Umbane kunye nokukhuseleka kokukhusela inkqubo yomoya

Ngokukhula kolwazi ngokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nemida kwizibaso zethu ezisisiseko, imfuno yokufumana umthombo wamandla onamandla ahlaziyiweyo uyabonakala. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya lushishino olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Olu fakelo ngokubanzi lubekwe kwindawo evulekileyo kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo kwaye njengoko zinjalo iindawo ezinomtsalane zokukhupha umbane. Ukuba unikezelo oluthembekileyo luza kugcinwa kubalulekile ukuba imithombo yokonakaliswa kwamandla ombane incitshiswe. I-LSP ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo kumaza ombane ngokuthe ngqo nangokwahlukileyo.

I-LSP ine-suite epheleleyo yokukhuselwa kweemveliso ezikhoyo kwizicelo zeinjini yomoya. Ukunikezelwa kwe-LSP ukuya kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokhuselo zikaloliwe ze-DIN kunye nokujonga kunye nokujonga umbane. Njengokuba singena kwixesha kwimbali apho ukuqhubela phambili kumandla aluhlaza kunye netekhnoloji kusoloko kubangela ukuba kwakhiwe iifama zomoya ezininzi, kwaye iifama zomoya zangoku zandiswe, bobabini abenzi beinjini kunye nabanini beefama zomoya / abaqhubi bayazi ngakumbi iindleko ezinxulumene kubetha imibane. Umonakalo wemali owenziwa ngabaqhubi xa kukho isitrayikhi sombane siza ngeendlela ezimbini, iindleko ezinxulunyaniswa nokutshintshwa koomatshini ngenxa yomonakalo womzimba kunye neendleko ezinxulunyaniswa nenkqubo ngaphandle kweintanethi kwaye ingavelisi amandla. Iinkqubo zombane weTurbine zijamelana nemiceli mngeni eqhubekayo yokuma komhlaba ojikeleze bona, oomatshini bomoya ngokubanzi bezizona zakhiwo zide ekufakweni. Ngenxa yemozulu engentle abaya kuthi babhence kuyo, kudityaniswa nokulindelwe kwenjini ephephethwe ngumbane amatyeli aliqela ngalo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwayo, iindleko zokutshintsha izixhobo nokulungisa kufuneka zifakwe kwisicwangciso seshishini sawo nawuphi na umsebenzisi wefama yomoya. Umonakalo othe ngqo kunye nokungathanga ngqo wombane wenziwe ngamabala amakhulu e-electromagnetic adala okwexeshana okwexeshana. Oku kugqithisa kugqithiselwe kwinkqubo yombane ngqo kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kwenjini yomoya ngokwazo. Ukunyuka kusasazeka ngenkqubo evelisa ukonakaliswa kwangoko kunye nokufihlakeleyo kwisekethe nakwizixhobo zekhompyuter. Izinto ezinje ngejenreyitha, abaguquli, kunye nabaguquli bamandla kunye nolawulo lwe-elektroniki, unxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo ze-SCADA zinokonakaliswa sisibane esidale ukukhanya. Umonakalo othe ngqo nongxamisekileyo unokubonakala, kodwa umonakalo ofihlakeleyo owenzeka ngenxa yoqhankqalazo oluninzi okanye ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo koonokrweceka kunokubakho kumacandelo ombane aphambili kwiturbine yomoya eyenziweyo, amaxesha amaninzi lo monakalo awugutyungelwanga ziwaranti zomenzi, ngenxa yoko Iindleko zokulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa ziwela kubaqhubi.

Iindleko ze-Offline yenye yezinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuso nasiphi na isicwangciso seshishini esinxulumene nefama yomoya. Ezi ndleko ziza xa i-injini yomoya ikhubazekile kwaye kufuneka kusetyenzwe liqela lenkonzo, okanye kufakwe ezinye izinto ezibandakanya iindleko zokuthenga, ezothutho kunye nofakelo. Ingeniso enokulahleka ngenxa yesitrayikhi esinye sombane inokubaluleka, kwaye umonakalo ofihlakeleyo oveliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha wongeza kuloo nto. Imveliso yokhuselo lweinjini yomoya ye-LSP iyazinciphisa kakhulu iindleko ezinxulumene nokukwazi ukumelana nokuphakama kombane ngaphandle kokusilela, kwanasemva kweziganeko ezininzi zogwayimbo.

