Zofunikira Pakukhazikitsa Zamagetsi, IET Wiring Regulations, Eighteenth Edition, BS 7671: 2018

Zipangizo zodzitchinjiriza (SPDs) ndi 18th Edition Regulations

Kufika kwa 18th Edition ya IET Wiring Regulations kumapangitsanso mawonekedwe owongolera amakontrakitala amagetsi. Zipangizo zotetezera (SPDs) zimapangidwa kuti zisawonongeke magetsi ndikukhala ndi magetsi ochulukirapo omwe akuwononga zomangamanga.

Zolemba za 18th zofunika kutetezedwa kwambiri

Kubwera kwa 18th Edition ya IET Wiring Regulations kumapangitsanso mawonekedwe owongolera amakontrakitala amagetsi. Madera angapo ofunikira awunikidwa ndikuwunikiridwa; Zina mwazo ndi nkhani yachitetezo chazida ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse zovuta zilizonse zamagetsi. Zipangizo zotetezera (SPDs) zimapangidwa kuti zisawonongeke zamagetsi ndikukhala ndi magetsi ochulukirapo omwe akuwononga zomangamanga. Chochitika chokwanira pamagetsi chikachitika, SPD imasinthitsa zomwe zikuyenda pakadali pano ku Earth.

Lamulo 443.4 limafunikira, (kupatulapo kwa nyumba zokhazokha zomwe mtengo wake wonse pakukhazikitsa ndi zida zake sizikutsimikizira chitetezo choterocho), chitetezo chazomwe zimachitika pakanthawi kochepa chimaperekedwa komwe zotsatira zake chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamagetsi zitha kuvulaza kwambiri, kuwononga malo osavomerezeka pachikhalidwe, kusokonezedwa kwa kupezeka kapena kukhudza anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa moyo.

Kodi chitetezo choyenera chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa liti?

Pazinthu zina zonse kuyesa kuwunika kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti muwone ngati ma SPD akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Pomwe kuyesa kwa chiopsezo sikuchitika, ndiye kuti ma SPD akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi m'nyumba zokhazokha sikofunikira kuti ma SPD akhazikitsidwe, koma kugwiritsa ntchito sikukulephereka ndipo mwina ndikamakambirana ndi kasitomala zida zoterezi zimayikidwa, kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa chakumapeto kwakanthawi.

Izi ndichinthu chomwe makontrakitala sanaganizirepo pamlingo waukulu, ndipo chidzafunika kuganiziridwa, pokhudzana ndi nthawi yomwe ikwaniritsidwa kumaliza ntchito komanso zowonjezera mtengo kwa kasitomala. Zipangizo zilizonse zamagetsi zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo chothothoka kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zochitika za mphezi kapena kusintha kosintha. Izi zimapangitsa kukwera kwamagetsi kukulitsa kukula kwa mafunde mpaka ma volts masauzande angapo. Izi zitha kuwononga mtengo komanso kuwononga nthawi yomweyo kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi moyo wazida.

Kufunika kwa ma SPD kumadalira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa nyumba paziwonetsero zamphamvu zamagetsi, chidwi ndi kufunika kwa zida, mtundu wazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa, komanso ngati pali zida zilizonse pakukhazikitsa zomwe zingapangitse kuti magetsi azitha. Ngakhale kusintha kwa udindo wowunika zoopsa zomwe zikugwera kontrakitala kuyenera kudabwitsa ambiri, mwa kupeza chithandizo choyenera atha kuphatikizira ntchitoyi mosadukiza ndikuonetsetsa kuti akutsatira malamulo atsopanowo.

Zida Zachitetezo za LSP Surge

LSP ili ndi zida zingapo zantchito zoteteza mtundu wa 1 ndi 2 kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukutsatira Malamulo a 18th Edition. Kuti mumve zambiri za ma SPD ndi maulendo a LSP Electrical: www.LSP-internationa.com

Pitani Kope la 18th BS 7671: 2018 maupangiri aulere, otsitsa pamasinthidwe ofunikira a BS 76:71. Kuphatikizapo zambiri pa RCD Selection, Arc Fault Detection, Cable Management, Electric Vehicle charging, and Surge Protection. Tsitsani malangizo awa molunjika ku chida chilichonse kuti muwawerenge nthawi iliyonse komanso kulikonse.

Zofunikira Pakukhazikitsa Zamagetsi, IET Wiring Regulations, Eighteenth Edition, BS 7671: 2018

Malamulo a IET Wiring ndiosangalatsa kwa onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukonza zingwe zamagetsi munyumba. Izi zikuphatikiza akatswiri zamagetsi, makontrakitala amagetsi, alangizi, oyang'anira maboma, oyesa ndi omanga mapulani. Bukuli lithandizanso akatswiri akatswiri, komanso ophunzira ku yunivesite komanso m'makoleji opitilira maphunziro.

Magazini ya 18th ya IET Wiring Regulations yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Julayi 2018 ndipo idayamba kugwira ntchito mu Januware 2019. Zosintha kuchokera pamasamba am'mbuyomu zikuphatikiza zofunikira za Surge Protection Devices, Arc Fault Detection Devices ndikukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi komanso madera ena ambiri .

Kodi Edition ya 18 isintha bwanji tsiku ndi tsiku kwa omwe amaika magetsi?

Magazini ya 18th ya malamulo a IET Wiring yafika, ikubweretsa zinthu zingapo zatsopano kwa omwe amaika magetsi kuti azindikire ndikupanga gawo lawo tsiku ndi tsiku.

Tsopano tatsala ndi mwezi umodzi ndikusintha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yamagetsi kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi zonse zomwe zikupezeka. Kuyambira Januware 1st 2019 kuyika kuyenera kutsatira kwathunthu malamulo atsopano, kutanthauza kuti ntchito yamagetsi yonse yomwe imachitika kuyambira Disembala 31st 2018 iyenera kutsatira malamulo atsopano.

Mogwirizana ndi kupita patsogolo kwamatekinoloje ndikusintha kwaukadaulo waukadaulo, malamulo atsopanowa cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti makhazikitsidwe akhale otetezeka kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi komanso ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto, komanso mphamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Zosintha zonse ndizofunikira, komabe tapeza mfundo zinayi zofunika zomwe tikuganiza kuti ndizosangalatsa:

1: Chingwe Chingwe Chothandizira

Malamulo pakadali pano akufotokoza kuti chingwe chokhacho chomwe chili pamisewu yopulumukira pamoto chiyenera kuthandizidwa kuti isagwe msanga pakabuka moto. Malamulo atsopanowa tsopano akufuna kuti kukonzedwa kwazitsulo, osati kwapulasitiki, kugwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira zingwe zonse kupitilira makhazikitsidwe, kuti achepetse chiwopsezo kwa omwe akukhala kapena ozimitsa moto kuchokera kuzingwe zogwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chingwe.

