I-BS EN IEC 62305 yokukhusela umbane

Umgangatho we-BS EN / IEC 62305 wokukhusela umbane wapapashwa okokuqala ngo-Septemba ka-2006, ukuze athabathe umgangatho wangaphambili, BS 6651: 1999. Ye ixesha elinomda, i-BS EN / IEC 62305 kunye ne-BS 6651 ibaleke ngokufanayo, kodwa ukusukela ngo-Agasti 2008, i-BS 6651 irhoxisiwe kwaye ngoku i-BS EN / IEC 63205 ngumgangatho owamkelweyo wokhuselo lombane.

Umgangatho we-BS EN / IEC 62305 ubonakalisa ukuqonda okwandileyo kwesayensi ngombane kunye neziphumo zawo kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwimpembelelo yetekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo zombane kwimisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla. Eyona nto inzima kwaye inzima kunangaphambili, i-BS EN / IEC 62305 ibandakanya iindawo ezine ezahlukileyo- imigaqo-nkqubo ngokubanzi, ulawulo lomngcipheko, ukonakala komzimba kulwakhiwo kunye nobungozi bobomi, kunye nokukhuselwa kweenkqubo zombane.

La macandelo omgangatho azisiwe apha. Ngo-2010 ezi ndawo zaye zaphononongwa ngobugcisa ngamaxesha athile, zaza iinxalenye ezihlaziyiweyo zoku-1, 3 no-4 zakhutshwa ngo-2011.

Isitshixo kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305 kukuba konke ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kukhuseleko lombane kuqhutywa luvavanyo olubanzi kunye nobunzima kunye nolu vavanyo aluthatheli ingqalelo kuphela ulwakhiwo oluya kukhuselwa kodwa kunye neenkonzo apho isakhiwo sidityaniswe khona. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ukukhuselwa kombane njengombane akunakuphinda kuthathelwe ingqalelo bodwa, ukukhuselwa kukudlula okwexeshana okanye umbane uhambelana ne-BS EN / IEC 62305.

Ulwakhiwo lwe-BS EN / IEC 62305

Uthotho lwe-BS EN / IEC 62305 luneenxalenye ezine, zonke ezifuna ukuthathelwa ingqalelo. La macandelo mane acacisiwe apha ngezantsi:

Icandelo 1: Imigaqo ngokubanzi

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-1 (icandelo 1) sisingeniso kwezinye iinxalenye zomgangatho kwaye ichaza indlela yokuyila iNkqubo yokuKhusela iMbane (LPS) ngokungqinelana neenxalenye zomgangatho ezihamba nazo.

Icandelo 2: Ulawulo lomngcipheko

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 (icandelo 2) indlela yolawulo lomngcipheko, ayigxili kakhulu kumonakalo ngokwasemzimbeni kulwakhiwo olubangelwa kukukhutshwa kombane, kodwa ngakumbi kumngcipheko wokulahleka kobomi babantu, ukulahleka kwenkonzo esidlangalaleni, ukulahlekelwa lilifa lenkcubeko kunye nelahleko yezoqoqosho.

Icandelo 3: Ukonakala ngokwasemzimbeni kulwakhiwo kunye nobungozi bobomi

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 (icandelo le-3) inxulumene ngqo nenxalenye ephambili ye-BS 6651. Yahlukile kwi-BS 6651 kangangokuba eli candelo litsha linamaKlasi amane okanye amanqanaba okhuselo lwe-LPS, ngokuchasene nezibini ezisisiseko (eziqhelekileyo kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu) kumanqanaba e-BS 6651.

Icandelo 4: Iinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki

ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, i-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 (icandelo 4) igubungela ukukhuselwa kweenkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo. Iqulathe isiHlomelo C kwi-BS 6651 esivelisiweyo, kodwa ngendlela yommandla omtsha ekubhekiswa kuyo njengeMimandla yoKhuselo loMbane (LPZs). Inika ulwazi kuyilo, ufakelo, ukugcinwa kunye nokuvavanywa kwenkqubo yokukhusela i-Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP) (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiMilinganiselo yoKhuselo lweSurge - SPM) yeenkqubo zombane / zombane ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo.

Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika isishwankathelo esibonisa umahluko ophambili phakathi komgangatho wangaphambili, BS 6651, kunye ne-BS EN / IEC 62305.

Umonakalo kunye nelahleko

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 ichonga eyona mithombo iphambili yomonakalo:

I-S1 ikhanya kwisakhiwo

I-S2 ikhanya kufutshane nesakhiwo

I-S3 ikhanya kwinkonzo

I-S4 ikhanya kufutshane nenkonzo

Umthombo ngamnye womonakalo unokubangela enye okanye nangaphezulu kweendidi ezintathu zomonakalo:

I-D1 Ukonzakala kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yenyathelo kunye nokuchukumisa ivolthi

D2 Ukonakala ngokwasemzimbeni (umlilo, ugqabhuko-dubulo, ukutshatyalaliswa ngoomatshini, ukukhutshwa kwemichiza) ngenxa yeziphumo zombane ezikhoyo kubandakanya ukubengezela

Ukusilela kwe-D3 yeenkqubo zangaphakathi ngenxa yokuKhanya ngombane nge-Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP)

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zelahleko zinokubangelwa ngumonakalo ngenxa yombane:

L1 Ukuphulukana nobomi bomntu

L2 Ukuphulukana nenkonzo eluntwini

L3 Ukuphulukana nelifa lemveli

L4 Ukuphulukana nexabiso lezoqoqosho

Ubudlelwane bazo zonke ezi paramitha zishwankathelwe kwiTheyibhile 5.

Umzobo 12 kwiphepha lama-271 ubonakalisa iintlobo zomonakalo kunye nelahleko ebangelwe ngumbane.

Ukufumana inkcazo ebanzi yemigaqo ngokubanzi eyinxalenye yoku-1 ye-BS EN 62305 esemgangathweni, nceda ujonge kwisikhokelo sethu esipheleleyo 'Isikhokelo se-BS EN 62305.' Nangona sigxile kumgangatho we-BS EN, esi sikhokelo sinokubonelela ngolwazi oluxhasayo lomdla kubacebisi abayila i-IEC efanayo. Nceda ubone iphepha lama-283 ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesi sikhokelo.