Ityala leenkqubo zokukhusela umoya kwiitrubin zomoya

Utshintsho oluqhubekayo kwiimeko zemozulu zidibene nokwanda kokuxhomekeka kumafutha epetroli kunike umdla omkhulu kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo, ehlaziyekayo kwihlabathi liphela. Enye yeetekhnoloji ethembisayo kumandla aluhlaza ngamandla omoya, ngaphandle kweendleko zokuqalisa eziphezulu iya kuba lukhetho kwiintlanga ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. Umzekelo, ePortugal, injongo yemveliso yamandla omoya ukusukela ngo-2006 ukuya ku-2010 yayikukunyusa ukuya kwi-25% yamandla ombane omoya onke, injongo eyayifezekisiwe kwaye yagqitha nakwiminyaka elandelayo. Ngelixa iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezinobundlongondlongo zokutyhala umoya kunye nemveliso yamandla elanga zikwandisile kakhulu kushishino lomoya, ngokonyuka kwenani leeinjini zomoya kuza ukwanda kumathuba okuba iiturbines zibethwe ngumbane. Ugwayimbo oluthe ngqo kwiiinjini zomoya lubonakele njengengxaki enkulu, kwaye kukho imiba eyahlukileyo eyenza ukukhuselwa kombane kube ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kumandla omoya kunakwamanye amashishini.

Ulwakhiwo lweeinjini zomoya lwahlukile, kwaye ezi zinto zide zinezinyithi zisengozini yokuhlaselwa ngumbane. Kukwanzima ukukhusela kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuqhelekileyo bokukhusela oothunywashe ikakhulu abazincama emva kotyando olunye. Iinjini zomoya zinokuphakama ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-150 ukuphakama, kwaye zibekwe kwindawo ephezulu kwiindawo ezikude ezichanabeke kwizinto, kubandakanya nemibane. Ezona zinto zivelileyo kumatshini womoya ziincakuba kunye ne-nacelle, kwaye ezi zinto ngokubanzi zenziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezingakwaziyo ukugcina isitrayikhi ngqo. Isitrayikhi esithe ngqo ngokuthe gabalala senzeka kwiibhleyidi, sidala imeko apho unyuko luhamba lonke kumacandelo einjini ngaphakathi kumatshini osinga ngumoya kwaye ngokunokwenzeka kuzo zonke iindawo ezidityaniswe ngombane zefama. Imimandla esetyenziselwa iifama zomoya zikhona iimeko ezimbi zomhlaba, kwaye ifama yomoya yanamhlanje ine-elektroniki eqhubekekayo ethe-ethe kakhulu. Yonke le micimbi yenza ukhuseleko lweeinjini zomoya kumonakalo onxulumene nombane ube ngumceli mngeni omkhulu.

Ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo lweinjini yomoya uqobo, ii-elektroniki kunye neebheringi zisengozini enkulu yomonakalo wombane. Iindleko zolondolozo ezinxulunyaniswa noomatshini bomoya ziphezulu ngenxa yobunzima bokubuyisela ezi zinto. Ukuzisa iitekhnoloji ezinokuphucula ubalo lweenkcukacha-manani endaweni yezinto eziyimfuneko ngumthombo wengxoxo enkulu kumagumbi amaninzi ebhodi nakwiiarhente zikarhulumente ezichaphazelekayo kwimveliso yomoya. Ubume obomeleleyo bokukhusela imveliso kwimveliso bohlukile kubuchwephesha bokukhusela kuba buqhubeka nokukhusela izixhobo nokuba zenziwe zasebenza, kwaye akukho sidingo sokutshintsha okanye ukuseta kwakhona emva kombane. Oku kuvumela iijenereyitha zamandla omoya ukuba zihlale kwi-Intanethi ixesha elide. Naluphi na uphuculo kumanani eenkcukacha manani ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunye namaxesha ezinto iiturbines ziphantsi kolondolozo ziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zizise ezinye iindleko kumthengi.

Ukuthintela ukonakala kumandla ombane asezantsi nolawulo kubalulekile, njengoko izifundo zibonisile ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-50% okusilela kweinjini yomoya kubangelwa kukuwohloka kwezi ndidi zamacandelo. Ukonakala kwamaxwebhu kwezixhobo ezinxulumene nokuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokubangela ukubaneka kombane kunye nokuhamba kwakhona okuhamba emva kokuvela kombane, kuqhelekile. Ukubanjwa kombane kufakwe kwicala legridi yamandla yeenkqubo zibekwe kunye necala elisezantsi levolthi ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki komhlaba, ukwandisa amandla ekhonkco lonke ukumelana nogwayimbo lwomoya kumatshini omnye womoya.

Umbane kunye nokukhuseleka kokukhuseleka koomoya

Eli nqaku lichaza ukumiliselwa kombane kunye nokukhuselwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo kwizixhobo zomoya.

Iinjini zomoya zisemngciphekweni omkhulu kwiziphumo zoqhankqalazo lombane ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yomgangatho wazo obanzi kunye nokuphakama. Kuba umngcipheko wombane obetha i-turbine yomoya inyuka ngekota kunye nokuphakama kwayo, kunokuqikelelwa ukuba i-injini yomoya ene-multi-megawatt ibethelwa ngumbane othe ngqo kwisithuba seenyanga ezilishumi elinambini.

Ukuhlawulwa kwembuyekezo kufuneka kuhlise iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa, oko kuthetha ukuba ixesha lokuphumla ngenxa yombane kunye nomonakalo wokunyuka kunye neendleko zokuphinda zihambelane kufuneka zithintelwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto imibane ebanzi kunye neendlela zokukhusela zibalulekile.