2: Kukhazikitsa kwa Arc Fault Detection Devices

Poganizira kuti nyumba zaku UK tsopano zili ndi zida zamagetsi zambiri kuposa kale, ndipo moto wamagetsi ukuchitika pafupifupi chaka ndi chaka, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs) kuti ichepetse chiopsezo pamoto m'mabwalo ena anayambitsa.

Moto wamagetsi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zolakwika za arc nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osavomerezeka, kulumikizana kotayirira, ngakhale kutchinjiriza kwakale komanso kolephera kapena chingwe chowonongeka. Ma AFDD ovutawa amachepetsa mwayi wamoto wamagetsi chifukwa cha ma arcs pozindikira koyambirira komanso kudzipatula.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa AFDDs kudayamba ku US zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo moto wocheperako wachepetsedwa pafupifupi 10%.

Zitsulo zonse za AC zovoteledwa mpaka 3A tsopano zimafunikira chitetezo cha RCD

Residual Current Devices (RCDs) amayang'anitsitsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'masekete omwe amateteza ndikuchezera dera likadutsa njira yosakonzekera kupita kudziko lapansi-monga munthu.

Izi ndi zida zotetezera moyo ndipo mwina ndizopulumutsa moyo. M'mbuyomu, masokosi onse mpaka 20A amafunikira chitetezo cha RCD, koma izi zawonjezeredwa pofuna kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo okhala ndi AC amoyo. Idzatetezanso wogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwake pomwe chingwe chimawonongeka kapena kudula ndipo otsogolera amoyo atha kukhudzidwa mwangozi, ndikupangitsa kuti tsopano liziyenda pansi.

Pofuna kuti RCD isagwedezeke ndi mawonekedwe apano, komabe, ayenera kusamalidwa kuti RCD yoyenera igwiritsidwe ntchito.

4: Mphamvu zamagetsi

Zomwe zinalembedwa mu 18th Edition zinali ndi gawo lonena za mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. M'mawu omaliza omwe adasindikizidwa, izi zasinthidwa kukhala malingaliro athunthu, opezeka mu Zakumapeto 17. Izi zikuzindikira kufunikira kwakuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi mdziko lonse.

Malangizo atsopanowa akutilimbikitsa kuti tigwiritse ntchito magetsi moyenera, moyenera.

Ponseponse, njira zosinthira zosinthira zitha kuyitanitsa ndalama kuzipangizo zatsopano, komanso maphunziro ena. Chofunika kwambiri, ngati akugwira ntchito yomanga yatsopano, mwachitsanzo, zamagetsi atha kukhala ndi mwayi wotenga gawo lotsogola pakupanga nyumba, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yonse ikugwirizana ndi malamulo atsopano

Edition 18th imabweretsa kupita patsogolo kwatsopano kumalo oyika bwino ndi malo otetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto. Tikudziwa kuti amagetsi ku UK akugwira ntchito mwakhama kukonzekera kusinthaku ndipo tikufuna kudziwa zomwe mukuganiza kuti zingakukhudzeni kwambiri komanso zomwe mukuchita kuti kusinthaku kukhale kosavuta momwe zingathere.

BS 7671

Onetsetsani kuti ntchito yanu ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi pa Ntchito Malamulo 1989.

BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations) imakhazikitsa njira zoyikira magetsi ku UK ndi mayiko ena ambiri. IET imasindikiza BS 7671 ndi British Standards Institution (BSI) ndipo ndiye woyang'anira magetsi.

Pafupi ndi BS 7671

IET imayendetsa komiti ya JPEL / 64, (komiti ya National Wiring Regulations), ndi nthumwi zochokera m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana azamalonda. Komitiyi imafotokozera zamakomiti apadziko lonse lapansi komanso zofunikira ku UK, kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika komanso kukonza chitetezo pamakampani azamagetsi aku UK.

Kusindikiza kwa 18th

Lamulo la 18th Edition IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671: 2018) lofalitsidwa mu Julayi 2018. Makina onse amagetsi atsopano adzafunika kutsatira BS 7671: 2018 kuyambira 1 Januware 2019.

Kuthandiza makampani kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira za BS 7671, ndikudziwika bwino ndi Edition 18, IET imapereka chuma chambiri, kuchokera pazowongolera, zochitika ndi maphunziro, kumasula zambiri monga magazini ya Wiring Matters online. Onani mabokosi pansipa kuti mumve zambiri pazambiri zathu.

Kusintha kwa 18th edition

Mndandanda wotsatirawu umapereka mwachidule zosintha zazikulu mu 18th Edition IET Wiring Regulations (yofalitsa 2 Julayi 2018). Mndandandawu suli wokwanira popeza pali zosintha zambiri zazing'ono m'buku lonse lomwe silinaphatikizidwe pano.

BS 7671: 2018 Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa zamagetsi zidzaperekedwa pa 2 Julayi 2018 ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januware 2019.

Kuyika komwe kudapangidwa pambuyo pa 31 Disembala 2018 kuyenera kutsatira BS 7671: 2018.

Malamulowa amagwiranso ntchito pakupanga, kukonza ndi kutsimikizira kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi, zowonjezera komanso zosintha pamakina omwe alipo kale. Makina omwe alipo omwe akhazikitsidwa molingana ndi malamulowa m'mbuyomu sangagwirizane ndi izi. Izi sizitanthauza kuti ali osatetezeka kuti apitilize kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena amafunikira kukonzanso.

Chidule cha kusintha kwakukulu kwaperekedwa pansipa. (Ili si mndandanda wathunthu).

Gawo 1 Kukula, chinthu ndi mfundo zoyambira

Lamulo 133.1.3 (Kusankhidwa kwa zida) lasinthidwa ndipo tsopano likufunika zonena pa Satifiketi Yoyikira Zamagetsi.

Matanthauzo a Gawo 2

Kumasulira kwakulitsidwa ndikusinthidwa.

Mutu 41 Kutetezedwa pamagetsi

Gawo 411 lili ndi kusintha kwakukulu zingapo. Zina mwazikuluzikulu zatchulidwa pansipa:

Mapaipi achitsulo omwe amalowa mnyumbayi ali ndi gawo lotetezera pomwe amalowera sayenera kulumikizidwa ndi chomangiriza chotetezera (Lamulo 411.3.1.2).