Inkqubo yoyilo loyilo

Ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lombane lwesakhiwo kunye neenkonzo zalo ezinxibeleleneyo kukuvala isakhiwo ngaphakathi kwibhokisi yentsimbi (ibhokisi), kwaye ukongeza ukubonelela ngokudibanisa okwaneleyo kwazo naziphi na iinkonzo eziqhagamshelekileyo kwindawo yokungena kwikhaka.

Oku, ngokuyintloko, kuya kuthintela ukungena kombane okwangoku kunye nendawo ye-electromagnetic eyenziweyo kulwakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kusenziwa, akunakwenzeka okanye kubiza iindleko ukuya kubude obunjalo.

Lo mgangatho ke ngoko ubeka iseti echaziweyo yemilinganiselo yangoku apho amanyathelo okhuseleko, amkelwe ngokungqinelana neengcebiso zawo, aya kunciphisa nawuphina umonakalo kunye nelahleko enokubakho ngenxa yesitrayikhi sombane. Oku kuncitshiswa komonakalo kunye nelahleko elandelwayo iyasebenza ukuba iiparameter zombane ziwela kwimida echaziweyo, esekwe njengamaNqanaba oKhuseleko loMbane (LPL).

Amanqanaba okukhusela umbane (LPL)

Amanqanaba amane okhuseleko amiselwe ngokusekwe kwiiparamitha ezifunyenwe kumaphepha obuchwephesha abepapashiwe ngaphambili. Inqanaba ngalinye lineseti emiselweyo yeeparameter ezikhoyo ngoku. Ezi paramitha zibonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 6. Amaxabiso aphezulu asetyenzisiwe kuyilo lweemveliso ezinje ngezinto zokukhusela umbane kunye nezixhobo zoKhuseleko lweSurge (SPDs). Amaxabiso asezantsi ombane asetyenzisiweyo ukufumana ubungakanani bendawo eqengqelekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Iindawo eziKhusela uMbane (LPZ)

Umxholo weMimandla yoKhuselo loMbane (LPZ) waziswa ngaphakathi kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305 ngakumbi ukunceda ekumiseleni amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo ukuseka amanyathelo okhuselo okulwa ne-Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse (LEMP) ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo.

Umgaqo ngokubanzi kukuba izixhobo ezifuna ukhuseleko kufuneka zibekwe kwi-LPZ eneempawu zombane ohambelana noxinzelelo lwezixhobo ezinokumelana okanye amandla okuzikhusela.

Umxholo ulungiselela imimandla yangaphandle, kunye nomngcipheko wokubetha ngokuthe ngqo kombane (LPZ 0_A), okanye umngcipheko wombane okhoyo ngoku (LPZ 0_B), kunye namanqanaba okhuseleko ngaphakathi kwemimandla yangaphakathi (LPZ 1 & LPZ 2).

Ngokubanzi liphezulu inani lommandla (LPZ 2; LPZ 3 njl.) Ezantsi iziphumo zombane ezilindelweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, nasiphi na isixhobo se-elektroniki esinovakalelo kufuneka sibekwe kwii-LPZs ezinenombolo ephezulu kwaye sikhuselwe kwi-LEMP ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo oKhuselo lweSurge ('SPM' njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-BS EN 62305: 2011).

I-SPM ngaphambili yayisaziwa njenge-LEMP Protection Measure System (LPMS) kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305: 2006.

Umzobo 13 ubalaselisa umxholo we-LPZ njengoko usetyenzisiwe kulwakhiwo nakwi-SPM. Umxholo uyandiswa kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 kunye ne-BS EN / IEC 62305-4.

Ukukhethwa kwe-SPM efanelekileyo kakhulu kwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lomngcipheko ngokungqinelana ne-BS EN / IEC 62305-2.

BS EN / IEC 62305-2 Ulawulo lomngcipheko

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 ngundoqo ekuphunyezweni ngokuchanekileyo kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 kunye ne-BS EN / IEC 62305-4. Uvavanyo kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko ngoku ikakhulu ngokunzulu nangokubanzi kunendlela ye-BS 6651.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 ijongana ngqo nokwenza uvavanyo lomngcipheko, iziphumo ezichaza inqanaba leNkqubo yoKhuseleko loMbane (LPS) efunekayo. Ngelixa i-BS 6651 inikezele ngamaphepha ali-9 (kubandakanya amanani) kwisifundo sovavanyo lomngcipheko, i-BS EN / IEC 62305-2 okwangoku inamaphepha angaphezu kwe-150.

Inqanaba lokuqala lovavanyo lomngcipheko kukuchonga ukuba zeziphi kwezi ndidi zilahleko (njengoko zichongiwe kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305-1) ubume kunye nemixholo yayo inokubakho. Eyona njongo iphambili yovavanyo lomngcipheko kukulinganisa kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko ukunciphisa imingcipheko efanelekileyo efanelekileyo okt:

R₁ umngcipheko wokuphulukana nobomi bomntu

R₂ umngcipheko wokuphulukana nenkonzo eluntwini

R₃ umngcipheko wokulahleka kwelifa lemveli lenkcubeko

R₄ umngcipheko wokulahleka kwexabiso lezoqoqosho

Kwimeko nganye yomngcipheko wokuqala wokuqala, umngcipheko onokunyamezeleka (R_Tisetiwe. Le datha inokufunyanwa kwiTheyibhile 7 ye-IEC 62305-2 okanye kwiTheyibhile NK.1 yeSihlomelo sikaZwelonke se-BS EN 62305-2.

Umngcipheko ngamnye ophambili (R_n) ichongiwe kuthotho olude lokubala njengoko kuchaziwe kumgangatho. Ukuba owona mngcipheko (R_nNgaphantsi okanye ulingana nomngcipheko onokunyamezeleka (R_T), emva koko akukho manyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo. Ukuba owona mngcipheko (R_nmkhulu kunomngcipheko ohambelana noko (R_T), emva koko amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka akhuthazwe. Le nkqubo ingentla iyaphindwa (kusetyenziswa amaxabiso amatsha ahambelana neendlela zokhuselo ezikhethiweyo) de kube ngoku R_n ingaphantsi okanye ilingana nokuhambelana nayo R_T. Yinkqubo yokuphindaphinda njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso we-14 ogqiba ukhetho okanye iNqanaba loKhuseleko loMbane (LPL) lweNkqubo yoKhuselo loMbane (i-LPS) kunye neMilinganiselo yokuKhusela (i-SPM) yokulwa nesibane se-Lightning Electromagnetic (LEMP).

