Zothetsera Ma Railways & Transportation Surge Protection Devices ndi Kuchepetsa Ma Voltage

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuteteza?

Kuteteza njanji: Masitima apamtunda, ma metro, ma tramu

Kuyendetsa njanji makamaka, mobisa, pansi kapena ma tramu, kumatsindika kwambiri chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa magalimoto, makamaka poteteza anthu mosavomerezeka. Pachifukwa ichi zida zonse zamagetsi, zotsogola (mwachitsanzo kuwongolera, kusainira kapena zidziwitso) zimafunikira kudalirika kwakukulu kukwaniritsa zosowa zachitetezo ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Pazifukwa zachuma, makinawa alibe mphamvu zokwanira zamagetsi pazochitika zilizonse zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chokwera kwambiri chifukwa chake chitetezo chokwanira chiyenera kusinthidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zoyendetsa njanji. Mtengo wachitetezo chazovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi panjanji ndizochepa chabe pamtengo wonse waukadaulo wotetezedwa komanso ndalama zochepa pokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha kulephera kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida. Zowonongekazo zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zotsatira zamagetsi othamangitsa pamagetsi owongoka kapena osawonekera, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, zolephera kapena chifukwa champhamvu yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi chitsulo cha zida zanjanji.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokhazokha zodzitetezera ndizovuta komanso kulumikizana kwa ma SPD ndi kulumikizana kwa equipotential molumikizana mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji. Zovuta zimatsimikizika pakuyika zida zotetezera pazolowera ndi zotuluka zonse za chipangizocho, kuti mizere yonse yamagetsi, ma siginolo ndi kulumikizana kumatetezedwa. Kuphatikizika kwa chitetezo kumatsimikiziridwa mwa kukhazikitsa ma SPD okhala ndi zoteteza zosiyanasiyana motsatizana molondola kuti pang'onopang'ono muchepetse mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi kuti zikhale zotetezeka pazida zotetezedwa. Zida zochepetsera magetsi ndizofunikanso poteteza njanji zamagetsi. Amathandizira kupewa magetsi osakhudzidwa pazitsulo pazitsulo popanga kulumikizana kwakanthawi kapena kosatha kwa magawo azoyendetsa ndi gawo lobwerera lamphamvu. Mwa ntchitoyi amateteza makamaka anthu omwe angalumikizane ndi ziwonetserozi.

Kodi ndi momwe mungatetezere?

Zipangizo Zowonjezera (SPD) za masitima apamtunda ndi njanji

Mizere yamagetsi AC 230/400 V

Malo okwerera njanji makamaka amayimitsa sitimayo pakubwera ndi kunyamuka kwa okwera. M'nyumba muli zidziwitso zofunika, kasamalidwe, kayendetsedwe ndi chitetezo cha mayendedwe amanjanji, komanso malo osiyanasiyana monga zipinda zodikirira, malo odyera, mashopu, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yamagetsi wamba, chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwawo kwamagetsi malo, atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chifukwa cholephera kuyendetsa magetsi. Kuti magwiridwe antchito asamagwire ntchito mopanda mavuto, chitetezo chazigawo zitatu chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazingwe zamagetsi za AC. Kukonzekera koyenera kwa zida zoteteza za LSP ndi izi:

• Bokosi lalikulu logawira (cholowa, kulowetsa mzere wamagetsi) - SPD Type 1, mwachitsanzo Zamgululi, kapena wophatikizira mphezi wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu 1 + 2, mwachitsanzo Zamgululi.
• Magawo ogawa pang'ono - chitetezo chachiwiri, SPD Type 2, mwachitsanzo Zamgululi.
• Technology / zida - gawo lachitatu loteteza, SPD Mtundu 3,

- Ngati zida zotetezedwazo zili mkati kapena pafupi ndi bolodi, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito SPD Type 3 pakukweza pa DIN njanji 35 mm, monga Zamgululi.