Nthawi zakudumphadumpha zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Gulu 41.1 tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pama circuits omaliza mpaka 63 A yokhala ndi malo amodzi kapena angapo komanso 32 A pama circuits omaliza omwe amangogwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito zolumikizidwa (Regulation 411.3.2.2).

Lamulo la 411.3.3 lasinthidwa ndipo tsopano likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzogulitsira zitsulo zomwe zilipo pakadali pano zosapitirira 32A. Pali zosiyana kusiyiratu chitetezo cha RCD pomwe, kupatula malo okhala, kuwunika koopsa kumatsimikizira kuti chitetezo cha RCD sikofunikira.

Lamulo latsopano la 411.3.4 limafuna kuti, mkati mwa nyumba (zapakhomo), chitetezo chowonjezera cha RCD chokhala ndi zotsalira zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano sichipitilira 30 mA ziperekedwe kumayendedwe omaliza a AC omwe amapereka zowunikira.

Lamulo la 411.4.3 lasinthidwa kuti liphatikizepo kuti palibe chida chosinthira kapena kudzipatula chomwe chidzaikidwe mu conductor wa PEN.

Malamulo 411.4.4 ndi 411.4.5 adalembedwanso.

Malangizo okhudzana ndi machitidwe a IT (411.6) adakonzedwanso. Malamulo 411.6.3.1 ndi 411.6.3.2 achotsedwa ndipo 411.6.4 alembetsanso lamulo latsopano la 411.6.5.

Gulu latsopano la Malamulo (419) lidayikidwa pomwe kulumikizidwa kokha malinga ndi Lamulo 411.3.2 sikungatheke, monga zida zamagetsi zopanda malire pakanthawi kochepa.

Mutu 42 Chitetezo ku zotsatira zamafuta

Malamulo atsopano 421.1.7 akhazikitsidwa akuonetsa kuti kuyika zida zopezera zolakwika za arc (AFDDs) kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha moto m'mayendedwe omaliza a AC oyimitsidwa chifukwa cha zovuta zamagetsi.

Lamulo la 422.2.1 lasinthidwanso. Kutchula za zinthu BD2, BD3 ndi BD4 zachotsedwa. Kalata yawonjezedwa yonena kuti zingwe zimayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za CPR potengera momwe amayankhira pamoto ndikutchula Zakumapeto 2, chinthu 17. Zofunikira zaphatikizidwanso pazingwe zomwe zikupereka madera achitetezo.

Mutu 44 Kutetezedwa pamavuto amagetsi ndi kusokonekera kwamagetsi

Gawo 443, lomwe limafotokoza za chitetezo cham'mlengalenga kapena chifukwa chosintha, lasinthidwa.

Njira za AQ (zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mphezi) zodziwitsa ngati chitetezo chisawawa sichikuphatikizidwanso mu BS 7671. M'malo mwake, chitetezo ku zotumphukira zosakhalitsa zikuyenera kuperekedwa komwe zotsatira zake chifukwa cha kupitirira mphamvu (onani Lamulo 443.4)

(a) zimabweretsa kuvulazidwa koopsa, kapena kuwonongeredwa, moyo waumunthu, kapena (b) kumabweretsa kusokonezedwa kwa ntchito zaboma / kapena kuwonongeka kwa cholowa cha chikhalidwe, kapena
(c) zimapangitsa kusokonezedwa kwa malonda kapena mafakitale, kapena
(d) imakhudza anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka.

Pazinthu zina zonse, kuyesa kuwunika kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti muwone ngati chitetezo chakuwonongeka kwakanthawi kofunikira chikufunika.

Pali kusiyanasiyana kuti tisateteze nyumba zogona anthu ena nthawi zina.

Chaputala 46 Zipangizo zodzipatula ndikusintha - Chaputala 46 chatsopano chayambitsidwa.

Izi zimakhudzana ndi kudzipatula komweko komanso kosakhalitsa komweko komanso njira zosinthira kupewa kapena kuchotsa zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndimagetsi kapena zida zamagetsi. Komanso kusinthira kuwongolera ma circuits kapena zida. Komwe zida zamagetsi zili mkati mwa BS EN 60204, ndizofunikira za muyeso womwewo zokha zomwe zimafunikira.

Chaputala 52 Kusankhidwa ndi kukonzedwa kwa makina amagetsi

Lamulo la 521.11.201 lomwe limafunikira njira zothandizirana ndi zingwe zamagetsi panjira zothawira, lasinthidwa ndi lamulo latsopano la 521.10.202. Uku ndikusintha kwakukulu.

Lamulo la 521.10.202 limafunikira kuti zingwe zithandizidwe mokwanira kuti zisagwe msanga pakabuka moto. Izi zimagwira ntchito nthawi yonse yakukhazikitsa osati munjira zopulumukira.

Lamulo la 522.8.10 lokhudza zingwe zomangidwa m'manda lasinthidwa kuti liphatikize ndi zingwe za SELV.

Lamulo la 527.1.3 lasinthidwa, ndipo cholembedwa chinawonjezera kuti zingwe zimafunikanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira za CPR potengera momwe angachitire ndi moto.

Mutu 53 Chitetezo, kudzipatula, kusintha, kuwongolera ndikuwunika

Chaputala ichi chidakonzedweratu ndipo chikukhudzana ndi zofunikira podziteteza, kudzipatula, kusintha, kuwongolera ndikuwunika komanso zofunikira pakusankha ndi kukonza zida zomwe zaperekedwa kuti zikwaniritse ntchitoyi.

Gawo la 534 Zipangizo zodzitetezera kuti zisawonongeke

Gawoli likuwunika makamaka pazofunikira pakusankhidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma SPD kuti adziteteze kuziphuphu zomwe zimafunikira ndi Gawo 443, BS EN 62305, kapena monga tafotokozera.

Gawo la 534 lasinthidwa kotheratu ndipo kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kwaukadaulo kumatanthauza zosankha pamlingo woteteza magetsi.

Mutu 54 Makonzedwe azinthu zachuma ndi otsogolera oteteza

Malamulo awiri atsopano (542.2.3 ndi 542.2.8) akhazikitsidwa okhudzana ndi maelekitirodi apadziko lapansi.

Malamulo ena awiri atsopano (543.3.3.101 ndi 543.3.3.102) akhazikitsidwa. Izi zimapereka zofunikira pakuyika chida chosinthira mu kondakitala woteteza, lamuloli lomaliza lokhudzana ndi zochitika zomwe kuyika kumaperekedwa kuchokera kumagwero angapo amagetsi.

Mutu 55 Zida zina

Lamulo 550.1 limayambitsa mawonekedwe atsopano.

