa mu 1987. Tchati chikuwonetsedwa pansipa.

Sungani mbewa yanu pamwambapa kuti muwonetse maulalo omwe akupereka tsatanetsatane wazofunikira. Kuwoneka koyamba kumawonetsa magawo onse a IEC 5's 62305/10 magawo (owunikiridwa). Kuwonanso kwachiwiri kukuwonetsa Hasse akunena kuti magawo awa ndi muyezo waku Germany "VG 350." Cheki ndi DIN (Germany Standards Institute) idawulula kuti VG96901 sinali miyezo yoyenera. Icho chinali "choyambirira" chopanda ulamuliro kapena choyambirira.

Koma izi sizikutanthauza kanthu popeza Hasse akuti m'malemba omwe akuyambitsa tchatichi kuti adazilemba. Ndipo, zowonadi, cholembedwa chokhacho (chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pansi pa tchati monga / 42 /) chimatanthauza "chitsogozo" cholembedwa ndi Hasse mu 1982.

Mawu omwe ali pamunsiwa alengeza mwamphamvu (mwina kwanthawi yoyamba) kuti tchati ichi chikuyimira magawo am'kuwombera molunjika, ndikuti zotchinjiriza zotchinjiriza zidafunikira "popanda kupatula" kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito poteteza zamagetsi komanso makamaka zamagetsi zamagetsi. (tsamba 46-47)

Patangotha ​​miyezi ingapo atatulutsa buku lake Dr. Hasse anabweretsa Tchati chake cha 10/350 pamsonkhano wa IEC TC 81 ku Japan (June 1988) kuti apangitse zokambirana zake za "mawonekedwe enieni a mphezi." Apa kuphunzitsidwa kunaphatikizira magawo kuchokera pa tchati cha Hasse 10/350 (200kA, 100 C, 10 MJ pa ohm) kuphatikiza ndikuwonetsa zithunzi zambiri za omvera ake a Dehn spark gap. Nayi chithunzi cha Tchati cha Hasse 10/350 chotengedwa pamwambowu. Mutha kuwona akudzitchula monyadira (ndi buku lake la 1987) ngati gwero la tchati.

M'masiku amenewo Hasse anali asanayambe kukhazikitsa udindo wa mawonekedwe a 10/350 pakhomo la Berger & CIGRE. Izi zinali kudza mtsogolo.

Bukhu lake la 1987 (pomwe tchati lidawonekera koyamba) lili ndi zolemba za 83 koma sizitchulidwa za Berger kapena CIGRE.

Izi ndichifukwa choti, monga tawonetsera pamwambapa, mawonekedwe a 10/350 adachokera kwa Dr. Peter Hasse.

IEC 62305 KUTHANDIZA MALO OTHANDIZA MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO YAMOTO
LPZ - Lingaliro la Zone Yoteteza Mphezi: Ndi chiyani?

Madera Otetezera Mphezi (kapena ma LPZ) ali pakatikati pa njira ya IEC 62305 yotetezera mphezi. Lingaliro ndikuti kuchepetsa mphezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azilowa pakapangidwe kagawidwe kake kukhala malo okhala pachiwopsezo (okhala mkati mwa wina ndi mnzake.) Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi ma SPD zotsatira za mphezi zomwe zikugunda gawo lakunja zimatanthauza kuti achepetsedwe asanafike kumagawo amkati. Izi ndiye chiphunzitso. Malinga ndi IEC 62305-4 (Gawo. 4.1) lingaliro la LPZ ili ndiye maziko achitetezo chonse cha mphezi.

Kodi lingaliro la IEC 62305 la Chitetezo cha Mphezi ndilothandiza bwanji?

Lingaliro la IEC lotchedwa LPZ lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka 20. Komabe Rakov ndi Uman atasanthula, sanathe kupeza kafukufuku m'modzi yemwe anali ndi umboni wowerengera wotsimikizira kuti ndiwothandiza ("Mphezi, Fiziki ndi Zotsatira, Cambridge University Press" tsamba 591). Kusaka kwina ku 2013 kunakhalanso kopanda tanthauzo. Zikuwoneka kuti palibe kafukufuku yemwe adatsimikiziranso kuti ntchito ya IEC 62305's LPZ.