- Zikakhala zotchinjiriza ma circuits otsekemera momwe zida za IT monga ma kope, makompyuta, ndi zina zambiri zitha kulumikizidwa, ndiye kuti ndi SPD yoyenera yowonjezera yowonjezera m'mabokosi azitsulo, mwachitsanzo. FLD.

- Makina ambiri amakono owerengera ndi kuwongolera amayang'aniridwa ndi microprocessors ndi makompyuta. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa chitetezo chokwanira, ndikofunikanso kuthana ndi zovuta zamawayilesi zomwe zingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito, mwachitsanzo "kuzizira" purosesa, kulemba deta kapena kukumbukira. Pazinthu izi LSP imalimbikitsa FLD. Palinso mitundu ina malinga ndi katundu amene mukufuna pakali pano.

Kuphatikiza pa nyumba zake zanjanji, gawo lina lofunikira pazomangamanga zonse ndi njanji yomwe ili ndi njira zingapo zowongolera, zowunikira komanso kuwonetsa ma siginolo (mwachitsanzo magetsi amagetsi, kulumikizana kwamagetsi, zopinga zolowera, zowerengera zamagudumu agalimoto etc.). Kutetezedwa kwawo ku zovuta zakukhudzidwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino.

• Kuti muteteze zida izi ndikoyenera kukhazikitsa mtundu wa SPD 1 mzati wamagetsi, kapena chinthu china chabwino kuchokera ku mtundu wa FLP12,5, SPD Type 1 + 2 yomwe, chifukwa chazitetezo zochepa, zimateteza bwino zida.

Pazida zanjanji zomwe zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi njanji (mwachitsanzo, chida chowerengera ngolo), ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito FLD, chida chochepetsera magetsi, kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakati pa njanji ndi malo otetezera zida. Amapangidwa kuti azikwera mosavuta njanji ya DIN 35 mm.

Tekinoloje yolumikizirana

Gawo lofunikira pakayendedwe ka njanji nawonso ndi matekinoloje onse olumikizirana ndi chitetezo chawo choyenera. Pakhoza kukhala mizere yolumikizirana ya digito ndi analogue yogwira ntchito pazingwe zachikale kapena mosasunthika. Pofuna kuteteza zida zolumikizidwa kumayendedwe awa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachitsanzo awa omangidwa a LSP:

• Matelefoni omwe ali ndi ADSL kapena VDSL2 - mwachitsanzo RJ11S-TELE pakhomo lolowera mnyumbayo komanso pafupi ndi zida zotetezedwa.
• Ma netiweki a Ethernet - kuteteza konsekonse kwa ma network ndi mizere yophatikizidwa ndi PoE, mwachitsanzo DT-CAT-6AEA.
• Chingwe cha antenna chotsegulira kulumikizana opanda zingwe - mwachitsanzo DS-N-FM

Mizere yolamulira ndi data

Mizere yazida zoyezera ndikuwongolera pazomangamanga ziyenera kukhala, zachidziwikire, kutetezedwa ku zovuta za ma surges ndi overvoltage kuti tikhalebe odalirika kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito. Chitsanzo cha kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha LSP pamasamba ndi ma network ndi awa:

• Kuteteza kwa siginecha ndi mizere yoyezera kuzinthu zanjanji - oyimilira oyendetsa ST 1 + 2 + 3, mwachitsanzo FLD.

Kodi ndi momwe mungatetezere?