Xa ucwangcisa inkqubo yokukhusela umbane yeejinjini zomoya, ayisiyi-flots-to-earth kuphela, kodwa kunye nokukhanya komhlaba ukuya kwilifu, ekuthiwa ziinkokheli eziphezulu, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezinokuphakama okungaphezulu kwe-60 m kwiindawo eziveziweyo. . Ukuhlawulwa kombane okuphezulu kwezi nkokeli zinyukayo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ukukhusela iirotor blades kunye nokukhetha imibane efanelekileyo ekhoyo ngoku.

Ukumiswa komgangatho kunye nombane kunye nokukhuselwa kwenkqubo yeinjini yomoya
Umba wokhuseleko kufuneka usekwe kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe i-IEC 61400-24, IEC 62305 uthotho olusezantsi kunye nezikhokelo zoluntu lwaseJamani lwamaLloyd.

Amanyathelo okhuselo
IEC 61400-24 icebisa ukuba kukhethwe onke amacandelwana enkqubo yokhuseleko yombane yomoya ophephezelayo ngokwenqanaba lokukhusela umbane (LPL) I, ngaphandle kokuba uhlalutyo lomngcipheko lubonisa ukuba iLPL esezantsi yanele. Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko lunokutyhila ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo zinee-LPL ezahlukeneyo. I-IEC 61400-24 icebisa ukuba inkqubo yokhuselo lombane isekwe kwingqondo ebanzi yokukhuselwa kombane.

Umbane kunye nokukhuseleka kokukhuseleka kwenkqubo yeinjini yomoya inenkqubo yokhuseleko yombane yangaphandle (LPS) kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko (ii-SPM) ukukhusela izixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki. Ukucwangcisa amanyathelo okhuseleko, kuyacetyiswa ukwahlulahlula i-injini yomoya kwiindawo zokukhusela imibane (LPZs).

Ukukhuselwa kombane kunye nokukhuseleka kwenkqubo yeinjini yomoya kukhusela iisistim ezimbini ezingaphantsi ezinokufumaneka kuphela koomatshini bomoya, ezizezi, iileyori ezijikelezayo kunye noololiwe abasebenza ngamandla.

I-IEC 61400-24 ichaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokukhusela ezi ndawo zikhethekileyo zomoya kunye nendlela yokubonisa ukusebenza kwamanyathelo okukhusela umbane.

Ngokwalo mgangatho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwevolthi ephezulu ukuze uqinisekise amandla ombane anokumelana neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo ngesibetho sokuqala kunye nokubetha ixesha elide, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kukhutshelo oluqhelekileyo.

Iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo malunga nokukhuselwa kwamacangci e-rotor kunye neenxalenye / iibheringi ezibekwe ngokujikelezayo kufuneka zivavanywe ngokweenkcukacha kwaye zixhomekeke kumenzi wecandelo kunye nohlobo. Umgangatho we-IEC 61400-24 ubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga noku.

Ingcamango yendawo yokukhusela umbane
Umbono wommandla wokhuselo lombane yimilinganiselo yokuyila imeko ye-EMC echaziweyo kwinto. Indawo echaziweyo ye-EMC icacisiwe kukungakhuseleki kwezixhobo zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umbono wommandla wokhuselo wombane uvumela ukuncitshiswa kunye nokuphazanyiswa kwemitha kwimida ukuya kumaxabiso achaziweyo. Ngesi sizathu, into ekufuneka ikhuselwe yahlulwe yangamacandelo okhuselo.

Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela i-LPZ 0A, ezizezi iinxalenye zomoya ojikelezayo onokuthi ube phantsi koqhwithela lombane, kunye ne-LPZ 0B, ezizezi ziinxalenye zomoya ojikelezayo okhuselweyo kwimingxunya yombane ngqo ngumoya wangaphandle- Iinkqubo zokupheliswa okanye iinkqubo zokupheliswa komoya ezidityanisiweyo kwiindawo zomoya ojikelezayo (kumatshini werotor blade, umzekelo).

Ngokwe-IEC 61400-24, indlela eqengqelekayo yentsimi akufuneki isetyenziselwe iijikelezi zerotor ngokwazo. Ngesi sizathu, uyilo lwenkqubo yokupheliswa komoya kufuneka kuvavanywe ngokwesahluko 8.2.3 somgangatho we-IEC 61400-24.

Ikhiwane. 1 ibonisa isicelo esiqhelekileyo senkqubo yokuqengqeleka, ngelixa uFig. 2 ibonisa ukwahlulwa kweinjini yomoya kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yokukhusela imibane. Ukwahlulahlulwa kwemimandla yokhuseleko yombane kuxhomekeke kuyilo lweinjini yomoya. Ke ngoko, ulwakhiwo lwenjini yomoya kufuneka ibonwe.

Nangona kunjalo, kugqityiwe ukuba iiparameter zombane ezifakwe ngaphandle kwenjini yomoya ziye kwi-LPZ 0A zincitshiswe ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuselo kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselayo kuyo yonke imida yommandla ukuze izixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo ngaphakathi kwenjini yomoya zisebenze. ngokukhuselekileyo.

