Njira Yowonjezera Mphamvu (TN-C, TN-S, TN-CS, TT, IT)
Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi ndikumanga magawo atatu a waya ndi magawo atatu a waya ndi zina, koma tanthauzo la mawuwa silovuta kwenikweni. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) yakhazikitsa njira zofananira za izi, ndipo amatchedwa TT system, TN system, ndi IT system. Njira ya TN yomwe imagawidwa mu dongosolo la TN-C, TN-S, TN-CS. Otsatirawa ndi oyamba mwachidule pamagetsi osiyanasiyana.
dongosolo lamagetsi
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera ndi matanthauzidwe ofotokozedwa ndi IEC, njira zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri zimagawika m'magulu atatu malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, monga TT, TN, ndi IT, ndipo amafotokozedwa motere.
Njira yamagetsi ya TN-C
Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi ya TN-C imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopanda mbali ngati chingwe chotetezera zero, chomwe chitha kutchedwa chitetezo ndale ndipo chitha kuyimilidwa ndi PEN.
Njira yamagetsi ya TN-CS
Pakupereka mphamvu kwakanthawi kachitidwe ka TN-CS, ngati gawo lakumbuyo likuyendetsedwa ndi njira ya TN-C, ndipo nambala ya zomangamanga ikunena kuti malo omangapo akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a TN-S, bokosi logawa lonse litha kukhala ogawanika kumbuyo kwa dongosolo. Kuchokera pamzere wa PE, mawonekedwe a dongosolo la TN-CS ndi awa.
1) Ntchito zero mzere N imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzere wapadera wa chitetezo PE. Pakadali pano mzere wopanda malire wa mzere ndi waukulu, chitetezo cha zero cha zida zamagetsi chimakhudzidwa ndi kuthekera kwa mzere wa zero. Dongosolo la TN-CS limatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagalimoto oyenda pansi, koma silingathe kuthetseratu magetsiwa. Kukula kwa voliyumu iyi kumadalira kuchepa kwa katundu kwa waya ndi kutalika kwa mzerewu. Katunduyu akamachulukirachulukira komanso kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali, kumawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi yanyumbayo pansi. Chifukwa chake, zimafunikira kuti kuperewera kwa zinthu pakali pano sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, ndikuti mzere wa PE uyenera kukhazikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza.
2) Mzere wa PE sungalowe m'malo otetezera mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chifukwa choteteza kutayikira kumapeto kwa mzere kupangitsa kuti woteteza kutayikira kutsogolo akhumudwe ndikupangitsa kuti magetsi alephereke kwambiri.
3) Kuphatikiza pa mzere wa PE uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi N mzere mu bokosi lonse, mzere wa N ndi mzere wa PE siziyenera kulumikizidwa muzipinda zina. Palibe ma swichi ndi mafyuzi omwe adzaikidwe pa mzere wa PE, ndipo palibe dziko lapansi lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati PE. mzere.
Kudzera pakuwunika pamwambapa, makina amtundu wa TN-CS amasinthidwa kwakanthawi pamakina a TN-C. Gawo lamagetsi lamagawo atatu likakhala pamalo abwino ogwirira ntchito ndipo magawo atatuwo amakhala olongosoka, mphamvu ya TN-CS pakumanga magetsi imagwirabe ntchito. Komabe, pakakhala kuchuluka kwa magawo atatu osasunthika komanso chosinthira magetsi podzikongoletsera, njira yamagetsi ya TN-S iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yamagetsi ya TN-S
Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi ya TN-S ndi njira yamagetsi yomwe imasiyanitsa anthu osagwira nawo ntchito N kuchokera ku mzere wodzitetezera wa PE. Imatchedwa dongosolo lamagetsi la TN-S. Makhalidwe amagetsi a TN-S ndi awa.
1) Pamene dongosololi likuyenda mwachizolowezi, palibe chilichonse pamzere wodzipereka, koma pali zovuta zina pazero logwira ntchito. Palibe magetsi pamzere wa PE mpaka pansi, motero kutetezedwa kwa zero kwa chipolopolo chachitsulo zamagetsi kumalumikizidwa ndi mzere wapadera woteteza PE, womwe ndiwodalirika komanso wodalirika.