Lamulo Latsopano 559.10 limatanthawuza zowunikira zomwe zidatayidwa pansi, kusankhidwa ndi kumangidwako komwe kudzatengera malangizo omwe aperekedwa mu Table A.1 ya BS EN 60598-2-13.

Gawo 6 Kuyendera ndi kuyesa

Gawo 6 lasinthidwa kwathunthu, kuphatikiza malamulo owerengera kuti agwirizane ndi muyezo wa CENELEC.

Machaputala 61, 62 ndi 63 achotsedwa ndipo zomwe zili m'machaputalawa tsopano zikupanga Chaputala 64 ndi 65 chatsopano.

Gawo 704 Kukhazikitsa ndi kugwetsa malo

Gawo ili lili ndizosintha zingapo, kuphatikiza zofunikira zakunja (Lamulo 704.512.2), ndikusinthidwa kwa Lamulo 704.410.3.6 lokhudzana ndi njira yotetezera yopatukana ndi magetsi.

Gawo 708 Kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi m'mapaki apaulendo / misasa ndi malo ofanana

Gawoli lili ndi zosintha zingapo kuphatikiza zofunikira pamisika, chitetezo cha RCD, ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi zina zakunja.

Gawo 710 Malo azachipatala

Gawoli lili ndi zosintha zingapo kuphatikiza kuchotsedwa kwa Table 710, ndikusintha ku Malamulo 710.415.2.1 mpaka 710.415.2.3 pokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwa equipotential.

Kuphatikiza apo, lamulo latsopano 710.421.1.201 limafotokoza zofunikira pakukhazikitsa ma AFDD.

Gawo 715 Zowonjezera zamagetsi zowonjezera

Gawoli limangokhala ndi zosintha zochepa kuphatikiza kusintha kwa Regulation 715.524.201.

Gawo 721 Kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi m'mayendedwe ndi magalimoto apaulendo

Gawoli lili ndi zosintha zingapo kuphatikiza kupatukana kwamagetsi, ma RCD, kuyandikira kwa magetsi osagwiritsa ntchito magetsi komanso otsogolera oteteza.

Gawo 722 Kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi

Gawoli lili ndi kusintha kwakukulu ku Lamulo 722.411.4.1 lokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa PME.

Kupatula pazomwe zingachitike kwachotsedwa.

Zosintha zapangidwanso pazofunikira zakunja, ma RCD, malo ogulitsira ndi zolumikizira.

Gawo 730 Magawo apanyanja olumikizana ndi magombe amagetsi pazombo zanyanja

Ili ndi gawo latsopano kwathunthu ndipo likugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a m'mphepete mwa nyanja operekedwa kuti apatsidwe zombo zoyenda molowera kumayiko ena pazamalonda ndi oyang'anira, zomangika m'madoko ndi m'malo ozungulira.

Zambiri, ngati sizinthu zonse, za njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zoopsa za ma marinas zimagwiranso ntchito kulumikizana ndi magombe amagetsi pazombo zanyanja. Chimodzi mwazosiyana zazikulu pakati pazoperekera zombo mumayendedwe am'madzi ndi amagetsi am'mbali mwa zombo zoyenda mkati ndikukula kwa zomwe zikufunika.

Gawo 753 Malo otenthetsera pansi ndi kudenga

Gawoli lasinthidwa kwathunthu.

Kukula kwa Gawo 753 kwawonjezedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito makina ophatikizika amagetsi otenthetsera pamwamba.

Zomwe akufunikirazo zimagwiranso ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi otetezera kuchotsapo kapena kupewa chisanu kapena ntchito zofananira, ndikuphimba machitidwe amkati ndi akunja.

Makina otenthetsera mafakitale ndi malonda ogwiritsira ntchito IEC 60519, IEC 62395 ndi IEC 60079 sanaphimbidwe.

Zowonjezera

Zosintha zazikuluzikuluzi zapangidwa pazowonjezera

Zowonjezera 1 Miyezo yaku Britain yomwe ikunenedwa mu Malamulowa imaphatikizapo kusintha pang'ono, ndi zina zowonjezera.

Zowonjezera 3 Nthawi / mawonekedwe apano azida zotetezera zopitilira muyeso ndi ma RCD

Zomwe zam'mbuyomu Zakumapeto 14 zokhudzana ndi vuto lolakwika padziko lapansi zidasamutsidwa mu Zowonjezera 3.

Zowonjezera 6 Mafomu amtundu wa chiphaso ndi malipoti

Zowonjezerazi zikuphatikiza kusintha kwakung'ono kuzitifiketi, kusintha pakuwunika (kwa ntchito yatsopano yokhazikitsa kokha) ya nyumba ndi zina zofananira ndi 100 A supply, ndi zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe zimafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi lipoti lazoyikapo magetsi.

Zowonjezera 7 (Zothandiza) Zogwirizana mitundu yayikulu yazingwe

Zowonjezerazi zikuphatikiza zosintha zazing'ono zokha.

Zowonjezera 8 Kutengera pakali pano komanso kutsika kwamagetsi

Zowonjezerazi zikuphatikiza zosintha zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu pakali pano.

Zowonjezera 14 Kudziwitsa zakomwe mukuyembekezera zolakwika pakali pano

Zomwe zili mu Zakumapeto 14 zokhudzana ndi vuto lolakwika padziko lapansi zidasinthidwa kuti zikhale Zakumapeto 3. Zakumapeto 14 tsopano zili ndi chidziwitso chazomwe zingachitike pakulakwitsa pano.

Zowonjezera 17 Mphamvu zamagetsi

Ichi ndi chowonjezera chatsopano chomwe chimapereka malingaliro pakapangidwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwamakina amagetsi kuphatikiza makhazikitsidwe okhala ndi magetsi am'deralo ndikusunga mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi moyenera.

Malangizidwe omwe ali pazowonjezera izi akugwiritsanso ntchito makonzedwe amagetsi atsopano ndikusinthidwa kwa magetsi omwe alipo kale. Zambiri mwazowonjezerazi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pamakonzedwe apakhomo ndi ofanana.

Cholinga chake ndikuti zowonjezerazi ziwerengedwa limodzi ndi BS IEC 60364-8-1, pomwe zidasindikizidwa mu 2018

Malamulo a IET Wiring amafuna kuti magetsi ndi makonzedwe atsopano amagetsi, komanso kusintha ndi kuwonjezera pamakina omwe alipo, awunikidwe motsutsana ndi chiwopsezo chakuzunguliridwa kwakanthawi ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kutetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zotetezera (monga mawonekedwe a Surge Protection Devices SPDs ).