Zipangizo Zochepetsa Voteji (VLD) zamawayilesi ndi njanji

Pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa njanji, chifukwa chakuchepa kwamagetsi mumayendedwe obwerera, kapena pokhudzana ndi vuto, pakhoza kuchitika magetsi osakhudzidwa kwambiri pazigawo zomwe zingapezeke pakati pobwerera ndi kuthekera kwa dziko lapansi, kapena pamagawo owonekera (mitengo) , ma handrails ndi zida zina). Kumalo omwe anthu ambiri amatha kufikako monga masitima apamtunda kapena njanji, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa magetsiwa kuti akhale otetezedwa mwa kukhazikitsa Voltage Limiting Devices (VLD). Ntchito yawo ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwakanthawi kapena kosatha kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zimawululidwa ndi dera lobwerera ngati zingaloledwe kugwiranso ntchito kwamagetsi. Mukamasankha VLD ndikofunikira kuti muone ngati ntchito ya VLD-F, VLD-O kapena zonse ziwiri zikufunika, monga tafotokozera mu EN 50122-1. Magawo owonekera am'munsi kapena pamizere yolumikizidwa nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi dera lobwerera molunjika kapena kudzera pachida chamtundu wa VLD-F. Chifukwa chake, zida zochepetsera magetsi za mtundu wa VLD-F zimapangidwa kuti zizitetezedwa ngati pali zolakwika, mwachitsanzo, kufupikitsa kwa magetsi ndi gawo lowonekera. Zida zamtundu wa VLD-O zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, mwachitsanzo, amachepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi njanji panthawi yamagalimoto. Ntchito yamagetsi yoletsa magetsi siyoteteza ku mphezi komanso kusintha mafunde. Chitetezo ichi chimaperekedwa ndi Surge Protective Devices (SPD). Zofunikira pa ma VLD zasintha kwambiri ndi mtundu watsopano wa EN 50526-2 ndipo pali zofuna zapamwamba kwambiri kwa iwo tsopano. Malinga ndi mulingo uwu, malire a VLD-F amalembedwa ngati gulu 1 ndi VLD-O mitundu ngati gulu 2.1 ndi gulu 2.2.

LSP imateteza njanji

Pewani kupumula kwadongosolo ndi zosokoneza munjira zanjanji

Kuyenda bwino kwa ukadaulo wa njanji kumadalira magwiridwe antchito amachitidwe osiyanasiyana amagetsi, amagetsi komanso amagetsi. Kupezeka kwanthawizonse kwamachitidwe awa, komabe, kukuwopsezedwa ndi kuwomba kwa mphezi komanso kusokonekera kwamagetsi. Monga lamulo, otsogolera owonongeka ndi owonongeka, zophatikizika, ma module kapena makompyuta ndizomwe zimayambitsa zisokonezo komanso kusokoneza nthawi. Izi, zimatanthauzanso sitima zapamtunda komanso mtengo wokwera.

Kuchepetsa zosokoneza okwera mtengo ndikuchepetsa nthawi yopumulira… ndikumveketsa mphezi ndi malingaliro oteteza ogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna.

Zifukwa zosokoneza ndi kuwonongeka

Izi ndi zifukwa zofala kwambiri zosokoneza, kuchepa kwa nthawi ndi kuwonongeka kwa njanji zamagetsi:

• Mphezi zowongoka

Mphezi imagunda pamizere yolumikizana, mayendedwe kapena ziboda nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zisokonezo kapena kulephera kwa dongosolo.

• Mphezi zosalunjika ziwomba

Mphezi zimamenya nyumba yapafupi kapena pansi. Kutentha kwamphamvu kumagawidwa kudzera pazingwe kapena kuyambitsa mosavomerezeka, kuwononga kapena kuwononga zida zamagetsi zopanda chitetezo.

• Magawo olowerera pamagetsi

Kutentha kwamphamvu kumatha kuchitika ngati makina osiyanasiyana amalumikizana chifukwa cha kuyandikira wina ndi mnzake, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe owunikira pamsewu, mizere yamagetsi othamangitsa kwambiri ndi mizere yolumikizira yapamtunda yanjanji.

• Zochitika mkati mwa njanji yomwe

Kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndi kuyambitsa mafyuzi ndiwowonjezera chiopsezo chifukwa amathanso kupanga ma surges ndikuwononga.

