Kutetezedwa kwambiri pakuyenda kwamagetsi & EV Charger & galimoto yamagetsi
Kusuntha kwa Electro: Kuteteza modalirika zomangamanga
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamagalimoto amagetsi, komanso ukadaulo watsopano "wofulumira", kufunika kwa zomangamanga zodalirika komanso zotetezeka kukuwonjezekanso. Zipangizo zonse zonyamula komanso magalimoto olumikizidwa omwewo amafunika kutetezedwa kuti asawonongeke, chifukwa zonse zimakhala ndi zida zamagetsi.
Kuteteza zida motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphezi komanso kusinthasintha kwa magetsi mbali yamaukonde ndikofunikira. Kugunda kwamphezi kumakhala koopsa komanso kovuta kuteteza, koma chiwopsezo chenicheni cha zida zamagetsi zamtundu uliwonse chimachokera pakukwera kwamagetsi komwe kumabweretsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi gridi, ndizomwe zingayambitse zoopsa zamagetsi zamagalimoto zamagetsi ndi malo opangira ma driver. Maulendo afupipafupi ndi zolakwika zapadziko lapansi zitha kuwerengedwanso pazomwe zingayambitse zida izi.
Pofuna kukhala okonzeka kuthana ndi zoopsa zamagetsi izi, ndikofunikira kuchita zoteteza. Kuteteza ndalama zokwera mtengo ndikofunikira, ndipo miyezo yofananira yamagetsi imapereka njira ndi njira zoyenera zotetezera. Pali zambiri zofunika kuziganizira, chifukwa magwero osiyanasiyana owopsa sangayankhidwe ndi yankho limodzi pachilichonse. Pepala ili limathandiza kuthandizira kuzindikira zoopsa ndi njira zothetsera chitetezo, mbali zonse za AC ndi DC.
Unikani zochitika molondola
Zowonjezera zomwe zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, kuwomba kwamphamvu kwa mphezi mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika mu netiweki yosinthira pano (AC) iyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka kulowetsa kwa wofalitsa wamkulu wa chipangizocho cha EV. Chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika Ma Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale zovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi, atangoyendetsa dera lalikulu. Maziko abwino kwambiri amaperekedwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha mphezi IEC 62305-1 mpaka 4 ndi zitsanzo zake. Kumeneko, kuwerengetsa zowopsa komanso kuteteza kunja kwa mphezi kumakambidwa.
Magulu oteteza mphezi (LPL), omwe amafotokoza za ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofunikira, ndichofunikira pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, LPL I imaphatikizaponso nsanja zandege, zomwe zimayenera kugwirabe ntchito ngakhale atagunda mphezi (S1). LPL Ndimaganiziranso zipatala; kumene zida ziyeneranso kugwira bwino ntchito pakagwa mabingu ndi kutetezedwa ku ngozi zamoto kuti anthu azikhala otetezeka nthawi zonse.
Kuti muwone zochitika zomwe zikugwirizana, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuwopsa kwa kugunda kwa mphezi ndi zotsatira zake. Pachifukwa ichi, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amapezeka, kuyambira pakukhudza mwachindunji (S1) mpaka kulumikiza molunjika (S4). Kuphatikiza ndi zochitika zake (S1-S4) ndi mtundu wofunsira (LPL I- / IV), zinthu zofananira ndi mphezi ndi chitetezo chazambiri zitha kutsimikizika.
Magulu otetezera mphezi otetezera mphezi zamkati amagawika m'magulu anayi: LPL I ndiye mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo akuyembekezeredwa ku 100 kA kuti ikwaniritse kuchuluka kwazomwe zimachitika mkati mwa ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza 200 kA yamphenzi kunja kwa mapulogalamuwo. Mwa izi, 50% amatayidwa pansi, ndipo "otsala" 100 kA amalumikizidwa mkatikati mwa nyumbayo. Pankhani yowopsa kwa mphezi S1, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mphezi I (LPL I), netiweki yoyenera iyenera kuganiziridwa. Zowonera kumanja zimapereka mtengo wofunikira kwa wochititsa aliyense:
Kutetezedwa koyenera kwa zomangamanga zamagetsi
Zomwezi ziyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazomanga magetsi. Kuphatikiza pa mbali ya AC, mbali ya DC iyeneranso kuganiziridwa pazamaukadaulo ena azipangizo. Ndikofunikira kutengera zitsanzo ndi malingaliro omwe aperekedwa pamagawo oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi. Chithunzichi chosavuta chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka siteshoni yotsatsira. Mulingo woteteza mphezi LPL III / IV umafunika. Chithunzichi pansipa chikuwonetsa zochitika za S1 mpaka S4:
Izi zitha kubweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira.