Amanyathelo okukhusela
Ubungakanani kufuneka benziwe njengesixhobo esikhuselweyo sesinyithi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ivolumu enomhlaba we-electromagnetic esezantsi kakhulu kunentsimi engaphandle kweinjini yomoya iyaphunyezwa kwisikali.

Ngokuhambelana ne-IEC 61400-24, inqaba yesinyithi e-tubular, esetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala iiturbines ezinkulu zomoya, ingaqwalaselwa njengendlwana egqibeleleyo yeFaraday, ekulungeleyo ukukhusela ngombane. Izinto ezitshintshiweyo kunye nolawulo lwekhabhathi kwi-casing okanye "nacelle" kwaye, ukuba ikhona, kwisakhiwo sokusebenza, nayo mayenziwe ngesinyithi. Iintambo zokudibanisa kufuneka zibonise ikhaka langaphandle elinakho ukuthwala imisinga yombane.

Iintambo ezikhuselweyo zixhathisa kuphela ukuphazamiseka kwe-EMC ukuba amakhaka axhunyiwe kwi-equipotential bonding kuzo zombini iziphelo. Amakhaka kufuneka aqhakamshelwe kusetyenziswa iiterminal ngokupheleleyo (360 °) ngaphandle kokufaka i-EMC-ezingahambelaniyo neentambo ezinde zokudibanisa kumatshini womoya.

Ukukhuselwa kweMagnetic kunye nokuhamba ngentambo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwecandelo le-4 le-IEC 62305-4. Ngesi sizathu, izikhokelo ngokubanzi zendlela yokufaka ehambelana ne-EMC ngokwe-IEC / TR 61000-5-2 kufuneka isetyenziswe.

Amanyathelo okhuselo abandakanya, umzekelo:

Ukufakwa kwesinyithi sentsimbi kwii-nacelles ezifakwe i-GRP.
Inqaba yentsimbi.
Iikhabhathi zeswitshi zentsimbi.
Iikhabhathi zolawulo lwentsimbi.
Umbane uphethe iintambo zokudibanisa ezikhuselekileyo (intambo yentsimbi, umbhobho okhuselweyo okanye izinto ezinje).
Ukukhuselwa kwentambo.

Amanyathelo okukhusela umbane wangaphandle
Umsebenzi we-LPS yangaphandle kukuthintela uqhankqalazo oluthe ngqo olubandakanya ukubetha kombane kwinqaba yomoya kunye nokukhupha umbane ukusuka kwindawo yoqhankqalazo ukuya emhlabeni. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbane emhlabeni ngoku ngaphandle komshushu okanye ukonakala komatshini okanye into eyingozi enokubangela umlilo okanye ukuqhuma kunye nokubeka abantu engozini.

Amanqaku anokubakho oqhankqalazo lomoya ophendulwa ngumoya (ngaphandle kwento ezijikelezayo zerotor) anokumiselwa ngendlela yokuqengqeleka kwesigaba sokubonisa esiboniswe kwiFig. 1. Kwiinjini zomoya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-LPS yodidi lokuqala. irediyasi r = 20 m iqengqeleka phezu kwomoya ojikelezayo ukuze kumiselwe amanqaku oqhankqalazo. Iinkqubo zokupheliswa komoya ziyafuneka apho inqanaba linxibelelana nomoya weinjini.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-nacelle / istasing kufuneka kudityaniswe kwinkqubo yokhuselo lombane ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukubetha kombane kwi-nacelle kubetha nokuba zizinto zesinyithi zendalo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nalo mthwalo okanye inkqubo yokuphelisa umoya eyilelwe le njongo. IiNacelles ezinesambatho seGRP kufuneka zifakelwe inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya kwaye ezantsi kweziqhubi ezenza ikheyiji ejikeleze i-nacelle.

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya kubandakanya ababhexeshi abangenanto kule kheyiji kufuneka babe nakho ukumelana nokubethana kombane ngokwenqanaba lokhuseleko lombane elikhethiweyo. Abaqhubi abangaphezulu kwindlwana kaFaraday kufuneka bayile ngendlela yokuba bamelane nesabelo sombane wangoku abanokuthi baphantsi kwawo. Ngokuhambelana ne-IEC 61400-24, iinkqubo zokupheliswa komoya zokukhusela izixhobo zomlinganiso ezibekwe ngaphandle kwe-nacelle kufuneka ziyilwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno ngokubanzi ze-IEC 62305-3 kwaye abaqhubi bezantsi kufuneka badityaniswe kwikheji echazwe apha ngasentla.

"Izinto zendalo" ezenziwe ngezixhobo eziqhubayo ezifakwe ngokusisigxina kwi / kumatshini womoya kwaye zihlala zingatshintshi (umz. Inkqubo yokhuselo lombane kwii-rotor blades, iibheringi, iiframe eziphambili, inqaba yomxube, njl. Njl.) Zinokudityaniswa kwi-LPS. Ukuba iiinjini zomoya zakhiwe ngesinyithi, kunokucingelwa ukuba ziyazizalisekisa iimfuno zenkqubo yokukhusela imibane yangaphandle yeklasi ye-LPS I ngokwe-IEC 62305.