2) Mzere wogwira ntchito wosagwiritsidwa ntchito umangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo loyatsa magetsi.
3) Chingwe chapadera choteteza PE sichiloledwa kuphwanya mzere, komanso sichingalole lophimba kutayikira.
4) Ngati pulogalamu yoteteza kutayikira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mzere wa L, mzere wogwirira ntchito sayenera kukhazikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo mzere wa PE wabwerezabwereza, koma sumadutsa woteteza kutayikira kwapadziko lapansi, kotero kuti woteteza kutayikira amathanso kukhazikitsidwa pamagetsi amtundu wa TN-S L mzere.
5) Makina amagetsi a TN-S ndiotetezeka komanso odalirika, oyenera magetsi ochepa monga nyumba zamafakitale ndi zomangamanga. Makina opangira magetsi a TN-S ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ntchito yomanga isanayambe.
TT magetsi dongosolo
Njira ya TT imatanthawuza njira yotetezera yomwe imayika nyumba zachitsulo zamagetsi, zomwe zimatchedwa chitetezo choteteza padziko lapansi, chomwe chimatchedwanso dongosolo la TT. Chizindikiro choyamba T chikuwonetsa kuti mfundo yopanda mbali yamagetsi ndiyokhazikika; chizindikiro chachiwiri T chikuwonetsa kuti gawo loyendetsa la katundu lomwe silikupezeka mthupi limalumikizidwa mwachindunji pansi, mosasamala kanthu momwe dongosololi lakhazikikidwira. Kutsitsa konse kwa katundu mu TT kumatchedwa kuteteza nthaka. Makhalidwe adongosolo lamagetsi ndi awa.
1) Chitsulo chachitsulo chamagetsi chikaperekedwa (gawo lachigawo limakhudza chipolopolo kapena kutchinjiriza kwa zida zawonongeka ndikutuluka), chitetezo chokhazikitsa chingachepetse chiopsezo chamagetsi. Komabe, ma breakers oyenda pamagetsi otsika (osintha modzidzimutsa) samachita kupunthwa, kupangitsa kuti mpweya wonyowoka wapansi wazida zodutsidwazo ukhale wapamwamba kuposa magetsi otetezeka, omwe ndi magetsi owopsa.
2) Pamene kutayikira pakadali pano kuli kocheperako, ngakhale fuseti sitha kuwomba. Chifukwa chake, woteteza kutayikira amafunikanso kuti mutetezedwe. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la TT ndilovuta kufalitsa.
3) Chida chokhazikitsira dongosolo la TT chimagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chambiri, ndipo ndizovuta kukonzanso, nthawi, ndi zida.
Pakadali pano, magulu ena omanga amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya TT. Ntchito yomanga ikabwereka magetsi kuti agwiritse ntchito magetsi kwakanthawi, chingwe chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyikira.
Patulani mzere wa chitetezo chaposachedwa wa PE kuchokera pa mzere wogwira N, womwe umadziwika ndi:
1 Palibe kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa mzere wamba ndi chingwe chosagwira ntchito;
2 Pachizolowezi, mzere wothandizira zero ukhoza kukhala ndi pano, ndipo chingwe chapadera choteteza chilibe;
3 Njira ya TT ndiyoyenera malo omwe chitetezo chamtunda chimabalalika kwambiri.
Njira yamagetsi yama TN
Njira zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamtundu wa TN Mtundu wamtunduwu wamagetsi ndi chitetezo chomwe chimalumikiza nyumba zachitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi waya wopanda mbali. Imatchedwa zero zero system ndipo imayimilidwa ndi TN. Makhalidwe ake ndi awa.
1) Chipangizocho chikapatsidwa mphamvu, chitetezo chodutsa zero chimatha kukulitsa kutayikira kwanthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano ndi kakulidwe kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa momwe dongosolo la TT limakhalira. Kwenikweni, ndi gawo limodzi lokhazikika kwakanthawi ndipo fuse ya fuseyo iphulika. Gawo loyendetsa bwalo lamagetsi otsika kwambiri limayenda ndikudumphadumpha, ndikupangitsa kuti chida cholakwika chizichotsedwa ndikutetezeka.