Zinthu izi ziyenera kuthana ndi mphezi ndi chitetezo champhamvu. Malangizo otsatirawa akupezeka pankhaniyi:
- Pakulipiritsa zomangamanga popanda kutetezedwa ndi mphezi (kulowetsa pakadali pano kapena kulowererana; mfundo zoyendetsera aliyense): kulumikizana kosawonekera kumachitika apa ndipo njira zokhazokha zotetezera chitetezo zimayenera kutengedwa. Izi zikuwonetsedwanso mu Gulu 2 pakapangidwe kazithunzi 8/20 μs, yomwe imayimira kugunda kwamphamvu.
Potereku kuwonetsa kulumikizana kwachindunji komanso kopanda njira kudzera pamzere wolumikizana, zomangamanga zonyamula zilibe chitetezo chamtundu chakunja. Apa chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha mphezi chimadziwika kudzera pamzere wapamwamba. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chitetezo cha mphezi mbali ya AC. Kulumikizana kwamagawo atatu kumafunikira chitetezo cha 5 kA (10/350 μs) pa conductor, onani Gulu 3.
- Pakulipirira zomangamanga ndi zoteteza kunja kwa mphezi: Chithunzi patsamba 4 chikuwonetsa dzina LPZ, lomwe likuyimira malo otchedwa Lightning Protection Zone - mwachitsanzo, malo achitetezo amagetsi omwe amabweretsa tanthauzo la chitetezo. LPZ0 ndi malo akunja opanda chitetezo; LPZ0B amatanthauza kuti malowa ali "mumthunzi" woteteza mphezi zakunja. LPZ1 amatanthauza khomo lolowera munyumba, mwachitsanzo malo olowera mbali ya AC. LPZ2 ikuyimira kugawa kwina mkati mwa nyumbayo.
M'malingaliro athu titha kuganiza kuti zopangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mphezi za LPZ0 / LPZ1 ndizofunikira zomwe zimadziwika kuti T1 (Type 1) (Class I per IEC kapena protection coarse). Pakusintha kuchokera ku LPZ1 kupita ku LPZ2 amalankhulanso za chitetezo chokwanira T2 (Mtundu 2), Class II pa IEC kapena chitetezo chapakati.
Muchitsanzo chathu mu Table 4, izi zikufanana ndi womangidwa ndi 4 x 12.5 kA yolumikizira AC, mwachitsanzo, mphezi zonse zomwe zili ndi 50 kA (10/350 μs). Kwa otembenuza AC / DC, zinthu zoyenera kutsata ziyenera kusankhidwa. Chenjezo: Kumbali ya AC ndi DC izi ziyenera kuchitidwa moyenera.
Tanthauzo la chitetezo chakamphezi chakunja
Kwa malo omwe amadzipangira okha, kusankha yankho lolondola kumatengera ngati siteshoni ili mkati mwachitetezo cha chitetezo chakunja kwa mphezi. Ngati ndi choncho, womanga T2 ndikwanira. M'madera akunja, womangidwa T1 ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi chiopsezo. Onani Gulu 4.
Chofunika: Zina zomwe zingasokoneze zingayambitsenso kuwononga ndalama zambiri chifukwa chake zimafunikira chitetezo choyenera. Izi zitha kukhala kusinthitsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi omwe amatulutsa zochulukirapo, mwachitsanzo, kapena zomwe zimachitika kudzera m'mizere yolowetsedwa mnyumbayo (matelefoni, mizere ya mabasi).
Lamulo lothandiza: Zingwe zonse zazitsulo, monga gasi, madzi kapena magetsi, omwe amalowetsa kapena kutuluka mnyumbayo ndi zinthu zomwe zingafalitse kufalikira kwa mafunde. Chifukwa chake, pofufuza zowopsa, nyumbayo iyenera kufufuzidwa ngati zingatheke ndipo chitetezo choyenera cha mphezi / kuwunika kuyenera kuganiziridwa pafupi kwambiri momwe zingasokonezere kapena malo olowera nyumba. Tebulo 5 pansipa limafotokoza mwachidule mitundu ingapo yodzitetezera yomwe ilipo:
Mtundu woyenera ndi SPD yomwe mungasankhe
Mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono kwambiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndikofunikira chifukwa chake kusankha mapangidwe oyenera ndi SPD yoyenera.
Poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wamba wa kumangidwa, ukadaulo wa LSP wosakanizidwa umatsimikizira kuchepa kwachangu kwambiri pazida zotetezedwa. Pokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira chokwanira, zida zomwe ziyenera kutetezedwa zimakhala ndi mayendedwe aposachedwa oyenda bwino komanso mphamvu zochepa (I2t) - chosintha cham'mtsinje chotsalira sichinachotsedwe.
Bwererani pakugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira ma magetsi pamagetsi amagetsi: Ngati zida zonyamula zili pamtunda wopitilira mamitala khumi kuchokera pa bolodi yayikulu yomwe chitetezo chachikulu chilipo, SPD yowonjezera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa molunjika kumapeto kwa AC mbali ya malowa malinga ndi IEC 61643-12.
Ma SPD pakulowetsedwa kwa bolodi lalikulu ayenera kuti azitha kupeza mafunde amphezi (12.5 kA pagawo lililonse), ogawidwa m'gulu la Class I malinga ndi IEC 61643-11, malinga ndi Gulu 1, mu netiweki ya AC yopanda mains pafupipafupi chochitika cha mphezi. Kuphatikiza apo, ayenera kukhala opanda kutayikira kwamakono (mu pre-metering application) komanso osaganizira zazitali zazitali zamagetsi zomwe zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zamagetsi otsika. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikiziranso ntchito yayitali komanso kudalirika kwa SPD. UL certification, yolemba 1CA kapena 2CA malinga ndi UL 1449-4th, imatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Ukadaulo wosakanizidwa wa LSP ndioyenera kutetezedwa ndi AC polowetsedwa ndi bolodi lalikulu mogwirizana ndi izi. Chifukwa chakapangidwe kopanda kutayikira, zida izi zitha kukhazikitsidwanso mdera la pre-mita.
Chidziwitso chapadera: Ntchito zapa Direct
Kuyenda kwamagetsi kumagwiritsanso ntchito matekinoloje monga kuthamanga mwachangu komanso makina osungira mabatire. Ntchito za DC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Izi zimafunikira omanga odzipereka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofananira, monga maulendo ataliatali ampweya ndi zokwawa. Popeza magetsi a DC, mosiyana ndi magetsi a AC, alibe zero zodutsa, ma arcs omwe amabwera sangathe kuzimitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, moto umatha kuchitika ndichifukwa chake chida choyenera chotetezera uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Popeza zigawozi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo (chitetezo chazovuta zochepa), ziyeneranso kutetezedwa ndi zida zoyenera zotetezera. Kupanda kutero, zitha kuwonongeka, zomwe zimafupikitsa moyo wautumiki.
Ndi chida chake FLP-PV1000, LSP imapereka yankho lomwe lakonzedwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mumtundu wa DC. Zofunikira zake ndizophatikizira kapangidwe kake komanso chida chodula chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzimitsa arc yosintha. Chifukwa chakutha kuzimitsa, zida zazifupi za 25 kA zitha kupatulidwa, monga zingayambitsidwe, mwachitsanzo, posungira batire.
Chifukwa FLP-PV1000 ndi Type 1 ndi Type 2 arrester, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito paliponse pama e-mobility ku DC mbali ngati mphezi kapena chitetezo champhamvu. Kutulutsa kwapadera kwa mankhwalawa ndi 20 kA pa conductor. Kuonetsetsa kuti kuyang'anira kutchinga sikukusokonezedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito omanga omwe alibe pompopompo - izi zimatsimikizidwanso ndi FLP-PV1000.
Chinthu china chofunikira ndi ntchito yoteteza pakawonjezeka (Uc). Apa FLP-PV1000 imapereka chitetezo mpaka 1000 volts DC. Popeza mulingo wachitetezo ndi <4.0 kV, chitetezo chamagalimoto amagetsi chimatsimikizika nthawi yomweyo. Mphamvu yamavuto oyendetsedwa a 4.0 kV iyenera kutsimikizika pazigalimotozi. Chifukwa chake ngati kulumikizana kuli kolondola SPD imatetezeranso galimoto yamagetsi yomwe ikulipidwa. (Chithunzi 3)
FLP-PV1000 imapereka chiwonetsero chofananira chautoto chomwe chimapereka chidziwitso chazambiri zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa malonda. Ndi kulumikizana kophatikizana kwa ma telefoni, kuwunikanso kumatha kuchitidwa kuchokera kumadera akutali.
