Kutetezedwa kwa mawonekedwe a photovoltaic

Zipangizo za Photovoltaic (PV) zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu potuluka ndi mphezi chifukwa chakupezeka kwawo komanso malo akulu.

Kuwonongeka kwa magawo amtundu uliwonse kapena kulephera kwa kuyika konse kungakhale zotsatira zake.

Mafunde amphezi ndi mafunde othamanga nthawi zambiri amawononga ma inverters ndi ma module a photovoltaic. Zowonongeka izi zimatanthauza ndalama zambiri kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya photovoltaic. Sikuti pamangokhala mitengo yokwera yokonzanso komanso zokolola za malowo zimachepetsanso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, malo opangira photovoltaic amayenera kuphatikizidwa nthawi zonse poteteza mphezi ndi njira yokhazikika.

Pofuna kupewa izi, mphezi ndi njira zotetezera zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kulumikizana. Timakupatsani chithandizo chomwe mukufuna kuti malo anu agwire bwino ntchito ndikupereka zokolola zake! Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kuteteza kuyika kwanu kwa magetsi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ku LSP:

  • Kuteteza nyumba yanu ndi kukhazikitsa PV
  • Kuonjezera kupezeka kwadongosolo
  • Kuteteza ndalama zanu

Miyezo ndi zofunikira

Mulingo wapano ndi malangizo otetezera kupitirira muyeso amayenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo lililonse la photovoltaic.

Dongosolo laku Europe DIN VDE 0100 gawo 712 / E DIN IEC 64/1123 / CD (Kukhazikitsa kotsika kwamagetsi, zofunikira pazida zapadera ndi malo; makina amagetsi a photovoltaic) ndikukhazikitsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwamalo a PV - IEC 60364-7- 712 - onsewa amafotokoza kusankha ndi kukhazikitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha malo a PV. Amalimbikitsanso zida zodzitetezera pakati pa opanga ma PV. M'magazini yake ya 2010 yokhudza chitetezo chazitali zanyumba zomwe zimayikidwa PV, Association of Germany Property Insurers (VdS) imafunikira> 10 kW mphezi komanso chitetezo chazitetezo molingana ndi kuteteza mphezi gulu lachitatu.

Kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikitsa kwanu kuli kotetezeka mtsogolo, sizikutanthauza kuti zida zathu zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, muyezo waku Europe wazigawo zoteteza ma voltage akukonzekera. Mulingo uwu udzafotokozera momwe chitetezo champhamvu zamagetsi chiyenera kukhalira mbali ya DC ya machitidwe a PV. Mulingo uwu pakadali pano ndi PREN 50539-11.

Muyeso wofananawo ukugwiranso kale ku France - UTE C 61-740-51. Zogulitsa za LSP pakadali pano zikuyesedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mfundo zonsezi kuti athe kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri.

Ma module athu otetezera mu Class I ndi Class II (B ndi C akumanga) amawonetsetsa kuti magetsi akucheperachepera ndipo kuti pano zatulutsidwa bwino. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwamtengo wapatali kapena kuthekera kwamagetsi athunthu m'malo mwanu wa photovoltaic.

Kwa nyumba zomwe zilibe kapena zoteteza kuyatsa - tili ndi mankhwala oyenera pamagwiritsidwe onse! Titha kupereka ma module momwe mungafunire - makonda anu ndikukwaniritsidwa kale muzinyumba.

Kutumiza zida zodzitetezera (SPDs) muma photovoltaic system

Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga mphamvu zonse kuchokera kumagwero obwezerezedwanso. Pali zina mwazinthu zapadera zomwe zimafunikira kuganiziridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera (SPDs) muma photovoltaic system. Makina a Photovoltaic ali ndi gwero lamagetsi la DC, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Lingaliro lamakonzedwe liyenera, chifukwa chake, kutengera mawonekedwe awa ndikuganizira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma SPD molingana. Mwachitsanzo, mafotokozedwe a SPD amachitidwe a PV amayenera kupangidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (VOC STC = magetsi oyenda mosatsika pansi pamayeso oyeserera) komanso pakuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo likupezeka komanso chitetezo.