Oku kufuna ukuba isiteleka sombane singenwe ngokukhuselekileyo yi-LPS yeerotor blades ukuze ikhutshelwe kwinkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba kusetyenziswa izinto zendalo ezinje ngeebheringi, iifayile eziphambili, inqaba kunye / okanye iinkqubo zokudlula (umz. iibhrashi zekhabhoni).

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya / umqhubi wezantsi
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi 1. i-nacelle kubandakanya ulwakhiwo olungaphezulu; ihabhu yokujikeleza kunye nenqaba yomoya ojikelezayo inokubethwa ngumbane.
Ukuba banokuwuthintela amandla ombane aphezulu angama-200 kA ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye banokuwukhuphela kwinkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba, banokusetyenziswa "njengezinto zendalo" zenkqubo yokupheliswa komoya yenkqubo yokukhusela umbane wangaphandle.

Ii-Metallic receptors, ezimele iindawo ezichaziweyo zoqhankqalazo, zihlala zifakwa ecaleni kweGRP blade ukukhusela iirotor blade ngokuchasene nomonakalo ngenxa yombane. Umqhubi wezantsi uhanjiswa ukusuka kwi-receptor ukuya kwingcambu ye-blade. Kwimeko yesitrayikhi sombane, kunokucingelwa ukuba isitrayikhi sombane sibethe incam yentsimbi (i-receptor) kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe ngokusebenzisa umqhubi ophantsi kwentsimbi ukuya kwinkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba nge-nacelle nakwinqaba.

Inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba
Inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba yomoya ojikelezayo kufuneka yenze imisebenzi eliqela njengokukhuselwa komntu, ukhuseleko lwe-EMC kunye nokukhuselwa kombane.

Inkqubo esebenzayo yokuphelisa umhlaba (jonga Ikhiwane. 3) kubalulekile ukusasaza imibane kunye nokukhusela i-injini yomoya ukuba ingatshatyalaliswa. Ngapha koko, inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba kufuneka ikhusele abantu kunye nezilwanyana kukothuka kombane. Kwimeko yesitrayikhi sombane, inkqubo yokuphelisa umhlaba kufuneka ikhuphe imibane ephezulu emhlabeni kwaye iyisasaze emhlabeni ngaphandle kobushushu obuyingozi kunye / okanye iziphumo zombane.

Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukuseka inkqubo yokuphelisa umhlaba yomoya osebenzisa ukukhusela i-injini yomoya ngokuchasene nemibane kunye nomhlaba inkqubo yokuhambisa umbane.

Qaphela: Imimiselo yombane yamandla ombane aphezulu njengeCenelec HO 637 S1 okanye imigangatho yesizwe esebenzayo ichaza indlela yokuyila inkqubo yokuphelisa umhlaba ukunqanda ukuchukumisa okuphezulu kunye nokunyathela kwamanyathelo okubangelwa ziisekethi ezimfutshane kwiinkqubo eziphezulu okanye eziphakathi. Ngokumalunga nokukhuselwa kwabantu, umgangatho we-IEC 61400-24 ubhekisa kwi-IEC // TS 60479-1 kunye ne-IEC 60479-4.

Ukucwangciswa kwee-electrode zomhlaba

I-IEC 62305-3 ichaza iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zamalungiselelo e-electrode yomhlaba yeeinjini zomoya:

Uhlobo A: NgokweSihlomelo I se-IEC 61400-24, olu lungiselelo kufuneka lungasetyenziselwa oomatshini bomoya, kodwa lungasetyenziselwa izihlomelo (umzekelo, izakhiwo ezinezixhobo zokulinganisa okanye ishedi zeofisi ngokunxulumene nefama yomoya). Uhlobo lwe-A lwamalungiselelo e-electrode yomhlaba aqukethe ii-electrode ezithe tyaba okanye ezithe nkqo eziqhagamshelwe ubuncinci zii-conductor ezimbini ezantsi kwisakhiwo.

Uhlobo B: NgokwesiHlomelo I se-IEC 61400-24, olu lungiselelo kufuneka lusetyenziselwe oomatshini bomoya. Nokuba iqulathe umsesane wangaphandle womhlaba wombane ufakelwe emhlabeni okanye isiseko somhlaba se electrode. Iringi yomhlaba ii-electrode kunye namalungu esinyithi kwisiseko kufuneka adityaniswe kulwakhiwo lwenqaba.