2) Dongosolo la TN limasunga zinthu zakuthupi ndi maola a munthu ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri ndi m'maiko aku China. Zikuwonetsa kuti dongosolo la TT lili ndi maubwino ambiri. Mu njira yamagetsi yamagetsi ya TN, imagawidwa mu TN-C ndi TN-S kutengera kuti zero zero yachitetezo yalekanitsidwa ndi mzere wa zero wogwira ntchito.
mfundo:
Mumachitidwe a TN, magawo owonekera azida zamagetsi onse amalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chotetezera ndikulumikizidwa mpaka pansi pamagetsi. Nthaka imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda ndale pakufalitsa mphamvu. Makina amagetsi a dongosolo la TN ali ndi mfundo imodzi yomwe imakhazikika mwachindunji. Gawo lowonekera lamagetsi lamagetsi limalumikizidwa mpaka pano kudzera pa wochititsa woteteza. Njira ya TN nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda mbali zitatu. Chikhalidwe chake ndikuti gawo lowonekera lazida zamagetsi limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi maziko a dongosololi. Pakachitika kanthawi kochepa, kanthawi kochepa kamakhala kotsekedwa kopangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo. Dera lalifupi lalifupi lazitsulo limapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yayifupi yokwanira kuti chida chotetezera chizichita moyenera kuchotsa vutolo. Ngati chingwe chosagwira ntchito (N) chimakhazikika mobwerezabwereza, pomwe mlanduwo wafupikitsidwa, gawo lazomwe zingasinthidwe kupita kumalo obwerezedwabwerezedwa, omwe angapangitse kuti chitetezo chikulephera kugwira ntchito moyenera kapena kupewa kulephera, potero kukulitsa vuto. Munthawi ya TN, ndiye kuti, waya wama waya atatu, N-mzere ndi mzere wa PE zimayikidwa padera ndikuzikongoletsa, ndipo mzere wa PE umalumikizidwa ndi nyumba yamagetsi m'malo mwa mzere wa N. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe timasamala ndi kuthekera kwa waya wa PE, osati kuthekera kwa waya wa N, kubwereza mobwerezabwereza mu dongosolo la TN-S sikubwezeretsa mobwerezabwereza kwa waya wa N. Ngati mzere wa PE ndi N mzere wakhazikika palimodzi, chifukwa mzere wa PE ndi N mzere amalumikizidwa pamalo obwereza mobwerezabwereza, mzere pakati pa malo obwereza mobwerezabwereza ndi malo ogwira ntchito osinthira ogawa alibe kusiyana pakati pa mzere wa PE ndi mzere wa N. Mzere woyambirira ndi N mzere. Zomwe sizilowerera ndale zomwe zimaganiziridwa zimagawidwa ndi N mzere ndi mzere wa PE, ndipo gawo lina lamasiku ano limasunthidwa kudzera pamiyeso yabwereza. Chifukwa zitha kuganiziridwa kuti palibe mzere wa PE kutsogolo kwa malo obwerezabwereza, mzere wa PEN wokha wokhala ndi mzere woyambirira wa PE ndi N mzere mofananamo, zabwino za dongosolo loyambirira la TN-S zidzatayika, kotero mzere wa PE ndi N mzere sangakhale Common grounding. Chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi, zafotokozedwa momveka bwino m'malamulo oyenera kuti mzere wosalowerera ndale (mwachitsanzo N line) sayenera kukhazikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza kupatula komwe kulowera magetsi.
Njira ya IT
Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ya IT ndikuwonetsa kuti mbali yamagetsi ilibe malo ogwirira ntchito, kapena yokhazikika pamtunda waukulu. Kalata yachiwiri T ikuwonetsa kuti mbali yamagetsi yamagetsi ili pansi.
Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ya IT imakhala yodalirika kwambiri komanso chitetezo chabwino pomwe mtunda wamagetsi siutali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe magetsi samaloledwa, kapena malo omwe pamafunika magetsi mosalekeza, monga kupanga magetsi, zipinda zogwirira ntchito muzipatala zazikulu, ndi migodi yapansi panthaka. Mphamvu zamagetsi m'migodi yapansi panthaka ndizosauka ndipo zingwe zimatha kugwira chinyezi. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendera mphamvu ya IT, ngakhale mphamvu yopanda kuloza magetsi siyikhala pansi, chipangizocho chikadontha, zomwe zatayikira pakadali pano ndizocheperako ndipo sizingawononge mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ndiotetezeka kuposa njira yokhazikitsira magetsi. Komabe, ngati magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mtunda wautali, mphamvu yogawira magetsi padziko lapansi siyinganyalanyazidwe. Vuto lakanthawi kochepa kapena kutayikira kwa katundu kumapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chikhale chamoyo, kutayikira kwamtunduwu kumadzera dziko lapansi ndipo chida chachitetezo sichidzachitapo kanthu. Izi ndizowopsa. Pokhapokha ngati kutalika kwa magetsi sikutalika kwambiri kumakhala kotetezeka. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamtunduwu ndiyosowa pamalowo.
Tanthauzo la zilembo I, T, N, C, S
1) Mwa chizindikiro cha njira yamagetsi yokhazikitsidwa ndi International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), kalata yoyamba ikuyimira ubale wapakati pamagetsi (magetsi) ndi nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, T ikuwonetsa kuti mfundo yosalowerera ndale ndiyokhazikika; Ndikuwonetsa kuti magetsi akutalikirana ndi nthaka kapena kuti gawo limodzi lamagetsi limalumikizidwa ndi nthaka kudzera pa impedance yayikulu (mwachitsanzo, 1000 Ω;) (Ndine kalata yoyamba ya liwu lachifalansa Kutsekedwa kwa mawuwo "kudzipatula").
2) Kalata yachiwiri ikuwonetsa chida chamagetsi chomwe chimawonekera pansi. Mwachitsanzo, T amatanthauza kuti chipolopolocho chimakhazikika. Ilibe ubale wachindunji ndi mfundo zina zilizonse zadongosolo. N zikutanthauza kuti katunduyo amatetezedwa ndi zero.
3) Kalata yachitatu ikuwonetsa kuphatikiza kwa zero yogwira komanso mzere woteteza. Mwachitsanzo, C ikuwonetsa kuti mzere wosagwira nawo ntchito komanso chingwe choteteza ndi chimodzi, monga TN-C; S ikuwonetsa kuti mzere wosagwira ntchito komanso mzere wachitetezo umasiyanitsidwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa chake mzere wa PE umatchedwa chingwe chodzipereka, monga TN-S.
Pamagetsi amagetsi, makina ochezera pansi ndi njira yachitetezo yomwe imateteza moyo wamunthu komanso zida zamagetsi. Momwe makina aku earthing amasiyanirana dziko ndi dziko, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma earthing pomwe mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi ya PV imayikirabe. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kuwunika madera osiyanasiyana malinga ndi muyezo wa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) komanso momwe zimakhudzira kapangidwe kake ka makina a Grid-Connected PV.
Cholinga cha Earthing
Machitidwe a Earthing amapereka ntchito zachitetezo popereka kuyika kwa magetsi ndi njira yotsika kwambiri yolakwitsa zolakwika zilizonse zamagetsi zamagetsi. Earthing imagwiranso ntchito ngati cholozera cha magetsi ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakwaniritsidwa pakulowetsa ma elekitirodi mu nthaka yolimba ndikulumikiza maelekitirodiwo kuzipangizo pogwiritsa ntchito kondakitala. Pali malingaliro awiri omwe angapangidwe pazomwe zingachitike padziko lapansi:
1. Kuthekera kwa dziko lapansi kumangokhala malo osasunthika (mwachitsanzo, zero volts) pazinthu zolumikizidwa. Mwakutero, wowongolera aliyense wolumikizidwa ndi ma elekitirodi oyenda pansi adzakhalanso ndi mwayi womwewo.
2. Makondakitala azitsulo zokhala ndi zotchingira pansi ndi nthaka zimapereka njira yotsikira pansi.
Zotetezera Earthing
Earthing yodzitchinjiriza ndikukhazikitsa oyendetsa pansi omwe akukonzedwa kuti achepetse mwayi wovulala pamavuto amagetsi m'dongosolo. Pakakhala vuto, zida zachitsulo zosakhalapo monga mafelemu, kuchinga ndi zotsekera zina ndi zina zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu padziko lapansi ngati sizinaikidwe. Ngati munthu angalumikizane ndi zida m'mikhalidwe yotere, amalandira mantha amagetsi.