Kutetezedwa ndi mphezi zakunja

Chifukwa cha malo awo akulu komanso malo owonekera, makina opangira ma photovoltaic amakhala pachiwopsezo chotuluka mumlengalenga - monga mphezi. Pakadali pano, pakufunika kusiyanitsa pakati pazomwe zimachitika pakumenyera mphezi ndi zomwe akuti ndizosalunjika (inductive and capacitive) strike. Kumbali imodzi, kufunikira kotetezedwa ndi mphezi kumadalira kukhazikika kwa miyezo yoyenera ndipo mbali imodzi, kufunikira kotetezedwa ndi mphezi kumathera pamafotokozedwe ofunikira a miyezo yoyenera. Kumbali inayi, zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito komweko, mwanjira ina, kutengera ngati ili nyumba kapena kukhazikitsa kwanyumba. Ndikukhazikitsa nyumba, pali kusiyana pakati pakukhazikitsa kwa jenereta ya PV padenga la nyumba yaboma - yokhala ndi njira yoteteza mphezi - ndikuyika padenga la nkhokwe - popanda njira yoteteza mphezi. Kukhazikitsa kumunda kumaperekanso zokumana nazo zazikulu chifukwa cha zigawo zawo zazikulu zamagawo; Poterepa, njira yoteteza mphezi yakunja ikulimbikitsidwa pamtunduwu kuti zisawonongeke kuwunika kwadzidzidzi.

Zolemba mwazomwe zitha kupezeka mu IEC 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), Supplement 2 (kutanthauzira kutengera mulingo wachitetezo kapena chiwopsezo cha LPL III) [2] ndi Supplement 5 (mphezi ndi chitetezo champhamvu zamagetsi amtundu wa PV) komanso mu VdS Directive 2010 [3], (ngati machitidwe a PV> 10 kW, ndiye kuti kuteteza mphezi kumafunikira). Kuphatikiza apo, njira zodzitetezera pamafunika. Mwachitsanzo, zokonda ziyenera kupezeka kuti zizilekanitsa makina oimitsa mpweya kuti ateteze wopanga wa PV. Komabe, ngati sikutheka kupewa kulumikizana molunjika ndi jenereta ya PV, mwanjira ina, mtunda wopatukana wotetezeka sungasungidwe, ndiye kuti zotsatira za mafunde amphezi ziyenera kuganiziridwanso. Kwenikweni, zingwe zotetezedwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamizere ikuluikulu yamagetsi yopangira ma volivture otsika momwe angathere. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati magawo ake ali okwanira (min. 16 mm² Cu) kutchinjiriza chingwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa mafunde pang'ono. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zotsekedwa zachitsulo. Chovala chakumaso chiyenera kulumikizidwa kumapeto onse azingwe ndi nyumba zachitsulo. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mizere yayikulu ya jenereta imagwera LPZ1 (Malo Otetezera Mphezi); zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtundu wa SPD 2 ukukwanira. Kupanda kutero, mtundu wa SPD 1 ungafunike.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikulongosola kolondola kwa zida zodzitchinjiriza

Mwambiri, ndizotheka kulingalira kutumizidwa ndi kufotokozedwa kwa ma SPD mumagetsi otsika kwambiri mbali ya AC monga njira yokhazikika; komabe, kutumizidwa ndi kapangidwe kolondola ka majenereta a PV DC kumakhalabe kovuta. Chifukwa chake choyamba ndi chopanga cha dzuwa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera ndipo, kachiwiri, ma SPD amayendetsedwa mdera la DC. Ma SPD ochiritsira amapangidwa kuti azisinthanitsa mphamvu zamagetsi osati kuwongolera magetsi. Miyezo yazogulitsa [4] yakwaniritsa izi kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi a DC. Komabe, pomwe zovuta zaposachedwa kwambiri za dongosolo la PV zidakwaniritsidwa, lero izi zikukwaniritsa kale pafupifupi. 1000 V DC mdera la PV lotsitsa. Ntchitoyi ndi kudziwa kuyendetsa kachitidwe kake motere ndi zida zoyenera zotetezera. Malo omwe kuli koyenera komanso othandiza kuyika ma SPD mumayendedwe a PV kumadalira makamaka mtundu wamachitidwe, malingaliro amachitidwe, komanso mawonekedwe akuthupi. Zizindikiro 2 ndi 3 zikuwonetsa kusiyana kwamalingaliro: Choyamba, nyumba yokhala ndi zoteteza kunja kwa mphezi ndi dongosolo la PV lokwera padenga (kuyika nyumba); kachiwiri, mphamvu yowonjezera ya dzuwa (kuyika kumunda), yomwe ili ndi njira yotetezera mphezi. Poyambirira - chifukwa cha kutalika kwazitali zazingwe - chitetezo chimangoyendetsedwa pakulowetsa kwa DC kwa inverter; mulandu wachiwiri ma SPD amaikidwa mu bokosi la terminal la jenereta ya dzuwa (kuteteza ma module a dzuwa) komanso kulowetsa kwa DC kwa inverter (kuteteza oyimilira). Ma SPD amayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi jenereta ya PV komanso pafupi ndi chosinthira akangotenga kutalika kwa chingwe pakati pa jenereta ya PV ndi chosinthira chimapitilira mita 10 (Chithunzi 2). Njira yokhayo yotetezera mbali ya AC, kutanthauza kutulutsa kwa inverter ndi netiweki, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa 2 SPDs womwe udakhazikitsidwa ndikutulutsa kwa inverter ndipo - pomanga nyumba ndi chitetezo chakuthwanima kumayendedwe olowera mfundo - yokhala ndi SPD mtundu wa 1 surge arrester.