Kutalika kwakanthawi kachitetezo cha chitetezo
Kutengera mndandanda wa IEC 60364, mtundu wa 18th wa BS 7671 Wiring malamulo amakhudza kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi nyumba kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chokwanira.

Edition 18 ya BS 7671 imagwira ntchito pakupanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kutsimikizira kuyika kwamagetsi, komanso zowonjezera ndi zosintha pamakina omwe alipo kale. Makina omwe alipo omwe adakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu a BS 7671 mwina sangagwirizane ndi mtundu wa 18 mulimonse. Izi sizitanthauza kuti ali osatetezeka kuti apitilize kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena amafunikira kukonzanso.

Chosintha chachikulu mu 18th Edition chimakhudzana ndi Gawo 443 ndi 534, lomwe limakhudza chitetezo chamagetsi ndi zamagetsi pamagetsi osakhalitsa, mwina chifukwa cha kutuluka kwamlengalenga (mphezi) kapena zochitika zosintha magetsi. Kwenikweni, Edition la 18 limafuna mapangidwe ndi makina amagetsi atsopano, komanso zosintha ndi zowonjezera pamakina omwe adalipo kale, kuti awunikidwe motsutsana ndi chiopsezo chosakhalitsa chobowoleza ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, atetezedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zodzitetezera (mwa ma SPD).

Pakati pa BS 7671:
Gawo 443: limatanthauzira zoyenera kuwunika pangozi zomwe zingachitike kwakanthawi, potengera momwe zinthu zilili, zoopsa komanso zida zazida

Gawo 534: ikufotokoza za kusankhidwa ndi kukhazikitsa kwa ma SPD kuti atetezedwe kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, kuphatikiza mtundu wa SPD, magwiridwe antchito ndi mgwirizano

Owerenga bukuli akuyenera kudziwa kufunika koteteza mizere yonse yazitsulo kuti iwonongeke.

BS 7671 imapereka chitsogozo chofunikira pakuwunika ndi kuteteza zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimayikidwa kuti ziyikidwe pamagetsi amagetsi a AC.

Kuti muwone lingaliro la Lightning Protection Zone LPZ mkati mwa BS 7671 ndi BS EN 62305, mizere ina yonse yazitsulo, monga ma data, ma siginolo ndi matelefoni, ndi njira yomwe ingadutse mopitilira muyeso kuti ziwononge zida. Momwemonso mizere yonseyi ifunika ma SPD oyenera.

BS 7671 imaloza owerenga kuti abwerere ku BS EN 62305 ndi BS EN 61643 kuti awongolere. Izi zikutchulidwa kwambiri muupangiri wa LSP ku BS EN 62305 Protection Against Lightning.

CHOFUNIKA KUDZIWA: Zida ndizotetezedwa PAMODZI pama voltages osakhalitsa ngati mains onse omwe akubwera / akutuluka ndi mizere ya data ili ndi chitetezo choyenera.

Kuteteza kwakanthawi kosungira mosamala Kuteteza makina anu

Chifukwa chiyani chitetezo chokwera mosakhalitsa ndikofunikira?

Kuchulukitsa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochepa pamagetsi pakati pama conductor awiri kapena kupitilira apo (L-PE, LN kapena N-PE), yomwe imatha kufikira 6 kV pamizere yamagetsi ya Vac ya 230, ndipo makamaka imachokera ku:

• Chiyambi cha mlengalenga (zochitika za mphezi kudzera pakuphatikizana kosakanikirana kapena kopitilira muyeso, ndi / kapena kusinthitsa kwamagetsi kwa katundu wambiri
• Kutsika kwakanthawi kochepa kumawononga kwambiri ndikuwononga makina amagetsi. Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamagetsi, monga

makompyuta ndi zina zambiri, zimachitika pakamawoloka kwakanthawi pakati pa L-PE kapena N-PE kupitilira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (mwachitsanzo, pamwamba pa 1.5 kV pazida za Gulu I mpaka BS 7671 Gulu 443.2). Kuwonongeka kwa zida kumabweretsa zolephera mosayembekezereka komanso nthawi yotsika mtengo, kapena chiopsezo chamoto / magetsi chifukwa chakuwombera, ngati kutchinjiriza kutha. Kuwonongeka kwa makina amagetsi, komabe, kumayambira pamagetsi ochepa kwambiri ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa kutayika kwa deta, kuzimitsidwa kwapakatikati komanso zida zazifupi zanthawi yayitali. Pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi mosalekeza ndikofunikira, mwachitsanzo kuzipatala, kubanki komanso ntchito zambiri zaboma, kuwonongeka kuyenera kupewedwa powonetsetsa kuti ma voltages omwe amapezeka pakati pa LN, ndi ochepa pamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zitha kuwerengedwa kawiri pamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, ngati sichidziwika (ie pafupifupi 715 V ya machitidwe a 230 V). Chitetezo pakukweza kwakanthawi kochepa chitha kuchitika pakukhazikitsa magulu a SPD pamalo oyenera pamagetsi, mogwirizana ndi BS 7671 Gawo 534 ndi chitsogozo chomwe chaperekedwa m'buku lino. Kusankha ma SPD okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa (ie zabwino) zoteteza magetsi (U_P) ndichofunikira kwambiri, makamaka ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi mosalekeza ndikofunikira.

Zitsanzo za chitetezo chokwanira pa BS 7671

Kuyesa kwa ngozi
Malinga ndi Gawo 443, njira yathunthu yoyeserera zoopsa za BS EN 62305-2 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa malo owopsa monga zida za nyukiliya kapena zamankhwala komwe zotsatira zake zingachitike chifukwa cha kuphulika kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kungayambitse kuphulika, kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kapena kuwonongeka kwa nyukiliya motero zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe.

Kupatula makhazikitsidwe owopsawa, ngati pangakhale chiwopsezo chowombera mwachindunji mpangidwe womwewo kapena kupitilira mizere yolinganiza ma SPD adzafunika malinga ndi BS EN 62305.

Gawo la 443 limayang'ana molunjika pofuna kudzitchinjiriza kuziphuphu zomwe sizingachitike kwakanthawi zomwe zimatsimikizika potengera zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama malinga ndi Gulu 1 pamwambapa.

Mawerengedwe A ngozi Yowopsa CRL - BS 7671
Gawo la BS 7671 443.5 limavomereza njira yosavuta yowunikira zoopsa zochokera pakuwunika kwathunthu kwa zovuta za BS EN 62305-2. Njira yosavuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo cha CRL.

CRL imawoneka bwino ngati mwayi kapena mwayi wakukhazikitsa womwe ungakhudzidwe ndi ma voltages osakhalitsa motero umagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati chitetezo cha SPD chikufunika.

