Nkhani zingapo zotentha mu SPD yoteteza pakadali pano

Nkhani zingapo zotentha mu SPD yoteteza pakadali pano

1. Gulu la mayendedwe amayeso

Pazoyeserera za SPD, pamakhala mkangano woopsa kunyumba ndi akunja za magulu oyesera a Class I (Class B, Type 1), makamaka pa njira yoyeserera kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa mphezi, mkangano pakati pamakomiti a IEC ndi IEEE :

(1) IEC 61643-1, mu Class I (Class B, Type 1) kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa chipangizo chotetezera, mawonekedwe a 10 / 350µs ndi mawonekedwe oyesera.

(2) IEEE C62.45 'IEEE Zida zochepa zoteteza - Gawo 11 Zipangizo zotetezera zolumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zochepa - Zofunikira ndi njira zoyeserera' zimatanthauzira mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a 8 / 20µ ngati mawonekedwe oyesera.

Otsatsa mawonekedwe a 10 / 350µs amakhulupirira kuti pofuna kuteteza 100% pakamenyedwa mphezi, magawo owopsa kwambiri amphezi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa zida zoteteza mphezi. Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a 10 / 350µs kuti muwone LPS (Lightning Protection System) kuti muwonetsetse kuti sichiwonongeka ndi mphezi. Ndipo omwe amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a 8/20 amakhulupirira kuti patatha zaka 50 akugwiritsa ntchito, mawonekedwe amawu akuwonetsa kupambana kwambiri.

Mu Okutobala 2006, nthumwi zoyenerera za IEC ndi IEEE zidalumikiza ndikulemba mitu ingapo yofufuzira.

GB18802.1 yamagetsi yama SPD imakhala ndimayeso amitundu yoyesera ya Class I, II, ndi III, onani Gulu 1.

Gulu 1: Magulu oyesera a Level I, II ndi III

United States idaganizira zochitika ziwiri pamiyezo itatu yaposachedwa iyi:
YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA C62.41. 1 'IEEE Upangiri pa Ma Surges Environment mu Low-Voltage (1000V ndi Pang'ono) AC Power Circuits', 2002
YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA C62.41. 2 'IEEE pa Makhalidwe Olimbikitsidwa a Ma Surges mu Low-Voltage (1000V ndi Ochepa) AC Power Circuits', 2002
YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA C62.41. 2 'IEEE pa Zoyeserera Zoyeserera pakuyesa kwa Surge kwa Zida Zolumikizidwa ndi Low-Voltage (1000V ndi Zocheperako) Ma Power AC Circuits', 2002

Mkhalidwe woyamba 1: Mphezi sizimagunda mwachindunji nyumbayo.
Mkhalidwe wachiwiri: Sizachilendo: mphezi imawomba nyumba mwachindunji kapena pansi pafupi ndi nyumbayo yagundidwa ndi mphenzi.

Gulu 2 limalimbikitsa mawonekedwe oyimira mawonekedwe, ndipo Gulu 3 limapereka mphamvu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi gulu lililonse.
Gulu 2: Malo AB C (Mlanduwu 1) Maofesi Ogwiritsira Ntchito Osiyanasiyana ndi Zowonjezera Zowonjezera ndi Mlanduwu 2 Chidule cha Parameter.

Gulu 3: Zinthu za SPD potuluka 2 Mayeso okhutira ^{A, B}

Zindikirani:
A. Kuyesaku kumangokhala kwa SPD yoyikika potuluka, yomwe ndiyosiyana ndi miyezo ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera amawu omwe atchulidwa pamawu awa, kupatula SPD.
B. Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimagwira ntchito pakuyesa gawo lililonse kwa SPD yamagawo angapo.
C. Kuchita bwino pantchito ya SPD yokhala ndi C yocheperako poyerekeza ndi 1 ikuwonetsa kuti magawo ochepera amatha kusankhidwa.