BS EN / IEC 62305-3 Ukonakala ngokwasemzimbeni kwezakhiwo nakwingozi yobomi

Eli candelo lesuti lemigangatho lijongana nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko ngaphakathi nakwisijikelezileyo sakhiwo kwaye ke linxulumene ngqo nenxalenye ephambili ye-BS 6651.

Umzimba ophambili wale nxalenye yomgangatho unika isikhokelo kuyilo lweNkqubo yangaphandle yoKhuselo loMbane (i-LPS), i-LPS yangaphakathi kunye nokugcinwa kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola.

Inkqubo yoKhuseleko loMbane (LPS)

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-1 ichaze amaNqanaba oKhuseleko oMbane (i-LPLs) ngokusekwe kubuncinci obunokwenzeka kunye nemisinga yombane ephezulu. Ezi LPLs zilingana ngqo kwiiklasi zeNkqubo yoKhuselo loMbane (LPS).

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqanaba amane e-LPL kunye ne-LPS achongiwe kwiTheyibhile 7. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, kokukhona i-LPL inkulu, iklasi ephezulu ye-LPS iyafuneka.

Iklasi ye-LPS eza kufakelwa ilawulwa ziziphumo zokubalelwa kuvavanyo lomngcipheko olubonakaliswe kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305-2.

Ukuqwalaselwa koyilo lwangaphandle lwe-LPS

Umyili okhusela umbane kufuneka kuqala aqwalasele ubushushu kunye neziqhushumbo ezibangelwe kukuhlasela kombane kunye neziphumo kulwakhiwo olucingwa ngalo. Kuxhomekeka kwiziphumo zokuba umyili unokukhetha kwezi ndlela zilandelayo ze-LPS:

-Bodwa

-Ayedwa

I-LPS ekhethiweyo ihlala ikhethwa xa isakhiwo sakhiwe ngezinto ezinokutsha okanye sibonisa umngcipheko wokuqhuma.

Kwelinye icala, inkqubo engenziwanga yodwa inokufakwa apho kungekho bungozi bukhoyo.

I-LPS yangaphandle iquka:

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya

- Inkqubo yomqhubi ezantsi

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba

Ezi zinto zodwa ze-LPS kufuneka zinxulunyaniswe kunye zisebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela umbane (kwimeko ye-BS EN 62305) kunye ne-BS EN 50164 uthotho (qaphela olu luhlu lwe-BS EN kufanele ukuba luthathwe yi-BS EN / IEC 62561 uthotho). Oku kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba kwimeko yombane ophuma ngoku kubume, uyilo oluchanekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto kuya kunciphisa nawuphi na umonakalo onokubakho.

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya

Indima yenkqubo yokupheliswa komoya kukubamba ukukhutshwa kombane ngoku kwaye kuwusasaze ngaphandle komhlaba ngaphandle komqhubi kunye nenkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba. Ke ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya eyilelwe ngokuchanekileyo.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 ixhasa oku kulandelayo, kuyo nayiphi na indibaniselwano, yoyilo lokupheliswa komoya:

-Iintonga zomoya (okanye ezokugqibela) nokuba zizimile ngokukhululekileyo okanye zinxulunyaniswa nabaqhubi ukwenza umnatha eluphahleni

- Abaqhubi beCatenary (okanye abaxhonyiweyo), nokuba baxhaswa ziimasti ezimileyo simahla okanye banxulunyaniswa nabaqhubi ukwenza umnatha eluphahleni

-Umnatha womnatha ojikelezayo onokuthi ulale ngqo nophahla okanye unqunyanyiswe ngaphezulu kwawo (kwimeko apho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uphahla aluvezwanga kukhutshwa ngqo kombane)

Umgangatho uyenza icace gca into yokuba zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo zokupheliswa komoya ezisetyenzisiweyo ziya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubeka ezibekwe emzimbeni womgangatho. Iqaqambisa ukuba izinto zokupheliswa komoya kufuneka zifakelwe kwiikona, iindawo eziveziweyo kunye nemiphetho yesakhiwo. Iindlela ezintathu ezisisiseko ezicetyiswayo zokumisela indawo yeenkqubo zokupheliswa komoya zezi:

- Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka

Indlela yokhuselo

- Indlela enemingxuma

Ezi ndlela zichazwe ngaphezulu kwamaphepha alandelayo.

Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka

Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka yendlela elula yokuchonga iindawo zesakhiwo esidinga ukhuseleko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukubakho koqhankqalazo olusecaleni kulwakhiwo. Umbono osisiseko wokufaka indawo yokuqengqeleka kulwakhiwo ubonakalisiwe kumzobo 15.

Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka isetyenzisiwe kwi-BS 6651, umahluko kuphela kukuba kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305 kukho imitha eyahlukeneyo yendawo yokuqengqeleka ehambelana nodidi olufanelekileyo lwe-LPS (jonga kwiTheyibhile 8).

Le ndlela ifanelekile ekuchazeni imimandla yokhuseleko kuzo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo, ngakumbi ezo zejometri entsonkothileyo.

Indlela yokukhusela

Indlela yokhuselo yendlela yokwenza kube lula ukwenza indlela yokujikeleza kwinqanaba. I-engile yokhuselo (a) yi-engile eyenziweyo phakathi kwencam (A) yentonga ethe nkqo kunye nomgca oqikelelweyo ukuya kumphezulu apho intonga ihleli khona (jonga umfanekiso we-16).

I-engile yokhuselo enikezelwa yinduku yomoya ngokucacileyo iyimilinganiselo emacala mathathu apho intonga yabelwa ikhowuni yokhuseleko ngokutshayela umgca we-AC kwikona yokhuseleko i-360º epheleleyo ejikeleze intonga yomoya.