Ngati mtengo wa CRL uli wochepera 1000 (kapena wochepera 1 mu mwayi wa 1000) ndiye kuti chitetezo cha SPD chikhazikitsidwa. Momwemonso ngati mtengo wa CRL uli 1000 kapena kupitilira (kapena kuposa 1 mu mwayi wa 1000) ndiye kuti chitetezo cha SPD sichifunika pakukhazikitsa.

CRL imapezeka motere:
CRL = f_kutumiza / (L_P x N_g)

Kumene:

• f_kutumiza ndichinthu chachilengedwe komanso kufunika kwa f_kutumiza adzasankhidwa malinga ndi Gulu 443.1
• L_P ndi kutalika kwakulingalira koopsa mu km
• N_g ndiye kuchuluka kwa mphezi (kumawala pa km² pachaka) zogwirizana ndi komwe kuli chingwe cha magetsi ndi mawonekedwe olumikizidwa

F_kutumiza Mtengo umatengera chilengedwe kapena malo. M'madera akumidzi kapena akumatauni, nyumba zimakhala zakutali ndipo chifukwa chake zimakumana ndi zovuta zazambiri zakumlengalenga poyerekeza ndi zomangidwa m'mizinda.

Kutalika kwa kuwunika koopsa LP
Kutalika kwa kuwunika koopsa LP kumawerengedwa motere:
L_P = 2l_mnzako +L_Zamgululi + 0.4 L_PA + 0.2 L_PCH (Km)

Kumene:

• L_mnzako ndi kutalika (km) kwa mzere wamagetsi otsika kwambiri
• L_Zamgululi ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chotsika chamagetsi
• L_PA ndi kutalika (km) kwa mzere wapamwamba wamagetsi pamutu
• L_PCH ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri

Kutalika konse (L_mnzako +L_Zamgululi +L_PA +L_PCH) imangokhala 1 km, kapena mtunda kuchokera pachida choyamba chotetezera madzi chomwe chimayikidwa mu netiweki yamagetsi ya HV (onani Chithunzi) mpaka komwe kunayambira magetsi, komwe kuli kocheperako.

Ngati kutalika kwa netiweki sikudziwika kwathunthu kapena pang'ono ndiye L_mnzako adzatengedwa ofanana ndi mtunda wotsalira kuti ufike kutalika kwa 1 km. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kokha mtunda wa chingwe chapansi panthaka chikudziwika (mwachitsanzo 100 m), chinthu chovuta kwambiri L_mnzako adzatengedwa ofanana ndi 900 m. Chithunzi chokhazikitsa chomwe chikuwonetsa kutalika kwakulingalira chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 04 (Chithunzi 443.3 cha BS 7671). Ground kung'anima kufunika kachulukidwe N_g

Kukula kwake kwakanthawi kochepa N_g itha kutengedwa kuchokera ku mapu owerengeka aku UK owala pachithunzichi Chithunzi 05 (Chithunzi 443.1 cha BS 7671) - ingodziwa komwe kuli kapangidwe kake ndikusankha mtengo wa Ng pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi. Mwachitsanzo, Nottingham yapakati ili ndi mtengo wa Ng wa 1. Pamodzi ndi chilengedwe f_kutumiza, kutalika kwa kuwerengera zowopsa L_P, N_g Mtengo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza fomuyi pakuwerengera mtengo wa CRL ndikuwona ngati chitetezo chokwanira sichofunikira kapena ayi.

Mapu ocheperako amagetsi aku UK (Chithunzi 05) ndi chidule (Chithunzi 06) chothandizira kupanga zisankho pakugwiritsa ntchito Gawo 443 (ndi chitsogozo cha mitundu ya chitsogozo cha SPD ku Gawo 534) ikutsatira. Zitsanzo zowerengera zowopsa zimaperekedwanso.

Tchati chakuwunika kwa chiwopsezo cha tchati chazoyeserera pakuyika m'malo mwa BS 7671 18th Edition

Zitsanzo za kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo za CRL zogwiritsa ntchito ma SPD (BS 7671 Annex A443).

Chitsanzo 1 - Kumanga madera akumidzi ku Notts ndi mphamvu zoperekedwa ndi mizere yapamtunda yomwe 0.4 km ndi LV mzere ndipo 0.6 km ndi HV mzere Ground flash density Ng ya central Notts = 1 (kuchokera Chithunzi 05 UK mapikidwe owala mapu).

Zachilengedwe f_kutumiza = 85 (zachilengedwe zakumidzi - onani Gulu 2) Kutalika kwa kuwunika koopsa L_P

• L_P = 2l_mnzako +L_Zamgululi + 0.4 L_PA + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = (2 × 0.4) + (0.4 × 0.6)
• L_P  = 1.04

Kumene:

• L_mnzako ndi kutalika (km) kwazitali kwamagetsi pamutu = 0.4
• L_PA ndi kutalika (km) kwa mzere wapamwamba wamagetsi pamutu = 0.6
• L_Zamgululi ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chotsika pansi = 0
• LP_CH ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri = 0

Mulingo Wowopsa Wowopsa (CRL)

• CRL = f_kutumiza / (L_P × N._g)
• Zamgululi
• CRL = 81.7

Poterepa, chitetezo cha SPD chidzaikidwa chifukwa mtengo wa CRL ndi wochepera 1000.

Chitsanzo 2 - Kumanga m'malo okhala kumatawuni omwe ali kumpoto kwa Cumbria operekedwa ndi chingwe cha HV mobisa Ground flash density N_g kumpoto kwa Cumbria = 0.1 (kuchokera pa Chithunzi 05 UK mapikidwe ocheperako) Zachilengedwe f_kutumiza = 85 (za chilengedwe chakumatauni - onani Gulu 2)

Kutalika kwa kuwunika koopsa L_P

• L_P = 2l_mnzako +L_Zamgululi + 0.4 L_PA + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = 0.2x1 pa
• L_P = 0.2

Kumene:

• L_mnzako ndi kutalika (km) kwazitali kwamagetsi pamutu = 0
• L_PA ndi kutalika (km) kwa mzere wapamwamba wamagetsi pamutu = 0
• L_Zamgululi ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chotsika pansi = 0
• L_PCH ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri = 1

Mulingo Wowopsa Wowopsa (CRL)

• CRL = f_kutumiza / (L_P × N._g)
• Zamgululi
• CRL = 4250

Poterepa, chitetezo cha SPD sichofunikira chifukwa mtengo wa CRL ndioposa 1000.