Kuyendetsa njanji nthawi zambiri kumayenera kulipidwa ku chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito osasokoneza, komanso kuteteza anthu mosavutikira. Chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa njanji ziyenera kukhala ndi kudalirika kofananira ndizofunikira kuti mugwire bwino ntchito. Mpata wopezeka polephera chifukwa chakumapeto kwa mwadzidzidzi kumachepetsedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphezi omwe akumangidwa pano ndi zida zotetezera zopangidwa ndi LSP.

Kuteteza magetsi oyendera 230/400 V AC
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti njira zoyendera njanji zilibe vuto lililonse tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa magawo onse atatu a SPD mu mzere wamagetsi. Gawo loyamba lachitetezo limakhala ndi chida choteteza chitetezo cha FLP, gawo lachiwiri limapangidwa ndi SLP SPD, ndipo gawo lachitatu limayikidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi zida zotetezedwa ndikuyimiridwa ndi mndandanda wa TLP wokhala ndi fyuluta yopondereza ya HF.

Zipangizo zoyankhulirana ndi maulamuliro
Njira zolankhulirana ndizotetezedwa ndi ma SPD amtundu wa FLD, kutengera ukadaulo wolumikizirana womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuteteza maulamuliro oyang'anira madera ndi ma data kumatha kutengera ma FRD amagetsi omwe akumanga pano.

Kuteteza Mphezi: Kuyendetsa Sitimayi

Tikaganizira za chitetezo cha mphezi monga zimakhudzira mafakitale ndi masoka timaganizira zodziwikiratu; Mafuta ndi Gasi, Kulumikizana, Kupanga Mphamvu, Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi zina zambiri. Koma ochepa mwa ife amaganiza za sitima, njanji kapena mayendedwe ambiri. Kulekeranji? Sitima ndi makina oyendetsera ntchito omwe ali pachiwopsezo atha kungowonongeka ndi mphezi monga china chilichonse ndipo zotsatira za kuwomba mphezi kumalo omenyera njanji zitha kukhala zopinga ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsa. Magetsi ndi gawo lalikulu lantchito zanjanji ndipo kuchuluka kwa magawo ake ndi zida zake kuti apange njanji padziko lonse lapansi ndizochuluka.

Masitima apamtunda ndi njanji kugundidwa ndi kukhudzidwa zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira. Mu 2011, sitima yaku Eastern China (mumzinda wa Wenzhou, m'chigawo cha Zhejiang) idakanthidwa ndi mphezi yomwe idayimitsa njira zake ndi mphamvu yomwe idagwedezeka. Sitima yapamtunda yothamanga kwambiri idagunda sitimayo yomwe inali isakulephera. Anthu 43 anafa ndipo ena 210 anavulala. Mtengo wodziwikiratu wa ngoziyi unali $ 15.73 Miliyoni.

Munkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa ku UK's Network Rails akuti ku UK "Mphezi idawomba njanji zowononga pafupifupi 192 pachaka chilichonse pakati pa 2010 ndi 2013, kunyanyala kulikonse kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwa mphindi 361. Kuphatikiza apo, sitima 58 pachaka zinaimitsidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mphezi. ” Izi zimakhudza kwambiri chuma komanso malonda.

Mu 2013, wokhalamo adagwidwa ndi mphezi za kamera akumenya sitima ku Japan. Zinali zabwino kuti kunyanyalaku sikunapweteke aliyense, koma kukadakhala kowopsa zikadagunda pamalo oyenera. Chifukwa cha iwo anasankha kutetezedwa ndi mphezi panjanji. Ku Japan asankha njira zoyeserera poteteza njanji pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsimikizika zotetezera mphezi ndipo Hitachi akutsogolera njira yoyendetsera ntchitoyi.