I-engile yokukhusela iyahluka ngobude obahlukeneyo bentsimbi yomoya kunye neklasi ye-LPS. I-engile yokhuselo enikezwe ngentonga yomoya imiselwe kwiTheyibhile 2 ye-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 (jonga umfanekiso we-17).

Ukutshintsha i-engile yokhuselo lutshintsho kummandla olula wama-45º wokhuseleko obonelelwe kwiimeko ezininzi kwi-BS 6651. Ngapha koko, umgangatho omtsha usebenzisa ukuphakama kwenkqubo yokupheliswa komoya ngaphezulu kwenqwelomoya, nokuba ingumhlaba okanye inqanaba lophahla (Bona Umzobo 18).

Indlela yemesh

Le yeyona ndlela yayiqhele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu phantsi kwezindululo ze-BS 6651. Kwakhona, ngaphakathi kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305 ezine ezahlukeneyo zokuphelisa umoya zacaciswa kwaye ziyahambelana nodidi olufanelekileyo lwe-LPS (jonga kwiTheyibhile 9).

Le ndlela ifanelekile apho imiphezulu icace gca ifuna ukhuseleko ukuba kuhlangatyezwane nale miqathango:

- Abaqhubi bokuphelisa umoya kufuneka babekwe emaphethelweni ophahla, phezu kophahla ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwimiqolo yophahla ngetela elingaphezulu kwe-1 kwayi-10 (5.7º)

-Akukho kufakelwa kwesinyithi kuphuma ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yokupheliswa komoya

Uphando lwale mihla malunga nombane owenze umonakalo lubonakalisile ukuba imiphetho kunye neekona zophahla zezona zisengozini yomonakalo.

Ke kuzo zonke izakhiwo ingakumbi nophahla olusicaba, kufuneka kujikelezwe abaqhubi beeperimeter kufutshane nemiphetho engaphandle yophahla njengoko kunokwenzeka.

Njengakwi-BS 6651, imigangatho yangoku ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwabaqhubi (nokuba bangabasebenzi besinyithi okanye i-LP conductors) phantsi kophahla. Imilo yomoya ethe nkqo (ukuphela) okanye iipleyiti zesitrayikhi kufuneka zibekwe ngaphezulu kophahla kwaye zixhunywe kwinkqubo yomqhubi engaphantsi. Izinti zomoya kufuneka zahlulwe zingekho ngaphezulu kwe-10 m ukuqelelana kwaye ukuba iipleyiti zogwayimbo ziyasetyenziswa njengenye indlela, ezi kufuneka zibekwe ngobuchule ngaphezulu kophahla lwendawo olungagqithiyo kwi-5 m ukuqelelana.

Iinkqubo zokuphelisa umoya ezingaqhelekanga

Iingxoxo ezininzi zobuchwephesha (kunye nezorhwebo) ziqhubekile kwiminyaka edlulileyo malunga nobunyani bamabango enziwe ngabaxhasi beenkqubo ezinjalo.

Esi sihloko kuxoxwe ngaso ngokubanzi phakathi kwamaqela asebenzayo obuchwephesha aqulunqa i-BS EN / IEC 62305. Isiphumo yayikukuhlala sinolwazi olugcinwe kulo mgangatho.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 ichaza ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba umthamo okanye indawo yokhuseleko ebonelelwe yinkqubo yokupheliswa komoya (umz. Intonga yomoya) iya kugqitywa kuphela ngobukhulu bokwenyani benkqubo yokupheliswa komoya.

Le ngxelo iyaqiniswa ngaphakathi kuhlobo luka-2011 lwe-BS EN 62305, ngokubandakanywa emzimbeni womgangatho, endaweni yokuba yinxalenye yesiHlomelo (Isihlomelo A se-BS EN / IEC 62305-3: 2006).

Ngokwesiqhelo ukuba intonga yomoya iyi-5 m ubude ke ibango kuphela lommandla wokhuseleko obonelelwe yile ntonga yomoya iya kusekelwa kwi-5 m kunye nodidi olufanelekileyo lwe-LPS kwaye ayisiyiyo nayiphi na imilinganiselo eyandisiweyo ebanga ezinye iintonga zomoya ezingaqhelekanga.

Awukho omnye umgangatho ekucingelwa ukuba usebenze ngokuhambelana nale standard BS EN / IEC 62305.

Izinto zendalo

Xa uphahla lwentsimbi luthathelwa ingqalelo njengamalungiselelo endalo okuphelisa umoya, emva koko i-BS 6651 yanika isikhokelo kubuncinci bobukhulu kunye nohlobo lwezinto eziqwalaselwayo.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 inika isikhokelo esifanayo kunye nolwazi olongezelelekileyo ukuba uphahla kufuneka luqwalaselwe njengobungqina bokugqobhoza kombane (jonga iTheyibhile 10).

Kufuneka kusoloko kukho ubuncinci beekhondaktha ezimbini ezihanjiswe kumjikelezo wesakhiwo. Abaqhubi bezantsi kufuneka ukuba bafakelwe kwikona nganye ebonakalayo yesakhiwo njengoko uphando lubonisile ukuba zithwale eyona ndawo iphambili yombane.

Izinto zendalo

I-BS EN / IEC 62305, njenge-BS 6651, ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu esinyithi anqabileyo ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo ukuba lubandakanywe kwi-LPS.

Apho i-BS 6651 ikhuthaze ukuqhubekeka kombane xa usebenzisa imo yokuqinisa ebekwe kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi, kunjalo ke nge-BS EN / IEC 62305-3. Ukongeza, iyatsho ukuba ukomeleza imivalo nge welding, zixinaniswe nezinto zonxibelelwano ezifanelekileyo okanye ukugqagqana ubuncinci amaxesha angama-20 ubukhulu be-rebar. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba ezo zixhobo zokomeleza ezinokuthi zithwale imisinga yombane zinonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo ukusuka kubude ukuya kolandelayo.