Pamaso pake, dongosolo la LPZ likuwoneka ngati njira yanzeru yodzitetezera. Nanga bwanji, pazaka 20, sipanakhalepo maphunziro osonyeza kupambana kwake? Funso limeneli linapangitsa kuti tiwunikire mozama momwe zasinthira ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake.

EF Vance: Wopanga Chidziwitso Choteteza Mphezi

Lingaliro loyambirira la LPZ lidapangidwa ndi American, EF Vance, wa Stanford Research Institute ku Menlo Park, California. Vance adayambitsa izi mu 1977 m'nyuzipepala yotchedwa "Shielding and Grounding Topology for Interference Control." Kumanzere kuli chithunzi chojambulidwa papepalalo chosonyeza malo omwe Vance ali pachiwopsezo. Mwa "kukhazika" kunja kwa chikopa chilichonse mkatikati mwa chishango choyandikana nacho, Vance adayesetsa kuwongolera zovuta zamatenda akunja omwe amalowa m'malo. Anazindikiranso kufunika kochepetsera ma surges pamagetsi ndi ma data omwe amalowa.

Zone 0 inali moniker Vance yomwe idapereka kumadera akunja chifukwa cha mphezi. Zigawo 1 & 2 adapatsa madera omwe anali mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Vance LPZ yothandizidwa ndi Dr. Peter Hasse

 Dr. Hasse adayika malingaliro a Vance ndikusintha kukhala buku lomwe adalitcha: "EMC-Lightning Protection Zone Concept" (yolembedwa ndi Peter Hasse & Johannes Wiesinger ndikufalitsidwa ndi Pflaum Verlag mu 1993.)

Kumanja mukuwona chithunzi cha Vance's LPZ momwe chikuwonekera, chosasinthika (kupatula kuwonjezera kwa kumasulira kwa Chijeremani) pa p. 52 m'buku la Hasse. Kapangidwe koyambirira ka Vance ndi matanthauzidwe adasungidwa mu kusintha kwa Hasse: Zone Zero idapitilirabe kuyimira dera kunja kwa nyumbayo; Zigawo 1 & 2, madera omwe ali mkati mwa kapangidwe kake.

Tsoka ilo Dr. Hasse adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya LPZ kuti atumize lingaliro lake la mawonekedwe a 10/350 popitilira lingaliro loti zosewerera mphezi ku Zone Zero zikuyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a 10/350. Dinani apa kuti muwone momwe buku la Hasse la 1993 LPZ lidalowetsera mawonekedwe a 10/350 mu lingaliro la LPZ.

Potero, adaletsa kupambana komwe kungakhale njira yothandiza kwambiri poteteza mphezi. Zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa dongosolo la LPZ ndi mawonekedwe a 10/350 akuphatikizira zolakwika za mipata ya spark, kuphatikiza quagmire ya "SPD coordination" zonsezi zimafotokozedwanso kwina patsamba lino.

Nkhani zowononga zina zomwe zidapangitsa zida ndi makhazikitsidwe kukhala "otetezedwa" malinga ndi dongosolo la 10/350-LPZ zitha kupezeka kwina patsamba lino.

Kusamuka kwa LPZ - Kuchokera m'buku la Hasse kupita ku miyezo yoteteza mphezi

Pomwe buku lake la LPZ lidasindikizidwa mu 1993, Dr. Hasse anali wowopsa pamaso pa komiti yoteteza mphezi ya IEC, TC 81. Zinamutengera zaka zosachepera ziwiri kuchokera pomwe bukuli lidatulutsa kuti lingaliro lake la LPZ litulutsidwe lonse muyezo wa IEC 61312-1.

Kumanzere kuli chithunzi cha LPZ kuchokera ku IEC 61312-1. Mawonekedwe 10/350 adapangidwa kukhala gawo lofunikira. Dinani apa kuti muwone magawo a mphezi a Hasse 10/350 momwe amawonekera muyezo wa 61312-1.

Chifukwa chake titha kuwona, kuti mu mphezi imodzi, Dr. Hasse adakwanitsa kupangitsa 10/350 waveform NDI malingaliro ake a LPZ kuti alowetsedwe muyezo woteteza mphezi wapadziko lonse.

Gawo lotsatira linali kuwasamutsira muyezo wa IEC 62305. Nkhani ya momwe adakwanitsira zomwe zitha kupezeka pano.

Mwachidule, Dr. Peter Hasse sikuti angotamandidwa chifukwa chobereka mawonekedwe a 10/350, komanso pakupanga dongosolo la LPZ lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano pamiyeso yonse yoteteza mphezi ya IEC.