Mphezi nthawi zonse yakhala chiwopsezo cha nambala 1 pakuyenda kwa njanji, makamaka munjira zoyendetsera ntchito zaposachedwa zomwe zili ndi mawayilesi achinsinsi olimbana ndi mafunde kapena Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) chifukwa cha mphezi monga zotsatira zake zachiwiri.

Yotsatirayi ndi imodzi mwazofufuza zakuteteza kuyatsa njanji zapayokha ku Japan.

Tsukuba Express Line yadziwika bwino chifukwa chantchito yake yodalirika popanda nthawi yocheperako. Makina awo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta ali ndi zida zotetezera mphezi. Komabe, mu 2006 mvula yamkuntho yamkuntho idawononga makina ndikusokoneza kayendetsedwe kake. Hitachi adapemphedwa kuti akafunse zawonongeka ndikupereka yankho.

Lingaliroli lidaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa Dissipation Array Systems (DAS) ndi izi:

Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa DAS, sipanakhale kuwonongeka kwa mphezi m'malo awa kwazaka zopitilira 7. Kufotokozera bwino kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikitsa DAS pasiteshoni iliyonse pamzerewu chaka chilichonse kuyambira 2007 mpaka pano. Ndi kupambana uku, Hitachi yakhazikitsa njira zofananira zoteteza njanji zamayendedwe ena apamtunda (makampani 7 oyendetsa njanji zapano pano).

Pomaliza, Mphezi nthawi zonse zimawopseza malo okhala ndi zovuta komanso mabizinesi, osangokhala njanji zokha monga zafotokozedwera pamwambapa. Magalimoto aliwonse omwe amadalira magwiridwe antchito komanso nthawi yochepetsetsa amafunika kuti malo awo azitetezedwa ku nyengo zosayembekezereka. Ndi ma Lightning Protection Solutions (kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa DAS), Hitachi ndiwofunitsitsa kuthandizira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makasitomala ake akupitilizabe.

Kuteteza Mphezi kwa Njanji ndi Makampani Ogwirizana

Malo okhala njanji ndi ovuta komanso opanda chifundo. Kapangidwe kake kameneka kamakhala ngati kanyanga kakang'ono kwambiri. Izi zimafunikira njira yolingalira kuti iteteze zinthu zomwe zili zomangidwa ndi njanji, zoyendetsedwa ndi njanji kapena moyandikira njirayo, motsutsana ndi magesi. Chomwe chimapangitsa zinthu kukhala chovuta kwambiri ndikukula kwakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi m'malo amanjanji. Mwachitsanzo, kusaina makina kwasintha kuchokera pakulowererana kwamakina kukhala kokhazikitsidwa ndi zida zapamwamba zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika momwe njanji ikuyendera kwabweretsa makina ambiri amagetsi. Chifukwa chake kufunikira kotetezedwa ndi mphezi mbali zonse za njanji. Zomwe mlembi adakumana nazo pakuwunikira chitetezo cha njanji tidzagawana nanu.

Introduction

Ngakhale pepalali likuyang'ana kwambiri pazomwe zikuchitika munjanji, mfundo zachitetezo zidzagwiranso ntchito kwa mafakitale ofanana pomwe zida zoyikidwazo zimakhala kunja kwa makabati ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi makina oyang'anira / kuyeza kudzera pazingwe. Ndiko kugawidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira njira yowonjezerapo yachitetezo cha mphezi.