"Palibe mawonekedwe enieni amtundu woyimira omwe angayimire madera onse ophulika, chifukwa chake zovuta zenizeni zenizeni ziyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe osavuta osinthira oyeserera. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, madera omwe akukwera amagawidwa kuti apereke mphamvu zamagetsi komanso zamakono Mawonekedwe ndi matalikidwe amasankhidwa kuti akhale oyenerera kuwunika kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kwa zida zolumikizidwa kumagetsi a AC, komanso zida zopirira ndi chilengedwe chikuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa bwino. ”

"Cholinga chofotokozera mawonekedwe am'magulu oyeserera ndikuwapatsa opanga zida ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oyenera komanso owonjezera oyeserera komanso magawo oyenerana ndi chilengedwe. Malingaliro omwe akulimbikitsidwa pamafayilo ofananirako ndizosavuta zomwe zapezeka pakuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa muyeso. Kusinthaku kupatsa mwayi wobwereza ndi wogwira mtima wokhudza kulimbikira kwa zida zolumikizidwa pamagetsi ochepa a AC. ”

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi mawayilesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyesa kwamphamvu kwama SPD pamagetsi ndi mawayilesi akuwonetsedwa mu Gome 4.

Tebulo 4: Voteji ndi mayesero apano pakayesedwe kake (Gulu 3 la GB18802-1)

Chidziwitso: Impact imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ma terminal ndi ma terminal wamba. Kaya kuyesa pakati pa malo omaliza kumatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kuyenerera. SPD yamagetsi ndi SPD yolumikizirana ma telefoni ndi ma network akuyenera kupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana oyeserera omwe angafanane ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi.

2.Voltage switch switch ndi mtundu wamagetsi wamagetsi

M'mbiri yayitali, mtundu wamagetsi wosinthira magetsi ndi mitundu yochepetsera magetsi ndi chitukuko, mpikisano, kuthandizana, luso, ndikukonzanso. Mtundu wamlengalenga wamtundu wamagetsi wamagetsi wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mzaka zapitazi, komanso umavumbula zolakwika zingapo. Ali:

(1) Mulingo woyamba (mulingo B) wogwiritsa ntchito 10 / 350µs spark spark mtundu wa SPD udapangitsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zida zoyankhulira poyambira za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mphezi.

(2) Chifukwa chakuyankha kwakanthawi kwa phokoso lomwe SPD imachita ndi mphezi, pomwe malo oyambira amangokhala ndi SPD, ndipo palibe SPD ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza gawo lachiwiri (mulingo wa C), mphezi imatha kuyambitsa mphenzi zipangizo zomwe zawonongeka.

(3) Malo oyambira akagwiritsa ntchito B ndi C magawo awiri otetezera, nthawi yocheperako ya SDP yocheperako poyankha mphezi imatha kupangitsa mafunde onse amphezi kudutsa C-level voltage-limited protector, kuchititsa kuti C-level protector akhale zawonongeka ndi mphezi.

(4) Pakhoza kukhala malo osawoneka bwino pakati pa mgwirizano wamagetsi pakati pa mtundu wa kusiyana ndi mtundu wochepetsako (malo akhungu amatanthauza kuti palibe kutulutsa komwe kumatulutsa), zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wa SPD kusiyana osachita, ndipo gawo lachiwiri (mulingo wa C) woteteza amafunika kupirira kwambiri. Mphezi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mtetezi wa C-awonongeke ndi mphezi (yocheperako ndi malo oyambira, mtunda wolowera pakati pa mitengo iwiri SPD imafuna pafupifupi mita 15). Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuti gawo loyamba litenge kusiyana kwa SPD kuti igwirizane bwino ndi C level SPD.

(5) Kulowerera kumalumikizidwa motsatana pakati pamagawo awiri achitetezo kuti apange chida chowongolera kuti athetse vuto la mtunda wachitetezo pakati pa magulu awiri a SPD. Pakhoza kukhala malo akhungu kapena chinyezimiro pakati pa awiriwa. Malinga ndi mawu oyambawo: "Inductance imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lochepetsera komanso mawonekedwe amawu mawonekedwe ali ndiubwenzi wapamtima. Pamafomu amitengo yayitali theka (monga 10 / 350µs), mphamvu yochotsera inductor siyothandiza kwambiri (mtundu wa mpata wophatikizira wophatikizira inductor sungakwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo cha mphezi zosiyanasiyana pakamawala. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu, nthawi yokwera ndi phindu lamphamvu yamagetsi oyenera kuyenera kuganiziridwa. ” Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale inductance iwonjezedwa, vuto la kusiyana kwa mtundu wa SPD mpaka 4kV silingathe kuthetsedwa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito akuwonetsa kuti pambuyo poti mtundu wa SPD ndi gulu losakanikirana la SPD zalumikizidwa motsatana, C- Mulingo wama 40kA woyika mkati mwa magetsi osinthira wataya SPD Pali zambirimbiri zowonongedwa ndi mphezi.