LPZ Pogwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku: kuchepetsa mphezi kapena mpikisano wochepetsa?

Chithunzi chaposachedwa kwambiri cha LPZ kuchokera ku IEC 62305 chikuwonetsedwa kumanja. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mphezi. Koma ena amakhulupirira kuti ntchito ya IEC LPZ ikukhudzana kwambiri ndikufotokozera kuti ndi zida ziti zotetezera zomwe zikuyenera kuonedwa ngati "zoyenera" ndikuwongolera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, IEC 62305 imanenetsa kuti mphezi zikuyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyesa 10/350, chifukwa chake "omanga mphezi" atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Zone Zero. Mitundu ina ya ma SPD ndi yoletsedwa.

Pali mavuto atatu akulu ndi njirayi. Zoyamba ziwirizi ndizolemba ndipo zidalembedwa pa intaneti iyi, zomwe ndi: 1) mawonekedwe a 10/350 sakuyimira mphezi zenizeni, ndipo 2) kusiyana kwa "magetsi omanga mphezi" kuli ndi zolakwika zambiri.

Vuto lalikulu lachitatu likhoza kukhala lalamulo. Momwe njira ya LPZ yakwaniritsidwira mu miyezo ingakhale kuphwanya Lamulo la Mpikisano wa European Union. (Onani tsamba la FAQ.)

mtima

Ngati aliyense atenga izi "mwayekha" chonde vomerezani kuti tsambali siliyenera kukhala lochitira munthu wina aliyense, kampani, kapena komiti. Cholinga chake ndikungosintha chitetezo chamagetsi. Ndipo ngakhale zingafune kulimba mtima kuti muyimirire ndikuyankhula, zimatengera kulimba mtima kuti mukhale pansi ndikumvetsera.

KUKHALA KWA HASSE 10/350 - Mtsinje wamabuku, zolemba, ndi mawonetsedwe: 10km mulifupi / 350km kutalika

Pakati pa 80s ndi 90s (malinga ndi tsamba la Dehn) Hasse, womuthandizira J. Wiesinger, ndi ena ogwira nawo ntchito a Dehn adalemba kapena kutenga nawo gawo pamapepala, mabuku, ziwonetsero pamisonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi, mawonetsero, ndi masemina. Munthu wina "wakale" akuti ndalama zopitilira 1987 miliyoni zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchitoyi. Uthenga wofunikira mu zambiri mwazimenezi komanso mawonetsedwe ake umafanana ndi buku la Hasse la 10: "Mphezi yolunjika imayimilidwa ndi mawonekedwe a 350/10; ndi okhawo omwe angateteze mayeso a mawonekedwe a mafunde pa 350/XNUMX kuti aziteteza ku mphezi. ”

Mndandanda wochepa ungapezeke apa.

Hasse adalimbikitsa Tchati chake cha 10/350 kukhala TC-81 mu 1988 "Mbiri Yoteteza Mphezi" mu msonkhano wa IEC TC-81 ku Japan. Tchatichi chinawonekeranso m'mabuku am'mbuyomu a buku lake la 1987. Ikhoza kupezeka m'nkhani monga "Neues aus der Blitzschutztechnik," etz, Vol. 108, pp. 612-618, lofalitsidwanso mu 1987 ndi EMV-Blitz-Schutzzonen-Konzept, yolembedwa limodzi ndi J. Wiesinger ndikufalitsidwa ndi VDE Verlag mu 1994. Idalembedwa m'buku la Hasse la 1998 "Overvoltage Protection of Low Voltage Systems ”Ndi makope ake apambuyo pake.