Malo okhala njanji

Malo okhala njanji amalamulidwa ndi mawonekedwe am'mwamba, omwe amapanga tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tambiri. M'madera akumidzi mawonekedwe apamwamba ndiye chandamale chachikulu cha kutulutsa mphezi. Chingwe chodulira pamwamba pamatabwa, onetsetsani kuti kapangidwe kake kali ndi kuthekera komweko. Sitimayo iliyonse yachitatu mpaka yachisanu imalumikizidwa ndi njanji yobwerera (njanji ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa). M'madera otsekemera a DC masiti amatalikirana ndi dziko lapansi kuti ateteze ma electrolyses, pomwe m'malo otengera AC masts amalumikizana ndi dziko lapansi. Njira zowerengera zapamwamba komanso njira zoyesera zimakonzedwa ndi njanji kapena pafupi ndi njanjiyo. Zida zoterezi zimawonekera paziwombankhanga munjanji, zomwe zimatengedwa kudzera pamwamba pake. Masensa pa njanji amalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zolumikizidwa munjira, zomwe zimatchulidwa padziko lapansi. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chomwe zida zanjanji zomwe zimangokhala sikuti zimangokhala ndi ma surges okha, komanso zimawonekeranso (ma semi-direct). Kugawidwa kwa magetsi pamakina osiyanasiyana ndikumagwiritsanso ntchito mizere yamagetsi, yomwe imathandizanso kuwombera mphezi. Chingwe cholumikizira zingwe mobisa chimalumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ma subsystem omwe amakhala muzitsulo zazitsulo m'mbali mwa msewu, zotengera zomangidwa mwadongosolo kapena nyumba za konkriti za Rocla. Awa ndi malo ovuta pomwe njira zotetezera mphezi ndizofunikira pakupulumuka kwa zida. Zida zowonongeka zimapangitsa kusowa kwa ma siginecha, ndikuwononga magwiridwe antchito.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera komanso kuwonetsa zinthu

Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika thanzi lamagalimoto komanso zovuta zapanjanji. Zina mwazomwezi ndi: Zoyang'anira zotentha, Zoyatsira moto, Njira yoyezera mawonekedwe a Wheel, Kuyeza poyenda / magudumu amiyeso, Skew bogie detector, Wayside kupsinjika kwakanthawi, Kudziwitsa magalimoto, Ma Weigh Bridgeges. Zinthu zosainira izi ndizofunikira ndipo zikuyenera kupezeka kuti pakhale siginecha yothandiza: Tsatirani ma circuits, zowerengera za axle, Kuzindikira kwa Points ndi zida zamagetsi.

Njira zodzitetezera

Chitetezo chosunthika chikuwonetsa chitetezo pakati pa oyendetsa. Kuteteza kwakanthawi kumatanthauza chitetezo pakati pa wochititsa ndi dziko lapansi. Kutetezedwa kwamisewu itatu kumaphatikizira chitetezo chotalikirapo komanso chosunthika pamaulendo awiri oyendetsa. Chitetezo cha njira ziwiri chimakhala ndi chitetezo chowoloka kuphatikiza kotetezera kwakanthawi kokha kwa wopondereza (wamba) woyendetsa waya wama waya awiri.

Kuteteza kwa mphezi pamzere wamagetsi

Tsitsani ma thiransifoma akhazikika pazinyumba za H-mast ndipo amatetezedwa ndi ma voliyumu amtundu wamagetsi okwera kudziko lodzipereka la HT. Chingwe chotsika cha belu chotulutsa phula chimayikidwa pakati pa chingwe cha HT chodetsa pansi ndi dongosolo la H-mast. H-mast imagwirizanitsidwa ndi njanji yobwerera. Pa bolodi logawira magetsi mchipinda chazida, chitetezo chamiyendo itatu chimayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma module oteteza 1. Chitetezo chachigawo chachiwiri chimakhala ndi ma inductors angapo omwe ali ndi ma module otetezera a class 2 kupita ku central system. Chitetezo chachitatu chimakhala ndi ma MOV kapena ma Suppressors osakhalitsa mkati mwa kabati yazida zamagetsi.

Mphamvu yamaimidwe yamaola anayi imaperekedwa kudzera m'mabatire ndi ma inverters. Popeza kutulutsa kwa inverter kumadyetsa kudzera pachingwe kuzida zapambuyo, imadziwikanso kumayendedwe amagetsi kumapeto kwa chingwe chobisa. Chitetezo chapaulendo chachitatu chayikidwa kuti chisamalire ma surges awa.