Xa imigoqo yokomeleza yangaphakathi kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kubaqhubi bangaphantsi bangaphandle okanye uthungelwano lomhlaba nokuba ngawaphi amalungiselelo aboniswe kumzobo 20 kufanelekile. Ukuba uqhagamshelo olusuka kumqhubi we-bonding ukuya kwi-rebar kufuneka ifakwe kwikhonkrithi ke umgangatho ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe ii-clamp ezimbini, enye idityaniswe kubude obude be-rebar kunye nenye kubude obahlukileyo be-rebar. Amalungu kufuneka emva koko afakwe sisithinteli sokuthintela ukufuma njenge-Denso tape.

Ukuba imivalo yokomeleza (okanye ifreyimu yentsimbi eyakhiweyo) iza kusetyenziswa njengabaqhubi bezantsi emva koko ukuqhubeka kombane kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukusuka kwinkqubo yokupheliswa komoya ukuya kwinkqubo yomhlaba. Kwizakhiwo ezitsha zokwakha oku kunokugqitywa kwinqanaba lokuqala lokwakha ngokusebenzisa imivalo yokuqinisa okanye kungenjalo kusebenze umqhubi wobhedu ozinikeleyo ukusuka phezulu kulwakhiwo ukuya kwisiseko ngaphambi kokugalelwa kwesamente. Le conductor yobhedu ezinikeleyo kufuneka ibotshelelwe kwindawo ezidibeneyo / ezikufutshane zokuqinisa imivalo rhoqo.

Ukuba kukho amathandabuzo malunga nendlela kunye nokuqhubekeka kweebha zokomeleza ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo esele zikhona kuya kufuneka kufakelwe inkqubo yangaphandle yomqhubi. Ezi kufanelekile ukuba zidityaniswe kuthungelwano lokuqinisa lwezakhiwo ngaphezulu nasezantsi kolwakhiwo.

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba ibalulekile ekusasazeni imibane yangoku ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo emhlabeni.

Ngokuhambelana ne-BS 6651, umgangatho omtsha ucebisa ngenkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba ngokudibeneyo yesakhiwo, ukudibanisa ukukhusela umbane, amandla kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ngomnxeba. Isivumelwano sogunyaziwe osebenzayo okanye umnini weenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zifunyanwe ngaphambi kwako nakuphi na ukudibana okwenzekayo.

Unxibelelwano olulungileyo lomhlaba kufuneka lube nezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kombane phakathi kwe-electrode kunye nomhlaba. Umhlaba ophantsi ukuxhathisa i-elektrode emhlabeni kokukhona umbane uya kukhetha ukuhamba ezantsi kuloo ndlela kukhetho kuyo nayiphi na enye, uvumela ukuba kuqhutyekwe ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya enyibilikayo emhlabeni.

- nokumelana Good. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-electrode yomhlaba kunye nokudibanisa kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Iya kungcwatywa emhlabeni iminyaka emininzi ke kufuneka ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo

Umgangatho ukhuthaza iimfuno zokumelana nomhlaba ezisezantsi kwaye uchaze ukuba unokufezekiswa ngenkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba iyonke ye-10 ohms okanye ngaphantsi.

Amalungiselelo amathathu okusisiseko e-electrode ayasetyenziswa.

- Chwetheza ulungiselelo

- Uhlobo lohlobo B

-Izi electrode ezisisiseko zomhlaba

Chwetheza ulungiselelo

Oku kubandakanya i-electrode ethe tyaba okanye ethe nkqo yomhlaba, edityaniswe kumqhubi ngamnye ezantsi olungiselelwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yomhlaba esetyenziswe kwi-BS 6651, apho umqhubi ngamnye ophantsi unomhlaba we-electrode (intonga) exhunywe kuyo.

Uhlobo lohlobo B

Olu lungelelwaniso luyindibaniselwano yentsimbi yomhlaba edityaniswe ngokupheleleyo ebekwe kumda wesakhiwo kwaye inxibelelana nomhlaba ojikelezileyo ubuncinci i-80% yobude bayo bonke (okt i-20% yobude bayo bonke bunokugcinwa. kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwesakhiwo kwaye alikho kunxibelelana ngqo nomhlaba).

Isiseko se-electrode

Olu ke luhlobo B lwamalungiselelo omhlaba. Iqukethe abaqhubi abafakwe kwisiseko sekhonkrithi yesakhiwo. Ukuba kukho naziphi na ubude obongezelelweyo bee-electrode ezifunekayo kufuneka bahlangabeze iikhrayitheriya ezifanayo nezo zilungiselelwe uhlobo B. Ii-electrode zomhlaba ezisisiseko zinokusetyenziselwa ukonyusa isiseko sokuqinisa intsimbi.

Ukwahlula (ukwahlula) umgama we-LPS yangaphandle

Umgama wokwahlula (okt ukufakwa kombane) phakathi kwe-LPS yangaphandle kunye nezahlulo zesinyithi eziyimfuneko iyafuneka. Oku kuya kunciphisa naliphi na ithuba lombane okhoyo ngoku oziswayo ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo.

Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokubeka umbane ohambisa umbane ngokwaneleyo kude kunazo naziphi na izinto ezihamba ngendlela ezinendlela ezikhokelela kulwakhiwo. Ke, ukuba umbane ubetha umbhexeshi wombane, awunako 'ukuvala umsantsa' kwaye ubengezele kwisinyithi esikufutshane.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 icebisa inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba ngokudibeneyo yesakhiwo, ukudibanisa ukukhusela umbane, amandla kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ngomnxeba.

Ukuqwalaselwa koyilo lwangaphakathi lwe-LPS

Indima esisiseko ye-LPS yangaphakathi kukuqinisekisa ukuthintelwa kwintlantsi eyingozi eyenzeka ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo ekufuneka lukhuselwe. Oku kunokuba ngenxa, kulandela ukubhobhoza kombane, ukuya kumbane okhoyo ngoku ohamba kwi-LPS yangaphandle okanye eneneni ezinye izinto ezihamba nolwakhiwo kunye nokuzama ukudanyaza okanye ukubengezela kufakelo lwentsimbi lwangaphakathi.

Ukwenza amanyathelo afanelekileyo okudibanisa okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umgama owaneleyo wokufaka umbane phakathi kwezahlulo zesinyithi kunokuthintela ukutsha okuyingozi phakathi kwezahlulo zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo.