Ukuqiniswa kwesiseko senqaba kufuneka kudityaniswe nomxholo womhlaba weinjini yomoya. Inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba kwesiseko senqaba kunye nesakhiwo sokusebenza kufuneka sinxulunyaniswe kusetyenziswa uthungelwano lwe-meshed ye-electrode zomhlaba ukufumana inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba eqala ngakwindawo enkulu kangangoko. Ukuthintela amanyathelo anyanzelekileyo ngenxa yesitrayikhi sombane, ulawulo olunokubakho kunye nokubola okunganyangekiyo kumhlwa i-electrode zomhlaba (ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici) kufuneka ifakwe kufutshane nesiseko senqaba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu (jonga Ikhiwane. 3).

Isiseko se-electrode

Ii-electrode zomhlaba ezisisiseko zenza ubuchwephesha kunye noqoqosho kwaye, umzekelo, ziyafuneka kwiMeko zoQhagamshelo lobuGcisa zaseJamani (TAB) yeenkampani zonikezelo lwamandla. I-electrode eyisiseko seSiseko yinxalenye yofakelo lombane kwaye izalisekisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko. Ngesi sizathu, kufuneka bafakelwe ngabantu abanezakhono zombane okanye phantsi kweliso lomntu onobuchule bombane.

Izinyithi ezisetyenziselwa i-electrode zomhlaba kufuneka zithobele izinto ezidweliswe kwiTheyibhile 7 ye-IEC 62305-3. Ukuziphatha kokubola kwesinyithi emhlabeni kufuneka kuhlale kujongwa. I-electrode yeSiseko somhlaba kufuneka yenziwe ngesinyithi esenziwe ngesinyithi okanye esingafakwanga i-galvanized (round or strip yentsimbi). Isinyithi esijikeleziweyo kufuneka sibe nobubanzi obuncinci be-10 mm. I-Strip yentsimbi kufuneka ibe nobukhulu obuncinci be-30 x 3,5 mm. Qaphela ukuba le nto kufuneka igqunywe nge-5 cm yekhonkrithi (ukhuseleko lomhlwa). Isiseko se-electrode kufuneka sidityaniswe ne-bar eyintloko ye-equipotential yokudibanisa kwimoya yomoya. Ukudibana okunganyangekiyo nokubola komhlwa kufuneka kusekwe ngokudityaniswa kwamanqaku asemhlabeni eelugs ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici. Ngapha koko, iringi yomhlaba i-electrode eyenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici kufuneka ifakwe emhlabeni.

Ukukhuselwa kutshintsho ukusuka kwi-LPZ 0A ukuya kwi-LPZ 1

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki, imida yee-LPZs kufuneka ikhuselwe kuphazamiseko olunemitha kwaye ikhuselwe kuthintelo olwenziwe (jonga Ikhiwane. 2 kunye ne-4). Izixhobo zokukhusela ezikwaziyo ukukhupha imibane ephezulu ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kufuneka ifakwe kutshintsho ukusuka kwi-LPZ 0A ukuya kwi-LPZ 1 (ekwabizwa ngokuba "ngumbane wokuxhobisa umbane"). Ezi zixhobo zokukhusela kubhekiswa kuzo njengombane wokubanjwa okwangoku kwaye zivavanywa ngeendlela zokunyanzelwa kwe-10/350 μs ifom wave. Ekutshintsheni ukusuka kwi-LPZ 0B ukuya kwi-LPZ 1 kunye ne-LPZ 1 kwaye ngaphezulu kuphela amandla ashukumisayo amandla okushukuma okubangelwa zii-voltages ezikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo okanye ama-surges aveliswe kwinkqubo kufuneka ajongane nawo. Ezi zixhobo zokukhusela kubhekiswa kuzo njengeklasi II yokubanjwa kwabantu abaza kuvavanywa kusetyenziswa imisinga ye-8/20 μs waveform.

Ngokomgaqo wokhuselo lombane, zonke iintambo ezingenayo kunye nolayini kufuneka zidityaniswe kumbane wokuxhobisa ngaphandle kokukhetha ngokusebenzisa umbane wokudubula umbane ngoku ukusuka kumda we-LPZ 0A ukuya kwi-LPZ 1 okanye ukusuka kwi-LPZ 0A ukuya kwi-LPZ 2.

Olunye uxhobiso lwasekhaya lokuxhobisa, apho zonke iintambo kunye nemigca engena kulo mda kufuneka idityaniswe, kufuneka ifakwe kuyo yonke eminye imida yendawo ngaphakathi komthamo oza kukhuselwa.

Chwetheza 2 ukuvalelwa kokubanjwa kufuneka kufakelwe kutshintsho ukusuka kwi-LPZ 0B ukuya kwi-LPZ 1 nokusuka kwi-LPZ 1 ukuya kwi-LPZ 2, ngelixa abakwiklasi yesithathu yokubanjwa kufuneka bafakelwe kutshintsho ukusuka kwi-LPZ 2 ukuya kwi-LPZ 3. Umsebenzi weklasi II kunye nodidi III ukuvalela abagibeli kukunciphisa uphazamiseko olushiyekileyo lwamanqanaba okhuselo anyukayo kunye nokunciphisa unyuko olubangelwe okanye oluveliswe ngaphakathi kwenjini yomoya.