Chitetezo cha chilengedwe chonse
LSP imapereka mbiri yabwino kwambiri pamsika, ndi chida chochitika chilichonse ndipo kangapo koposa kamodzi. Pazinthu zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi LSP zogulitsa zitha kuteteza bwino zida zonse zokhomera - zonse zothetsera IEC & EN ndi zinthu zina.
Kuonetsetsa kuyenda
Tetezani zomangamanga ndi magalimoto amagetsi pamagetsi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphezi malinga ndi zofunikira za IEC 60364-4-44 chiganizo 443, IEC 60364-7-722 ndi VDE AR-N-4100.
Magalimoto amagetsi - oyera, othamanga komanso odekha - akukhala otchuka kwambiri
Msika wama e-kuyenda womwe ukukula mofulumira ukuchititsa chidwi kwambiri makampani, zothandiza, madera komanso nzika. Ogwira ntchito amayesetsa kupeza phindu mwachangu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupewa nthawi yopuma. Izi zimachitika ndikuphatikizira malingaliro amphezi komanso chitetezo pamadongosolo.
Chitetezo - mwayi wopikisana
Zotsatira za mphezi ndi mafunde zimawononga kukhulupirika kwa zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Sikuti amangotsitsa ma post omwe ali pachiwopsezo, koma galimoto yamakasitomala. Nthawi yopuma kapena kuwonongeka ikhoza kukhala yotsika mtengo. Kupatula mtengo wokonzanso, mumakhalanso pachiwopsezo chotaya kukhulupilira kwa makasitomala anu. Kudalirika ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamsika wachinyamata waluso.
Miyezo yofunikira pakuyenda kwa e
Kodi ndi miyezo iti yomwe imayenera kuganiziridwa pazomwe zimayendetsa e-kuyenda?
Mndandanda wokhazikika wa IEC 60364 umakhala ndimayendedwe okhazikitsidwa motero ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyika. Ngati siteshoni yonyamula sitha kusunthidwa komanso kulumikizidwa kudzera zingwe zokhazikika, imagwera IEC 60364.
IEC 60364-4-44, chiganizo 443 (2007) chimafotokoza zambiri PAMENE chitetezo cha surge chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ma surges angakhudze ntchito zaboma kapena ntchito zamalonda ndi mafakitale ndipo ngati zida zovuta za gawo lowonjezera la I + II… zaikidwa.
IEC 60364-5-53, ndime 534 (2001) ikukhudzana ndi funso la CHITSANZO choteteza chitetezo chomwe chiyenera kusankhidwa ndi m'mene tingachiyikire.
Kodi chatsopano n'chiyani?
IEC 60364-7-722 - Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa kapena malo apadera - Zothandizira magalimoto amagetsi
Kuyambira mu June 2019, muyeso watsopano wa IEC 60364-7-722 ndiwofunikira pakukonzekera ndikukhazikitsa njira zotetezera njira yolumikizirana yomwe ingapezeke pagulu.
Chitetezo ku zovuta zakanthawi kochepa zam'mlengalenga kapena chifukwa chosintha
Kuwongolera kwa 722.443.4
Malo olumikizirana ndi anthu onse amawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo la malo aboma motero ayenera kutetezedwa kuziphuphu zosakhalitsa. Monga kale, zida zodzitetezera zimasankhidwa ndikuyika malingana ndi IEC 60364-4-44, Article 443 ndi IEC 60364-5-53, Article 534.
VDE-AR-N 4100 - Malamulo oyambira olumikiza makhazikitsidwe amakasitomala ndi magetsi otsika
Ku Germany, VDE-AR-N-4100 iyeneranso kuwonedwa polipira ma positi omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi magetsi otsika.
VDE-AR-N-4100 imalongosola, mwazinthu zina, zofunikira zina pamtundu wa 1 womangidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi akuluakulu, mwachitsanzo:
- Type 1 SPDs iyenera kutsatira muyezo wa DIN EN 61643 11 (VDE 0675 6 11)
- Mtundu wa 1-SPDs wosintha magetsi okha (wokhala ndi phokoso) ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma SPD okhala ndi ma varistor amodzi kapena angapo kapena kulumikizana kofananira kwa phokoso ndi varistor sikuletsedwa.