Umbane we-equipotential bonding

Ukudityaniswa kwe-Equipotential kukuphela konxibelelwano lombane lwazo zonke izinto ezifanelekileyo zetsimbi, ezinokuthi kwimeko yombane obalekayo, akukho nxalenye yesinyithi enokubakho ngamandla ombane ngokubhekisele komnye nomnye. Ukuba iinxalenye zesinyithi ngokuyintloko zinamandla afanayo emva koko umngcipheko wokutsha okanye we-flashover awunakulungiswa.

Olu nxibelelaniso lombane lunokufezekiswa ngokudibana kwendalo / kokulungiselela okanye ngokusebenzisa izihlanganisi ezithile zokubopha ezilinganiselwe ngokweeTafile 8 kunye ne-9 ze-BS EN / IEC 62305-3.

Ukubopha kungafezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhuselayo zokukhusela (i-SPDs) apho unxibelelwano ngqo nabaqhubi be-bonding alulunganga.

Umzobo 21 (osekwe kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305-3 figE.43) ubonakalisa umzekelo oqhelekileyo wolungiselelo lwe-equipotential bonding. Inkqubo yerhasi, amanzi, kunye nendawo yokufudumeza yonke inxibelelene ngqo kwindawo yokubopha ye-equipotential ebekwe ngaphakathi kodwa kufutshane nodonga lwangaphandle kufutshane nenqanaba lomhlaba. Intambo yombane ibotshelelwe nge-SPD efanelekileyo, inyuka ukusuka kwimitha yombane, ukuya kwibar yokuxhobisa izixhobo. Le bar yokudibanisa kufuneka ibekwe kufutshane nebhodi yokuhambisa ephambili (i-MDB) kwaye iphinde inxibelelane ngokusondeleyo kwinkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba kunye nabaqhubi bexesha elifutshane. Kwizakhiwo ezikhulu okanye ezandisiweyo imivalo yokubopha emininzi inokufuneka kodwa kufuneka zonke zinxibelelane.

Isikrini sayo nayiphi na intambo ye-eriyali kunye nawo nawuphi na umbane okhuselweyo kwizixhobo zombane ezihanjiswa kulwakhiwo kufuneka nazo zidityaniswe kwibhari ye-equipotential.

Isikhokelo esongezelelweyo esinxulumene nokuxhobiswa kwe-equipotential, iinkqubo zokunxibelelana kwe-meshed zonxibelelwano, kunye nokukhethwa kwe-SPD kunokufumaneka kwincwadi yesikhokelo ye-LSP.

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 Iinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo

Iinkqubo zombane ngoku zigubungela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu, ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza, ngokuzalisa imoto ngepetroli nkqu nakwiivenkile ezinkulu zalapha. Njengoluntu, ngoku sixhomekeke kakhulu ekuqhubekeni nasekuqhubekeni ngokukuko kweenkqubo ezinjalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter, ukulawulwa kwenkqubo ye-elektroniki, kunye nonxibelelwano ngocingo kuqhume kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela inkqubo ekhoyo, ubungakanani bomzimba we-elektroniki obandakanyekayo bunciphise kakhulu (ubukhulu obuncinci buthetha amandla amancinci afunekayo ukonakalisa iisekethe).

I-BS EN / IEC 62305 yamkela ukuba ngoku siphila kwiminyaka ye-elektroniki, isenza ukukhuselwa kwe-LEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse) yeenkqubo zombane kunye nezombane ezihambelana nomgangatho ngenxalenye ye-4. I-LEMP ligama elinikwe kwiziphumo zombane xa zizonke, kubandakanya kuqhutywe ama-surges (i-overvoltages ezidlulileyo kunye nemisinga) kunye nefuthe le-electromagnetic field.

Umonakalo we-LEMP uxhaphake kangangokuba uchongiwe njengenye yeentlobo ezithile (D3) eziza kukhuselwa kuyo kunye nokonakaliswa kwe-LEMP kunokubakho kuwo onke amanqaku oqhankqalazo kulwakhiwo okanye iinkonzo eziqhagamshelekileyo -ezithe ngqo okanye ezingathanga ngqo - ukubhekisa ngakumbi kwiindidi Umonakalo obangelwe ngumbane jonga kwiTheyibhile 5. Le ndlela yandisiweyo ikwathathela ingqalelo ingozi yomlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo olunxulunyaniswa neenkonzo ezinxulunyaniswe nolwakhiwo, umz.

Umbane ayisiso sisongelo kuphela…

Ukugqitha kwethutyana okubangelwa ziziganeko zokutshintsha kombane kuqhelekile kwaye kunokuba ngumthombo wokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Okwangoku ukuhamba komqhubi kubangela indawo enemagnethi apho kugcinwa khona amandla. Xa okwangoku kuphazanyiswa okanye kucinyiwe, amandla akwimagnethi yomhlaba akhutshwa ngesiquphe. Kwilinge lokuzihluza ngokwalo iba kukudlula kwamandla ombane aphezulu.

Amandla agciniweyo ngakumbi, makube kukhulu okwexeshana okokoko. Imisinga ephezulu kunye nobude obude beekhondaktha zombini zinegalelo kumandla amaninzi agciniweyo kunye nokukhululwa kwakhona!

Kungenxa yesi sizathu le nto imithwalo enomdla enje ngeemotor, iiguquli, kunye nokuqhutywa kombane zizinto zonke ezibangela ukutshintsha kwemizuzwana.

Ukubaluleka kwe-BS EN / IEC 62305-4

Ukugqithisa kwexesha elidlulileyo okanye ukukhuselwa kokunyuka kwakubandakanywa njengesihlomelo seengcebiso kumgangatho we-BS 6651, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko ohlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuseleko lwaludla ngokulungiswa emva kokonakala kwezixhobo, rhoqo ngenxa yesibophelelo kwiinkampani zeinshurensi. Nangona kunjalo, kuvavanyo lomngcipheko olunye kwi-BS EN / IEC 62305 inyanzelisa ukuba ulwakhiwo kunye / okanye ukukhuselwa kwe-LEMP kuyafuneka kungoko ukhuselo lombane olunokubakho ngoku lungaqwalaselwa lodwa kukhuseleko lwexesha elidlulileyo lokubaleka- okwaziwa ngokuba ziiSurge Protective Devices (SPDs) kulo mgangatho mtsha. Oku kukodwa kukuphambuka okubalulekileyo kuleyo ye-BS 6651.