Zinthu zofananira

 Mu 1999, Dr. Hasse adapita ku Surge Protective Devices Committee ya IEEE ndikupempha, ngati nthumwi yotchuka ya TC 81, kuti ayitanidwe ku msonkhano wa SPE Committee wa 2000 wa IEEE kuti apereke chiwonetsero cha "chiyambi, kufunika komanso kutsimikizika kwa mawonekedwe a 10/350 μs. ” Pa Seputembala 29, 1999 Komiti ya SPD idavomera, ndipo Meyi wotsatira msonkhano udachitikira ku St. Petersberg, Florida. Dr. Hasse akuwonetsa kuti akuyembekeza kukopa chidwi cha omwe apezekapo pa IEEE kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amtundu wa 10/350 kuti abwereze kuwombera koyamba kwa mphezi. Mukudutsa adanenanso za 10: 1 zokulitsira pakusintha mawonekedwe a 10/350 kukhala 8/20, koma sanaike nkhawa. Hasse sanachite bwino pamsonkhanowu ndipo chaka chotsatira adatumiza a Dehn VP (Richard Chadwick) kuti ayesenso. Kulalikira uthenga womwewo, pogwiritsa ntchito matchati ofanana komanso zonena zofananira ndi momwe mphezi zimayendera, chiwonetserochi chalimbikitsa kwambiri kukulitsa motere: "Kodi sipangakhale chinthu chowonjezera chomwe Spark Gaps ndi MOV SPDs chingayerekeza?"

Monga lingaliro loyamba Chadwick adataya "30." Izi zidatanthawuza kuti MOV SPD yoyesedwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa 8/20 kuti aganizidwe mgulu lomwelo ngati Spark Gap yoyesedwa ndi 25kA 10/350 μs, MOV SPD iyenera kuwerengedwa pa 750kA. Dr. Chadwick adazindikira kuti izi zinali zopanda tanthauzo ndipo kumapeto kwa nkhani yake adatsimikiza kuti "zinthu zokulirapo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito" koma kuti oteteza mipata okha ndi omwe anali oyenera kukhazikitsidwa polowera ntchito.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri, ngakhale ndi uthenga weniweni wa Chadwick, zidayamba anthu ena a IEEE akuganiza kuti njirayi ikhoza kukhala njira yokwaniritsira chiyanjanitso ndi IEC pankhaniyi. Ziwerengero zingapo zidamenyedwa mozungulira ndipo pamapeto pake "10" idalandiridwa mwachidule ndi IEEE.

Hasse anakhalabe wolimba. Kanema waku Chadwick pambuyo pake chaka chomwecho adanenetsa kuti ziwonjezeka za 25. Onani chithunzichi apa.

Mawu onsewa onena za "kufanana" adalimbikitsa a Francois Martzloff, a komiti ya IEEE SPD, kuti apange kafukufuku kuti awone ngati "mgwirizano womwe ungafanane" wa mafunde awiriwo "ungapezeke" kudzera pazinthu zosavuta. " Kuwona masamu ndi kulingalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zinapezedwa kunawona kukhala kuyesayesa kukhala "kosatheka." Mutha kuwerenga zonsezo Pano. Pofika 2006 zokambirana zilizonse zokhudzana ndi "kufanana" zinali zitatha. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa mu IEEE Std C62.62 (2010) pomwe palibe mawonekedwe a 10/350 amaloledwa.

M'magazini ndi mafotokozedwe a Hasse titha kuyerekezera kulimbana kwa zolimbikitsa zotsutsana: Kumbali imodzi, chidwi chake chofuna kuchita nawo zaluso ndipo mbali inayo, kukakamizidwa kuti azigulitsa zotsatsa zake. Palibe amene anganene kuti m'mafotokozedwe ake komanso m'mabuku ake sakanatha kuwonetsa zithunzi za Dehn omwe amateteza mipata ndikudzitamandira momwe amatetezera ku "mphezi zowongoka."

Izi zitha kuwonetsedwanso ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso lamulo lopezeka ndi kufunikira: Hasse anali ndi zida zopumira. Zomwe zimafunikira ndikuti IEC ndiyo ipereke zomwe akufuna. Monga dongosolo la bizinesi, linali labwino kwambiri.

DR. HASSE, TC81 & IEC 62305 NKHANI - kubedwa kwa muyezo
Zochitika Zazikulu 10/350 ndi Zenith: Mndandanda woteteza mphezi wa IEC 62305

Mu 1993 kutulutsidwa kwa IEC 61024-1-1 kudakhala gawo lalikulu patsogolo pamabwalo apadziko lonse lapansi a Hasse10 / 350 waveform. Magawo ake amphezi pakapangidwe kazomwe mukuchita pakali pano, chindapusa, ndi mphamvu zapadera adachotsedwa mchati cha Hasse. Koma zinali mu 1995 pomwe Hasse pamapeto pake adawona kuti kulimbikira kwake kudakwaniritsidwa pomwe TC 81 idatulutsa IEC 61312-1 kutchula mayina, kupereka chilolezo ndikupatsa ulamuliro ku mawonekedwe a Hasse10 / 350. Kuyambira pamenepo aliyense amadziwa kuti mphezi yolunjika imangodziwika ndi mawonekedwe a 10/350. Phwando ku Neumarkt usiku womwewo liyenera kuti linali losangalatsa.