Ngati magawo azitsulo alumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi loteteza, vuto lamakono lidzadutsa padziko lapansi ndikuwongolera ndi zida zachitetezo, zomwe zimasiyanitsa dera.
Kuteteza nthaka kungapezeke mwa:
- Kuyika makina otetezera nthaka pomwe magawo ake amalumikizidwa ndi zosavomerezeka zomwe zimagawidwa kudzera pama conductor.
- Kuyika zida zotetezera zaposachedwa kwambiri kapena zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa munthawiyo ndikukhudza malire amagetsi.
Woteteza panthaka akuyenera kunyamula zolakwika zomwe zingachitike pakanthawi kofanana kapena kuposa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chida choteteza.
Zogwirira Ntchito Earthing
Pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka, zida zonse zamoyo (mwina '+' kapena '-') zitha kulumikizidwa ndi nthaka kuti cholinga chake chikhale cholozera chololeza kugwira ntchito moyenera. Makondakitala sanapangidwe kuti azitha kupirira mavuto. Malinga ndi AS / NZS5033: 2014, nthaka yolimbitsa thupi imaloledwa pokhapokha pakakhala kupatukana kosavuta pakati pa mbali za DC ndi AC (mwachitsanzo, chosinthira) mkati mwa chosinthira.
Mitundu yakukonzekera kwapadziko lapansi
Kukhazikitsa kwa Ear Ear kumatha kusinthidwa mosiyanasiyana pagawo lazopezera ndi katundu kwinaku mukupeza zotsatira zomwezo. Mulingo wapadziko lonse IEC 60364 (Kuyika Zamagetsi kwa Zomangamanga) umazindikiritsa mabanja atatu apadziko lapansi, omwe amafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso cha malembo awiri a 'XY'. Potengera machitidwe a AC, 'X' amatanthauzira kasinthidwe ka omwe sachita nawo ndale komanso oyendetsa padziko lapansi mbali yogwiritsira ntchito (ie jenereta / thiransifoma), ndipo 'Y' amatanthauzira kusalowerera ndale / dziko lapansi pamtundu wa katundu (ie bolodi yayikulu ndi katundu wolumikizidwa). 'X' ndi 'Y' aliyense angathe kutsatira izi:
T - Earth (kuchokera ku French 'Terre')
N - Kusalowerera ndale
I - Wakutali
Ndipo ma subsets amachitidwe awa amatha kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundozi:
S - Patulani
C - Ophatikiza
Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, mabanja atatu apadziko lapansi omwe amafotokozedwa mu IEC 60364 ndi TN, pomwe magetsi amawululidwa ndipo katundu wa kasitomala amawerengedwa mosalowerera ndale, TT, pomwe magetsi ndi katundu wa kasitomala amadzipukutira payokha, ndi IT, pomwe makasitomala okhawo amadzaza iwo anafa.
TN dongosolo lapansi
Mfundo imodzi pambali yoyambira (nthawi zambiri malo osalozera nawo mbali yolumikizidwa ndi nyenyezi magawo atatu) imalumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Zipangizo zamagetsi zilizonse zolumikizidwa ndi makinawa zimadulidwa kudzera pamalo olumikizira omwewo mbali yoyambira. Mitundu yamtunduwu ikufuna ma elekitirodi apadziko lapansi nthawi zonse nthawi zonse.
Banja la TN lili ndi ma seti atatu, omwe amasiyanasiyana potengera kusiyanitsa / kuphatikiza kwapadziko lapansi komanso otsogolera osalowerera ndale.
TN-S: TN-S imalongosola makonzedwe pomwe olekanitsa apadera a Earth Protective (PE) ndi Neutral amayendetsedwa ndi katundu wambiri kuchokera kumagwiritsidwe amagetsi (mwachitsanzo jenereta kapena thiransifoma). Makondakitala a PE ndi N apatulidwa pafupifupi mbali zonse zadongosolo ndipo amangolumikizidwa palimodzi palokha. Mitundu yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogula akulu omwe ali ndi chosinthira chimodzi kapena zingapo za HV / LV zomwe zimayikidwa pakukhazikitsa kwawo, zomwe zimayikidwa moyandikana kapena mkati mwa kasitomala.