(6) Ma di / dt ndi du / dt amitundu yamtundu wa SPD ndi akulu kwambiri. Zomwe zimakhudza ma semiconductor mkati mwa zida zotetezedwa kumbuyo kwa SPD yoyamba zimawonekera kwambiri.

(7) Spark gap SPD popanda kuwonetsa kuwonongeka ntchito

(8) Mtundu wamtundu wa SPD sungathe kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa ma alamu ndi ma siginidwe akutali (pakadali pano amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi LED posonyeza momwe dera lawo limathandizira, ndipo sikuwonetsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa kuwomba kwa mphezi protector), chomwecho ndi Kwa malo osayang'aniridwa, SPD yapakatikati siyingagwiritsidwe bwino.

Mwachidule: malinga ndi momwe magawo, zizindikiro, ndi magwiridwe antchito monga kutsalira kotsalira, kutalika kwa mtunda, gasi wotentha, nthawi yoyankhira, palibe alamu yowonongeka, komanso kusaina cholakwika chakutali, kugwiritsa ntchito mpata wa SPD pamalo oyambira ukuwopseza kuyendetsa bwino njira yolumikizirana Nkhani.

Komabe, pakupitilira kwaukadaulo, ukadaulo wa mtundu wa SPD ukupitilizabe kuthana ndi zofooka zake, kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa SPD kukuwonetsanso zabwino zake. M'zaka 15 zapitazi, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chambiri chachitika pamtundu wamlengalenga (onani Gulu 5):

Potengera magwiridwe antchito, mbadwo watsopano wazogulitsa uli ndi maubwino otsalira otsalira amagetsi, kutuluka kwakukulu, ndi kukula pang'ono. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Micro-gap trigger, imatha kuzindikira kutalika kwa "0" komwe kumayenderana ndi kukakamiza kwa SPD komanso kuphatikiza kwa SPD yoletsa kukakamiza. Zimathandizanso pakulephera kuyankha ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zoteteza mphezi. Potengera magwiridwe antchito, mbadwo watsopano wazinthu zitha kutsimikizira kuti ntchito yonseyo ikuyendetsedwa bwino poyang'anira magwiridwe antchito oyambitsa. Chida chothamangitsira kutentha chimayikidwa mkati mwazogulitsa kuti zisawonongeke chipolopolo chakunja; Ukadaulo wawukulu wotsegulira umakhazikitsidwa mu elekitirodi kuti mupewe kuyenda kosalekeza pambuyo pa kuwoloka kwa zero. Nthawi yomweyo, imaperekanso ntchito yolankhulira ndi ma alarm kuti isankhe kukula kofanana ndi mphezi, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki.

Tebulo 5: Kukula kwakanthawi kwa kusiyana kwamoto

S / N	zaka	mbali Main	ndemanga
1	1993	Khazikitsani mpata wooneka ngati "V" womwe umasintha kuchoka pang'ono mpaka yayikulu, ndikukhazikitsa kachipangizo kotsekemera m'mphepete mwa chigwachi ngati kudzipatula kuti muthandizire kupeza magetsi otsika mpaka kumapeto, pogwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi ndi kapangidwe ka malo ndi zinthu mu 1993 Kutsogolera arc panja, kupanga mawonekedwe apakatikati ndikuzimitsa arc. Omwe amatulutsa mawonekedwe amtundu woyambirira anali ndi mphamvu zowononga kwambiri komanso kupezeka kwakukulu.
2	1998	Kugwiritsa ntchito dera loyambitsa zamagetsi, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira, kumazindikira ntchito yothandizira yoyambitsa. Zili pagawo lomwe lidayambitsa kutulutsa, komwe ndikumakweza kwakusokonekera kwakusokonekera. Kuchepetsa bwino mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndi ya pulse choyambitsa ndipo siyakhazikika mokwanira.
3	1999	Kutuluka kwa mphako kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono (kamene kamayambitsidwa ndi chosinthira), kapangidwe kake kamapangidwa ngati gawo lotsekedwa, ndipo mphako wozungulira woboola pakati kapena wopangidwa ndi arc amasinthidwa kuchokera kuzing'ono mpaka zazikulu, ndipo wowongolera mpweya poyambira amaperekedwa mbali kuti atsegule kukoka ndikutambasula Mpweya wamagetsi wazimitsidwa ndipo mawonekedwe otsekedwa atha kudzazidwa ndi gasi wazimitsa wa arc. Ndikukula kwa ma elekitirodi oyambira kumaliseche koyambirira. Poyerekeza ndi kusiyana kwachikhalidwe kotsekedwa, cholumikizira cha arc kapena chozungulira chimakulitsa danga ndi ma elekitirodi, omwe amakhala ocheperako. Kusiyana kwa ma elekitirodi ndikochepa, kuthekera kwakanthawi sikokwanira,
4	2004	Gwirizanani ndi ukadaulo woyambitsa kachipangizo kakang'ono, tengani kutalika kwakutali kwama elekitirodi ndi ukadaulo wazitsulo wazizira wazitsulo, Limbikitsani kwambiri ukadaulo woyambitsa komanso luso lapakatikati, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi kumakhala kolimba komanso kodalirika.
5	2004	Gwiritsani ntchito chida choteteza mphezi kuti mupange chida chotetezera choteteza chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira za Class B ndi Class C. Ma module opangidwa ndi mipata yotulutsa, ma module opangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi, mabesi ndi zida zowonongeka zimaphatikizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti apange zida zotetezera madzi