Chochitika chachiwiri ndikuti mawonekedwe a 10/350 aphatikizidwe mu IEC 61643-1.

Koma pachimake pachimake pamakhala tsiku lomwe Hasse 10/350 idayikidwa (yonse) mu IEC 62305 yoteteza mphezi. Ndipo pali nkhani yosangalatsa yolumikizidwa ndi izi.

Ndi njira iti yomwe Hasse anali wofunitsitsa komanso wolimba mtima potumiza mawonekedwe ake 10/350 akufotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi Ernst Landers mu IEC Document 81/195 / INF ya 2002.07.05 yotchedwa TC 81 WG 3's Convenor's Report? Ernst U. Landers, yemwe panthawiyo anali wogwira ntchito ku Hasse kwa nthawi yayitali, anali Mgwirizano wa TC81 WG3 mu 2002. Koma Dr. Hasse analiponso pamsonkhano wa TC81 womwe ukukambidwa (ku Firenze, Italy pa Okutobala 17, 2001) ndipo anali akuganiza kuti udindo wa "Deputizing Convener." Sitikudziwa kwenikweni kuti "wotsogolera zokambirana" ndi chiani, koma chikalatachi chikuwonekeratu kuti Hasse ndi amene amatsogolera msonkhanowu womwe umakamba za m'mene angaphatikizire zofunikira za "SPD" ndi "Application guide" kuchokera ku IEC 61312-1 mgulu lazinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito IEC 62305. Izi zikadakhala, ipso facto, zomwe zikuphatikiza magawo onse a Hasse 10/350 & LPZ lingaliro.

Pansi pa maphunziro a Hasse, TC 81 WG3 inali itaganiza kale zophatikiza zonse za IEC 61312-1 Hasse mu 62305. Pogwira mawu apa kuchokera ku lipoti la oyitanitsa, chifukwa luso la 61312-1 anali "atakambirana kale ndikuvomerezana mogwirizana mu WG3, oyitanitsa, kuti aphatikize bwino magawo asanu (a IEC 61312-1) mu fomu ya IEC 62305… ”Choperekedwacho chidalandiridwadi mosavuta. Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti uku kunali kusuntha kwabwino kuchokera pamalingaliro a Dr. Hasse - kupeza lingaliro la Hasse 10/350 waveform ndi LPZ lolembedwa mu mndandanda watsopano wa 62305 mu mawonekedwe osasakanizidwa inali ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti ingosiyidwa ndi ma vagaries a "komiti kanthu. ” Malinga ndi malipoti, "ntchito yosintha" idamalizidwa ndipo chikalata chotsatira chidatumizidwa kwa mamembala onse a WG 3 kuwapatsa mwezi umodzi kuti ayankhe. Pamene, patatha mwezi umodzi, PALIBE amene anayankha, woyitanitsayo, Dr. Landers, mwachilengedwe, adalengeza kuti "mgwirizano" udakwaniritsidwa ndipo adatumiza chikalatacho kwa Dr. Lo Piparo (Secretary of TC 1) yemwe adafalitsa lingaliro Latsopano la Ntchito. Izi zidamukankhira mpaka pamapeto pake kukhala wathunthu.

Kuyambitsa IEC 62305 padziko lapansi

Zaka zambiri 62305 isanamalizidwe, Hasse adadzipereka kuti adziwitse ndi kuvomereza. Anali woyamba kubweretsa kudziko lonse lapansi ndi pepala lake "New Standards for Protection Against Lightning-New Series 62305" lomwe linaperekedwa ku VII SIPDA ku Curitiba, Brazil ku 2003.

Kuwulutsa malingaliro ake ndikuwalandila anali ntchito Hasse adaziona mozama. Mu 1994 pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa 22 pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Woteteza Mphezi ku Budapest nkhani yake "Mfundo Yogwirizira Kwambiri Zida Zotetezera ku Low Voltage Systems" kwa nthawi yoyamba adagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti: "chowopseza chachikulu cha mphezi chinali mawonekedwe a 10/350." Zotsimikizika kuti zikope chidwi, pambuyo pake zidaphatikizidwa mu 62305 Series. Nkhani yake yoti "Mfundo yamtsogolo yolumikizira omanga omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa" (etz. Magazine Issue 1, pp. 20-23, 1995) adatchulidwa moyenera. Masomphenya a Dr. Hasse adamulola kuti alosere zoteteza mphezi za IEC 62305's 10/350 zaka zopitilira 10 izi zisanachitike.