Ukukhetha i-SPDs esekwe kwinqanaba lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane (Phezulu) kunye nezixhobo zokuzikhusela

Ukuchaza ukunyuka kwi-LPZ, amanqanaba okukhusela izixhobo ngaphakathi kwe-LPZ kufuneka achazwe, umz., Iintambo zombane kunye nokudityaniswa kwezixhobo ngokwe-IEC 61000-4-5 kunye ne-IEC 60664-1; kwimigca yokunxibelelana ngomnxeba kunye nokudityaniswa kwezixhobo ngokwe-IEC 61000-4-5, ITU-T K.20 kunye ne-ITU-T K. 21, kunye neminye imigca nokunxibelelana kwezixhobo ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.

Abavelisi bezinto zombane neze-elektroniki kufuneka babenakho ukubonelela ngolwazi olufunekayo kwinqanaba lokuzikhusela ngokwemigangatho ye-EMC. Ngaphandle koko, umenzi weinjini yomoya kufuneka enze iimvavanyo ukumisela inqanaba lokhuselo. Inqanaba lokuchasana elichaziweyo lezinto kwi-LPZ lichaza ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane kwimida ye-LPZ. Ukukhuseleka kwenkqubo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe, apho kufanelekileyo, ngazo zonke ii-SPD ezifakiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo.

Ukukhuselwa kwamandla

Isiguquli somoya somoya sinokufakwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (kwisikhululo sokuhambisa esahlukileyo, kwisiseko senqaba, kwinqaba, kwi-nacelle). Kwimeko yeinjini zomoya ezinkulu, umzekelo, intambo ye-20 kV engaxutywanga kwisiseko senqaba ihanjiswa ukuya kufakelo lwamandla ombane aphakathi aquka ikhefu lesekethe yokutshixa, isixhobo sokukhiya isixhobo sokuvala isixhobo, isixhobo sokuphuma somhlaba kunye nokudlulisa ukhuselo.

Iintambo ze-MV zihanjiswa ukusuka kufakelo lwe-MV switchgear kwinqaba yomoya ojikelezayo ukuya kwisiguquli esikwi-nacelle. Isiguquli sondla ikhabhathi yolawulo kwisiseko senqaba, ikhabinethi yokutshintsha kwi-nacelle kunye nenkqubo ye-pitch kwihabhu kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-TN-C (L1; L2; L3; IPEN conductor; 3PhY; 3 W + G). Ikhabhathi ye switchgear kwi-nacelle ibonelela ngezixhobo zombane ngombane we-AC we-230/400 V.

Ngokwe-IEC 60364-4-44, zonke izixhobo zombane ezifakwe kwimoya yomoya kufuneka zibenomlinganiso othile wokumelana namandla ombane ngokwamandla ombane weinjini yomoya. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaza kubanjwa ukuba bafakelwe kufuneka babenenqanaba elichaziweyo lokhuselo lwevolthi ngokuxhomekeke kumandla ombane wenkqubo. Ukunyuka kokubanjwa okusetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-400/690 V iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla kufuneka zibe nenqanaba elincinci lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane I-≤2,5 kV, ngelixa umbanjwa osetyenziswayo ukukhusela i-230/400 V yeenkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla kufuneka zibe nenqanaba lokukhusela i-voltage phezulu ≤1,5 kV ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo zombane / zombane ezibuthathaka. Ukufezekisa le mfuno, izixhobo ezikhuselayo zokukhusela ii-400/690 V zokuhambisa umbane ezinokuqhuba umbane we-10/350 μs ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kwaye uqinisekise ngenqanaba lokhuseleko lwamandla ombane ukuya kuma-,2,5 kV kufuneka afakelwe.

Iinkqubo ezingama-230/400 V zokuhambisa umbane

Unikezelo lwamandla olawulo lwekhabhathi yolawulo kwisiseko senqaba, ikhabhathi ye switchgear kwi-nacelle kunye nenkqubo ye-pitch kwihabhu kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-230/400 V TN-C (3PhY, 3W + G) kufuneka ikhuselwe yiklasi II ukunyuka kokubanjwa okunje nge-SLP40-275 / 3S.

Ukukhuselwa kwesibane sesilumkiso senqwelomoya

Isibane sesilumkiso senqwelomoya kwimasti yesivamvo kwi-LPZ 0B kufuneka sikhuselwe ngohlobo lokuvalelwa ekubambeni kwabantu kwindawo yotshintsho efanelekileyo (LPZ 0B → 1, LPZ 1 → 2) (1 Table).

Iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ezingama-400 / 690V Ukulungelelaniswa kombane osisibambiso somatshini wokubamba umbane ngokulandela umda ngoku kwi-400/690 V yeenkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ezinje ngeSLP40-750 / 3S, kufuneka zifakwe ukukhusela isiguquli sama-400/690 V , ii-inverters, ii-filters ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa.