- Type 1 SPDs sayenera kuyambitsa magwiridwe antchito chifukwa cha ziwonetsero, monga ma LED
Nthawi yopuma - Musalole kuti ifike pamenepo
Tetezani ndalama zanu
Tetezani makina olipiritsa ndi magalimoto amagetsi pakuwonongeka kwakukulu
- Kwa woyang'anira woyang'anira ndi batri
- Kuwongolera, zamagetsi ndi kulumikizana zamagetsi zamagetsi zotsatsa.
Kuteteza zomangirira
Kuteteza kwa mphezi ndi kuyimilira kwa malo opangira magetsi
Malo olipiritsa amafunika pomwe magalimoto amagetsi amayimilira kwa nthawi yayitali: kuntchito, kunyumba, paki + malo okwerera, m'malo opaka magalimoto ambiri, m'malo opitilira magalimoto mobisa, m'malo okwerera mabasi (magetsi amagetsi), ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, malo opangira mahatchi ochulukirapo (onse a AC ndi DC) pano akuyikidwapo m'malo azokha, apakatikati, komanso m'malo aboma - chifukwa chake pali chidwi chowonjezeka pamalingaliro oteteza. Magalimotowa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo ndalama zomwe zimakhala zochulukirapo kwambiri kuti zitha kuwononga mphezi komanso kuwonongeka kwa ngozi.
Mphezi ikuwomba - Kuopsa kwa oyendetsa magetsi
Pakakhala mvula yamabingu, makina oyendetsera magetsi omwe amayang'anira owongolera, owerengera komanso olumikizirana amakhala pachiwopsezo.
Ma satellite omwe malo ake olumikizirana amalumikizidwa amatha kuwonongedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kuwomba kamodzi kokha.
Zowonjezera zimayambitsanso kuwonongeka
Kuwonongeka kwa mphezi pafupi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa mafunde omwe amawononga zomangamanga. Ngati ma surge oterowo amapezeka panthawi yobweza, ndizotheka kuti galimotoyo iwonongeka. Magalimoto amagetsi amakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka 2,500 V - koma mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha mphezi imatha kukhala 20 kupitilira pamenepo.
Tetezani ndalama zanu - Pewani kuwonongeka
Kutengera ndi komwe kuli komanso mtundu wowopseza, malingaliro amphezi osinthidwa payekha amafunika.
Kutetezedwa kwambiri pakuyenda kwamagetsi
Msika wamagetsi ukuyenda. Njira zina zoyendetsera magalimoto zikulembetsa kuchuluka kwakanthawi kokhazikika, ndipo chidwi chapadera chikulipiridwanso pakufunika kwamapepala oyimbira dziko lonselo. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa bungwe lachijeremani la BDEW, malo 70.000 oyenera kubweza ndi malo 7.000 ofufuzira mwachangu amafunikira ma e-magalimoto okwana 1 miliyoni (ku Germany). Mfundo zitatu zotsitsa zitha kupezeka pamsika. Kuphatikiza pa kulipiritsa opanda zingwe kutengera kutulutsa, komwe sikachilendo ku Europe (pakadali pano), malo osinthira ma batri apangidwa ngati njira ina ngati njira yotsatsira yabwino kwambiri kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yolipira, komabe, ndi kuyendetsa kwama waya ... ndipo ndipamene pomwe mphezi zodalirika komanso zotetezedwa bwino ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Ngati galimoto imawerengedwa kuti ndi malo abwino kukhalako pakagwa mabingu chifukwa cha thupi lake lachitsulo motero kutsatira mfundo za khola la Faraday, ndipo ngati zamagetsi ndizotetezedwa pakuwonongeka kwa zida, zinthu zimasintha mukamayendetsa. Pakulipiritsa, magalimoto amagetsi tsopano amalumikizidwa ndi zamagetsi zonyamula, zopatsidwa ndi magetsi. Zowonjezera zitha kuphatikizanso mgalimoto kudzera kulumikizana kwa galvanic ndi netiweki yamagetsi. Kuwonongeka kwa mphezi komanso kuwonongeka kwa magetsi kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha gulu la nyenyezizi komanso chitetezo chamagetsi pamagetsi omwe akuchulukirachulukira chikukhala chofunikira kwambiri. Zipangizo zodzitchinjiriza (SPD) muzomangamanga zonyamula zimapereka njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yotetezera zamagetsi zapa station yonyamula, makamaka, zagalimoto pakuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Kutenga waya
Malo okhazikitsira zida zoterezi amakhala m'malo achinsinsi muma garaja anyumba za anthu kapena malo osungira magalimoto mobisa. Malo okwerera nawo ndi gawo la nyumbayi. Mphamvu yolipiritsa paliponse pano mpaka 22 kW, yomwe imadziwika kuti kuchaja kwabwinobwino, momwe malingana ndi lamulo laku Germany lomwe likugwiritsidwira ntchito VDE-AR-N 4100 Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ≥ 3.6 kVA ziyenera kulembedwa ndi woyendetsa gululi, ndipo amafunanso kuvomerezedwa kale ngati mphamvu yonse yoyikidwayo ndi> 12 kVA. IEC 60364-4-44 iyenera kutchulidwa mwachindunji pano monga maziko odziwitsa zofunikira za chitetezo chazomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa. Imafotokoza "Kutetezedwa kukuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa champhamvu zam'mlengalenga kapena kusintha kwa ntchito". Kuti zisankho ziziyikidwa pano, tikutchula IEC 60364-5-53. Zothandizira kusankha zopangidwa ndi LSP zimathandizira kusankha omwe amangidwa. Chonde yang'anani apa.