Makhalidwe apadera kumbali ya DC yamagetsi a dzuwa

Mpaka pano, malingaliro achitetezo ku DC nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito ma SPD pama voltages abwinobwino a AC, momwe L + ndi L- motsatana adalumikizidwa padziko lapansi kuti atetezedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma SPD adavoteledwa pafupifupi 50% yamagetsi amagetsi a dzuwa opanda mphamvu. Komabe, pambuyo pazaka zingapo, zolakwitsa zotsekera zimatha kuchitika mu jenereta ya PV. Zotsatira za vuto ili mu dongosolo la PV, mphamvu yonse ya PV jenereta imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pole yopanda cholakwika mu SPD ndipo zimabweretsa chochitika chodzaza kwambiri. Ngati katundu wa ma SPD kutengera zitsulo-oxide varistors kuchokera pama voliyumu opitilira muyeso ndizokwera kwambiri, izi zitha kubweretsa chiwonongeko chawo kapena kuyambitsa chida chodulira. Makamaka, m'mayendedwe a PV okhala ndi ma voltages apamwamba, sizotheka kuthana ndi kuthekera konse kwa moto womwe ungachitike chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa arc komwe sikuzimitsidwa, pomwe chida chodulitsira chimayambitsidwa. Zowonjezera zodzitetezera (mafyuzi) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda si yankho ku mwayi uwu, popeza kufupika kwapafupipafupi kwa jenereta ya PV kumangotsika pang'ono kuposa komwe kumayesedwa pano. Masiku ano, machitidwe a PV okhala ndi mawonekedwe a pafupifupi. 1000 V DC ikuyikidwanso kwambiri kuti magetsi azikhala ochepa momwe angathere.

Chithunzi 4 -Y - mawonekedwe ozungulira otetezedwa okhala ndi ma varistor atatu

Kuonetsetsa kuti ma SPD amatha kuyendetsa bwino makina olumikizana ndi nyenyezi omwe ali ndi ma varistor atatu atsimikizika kuti ndiodalirika ndipo akhazikitsidwa ngati mulingo woyenera (Chithunzi 4). Ngati vuto la kutchinjiriza limachitika ma varistor awiri pamndandanda akadatsalira, zomwe zimalepheretsa SPD kuti isakwezedwe.

Kufotokozera mwachidule: kutetezera kozungulira komwe kulibe kutayikira konse kulipo ndipo kuyambitsa mwangozi njira yolumikizira kumatetezedwa. M'nkhani yomwe tafotokozayi, kufalikira kwamoto kumatetezedwanso moyenera. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu iliyonse yochokera ku chida chowunika kutchinjiriza imapewedwanso. Chifukwa chake ngati vuto la kutchinjiriza limachitika, pamakhala ma varistor awiri omwe amapezeka pamndandanda. Mwanjira imeneyi, lamulo loti zolakwa zapadziko lapansi ziyenera kupewedwa nthawi zonse zimakwaniritsidwa. LSP's SPD mtundu 2 womanga SLP40-PV1000 / 3, UCPV = 1000Vdc imapereka yankho loyesedwa bwino, lothandiza ndipo adayesedwa kuti atsatire miyezo yonse yapano (UTE C 61-740-51 ndi prEN 50539-11) (Chithunzi 4). Mwanjira imeneyi, timapereka chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'ma DC.