Ewe, ngokwe-BS EN / IEC 62305-3, inkqubo ye-LPS ayinakuphinda ifakelwe ngaphandle kombane okhoyo okanye i-equipotential bonding SPDs kwiinkonzo zesinyithi ezingenayo ezinee "cores eziphilayo" - njengamandla kunye neentambo zeefowuni- ezingenakubotshelelwa ngqo emhlabeni. Ezi SPDs ziyacelwa ukuba zikhusele umngcipheko wokuphulukana nobomi babantu ngokuthintela ukutsha okuyingozi okunokubangela umlilo okanye iingozi zombane.

I-SPDs zangoku zombane okanye ze-equipotential bonding zikwasetyenziselwa kwimigca ephezulu yenkonzo yokondla isakhiwo esisemngciphekweni kugwayimbo ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi SPDs zodwa "akuniki khuselo lusebenzayo ekusileleni kweenkqubo zombane okanye zombane ezibuthathaka", ukucaphula i-BS EN / IEC 62305 inxenye 4, enikezelwe ngokukodwa ekukhuseleni iinkqubo zombane nezombane ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.

Umbane okhoyo ngoku we-SPDs yinxalenye yeseti elungelelanisiweyo yee-SPDs ezibandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-SPDs-ezifunekayo zizonke ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo iinkqubo ezibuthathaka zombane nezombane kuzo zombini imibane kunye nokutshintsha kwethutyana.

Iindawo eziKhusela uMbane (LPZs)

Ngelixa i-BS 6651 iwamkele umxholo wezowuni kwisiHlomelo C (Amacandelo endawo A, B, no-C), i-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 ichaza umxholo weZowuni zoKhuselo loMbane (LPZs). Umzobo wama-22 ubonakalisa umxholo osisiseko we-LPZ ochazwe ngamanyathelo okhuseleko ngokuchasene ne-LEMP njengoko kucacisiwe kwinxalenye yesi-4.

Ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo, uthotho lwee-LPZs zenzelwe ukuba, okanye zichongwe njengasele zinazo, ngokulandelelana kancinci ukubonakaliswa ziziphumo zombane.

Imimandla elandelanayo isebenzisa indibaniselwano yokubopha, ukukhusela kunye nokulungelelanisa ii-SPD ukufezekisa ukuncipha okubukhali kubukrakra be-LEMP, ukusuka kumaza okuqhubela phambili okuqhubayo kunye nokuhamba okungaphezulu okwethutyana, kunye nefuthe lemitha yemagneti. Abaqulunqi baququzelela la manqanaba ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi zibekwe kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Ii-LPZs zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini- imimandla yangaphandle emi-2 (LPZ 0_ALPZ0_B) kwaye zihlala zindawo ezimbini zangaphakathi (i-LPZ 2, 1) nangona eminye imimandla inokungeniswa ukucutha ngakumbi intsimi yombane kunye nombane wangoku ukuba uyafuneka.

Imimandla yangaphandle

I-LPZ 0_A ngummandla ophantsi kombane ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ke kungafuneka uqhubeke nombane opheleleyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo indawo yophahla yesakhiwo. Indawo epheleleyo ye-electromagnetic yenzeka apha.

I-LPZ 0_B Indawo leyo ayixhomekekanga kwimivumbo yombane kwaye ikakhulu ziindonga ezisecaleni zesakhiwo.

Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba opheleleyo we-electromagnetic usenzeka apha kwaye uqhutyelwe kwimibane yombane kunye nokutshintsha kwamaza kunokwenzeka apha.

Imimandla yangaphakathi

I-LPZ 1 yindawo yangaphakathi exhomekeke kwimibane yombane. Imijikelezo yombane eqhutyiweyo kunye / okanye ukutshintsha kwemijelo kuncitshisiwe xa kuthelekiswa nemimandla yangaphandle ye-LPZ 0_ALPZ0_B.

Ngokwesiqhelo le yindawo apho iinkonzo zingena khona kulwakhiwo okanye apho ikhoyo iswitshi yamandla ephambili.

I-LPZ 2 yindawo yangaphakathi ebekwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo apho iintsalela zombane oshukumayo kunye / okanye uguquko lokutshintsha luyehlisiwe xa kuthelekiswa ne-LPZ 1.

Eli ligumbi elihluziweyo okanye, kumandla ombane, kwindawo yebhodi yosasazo. Amanqanaba okhuselo ngaphakathi kommandla kufuneka alungelelaniswe neempawu zokungakhuseleki kwezixhobo eziza kukhuselwa, okt, okona kubuthathaka kwezixhobo, kokukhona ukhuseleko luyafuneka.

Amalaphu akhoyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwesakhiwo singenza imimandla ibonakale ngokulula, okanye ubuchule be-LPZ kusenokufuneka busetyenziswe ukwenza imimandla efunekayo.

Amanyathelo oKhuselo oluKhuselekileyo (SPM)

Eminye imimandla yesakhiwo, enjengegumbi elihluziweyo, ikhuseleke ngokwendalo kumbane kunabanye kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kwandiswe imimandla ekhuselweyo ngakumbi ngoyilo ngononophelo lwe-LPS, ukudityaniswa komhlaba kweenkonzo zesinyithi ezinje ngamanzi kunye negesi, kunye nokufaka iikhabhathi ubuchule. Nangona kunjalo, kufakelo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zoKhuselo (ii-SPDs) ezikhusela izixhobo kumonakalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwayo-kubalulekile ekupheliseni ixesha lokuphumla. La manyathelo ewonke abhekiswa kuwo njengeMilinganiselo yoKhuselo lweSurge (SPM) (eyayisakuba yiNkqubo yeMilinganiselo yoKhuselo ye-LEMP (LPMS)).

Xa ufaka isicelo sokudibanisa, ukukhusela, kunye nee-SPD, ukugqwesa kubuchwephesha kufuneka kulungelelaniswe neemfuno zoqoqosho. Ulwakhiwo olutsha, amanyathelo okudibanisa kunye novavanyo anokuyilwa ngokudibeneyo ukuba yinxalenye ye-SPM epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kulwakhiwo esele lukhona, ukuphinda wenze iseti yee-SPD ezilungelelanisiweyo kunokuba sisisombululo esilula nesineendleko.