Lamulira mode 4
Pomaliza, mode 4 yolipira imalongosola zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kuthamanga mwachangu ndi> 22 kW, makamaka ndi DC mpaka pano mpaka 350kW (pafupifupi 400kW ndi zina zambiri). Malo olipiritsa otere amapezeka makamaka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Apa ndipomwe IEC 60364-7-722 "Zofunikira pazipangizo zapadera zogwirira ntchito, zipinda ndi makina - Mphamvu zamagalimoto zamagetsi" zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Chitetezo chobisalira pakubwera kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa chakuthwa kwamlengalenga kapena pakusintha ntchito kumafunikira pakulipiritsa malo m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Ngati malo opangira ma driver akhazikitsidwa kunja kwa nyumbayo ngati malo opangira ma cheke, chitetezo cha mphezi ndikutetezedwa kumasankhidwa malinga ndi tsamba lomwe mwasankha. Kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro loteteza mphezi (LPZ) molingana ndi IEC 62305-4: 2006 imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakapangidwe koyenera ka mphezi ndi omwe akumanga mafunde.
Nthawi yomweyo, chitetezo cha mawonekedwe olumikizirana chiyenera kuganiziridwa, makamaka kwa mabokosi khoma ndi malo olipiritsa. Maonekedwe ofunikirawa sayenera kungoganiziridwa chifukwa chakuyimira kwa IEC 60364-4-44, chifukwa chikuyimira kulumikizana pakati pa galimotoyo, zomangamanga zoyendetsa ndi magetsi. Apanso, ma module otetezera ogwirizana ndi pulogalamuyi amatsimikizira kudalirika komanso kuyenda koyenda kwamagetsi.
Kuyenda kosatekeseka kumathandizira pakuwongolera chitetezo
Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito yamagalimoto yamagetsi, malangizo ena afotokozedwa mkati mwa Low Voltage Regulation pazokhazikitsira cholinga: ITC-BT 52. Malangizowa akutsindika kufunikira kokhala ndi zinthu zakutizakuti pakanthawi kochepa komanso kosatha. LSP yakhazikitsa njira zothetsera mfundozi.
Ngakhale pakadali pano zosakwana 1% yamakampani opanga magalimoto ku Spain ndiyokhazikika, zikuyerekeza kuti mu 2050 padzakhala magalimoto azamagetsi okwana 24 miliyoni ndipo mzaka khumi kuti ndalamazo zidzawonjezeka mpaka 2,4 miliyoni.
Kusintha kumeneku mu kuchuluka kwamagalimoto kumachedwetsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Komabe, kusinthaku kumatanthauzanso kusintha kwa zomangamanga zomwe zithandizire ukadaulo watsopanowu.
Chitetezo ku kuphulika komwe kumayendetsa magalimoto amagetsi
Kuyendetsa bwino komanso mosamala kwamagalimoto amagetsi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa dongosolo latsopanoli.
Mlanduwu uyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, kutsimikizira kuyendetsa galimoto komanso kusamalira makina amagetsi, ndi zida zonse zotetezera zofunika, kuphatikiza zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuyika makina amagetsi pamagetsi kuyenera kutsatira ITC-BT 52 kuteteza mabwalo onse ku chitetezo chanthawi yayitali komanso chosatha chomwe chitha kuwononga galimoto mukamakweza.