Chitsanzo 3 - Kumanga kumatauni komwe kumwera kwa Shropshire - zambiri sizikudziwika Ground flash density N_g chakumwera kwa Shropshire = 0.5 (kuchokera Chithunzi 05 map ofunikira ku UK). Zachilengedwe f_kutumiza = 850 (zam'mizinda - onani Gulu 2) Kutalika kwa kuwunika koopsa L_P

• L_P = 2l_mnzako +L_Zamgululi + 0.4 L_PA + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = (2 x 1)
• L_P = 2

Kumene:

• L_mnzako ndi kutalika (km) kwazitali kwamagetsi pamutu = 1 (tsatanetsatane wazakudya zosadziwika - kutalika kwa 1 km)
• L_PA ndi kutalika (km) kwa mzere wapamwamba wamagetsi pamutu = 0
• L_Zamgululi ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chotsika pansi = 0
• L_PCH ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri = 0

Kuwerengedwa Ngoopsa CRL

• CRL = f_kutumiza / (L_P × N._g)
• Zamgululi
• CRL = 850

Poterepa, chitetezo cha SPD chidzaikidwa chifukwa mtengo wa CRL ndi wochepera 1000. Chitsanzo 4 - Kumanga kumatauni komwe kuli ku London kumaperekedwa ndi chingwe cha LV pansi panthaka Ground flash density N_g ya London = 0.8 (kuchokera Chithunzi 05 UK mapeni osalimba mapu) Zinthu zachilengedwe f_kutumiza = 850 (zam'mizinda - onani Gulu 2) Kutalika kwa kuwunika koopsa L_P

• L_P = 2l_mnzako +L_Zamgululi + 0.4 L_PA + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = 1

Kumene:

• L_mnzako ndi kutalika (km) kwazitali kwamagetsi pamutu = 0
• L_PA ndi kutalika (km) kwa mzere wapamwamba wamagetsi pamutu = 0
• L_Zamgululi ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chotsika pansi = 1
• L_PCH ndi kutalika (km) kwa chingwe chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri = 0

Mulingo Wowopsa Wowopsa (CRL)

• CRL = f_kutumiza / (L_P × N._g)
• Zamgululi
• CRL = 1062.5

Poterepa, chitetezo cha SPD sichofunikira chifukwa mtengo wa CRL ndioposa 1000.

Kuteteza kwakanthawi kochepa kosankha ma SPD kupita ku BS 7671

Kusankhidwa kwa SPDs ku BS 7671
Kukula kwa Gawo 534 la BS 7671 ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi mkati mwa makina amagetsi a AC kuti mupeze kulumikizidwa kwa kutchinjiriza, mogwirizana ndi Gawo 443, ndi miyezo ina, kuphatikiza BS EN 62305-4.

Kuchepetsa kupitilizidwa kumachitika ndikukhazikitsa ma SPD malinga ndi malingaliro omwe ali mu Gawo 534 (yamagetsi amagetsi a AC), ndi BS EN 62305-4 (yamphamvu zina ndi deta, ma siginolo kapena matelefoni).

Kusankhidwa kwa ma SPD kuyenera kuchepetsa kuchepa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochokera mumlengalenga, ndikudzitchinjiriza kuzinthu zosakhalitsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphezi kapena kuwomba kwa mphezi pafupi ndi nyumba yotetezedwa ndi dongosolo la Lightning Protection System LPS.

Kusankhidwa kwa SPD
Ma SPD ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi izi:

• Mulingo wachitetezo cha Voltage (U_P)
• Mphamvu yamagetsi yopitilira (U_C)
• Zowonongeka kwakanthawi (U_KUYERA)
• Mwadzina kumaliseche panopa (I_n) ndikukakamiza pakali pano (I_Ndondocha)
• Zomwe mukuyembekezera pakali pano ndikutsatira pakadali pano kusokoneza

Chofunikira kwambiri pakusankhidwa kwa SPD ndikuteteza kwake kwamagetsi (U_P). Mulingo wachitetezo cha ma SPD (U_P) iyenera kukhala yotsika poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yoyeserera (U_WZida zamagetsi zotetezedwa (zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Gulu 443.2), kapena popitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zofunikira, chitetezo chake champhamvu.

Pomwe sizikudziwika, chitetezo chazovuta chitha kuwerengedwa kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (ie pafupifupi 715 V ya machitidwe a 230 V). Zida zosafunikira zolumikizidwa ndi makina oyika magetsi a 230/400 V (mwachitsanzo dongosolo la UPS) zitha kufuna chitetezo ndi SPD yokhala ndi U_P otsika kuposa Gawo II adavotera zamagetsi zamagetsi (2.5 kV). Zida zotsogola, monga ma laputopu ndi ma PC, zimafunikira chitetezo chowonjezera cha SPD ku Gulu I lomwe lidavotera mphamvu yamagetsi (1.5 kV).

Ziwerengerozi ziyenera kutengedwa ngati kukwaniritsa chitetezo chochepa. Ma SPD okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zoteteza magetsi (U_P) perekani chitetezo chabwino kwambiri, mwa:

• Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo kuchokera kuzowonjezera zowonjezera pazowongolera za SPD
• Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo kuchokera pamagetsi am'munsi otsika omwe amatha kufika kawiri ku SPD's U_P kumalo osungira zida
• Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa zida, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito nthawi yonse

Mwakutero, SPD yolimbikitsidwa (SPD * mpaka BS EN 62305) itha kukwaniritsa bwino njira zosankhira, chifukwa ma SPD amapereka mphamvu zamagetsi (U_P) yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zida zowononga zida ndipo potero zimakhala zothandiza kukwaniritsa chitetezo. Malinga ndi BS EN 62305, ma SPD onse omwe adayikika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za BS 7671 azigwirizana ndi zomwe akupanga ndikuyesa (BS EN 61643 mndandanda).