Ntchito zothandiza

Monga tanenera kale, pali kusiyana pakati pa zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga m'mayankho othandiza. Ngati njira yotetezera mphezi yakwanira, jenereta ya PV iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kachitidwe kameneka ngati chida chokha chokhazikitsira anthu. IEC 62305-3 imafotokoza kuti mtunda wothetsera mpweya uyenera kusungidwa. Ngati sizingasamalire ndiye kuti zotsatira za mphezi zochepa ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Pakadali pano, muyeso wachitetezo ku mphezi IEC 62305-3 Supplements 2 imati mu Gawo 17.3: 'kuchepetsa zingwe zopumira zomwe zingatetezedwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamizere yayikulu ya jenereta'. Ngati gawo lokwanira ndilokwanira (min. 16 mm² Cu) kutchinjiriza chingwe kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyendetsa mafunde pang'ono. Supplement (Chithunzi 5) - Chitetezo ku mphezi kwa makina a photovoltaic - operekedwa ndi ABB (Committee for Lightning Protection and Lightning Research of the (Germany) Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies) akuti mizere yayikulu yamagetsi iyenera kutetezedwa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti omenyera mphezi (SPD mtundu 1) sakufunika, ngakhale ma voltage voltage arresters (SPD mtundu 2) ndiofunikira mbali zonse. Monga Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsera, mzere wotetezedwa waukulu umapereka yankho lothandiza ndikukwaniritsa udindo wa LPZ 1 pochita izi. Mwanjira imeneyi, omanga a SPD amtundu wa 2 amatumizidwa mogwirizana ndi miyezo.

Mayankho okonzeka kukwanira

Kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikitsa pamalopo ndikowongoka momwe zingathere LSP imapereka mayankho okonzeka kuteteza mbali za DC ndi AC zosintha. Pulagi-ndi-kusewera PV mabokosi amachepetsa nthawi yowonjezera. LSP ichitanso misonkhano ikuluikulu yokhudzana ndi kasitomala mukapempha. Zambiri zimapezeka www.lsp-international.com

Zindikirani:

Miyezo ndi malangizo apadziko lonse lapansi ayenera kuwonedwa

[1] DIN VDE 0100 (VDE 0100) gawo 712: 2006-06, Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa kwapadera kapena malo. Makina opangira magetsi a Solar photovoltaic (PV)

[2] DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3) 2006-10 Kuteteza Mphezi, Gawo 3: Kuteteza malo ndi anthu, kuwonjezera 2, kutanthauzira kutengera kalasi yachitetezo kapena chiopsezo cha III LPL, Supplement 5, mphezi ndi chitetezo chowonjezeka cha makina amagetsi a PV

[3] VdS Directive 2010: 2005-07 Mphezi zowonera ngozi komanso chitetezo; Maupangiri othandizira kupewa, VdS Schadenverhütung Verlag (ofalitsa)

[4] DIN EN 61643-11 (VDE 675-6-11): 2007-08 Mphamvu yamagetsi yotsika pang'ono - Gawo 11: zida zoteteza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi otsika - zofunikira ndi mayeso

[5] IEC 62305-3 Chitetezo ku mphezi - Gawo 3: Kuwonongeka kwakathupi ndi zoopsa pamoyo

[6] IEC 62305-4 Chitetezo ku mphezi - Gawo 4: Makina amagetsi ndi zamagetsi mkati mwa nyumba

[7] prEN 50539-11 Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zotsika - Zida zotetezera pazida zina kuphatikiza DC - Gawo 11: Zofunikira ndi mayeso a SPD mu mapulogalamu a photovoltaic

[8] Zogulitsa zaku France zodzitchinjiriza kudera la DC UTE C 61-740-51

Kugwiritsa ntchito modzidzimutsa zida zathu zotetezera

Ngati njira yoteteza mphezi ilipo kale mnyumbayi, iyenera kukhala pamalo okwera kwambiri. Ma module onse ndi zingwe zamafakidwe a photovoltaic ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pansi pakutha kwa mpweya. Kutalikirana kwakutali kwa 0.5 mita mpaka 1 mita kuyenera kusamalidwa (kutengera kuwunika koopsa kuchokera ku IEC 62305-2).

Chitetezo chakuthambo cha mphezi cha Type I (mbali ya AC) chikufunikanso kuyika kwa makina amtundu wa Type I pamagetsi amnyumba. Ngati palibe njira yoteteza mphezi, ndiye kuti omanga Type II (AC mbali) ndi okwanira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.