Mfundo zachitetezo

Mfundo zotsatirazi zimatsatiridwa pakupanga chitetezo chamitundu yosiyanasiyana:

Dziwani zingwe zonse zolowa ndi zotuluka.
Gwiritsani ntchito kasinthidwe ka njira zitatu.
Pangani njira yodutsamo kuti mupitirire mphamvu ngati zingatheke.
Sungani makina a 0V ndi zowonera chingwe mosiyana ndi dziko lapansi.
Gwiritsani ntchito earthmotential. Pewani kumangirira mwamphamvu kulumikizana kwapadziko lapansi.
Osasamalira kuwombera kwachindunji.

Chitetezo chotsutsana ndi axle

Pofuna kupewa mafunde amphezi kuti "akopeke" kumtunda wapadziko lapansi, zida zapa mseu zimayandama. Mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa mchingwe ndi zingwe zowerengera njanji ziyenera kugwidwa ndikuwongolera mozungulira ma elektroniki (onjezerani) kulumikizidwe lolumikizira komwe kumalumikiza njira yolowera njira yopita kumtunda wowerengera (wowunikira) mchipinda cha zida. Maseketi onse otumiza, olandila komanso olumikizirana ndi "otetezedwa" motere kupita ku ndege yoyandama yoyenda bwino. Mphamvu zowonjezereka zidzachoka pazingwe za mchira kupita pachingwe chachikulu kudzera pa ndege ndi zida zotetezera. Izi zimalepheretsa mphamvu zowonjezera kuti zithe kudutsa ma circuits amagetsi ndikuwononga. Njirayi imatchedwa chitetezo chodutsa, yatsimikizira kuti ndi yopambana kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pakafunika kutero. Pachipinda chogwiritsira ntchito chingwe cholumikizira chimapatsidwa njira zitatu zopewera kuti ziwongolere mphamvu zonse padziko lapansi.

Kuteteza kwa njira zoyesera njanji

Zipilala zolemera ndi ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopanikizika zomwe zimamangiriridwa munjanji. Kukula kwa magalasi opanikizikawa ndikotsika kwambiri, komwe kumawapangitsa kuti azikhala pachiwopsezo ndi mphezi munjanji, makamaka chifukwa chakuyesa kwamayeso mkati mwa kanyumba koyandikira. Ma module otetezera a Class 2 (275V) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa njanji ku system lapansi kudzera zingwe zosiyana. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa njanji, zowonera zazingwe zopotoka zidadulidwa kumapeto kwa njanji. Zowonetsera pazingwe zonse sizimalumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi, koma zimatulutsidwa kudzera pamakina amagetsi. Izi zidzaletsa (kulunjika) phokoso lakumtunda kuti lisalumikizidwe ndi ma circuits azingwe. Kuti mugwire ntchito ngati chophimba potanthauzira, chinsalucho chiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi dongosolo 0V. Kuti mumalize chithunzi chachitetezo, dongosolo la 0V liyenera kusiyidwa likuyandama (osatenthedwa), pomwe mphamvu ikubwera iyenera kutetezedwa moyenera munjira zopitilira katatu.

Earthing kudzera pamakompyuta

Vuto lachilengedwe chonse limakhalapo pamayeso onse komwe makompyuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athe kusanthula deta ndi zina. Nthawi zonse chassis chamakompyuta chimakumbidwa kudzera pachingwe chamagetsi ndipo 0V (chingwe cholozera) chamakompyuta chimapanganso. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphwanya mfundo yosunga muyeso woyandama ngati chitetezo champhamvu zamagetsi zakunja. Njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndi kudyetsa makompyuta kudzera pa chosinthira chodzipatula ndikupatula chimango chamakompyuta kuchokera pa kabati yomwe idayikidwapo. Maulalo a RS232 azida zina adzayambitsanso vuto, lomwe ulalo wa fiber optic umanenedwa ngati yankho. Mawu ofunikira ndikuwona dongosolo lonse ndikupeza yankho lathunthu.