Lamuloli lidasindikizidwa ndi lamulo lachifumu ku Spain Official Bulletin (Zojambula Zenizeni 1053/2014, BOE), momwe Pulojekiti yatsopano yothandizirana ndi ITC-BT 52 idavomerezedwa: «Malo ogwirira ntchito zina. Zowonjezera pakubweza kwa magalimoto amagetsi ».
Malangizo ITC-BT 52 a Electrotechnical Low Voltage Regulation
Malangizowa amafunika kukhala ndi malo atsopano opezera malo olipirira komanso kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku netiweki yamagetsi kupita kumadera otsatirawa:
- M'nyumba zatsopano kapena malo oimikapo magalimoto pamafunika kuphatikizira zamagetsi pakulipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi, oyendetsedwa molingana ndi omwe akhazikitsidwa mu ITC-BT 52:
- a) m'malo oimikapo magalimoto okhala ndi malo opingasa malo oyendetsa amayenera kuyendetsedwa m'malo am'magulu (kudzera m'machubu, ngalande, ma trays, ndi zina zambiri) kuti athe kukhala ndi nthambi zolumikizidwa kumalo omwe amalipiritsa omwe ali m'malo opaka magalimoto , monga tafotokozera m'gawo 3.2 la ITC-BT 52.
- b) m'malo oimikapo magalimoto m'makampani, mabizinesi kapena maofesi, antchito kapena anzanu, kapena malo osungira magalimoto am'deralo, malo ofunikira ayenera kupereka chiteshi chimodzi chokwapitsira malo 40 oyimikapo magalimoto.
- c) m'malo oimikapo magalimoto anthu onse, zitsimikizika kuti pali malo okwanira oti aziperekapo mipando 40 iliyonse.
Zimaganiziridwa kuti nyumba kapena malo oimikapo magalimoto amangidwa kumene pomanga ntchitoyi kwa Public Administration yofananira kuti ikonzedwe patsiku lotsatira kulowa kwa Royal Decree 1053/2014.
Nyumba kapena malo oimikapo magalimoto asanasindikizidwe lamulo lachifumu anali ndi zaka zitatu kuti azitsatira malamulowo.
- Mumsewu, malo ofunikira akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati akupereka malo opangira magesi omwe amakhala m'malo amgalimoto zamagetsi zomwe zakonzedwa mdera kapena Sustainable Mobility Plans.
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zingakhazikitsire malo opangira ndalama?
Zithunzi zosanjikiza zamagalimoto amagetsi zomwe zidawonekeratu m'malangizo ndi awa:
Chiwembu chophatikiza kapena cha nthambi chokhala ndi cholembera chachikulu poyambira kukhazikitsa.
Chiwembu cha munthu aliyense chokhala ndi kauntala wamba wanyumba ndi malo olipiritsa.
Chiwembu cha munthu aliyense chokhala ndi kauntala pamalo aliwonse operekera ndalama
Scheme yokhala ndi madera ozungulira kapena owonjezera pakubweza magalimoto amagetsi.
Zipangizo zodzitchinjiriza za ITC-BT 52
Maseketi onse ayenera kutetezedwa kuziphuphu zosakhalitsa (zosakhalitsa) komanso zotumphukira zazifupi.
Zipangizo zanthawi yayitali zoteteza chitetezo zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi komwe nyumbayo idayambira, kapena bolodi lalikulu.
Mu Novembala 2017, Buku Lopanga Luso la kugwiritsa ntchito ITC-BT 52 lidasindikizidwa, pomwe zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- Kukhazikitsa chitetezo chamtundu wa 1 chosakhalitsa kumtunda kwa kauntala wamkulu kapena pafupi ndi switch yayikulu, yomwe ili pakhomo la centralization of counters.
- Pamene mtunda wapakati pa siteshoni yobwerekera ndi chida chanthawi yayitali choteteza mafunde chomwe chili kumtunda kuli kwakukulu kapena kofanana ndi mita 10, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa chida chowonjezera chachitetezo chanthawi yayitali, mtundu wa 2, pafupi ndi siteshoni yolipirira kapena mkati mwake.