KAMPANI YA 10/350 IKUPITILIZA - ndikupotoza kwatsopano
Ntchitoyi ikupitilizabe - ndi New Twist

Kampeni ya Dr. Hasse ya 10/350 mwachiwonekere sinathe. Mu 2010 adalemba Chaputala 7 cha buku lotchedwa "Lightning" lofalitsidwa ndi Institute of Engineering and Technology, London, UK. M'mawu a Hasse ng'oma ya 10/350 idayimbanso: "Pamalire a LPZ 0… Ma SPD ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha kutulutsa mphezi zocheperako ... Ma SPD awa amatchedwa omenyera mphezi (SPDs class I) ndipo amayesedwa ndi mafunde, mafunde 10 / 350μs. ” Monga mwachizolowezi anali ndi zithunzi zambiri za a Dehn omwe amateteza kusiyana.

Koma nthawi ino adapitanso patsogolo. Iye "adazindikira" kuthekera kwa wotetezera wa MOV kuyimirira m'malo mwakuphulika "ngati kutchulidwa kwapadera kwa ma 8 / 20μs kunali kosachepera 25 komwe 10 / 350μs ikufotokoza pano." Mwachitsanzo, kuti MOV SPD ipambane mayeso omwe atchulidwira 25kA 10 / 350μs, amayenera kuyesedwa ndi "osachepera" 625kA 8 / 20μs. Kodi pali amene amadziwa komwe Dr. Hasse abwera ndi izi?

Zomwe Hasse ali nazo pazolondola pazandale tsopano zachoka pa 10 mpaka 30 mpaka zero. Kenako mpaka 25 ndipo tsopano mpaka "osachepera 25." (onani tsamba loyambilira la nkhanizi.) Tikuganiza kuti munganene kuti Dr. Hasse anali kukonda chinthu chofanana asanakhaleko komanso pambuyo pake ... Anapanganso tchati chatsopano chowunikira m'buku la 2010. Mutha kuziwona apa kumanja. Ndani akudziwa, ngati wina sachitapo kanthu mwachangu, zikuwoneka kuti nthawi ina mukadzawona zidzalembedwanso mu mndandanda wa IEC 62305 Series.

Campaign Campaign ikupitilira

Ntchito yazaka 30 ya Dehn ndi Sohne yolimbikitsa mawonekedwe a 10/350 ikupitilizabe mpaka pano. Mawu otsatirawa ochokera patsamba la Dehn mu Ogasiti 2013 akukana lingaliro lililonse lofanana. Imati: "DEHN ikukhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuyesa ndi mawonekedwe enieni a 10/350 μs ... kuyesa kokha ndi 10/350 μs waveform kumayimiradi magwiridwe antchito achitetezo kumawombedwe owala molunjika."

mtima

Ngati aliyense atenga izi "mwayekha" chonde vomerezani kuti tsambali siliyenera kukhala lochitira munthu kapena kampani. Cholinga chake ndikungosintha chitetezo chamagetsi. Ndipo ngakhale zingafune kulimba mtima kuti muyimirire ndikuyankhula, zimatengera kulimba mtima kuti mukhale pansi ndikumvetsera.

WAVEFORM 10/350 - Nkhani yonse
Pali zoposa 10/350 kuposa 10 ndi 350

Tchati cha "Hasse 10/350 waveform Chart" chomwe chikuwonetsedwa kwina mutha kuwona magawo awiri a siginecha ya 10/350 yosindikizidwa mu pinki: T1 = 10μs ndi T2 = 350μs. Koma "10/350 waveform" nthawi zonse imakhala yopanda tanthauzo. Onaninso pa Tchati cha Hasse ndipo muwona kuti ikuphatikiza magawo ena atatu (owonetsedwa achikaso): Peak current = 200 kA; Kulipiritsa (Q) = 100 nkhuku; ndi W / R = 10MJ / Ω.