Mapu olondola

3. Zofanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa telecommunication SPD ndi SPD yamagetsi

Gulu 6: Kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa telecommunication SPD ndi SPD yamagetsi

Gulu 7: Ntchito zamagetsi zamagwiritsidwe ntchito a SPD

4. Mgwirizano pakati pa chitetezo chakunja kwakanthawi ndi SPD

Zofunikira pakutchinjiriza kwaposachedwa (dera lamagetsi kapena fyuzi) mu cholumikizira:

(1) Tsatirani GB / T18802.12: 2006 "Surge Protection Device (SPD) Gawo 12: Kusankha ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo a Low Voltage Distribution System", "SPD ndi zida zotetezera zikamagwirizana, omwe amatchedwa Under the discharge current Mu, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti woteteza wapano asamagwire ntchito; pomwe pompano pali chachikulu kuposa In, woteteza wapano amatha kugwira ntchito. Kwa munthu wotetezedwa yemwe wangokhala kumene, ngati wophulitsa dera, sayenera kuwonongeka ndi kuchuluka uku. ”

(2) Mtengo wovoteledwa wapano pazida zachitetezo chazomwe zikuyenera kusankhidwa kutengera kutalika kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kungapangidwe pakukhazikitsa kwa SPD komanso kufupika kwanthawi yayitali kupirira kuthekera kwa SPD (koperekedwa ndi wopanga SPD ), ndiye kuti, "SPD ndi chitetezo chamakono cholumikizidwa nacho. Maulendo apafupipafupi (omwe amapangidwa SPD ikalephera) a chipangizocho ndi ofanana kapena okulirapo kuposa mayendedwe afupipafupi omwe akuyembekezeredwa pakukhazikitsa. ”

(3) Ubale wosankhidwayo uyenera kukhutira pakati pazida zotetezera zomwe zilipo F1 ndi cholumikizira chakunja cha SPD F2 polowera magetsi. Chithunzi cholumikizira mayesowa ndi motere:

Zotsatira zafukufuku ndi izi:
(a) Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamafayilo ndi ma fuseti
U (dera baka ichidachi) ≥ 1.1U (lama fuyusi)
U (SPD + wotetezera wapano) ndiye vekitole ya U1 (woteteza wapano) ndi U2 (SPD).

(b) Kutalika kwamphamvu komwe fuse kapena woyimitsa dera amatha kupirira

Pansi poti woteteza pakali pano sakugwira ntchito, pezani kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwambiri komwe fuse ndi breaker yoyenda ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana omwe angathe kupirira. Dera loyesa likuwonetsedwa pamwambapa. Njira yoyeserayi ndi iyi: njira yothamangitsira pakali pano ndi ine, ndipo fuseti kapena dera lozungulira siligwira ntchito. Nthawi 1.1 ndikadayimitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, imagwira ntchito. Kudzera mukuyesera, tapeza zochepa zomwe zatchulidwa pakadali pano zofunika kuti oteteza pakadali pano asagwire ntchito posachedwa (8/20 /s wave current kapena 10 / 350µs wave wave). Onani tebulo:

Tebulo 8: Mtengo wochepa wa fuseti ndi chowongolera dera pansi pakulowererapo komwe kuli ndi mawonekedwe a 8 / 20µs

Tebulo 9: Mtengo wochepa wa fuseti ndi dera lozungulira siligwira ntchito pakadali pano pa 10 / 350µs