Poyerekeza ndi ma SPD wamba, ma SPD opititsa patsogolo amapereka ukadaulo waluso komanso zachuma:

• Kuphatikiza kophatikizana kwamphamvu komanso kutetezedwa kwakanthawi kochepa (Mtundu 1 + 2 & Type 1 + 2 + 3)
• Mawonekedwe athunthu (mawonekedwe wamba ndi osiyana) chitetezo, chofunikira kutchinjiriza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ku mitundu yonse yazopitilira kwakanthawi - mphezi & kusinthitsa
• Kukhazikika kwa SPD mkati mwa gawo limodzi motsutsana ndi kukhazikitsa mitundu ingapo ya SPD kuti muteteze zida zothetsera

Kugwirizana ndi BS EN 62305 / BS 7671, BS 7671 Gawo 534 kumayang'ana malangizo pakusankhidwa ndi kukhazikitsa ma SPD kuti achepetse zovuta zaposachedwa pamagetsi a AC. BS 7671 Gawo 443 likunena kuti kuchuluka kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumafalikira chifukwa chazogawika sikumatsitsidwa kwenikweni kutsika kwamakonzedwe ambiri BS 7671 Gawo 534 chifukwa chake amalimbikitsa kuti ma SPD akhazikitsidwe m'malo ofunikira pamagetsi:

• Pafupifupi momwe mungakhalire poyambira (nthawi zambiri mumabwalo akuluakulu ogawa pambuyo pa mita)
• Monga momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito zida zodziwika bwino (magawo ogawa), komanso zida zofunikira kwambiri

Kukhazikitsa pa dongosolo la 230/400 V TN-CS / TN-S pogwiritsa ntchito LSP SPDs, kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za BS 7671.

Chitetezo chokwanira chimakhala ndi khomo lolowera SPD kuti ipatutse mphepo yamphamvu yamagetsi kupita padziko lapansi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi ma SPD oyenda motsata malo oyenera kuti ateteze zida zovuta komanso zofunikira.

Kusankha ma SPD oyenera
Ma SPD amagawidwa ndi Mtundu mkati mwa BS 7671 kutsatira njira zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa mu BS EN 62305.

Pomwe nyumba ili ndi LPS yokhazikika, kapena ntchito zazitsulo zazitsulo zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chakuwombedwa ndi mphezi, ma SPDs (Type 1 kapena Combined Type 1 + 2) akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pakhomo lolowera, kuti achotse chiwopsezo chowuluka.

Kukhazikitsa kwa Type 1 SPDs yokha komabe sikuteteza makina amagetsi. Kutalikirana kwakanthawi ma SPDs (Type 2 ndi Type 3, kapena Combined Type 1 + 2 + 3 ndi Type 2 + 3) chifukwa chake ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kutsika kwa khomo lolowera. Ma SPDwa amatetezanso kuziphuphu zosakhalitsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphezi zosalunjika (kudzera pakuphatikizana kosakanikirana kapena kopitilira muyeso) ndikusintha kwamagetsi katundu wambiri.

Magulu Ophatikizidwa a SPDs (monga LSP FLP25-275 mndandanda) amathandizira kwambiri kusankha kwa SPD, kaya kuyika pakhomo lolandirira kapena kutsika kwamagetsi.

Ma LSP osiyanasiyana ma SPD amathandizira mayankho ku BS EN 62305 / BS 7671.
Mtundu wa LSP wa SPDs (mphamvu, deta ndi telecom) umafotokozedweratu muntchito zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuyendetsabe kwamagetsi ovuta. Amakhala gawo la njira yotetezera mphezi ku BS EN 62305. LSP FLP12,5 ndi FLP25 zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida za Type 1 + 2, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuyika pakhomo lolandirira, pomwe amapereka magetsi otetezera kwambiri (opitilira BS EN 62305) pakati pamayendedwe onse kapena mitundu yonse. Chidziwitso chantchito chimadziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito:

• Kutaya mphamvu
• Kutaya gawo
• Kugwiritsa NE magetsi
• Kuchepetsa chitetezo

Ma SPD ndi malo ogulitsira amathanso kuyang'aniridwa kutali kudzera pa kulumikizana kwaulere.

LSP SLP40 mphamvu SPDs Mtengo woteteza ku BS 7671

LSP SLP40 osiyanasiyana a SPD oyamika mayankho amtundu wa DIN opangira chitetezo chotsika mtengo pakukhazikitsa kwamakampani, mafakitale ndi zoweta.

• Chigawo chimodzi chitawonongeka, chizindikirocho chimasintha chobiriwira kukhala chofiira, ndikupangitsa kulumikizana kwa volt
• Pakadali pano malonda ayenera kusinthidwa, koma wogwiritsa ntchito amakhalabe ndi chitetezo panthawi yolamula ndi kukhazikitsa
• Zonsezi zikawonongeka, kutha kwa chiwonetsero cha moyo kumakhala kofiira kwathunthu

Kukhazikitsa kwa SPDs Gawo 534, BS 7671
Kutalika kotsika kwa maulalo oyendetsa
SPD yoyikidwayo nthawi zonse imapereka chiwongolero chakuwonjezerapo mphamvu yamagetsi poyerekeza ndi zida zamagetsi poyerekeza ndi mulingo wamagetsi otetezera (UP) onenedwa papepala laopanga, chifukwa champhamvu zamagetsi zowonjezera zamagetsi pamakondomu otsogola a SPD.

Chifukwa chake, kuti chitetezo chachitetezo chanthawi yayitali kwambiri ma conductor a SPD akuyenera kusungidwa mwachidule momwe angathere. BS 7671 imalongosola kuti ma SPD omwe amaikidwa chimodzimodzi (shunt), kutalika konse pakati pa oyendetsa mzere, wotsogolera woteteza ndi SPD makamaka sayenera kupitilira 0.5 m ndipo osapitilira 1 m. Onani Chithunzi 08 (tsamba lakumwamba) mwachitsanzo. Kwa ma SPD omwe amaikidwa mu-line (mndandanda), kutalika kwa lead pakati pa wotsogolera ndi SPD makamaka sikuyenera kupitilira 0.5 m ndipo osapitilira 1 m.

Mchitidwe wabwino kwambiri
Kukhazikitsa kosavomerezeka kumatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ma SPD. Chifukwa chake, kulumikiza zitsogolere mwachidule momwe zingathere ndikofunikira kuti tiwonjezere magwiridwe antchito, ndikuchepetsa zowonjezera zowonjezera.

Njira zabwino kwambiri zopangira ma cabling, monga kulumikiza pamodzi kulumikizana ndizitali zazitali momwe zingathere, pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazingwe kapena zokutira mozungulira, ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuletsa kufalikira.

Kuphatikiza kwa SPD yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika yamagetsi (U_P), Ndi mwachidule, zomangiriza zolumikizira zotsogola zimatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa BS 7671.

Malo owoloka oyendetsa olumikiza
Kwa ma SPD olumikizidwa koyambirira kwa kukhazikitsa (kolowera ntchito) BS 7671 imafuna kukula kocheperako kwamagawo a SPD olumikiza mayendedwe (mkuwa kapena ofanana) ndi PEakuchititsa motsatana kukhala:
16 mamilimita²/ 6 mm² za mtundu wa 1 SPDs
16 mamilimita²/ 6 mm² za mtundu wa 1 SPDs