Kwa zaka zopitilira 30 "10/350 waveform" nthawi zonse inali mgwirizano wamaphukusi. Nthawi zonse zimaphatikizapo magawo asanu. Ndipo mtengo wa pachimake chamakono (kA) nthawi zonse unkakhala kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo wamalipiro (coulombs). Chifukwa chiyani? Mwinamwake chifukwa magawo onse asanuwo amafunikira kuti azitseka-poteteza omwe akuteteza? Wowerenga amatha kusankha. Pakadali pano, lipoti la CIGRE 5 silikutsimikizira kuti izi zingachitike kapena ubale uliwonse pakati pa magawo.

Pansipa muli ndi Gome kuchokera ku IEC yapadziko lonse lapansi Mphezi Yapadziko Lonse (IEC 62305-1). Awa ndi maziko omwe mulingo wonse wotetezera mphezi umamangidwa. Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka bwino? (Sungani mbewa yanu pamwamba pake kuti muwone komwe magawo ake amachokera.)

Mwanawankhosa ndi nkhandwe.

CIGRE's 2013 technical Brochure 549 yafotokoza momveka bwino kuti CIGRE sangathenso kuimbidwa mlandu pazomwe zawonetsedwa pamwambapa, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a 10/350 omwewo. Kodi mukukumbukira nthano ya mwanawankhosa ndi nkhandwe? Pansi pa ubweya wa miyezo yoteteza mphezi ya IEC 62305 mudzapeza chikopa ndi zikhadabo za Dr. Peter Hasse.

Yakwana nthawi yoti gulu loteteza mphezi padziko lonse lapansi liyang'ane izi ndikuchotsa kugwiritsa ntchito magawo onse pamiyeso.

Mikangano ya Chidwi ndi Kuyankha

Sitipanga mlandu uliwonse wosachita bwino. Sitifunikira kutero. Timangonena zomwe zidachitika. Ngakhale pakadakhala kuti pali cholakwika, zikadakhululukidwa kale ndi malamulo oyenera. Ndikofunika m'tsogolo, osati zakale.

Kusamvana kwa chidwi

Ndizovuta kuti tisaganizire za kusamvana komwe kungachitike mu izi. Kodi zinali bwino kuti Managing Director wa bizinesi yamalonda monga Dehn ndi Sohne, azipanga zida masana pomwe, usiku, poganiza kuti ali ndi mphamvu pamakomiti azikhalidwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti atha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawozo?

Komiti Yadziko Lonse ya CIGRE imagwiritsa ntchito Ethics Program mosagwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda pake pamakhalidwe otere: "Malamulo a Komiti Yadziko Lonse ku United States amafuna kuti mamembala onse azipewa kusamvana kwenikweni. Kusamvana kwenikweni ndi chidwi chazokha chomwe chingapangitse wopenyerera kuti aganizire kuti munthu amene akuchita bizinesi ya US National Committee sangapange chisankho mopanda tsankho, kupereka… upangiri wosakondera, kuweruza pawokha, kapena kukhala ndi cholinga pokhudzana ndi… . Kusamvana komwe kumawoneka ngati komwe kumachitika kumawoneka pomwe zofuna za ena zingapangitse munthu wodziyimira payekha kukayikira ngati munthu yemwe akuchita bizinesi m'malo mwa Komiti Yadziko Lonse ku United States atha kuchita bwino izi. ”

Ngakhale kuzindikira kuti makomiti amayezo amayenera kudalira kuthandizidwa ndi mabizinesi kuti agwire ntchito yawo, zikuwoneka kuti mtundu wina woyang'anira kapena ntchito yoyang'anira ikusowa kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Kuyankha

Ngati mudayamba mwawerengapo muyeso wa IEC nthawi yomweyo mudzawona machitidwe omwe angatsimikizire kulimbikitsa kusowa kwaudindo komanso kusayankha mlandu kwa olemba miyezo. Tikunena kuti mfundo za IEC sizikuwonetsa omwe adazilemba.

Aliyense amene angalembere muyezo, mayina awo ayenera akhale pamenepo kuti adzayimbidwe mlandu ngati vuto litapezeka penapake pamsewu. Osati dzina lokha. Kwa izi kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuyanjana kwa munthuyo ndi omwe akumulipira kuti azipezeka pamisonkhano. Kulumikizana kulikonse komwe kungabisike kuyenera kupanga wolemba wamba kukhala woyenera kubungwe lamilandu komanso / kapena milandu.