Njira yothetsera kutuluka kwakanthawi komanso kwamuyaya
Mu LSP tili ndi yankho lolondola lachitetezo choteteza ku ma surges osakhalitsa komanso osatha:
Pofuna kuteteza motsutsana ndi mitundu 1 yakanthawi kochepa, LSP ili ndi mndandanda wa FLP25. Izi zimatsimikizira kutetezedwa kwamphamvu kwakanthawi kochepa kwa mizere yamagetsi pakhomo la nyumbayo, kuphatikiza ndi zomwe zimatulutsa mphezi mwachindunji.
Ndi woteteza wa mtundu 1 ndi 2 malinga ndi muyezo wa IEC / EN 61643-11. Makhalidwe ake akulu ndi awa:
- Kuthamangitsa pakali pano pa pole (limp) ya 25 kA ndi mulingo wa chitetezo cha 1,5 kV.
- Amapangidwa ndi zida zotulutsa mpweya.
- Ili ndi zikwangwani zachitetezo.
Pofuna kutetezedwa ku mitundu yachiwiri yopitilira muyeso komanso kuchepa kwamuyaya, LSP imalimbikitsa mndandanda wa SLP2.
Tetezani galimoto yanu yamagetsi
Galimoto yamagetsi imatha kupirira kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa 2.500V. Pakakhala mkuntho wamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatha kupatsidwira m'galimoto imapitilira 20 kuposa mphamvu yomwe ingagwirizane nayo, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kosayerekezeka pamakina onse (owongolera, owerengera, makina olumikizirana, magalimoto), ngakhale zitakhala bwanji ya mtengo imapezeka pamtunda wina.
LSP imapereka zomwe muli nazo kuti muteteze malo omwe mungapezere ndalama pamakokomo osakhalitsa komanso okhazikika, kuwonetsetsa kuti galimoto isungidwe. Ngati mungafune kutetezedwa kuti musawonongeke kwambiri, mutha kudalira thandizo la akatswiri pa nkhaniyi Pano.
Chidule
Zochitika zapadera sizingaphimbidwe mokwanira ndi mayankho apadziko lonse - monga momwe Swiss Army Knife singasinthire chida chokhala ndi zida zokwanira. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku chilengedwe cha malo opangira ma EV ndi magalimoto amagetsi, makamaka popeza zida zoyenera kuyeza, kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera zikuyenera kuphatikizidwanso munjira yoteteza. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zida zoyenera ndikupanga chisankho choyenera kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Ngati mungaganizire izi, mupeza gawo lazamalonda lodalirika pakuyenda kwamagetsi - komanso mnzake woyenera ku LSP.
Electromobility ndimutu wankhani wamtsogolo komanso wamtsogolo. Kukula kwake kumadalira pakupanga kwakanthawi kokhazikika kwa ma netiweki omwe amayenera kukhala otetezeka komanso opanda zolakwika pogwira ntchito. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma LSP SPDs omwe amaikidwa m'mizere yamagetsi ndikuyang'anira komwe amateteza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zonyamula.
Kuteteza zamagetsi
Zowonjezera zitha kukokedwa-kulowa muukadaulo wa station yamagalimoto m'njira zingapo kudzera pa chingwe chamagetsi. Mavuto chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira komwe kumabwera kudzera pa netiweki zogawa zitha kuchepetsedwa moyenera pogwiritsa ntchito ma LSP opatsa mphezi omangidwa pano ndi ma SPD amtundu wa FLP.
Chitetezo cha kuyeza ndi kuwongolera machitidwe
Ngati tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito makina omwe ali pamwambapa moyenera, tiyenera kupewa kuthekera kosintha kapena kufufutitsa zomwe zili mumayendedwe olamulira kapena ma data. Ziphuphu zomwe zatchulidwazi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama.
Zokhudza LSP
LSP ndi wotsata ukadaulo wazida za AC & DC zoteteza (SPDs). Kampaniyo yakula pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010. Pokhala ndi antchito opitilira 25, malo ake oyeserera, luso lazogulitsa LSP, kudalirika komanso luso zimatsimikizika. Zambiri mwazida zodzitchinjiriza zimayesedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa mosadalira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (Mtundu 1 mpaka 3) malinga ndi IEC ndi EN. Makasitomala amachokera kumafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zomanga / zomangamanga, zamtokoma, zamagetsi (photovoltaic, mphepo, magetsi ambiri komanso kusungira magetsi), kuyenda ndi njanji. Zambiri zimapezeka https://www.LSP-international.com.com.