Kuyandama kwa magetsi otsika

Ndichizolowezi kukhala ndi madera akunja otetezedwa padziko lapansi komanso magetsi omwe amafotokozedwera ndikutetezedwa padziko lapansi. Mphamvu zamagetsi zochepa, zida zamagetsi otsika komabe, zimangokhala phokoso pamakomo amawu ndi kuwonongeka kwakuthupi komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira zingwe. Yankho lothandiza kwambiri pamavutowa ndikoyendetsa zida zamagetsi zochepa. Njirayi idatsatiridwa ndikukhazikitsidwa pamawonekedwe olimba a boma. Makina ena ochokera ku Europe adapangidwa kotero kuti ma module atalowetsedwa, amatsegulidwira ku cabinet. Nthaka iyi imafikira ndege yapadziko lonse lapansi pama board a pc motero. Ma capacitors otsika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa phokoso pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi dongosolo 0V. Ma Surge omwe amachokera panjira yolowera amalowa kudzera m'madoko osonyeza mbuyo ndikudutsa ma capacitors, kuwononga zida ndipo nthawi zambiri kumasiya njira yopezera 24V yamkati kuwononga kwathunthu ma board a pc. Izi zidachitika ngakhale chitetezo chamitundu itatu (130V) pama circuits onse omwe amabwera kapena akutuluka. Kupatukana momveka bwino kunapangidwa pakati pa bungwe la nduna ndi makina oyikira mabasi. Kuteteza konse kwa mphezi kunatchulidwa ku bar ya pansi. Makina apadziko lapansi komanso zida zazingwe zakunja zidathetsedwa pa bala yapabasi. Nduna idayandama kuchokera pansi. Ngakhale ntchitoyi idachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yam'mphezi yaposachedwa kwambiri, palibe kuwonongeka kwa mphezi komwe kunanenedwapo kuchokera m'malo aliwonse asanu (pafupifupi 80 mayikidwe) omwe adachitika, pomwe mphezi zingapo zidadutsa. Nyengo yotsatira ya mphezi iwonetsa ngati njira yonseyi ikuyenda bwino.

zipambano

Kudzera mukuyesetsa modzipereka ndikuwonjezera kukhazikitsa njira zabwino zotetezera mphezi, zolakwika zokhudzana ndi mphezi zafika posintha.

Monga nthawi zonse ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena mukufuna zina zowonjezera omasuka kulumikizana nafe ku sales@lsp-international.com

Samalani kunja uko! Pitani ku www.lsp-international.com pazosowa zanu zonse zoteteza mphezi. Kutsatira ife pa Twitter, Facebook ndi LinkedIn kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Wenzhou Arrester Electric Co., Ltd. (LSP) ndiwopanga kwathunthu ku China wa AC & DC SPDs ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.

LSP imapereka zotsatirazi ndi mayankho:

1. Chipangizo choteteza AC (SPD) champhamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku 75Vac mpaka 1000Vac malinga ndi IEC 61643-11: 2011 ndi EN 61643-11: 2012 (mtundu woyesa mayeso: T1, T1 + T2, T2, T3).
2. Chipangizo choteteza DC (SPD) cha photovolatics kuchokera ku 500Vdc mpaka 1500Vdc malinga ndi IEC 61643-31: 2018 ndi EN 50539-11: 2013 [EN 61643-31: 2019] (mtundu woyesa mayeso: T1 + T2, T2)
3. Woteteza mzere wama data monga PoE (Power over Ethernet) chitetezo chokwanira malinga ndi IEC 61643-21: 2011 ndi EN 61643-21: 2012 (mtundu wamayeso amtundu: T2).
4. Kuwala kwa mumsewu kwa LED kukutetezani

Zikomo chifukwa chakuchezera!