Cofa iqhosha lokuhlela ukutshintsha lo mbhalo. I-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, i-consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Ii-SPD ezilungelelanisiweyo

I-BS EN / IEC 62305-4 igxininisa ekusebenziseni ii-SPD ezilungelelanisiweyo zokukhusela izixhobo ngaphakathi kwendalo. Oku kuthetha nje uthotho lwee-SPD ezinendawo zazo kunye neempawu zokuphatha i-LEMP ezilungelelaniswe ngendlela yokukhusela izixhobo kwindawo yazo ngokunciphisa iziphumo ze-LEMP kwinqanaba le-asafe. Ke kunokubakho umbane osindayo okhoyo ngoku kwi-SPD ekungeneni kwenkonzo ukusingatha uninzi lwamandla ombane (umbane okhoyo ngoku ukusuka kwi-LPS kunye / okanye imigca ephezulu) kunye nokuhamba kwexesha okwexeshana okulawulwayo ukuya kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo ngokudityaniswa komjikelo we-SPDs ukukhusela izixhobo zokuphela konyaka kubandakanya umonakalo onokubakho ngokutshintsha imithombo yolwazi, umz. Ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zifakwe naphi na apho iinkonzo zinqumla khona ukusuka kwi-LPZ ukuya kwenye.

Ii-SPD ezilungelelanisiweyo kufuneka zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo njengenkqubo yecascaded ukukhusela izixhobo kwindawo yazo. Umzekelo, umbane okhoyo ngoku we-SPD ekungeneni kwenkonzo kufuneka uphathe uninzi lwamandla okunyusa, ukonela ngokwaneleyo ukuhla kwe-SPDs yangaphantsi yolawulo lokulawula i-overvoltage.

Ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zifakwe naphi na apho iinkonzo ziwela khona ukusuka kwi-LPZ ukuya kwenye

Ukulungelelaniswa okungalunganga kunokuthetha ukuba ii-SPDs ezigqithileyo zixhomekeke kumandla amakhulu okuzibeka ngokwazo kunye nezixhobo ezinokuba semngciphekweni wokonakaliswa.

Ngaphaya koko, amanqanaba okhuselo lwevolthi okanye ukuhamba kweevolthi ze-SPDs ezifakiweyo kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kunye nokugcina amandla ombane weendawo ekufakweni kunye nokukhusela amandla ombane kwezixhobo zombane.

Ukuphuculwa kwee-SPD

Ngelixa ukonakala ngokuthe ngqo kwezixhobo kunganqweneleki, isidingo sokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla njengesiphumo sokuphulukana nokusebenza okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo nazo zinokubaluleka. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso elungiselela uluntu, nokuba zizibhedlele, amaziko ezezimali, amaziko okuvelisa okanye amashishini orhwebo, apho ukungakwazi ukubonelela ngenkonzo ngenxa yokuphulukana nokusebenza kwezixhobo kungakhokelela kwimpilo ebalulekileyo kunye nokhuseleko kunye / okanye nemali iziphumo.

Ii-SPD ezisemgangathweni zinokukhusela kuphela ngokuchasene neendlela eziqhelekileyo (phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma kunye nomhlaba), ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olusebenzayo kumonakalo othe ngqo kodwa hayi ngexesha lokuphumla ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo.

I-BS EN 62305 ke ngoko ithathela ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwe-SPDs (SPD *) eyonyusa umngcipheko womonakalo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo apho kufuneka kuqhubeke ukusebenza. Abafaki ke ngoko kuya kufuneka ukuba bazi ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zofakelo lwee-SPD kunokuba mhlawumbi bezikho ngaphambili.

Ii-SPD eziphezulu okanye eziphuculweyo zibonelela ngezantsi (ngcono) ukukhusela amandla ombane ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwimowudi eqhelekileyo kunye nakwindlela eyahlukileyo (phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma) kwaye ke ikwabonelela ngokhuselo olongezelelekileyo kumanyathelo okubopha kunye nokukhusela.

Ezi SPDs ziphuculweyo zinokude zinikezele ngohlobo lwe-mains Type 1 + 2 + 3 or data / telecom Test Cat D + C + B protection in one unit. Njengesixhobo sokuphela, umz.

Ngaphaya koko, amandla okukhusela ngokuchasene neendlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwahluka kwendlela evumela izixhobo ukuba zihlale zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lomsebenzi wokunikezela-ukubonelela ngezibonelelo ezibonakalayo kwimibutho yorhwebo, yemizi-mveliso kunye nenkonzo yoluntu ngokufanayo.

Zonke ii-LSP SPDs zibonelela ngokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwe-SPD kunye nomzi-mveliso okhokelela kwimilinganiselo ephantsi yokuvumela ukuhamba

(inqanaba lokhuseleko lombane, U_p), njengoko olu lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokufezekisa iindleko-ngokungaqiniseki, ngaphandle kokugcina ukhuselo ngaphandle kokuthintela ixesha elingenaxabiso lenkqubo. Ukukhuseleka okuphantsi kwamandla ombane kuzo zonke iindlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwahlukileyo kuthetha ukuba iiyunithi ezimbalwa ziyafuneka ukubonelela ngokhuseleko, olonga kwiiyunithi kunye neendleko zokufaka, kunye nexesha lokufaka.

Zonke ii-LSP SPDs zibonelela ngokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwe-SPD kunye nomzi mveliso okhokelela kumandla ombane ophantsi

isiphelo

Umbane ubeka isoyikiso esicacileyo kulwakhiwo kodwa isisongelo esikhulayo kwiinkqubo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ngenxa yokwanda kokusetyenziswa kunye nokuthembela kwezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki. I-BS EN / IEC 62305 uthotho lwemigangatho iyakwamkela ngokucacileyo oku. Ukukhuselwa kombane ngokolwakhiwo akunakuphinda kubekhona kubekelwa bucala kugqatso lwexeshana okanye ukhuseleko lwezixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SPDs eyandisiweyo kubonelela ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ezivumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi we-LEMP.