Ukukhuselwa kwemigca yomvelisi

Ukujonga ukunyamezelana kwamandla ombane aphezulu, iklasi II yokunyanzelwa kokubanjwa kwemilinganiselo engaphaya ukuya kwi-1000 V kufuneka ifakwe ukukhusela i-rotor jiko lomvelisi kunye nomgca wokubonelela nge-inverter. Ukubanjwa okongeziweyo okususelwa kwintlantsi kunye nokulinganiswa kwamandla ombane okumelana namandla ombane i-UN / AC = 2,2 kV (50 Hz) isetyenziselwa ukubekwa bucala kunye nokuthintela i-varistor-based arresters ekusebenzeni ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamandla ombane okunokwenzeka Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-inverter. Iimodyuli ezintathu zodidi lwesibini lokuvalela ukubanjwa kunye nokunyusa amandla ombane we-varistor yeenkqubo ezingama-690 V ifakwe kwicala ngalinye le-stator yomvelisi.

Iimodyuli ezintathu zodidi lwesibini lokuphakama kokubanjwa kohlobo lwe-SLP40-750 / 3S zenzelwe ngokukodwa oomatshini bomoya. Banombane olinganiselweyo we-varistor Umov ye-750 V AC, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane okunokwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza.

Ukunyuka kokubanjwa kweenkqubo ze-IT

Ukunyuka kokubanjwa kokukhusela izixhobo zombane kuthungelwano ngocingo kunye nokusayina uthungelwano ngokuchasene nokuthe ngqo nokungathanga ngqo koqhankqalazo lombane kunye nolunye ugcino lwethutyana luchazwe kwi-IEC 61643-21 kwaye zifakwe kwimida yemimandla ngokuhambelana nombono wokhuseleko lombane.

Ukubanjwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi kufuneka kuyilwe ngaphandle kwamabala angaboniyo. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba amanqanaba okhuseleko ahlukeneyo ayadityaniswa, kungenjalo ayizukusebenza onke amanqanaba okhuselo, abangela iimpazamo kwisixhobo sokukhusela.

Kwimeko ezininzi, iintambo zeglasi zefayibha zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imigca ye-IT kumatshini womoya kunye nokudibanisa iikhabhathi zolawulo ukusuka kwisiseko senqaba ukuya kwi-nacelle. Ukufakwa kwikhabhathi phakathi kwee-actuator kunye ne-sensors kunye neekhabhathi zolawulo kuphunyezwa ziintambo zobhedu ezikhuselweyo. Kuba ukuphazanyiswa yindawo ye-electromagnetic kungafakwanga, iintambo zeglasi zefayibha akufuneki zikhuselwe ngabavaleli bokunyuka ngaphandle kokuba intambo yeglasi yefayibha inesingxobo sesinyithi ekufuneka sidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-equipotential bonding okanye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhuselayo.

Ngokubanzi, le migca ilandelayo yomqondiso ikhuselweyo idibanisa ii-actuator kunye ne-sensors kunye neekhabhathi zolawulo kufuneka zikhuselwe ngezixhobo zokukhusela:

Imigca yemiqondiso yesikhululo semozulu kwimasti yoluvo.
Imigca yokutyikitya ihanjiswe phakathi kwe-nacelle kunye nenkqubo ye-pitch kwihabhu.
Imigca yokutyikitya kwenkqubo ye-pitch.

Imigca yemiqondiso yesikhululo sezulu

Imigca yesiginali (4 - 20 mA ujongano) phakathi kwesenzi sesikhululo sezulu kunye nekhabhathi yokutshintsha iyasuswa kwi-LPZ 0B iye kwi-LPZ 2 kwaye inokukhuselwa nge-FLD2-24. Ezi ndawo zigcina ukhuseleko ngokudibeneyo zibambe imigca emibini okanye emine kunye nesalathiso esifanayo kunye nonxibelelwano olungalinganiyo kwaye ziyafumaneka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ukhuselo lomhlaba. Iiterminal ezimbini eziguqukayo zentwasahlobo zokunxibelelana ngokusisigxina kwe-impedance ephantsi kunye necala elikhuselweyo nelingakhuselekanga lombanjwa lisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umhlaba.

Iimvavanyo zaselebhu ngokwe-IEC 61400-24

I-IEC 61400-24 ichaza iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zokwenza inqanaba lenkqubo yovavanyo lokhuselo kumatshini womoya:

Ngexesha lovavanyo lwangoku lokunyanzelwa phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza, imisinga yentshukumo okanye imibane yombane efakwe kwimigca nganye yenkqubo yolawulo ngelixa umbane wobonelelo ukho. Ngokwenza njalo, izixhobo eziza kukhuselwa kubandakanya zonke ii-SPD zixhomekeke kuvavanyo lwangoku.
Indlela yesibini yovavanyo ifanisa iimpembelelo zombane wombane wombane wombane (LEMPs). Umbane opheleleyo ufakelwe kulwakhiwo olukhupha umbane ngoku kunye nokuziphatha kwenkqubo yombane kuhlalutywa kusetyenziswa ukulinganisa ukufakwa kwekhabhathi phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ngokungangoko kunokwenzeka. Umbane okhoyo ngoku yiparameter yovavanyo.