Fanizo 1 - TN-S System
TN-C: TN-C imalongosola makonzedwe pomwe Earth Protocol Earth-Neutral (PEN) yolumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi komwe ili. Mitundu yamtunduwu siigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Australia chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha moto m'malo owopsa komanso chifukwa cha mitsinje ya harmoniki yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosayenera zida zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi IEC 60364-4-41 - (Chitetezo cha chitetezo- Chitetezo pamagetsi), RCD siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu dongosolo la TN-C.
Fanizo 2 - TN-C System
TN-CS: TN-CS imatanthawuza kukhazikitsidwa komwe mbali yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamuyo imagwiritsa ntchito conductor PEN poyika pansi, ndipo mbali yonyamula dongosololi imagwiritsa ntchito kondakitala wosiyana wa PE ndi N. Mtundu uwu wa nthaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugawana ku Australia ndi New Zealand ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa `` ndale '' (MEN) angapo. Kwa kasitomala wa LV, dongosolo la TN-C limayikidwa pakati pa malo osinthira ndi malo, (osalowerera ndale amafafanizidwa kangapo m'chigawo chino), ndipo dongosolo la TN-S limagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa malo omwewo (kuchokera ku Main switchchboard kutsika ). Mukamaganizira za dongosololi, limayang'aniridwa ngati TN-CS.
Fanizo lachitatu - TN-CS System
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi IEC 60364-4-41 - (Chitetezo chachitetezo- Chitetezo pamagetsi), pomwe RCD imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo la TN-CS, woyendetsa PEN sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mbali yonyamula. Kulumikizana kwa wotsogolera woteteza kwa wochititsa PEN kuyenera kupangidwa pagwero la RCD.
TT dongosolo lapansi
Ndikusintha kwa TT, ogula amagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwawo kwapadziko lapansi, komwe sikungalumikizidwe ndi kulumikizana kulikonse kwapadziko loyambira. Nthaka yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe omwe amagawana maukonde othandizira (DNSP) sangatsimikizire kulumikizidwa kwa magetsi otsika kumagetsi. TT earthing inali yodziwika ku Australia isanafike 1980 ndipo imagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'malo ena mdziko muno.
Ndi makina apadziko lapansi a TT, RCD imafunikira pama circuits onse amagetsi a AC kuti atetezedwe bwino.
Malinga ndi IEC 60364-4-41, magawo onse owonekera omwe amatetezedwa palimodzi ndi chida chomwecho chotetezera adzalumikizidwa ndi otsogolera oteteza ku maelekitirodi apadziko lapansi omwe amapezeka mbali zonsezo.
Fanizo lachinayi - TT System
Dongosolo lokhazikika
M'makonzedwe apadziko lapansi a IT, mwina palibe nthaka yomwe ingaperekedwe, kapena imachitika kudzera kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwa impedance. Nthaka yamtunduwu sichigwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa maukonde koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'malo amalo ndi makina odziyimira pawokha omwe amaperekedwa ndi jenereta. Machitidwewa amatha kupereka kupitiliza kwabwino pantchito.
Mkuyu 5 - IT System
Zotsatira zakuyenda kwa PV
Mtundu wa nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko lililonse idzauza mtundu wa mapangidwe apadziko lapansi omwe amafunikira makina a Grid-Connected PV; Machitidwe a PV amachitidwa ngati jenereta (kapena gwero loyambira) ndipo amafunika kuwululidwa motere.
Mwachitsanzo, mayiko omwe akugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa TT wokonza nthaka adzafuna dzenje losiyanitsa mbali zonse za DC ndi AC chifukwa chadongosolo lapansi. Poyerekeza, mdziko momwe TN-CS imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira nthaka, kungolumikiza dongosolo la PV kupita ku bar yolimba kwambiri pa switchboard ndikwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira padziko lapansi.
Makina osiyanasiyana apadziko lapansi alipo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kumvetsetsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma Earth kumatsimikizira kuti makina a PV amakodzedwa moyenera.
