Ukunyuka kombane ngoku kunye nokukhuselwa kwamandla

Ukunyuka kombane ngoku kunye nokukhuselwa kwamandla

Ugqithiso lwemvelaphi yomoya
Iinkcazo zevoltage

Ugqithiso (kwinkqubo) nayiphi na ivolthi phakathi kwesigaba esinye somqhubi kunye nomhlaba okanye phakathi kwabaqhubi besigaba abanexabiso eligqithisileyo kwincopho ehambelanayo yamandla ombane aphezulu kwinkcazo yezixhobo ezivela kwi-International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV 604-03-09)

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovoto

Ugqithiso lwevolthi yimpembelelo yombane okanye umbane obekwe phezulu kumandla ombane alinganisiweyo enethiwekhi (jonga Ikhiwane. J1)

Olu hlobo lwe-overvoltage lubonakaliswa ngu (jonga Ikhiwane. J2):

• ixesha lokunyuka tf (kwi-μs);
• I-gradient S (kwi-kV / μs).

Ukugqithisa okuphazamisayo kuphazamisa izixhobo kwaye kuvelise i-electromagnetic radiation. Ngaphaya koko, ubude be-overvoltage (T) bubangela amandla aphezulu kwiisekethi zombane ezinokutshabalalisa izixhobo.
Umzobo J2-Ezona mpawu ziphambili zevoltage

Iindidi ezine zevoltage enokuphazamisa ufakelo lombane kunye nemithwalo:

• Ukutshintsha i-surges: ii-overvoltages ezihamba rhoqo okanye ukuphazamiseka okugqithileyo (jonga Ikhiwane. J1) okubangelwa lutshintsho kwimeko yozinzo kwinethiwekhi yombane (ngexesha lokusebenza kweswitshi).
• Amandla e-frequency evuselelayo: i-overvoltages yamaxesha afanayo nenethiwekhi (50, 60, okanye 400 Hz) ebangelwa lutshintsho olusisigxina lombuso kwinethiwekhi (kulandela isiphoso: impazamo yokugquma, ukonakala komqhubi ongathathi cala, njl.).
• Ukuchaphazeleka okubangelwa kukukhutshwa kombane: ii-overvoltages ezimfutshane kakhulu (ii-nanoseconds ezimbalwa) zamaza aphakamileyo kakhulu abangelwa kukukhutshwa kweentlawulo zombane eziqokelelweyo (umzekelo, umntu ohamba ekhaphethini eneentambo zokugquma uhlawuliswa ngombane ngombane wee-kilovolts ezininzi).
• Ukuchaphazeleka kwemvelaphi yomoya.

Iimpawu zokubaleka kwemvelaphi yomoya

Imivumbo yombane kumanani ambalwa: Umbane ubaneka amandla amakhulu ombane (jonga umfanekiso J4)

• amawaka aliwaka ampere
• yokuhamba rhoqo (malunga ne-1 megahertz)
• yexesha elifutshane (ukusuka kwi-microsecond ukuya kwi-millisecond)

Phakathi kowe-2000 ukuya kuma-5000 izaqhwithi zihlala zisenzeka kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi nkqwithela zikhatshwa yimibane ebonisa ingozi enkulu ebantwini nakwizixhobo. Umbane ubaneka kumhlaba ophakathi nge-30 ukuya kwi-100 imivimbo ngomzuzwana, okt i-3 yezigidigidi zemibane ngonyaka.

Itheyibhile kuMzobo J3 ibonisa amaxabiso esitrayikhi sombane kunye namathuba ahambelana nawo. Njengoko kunokubonwa, ama-50% emivimbo yombane ane-35 kA yangoku kunye ne-5% yangoku edlula i-100 kA. Amandla adluliswe sisibetho sombane ke aphezulu kakhulu.

Umzobo J3 -Imizekelo yamaxabiso okuphuma kombane enikezwe ngumgangatho we-IEC 62305-1 (2010-Itheyibhile A.3)

Umzobo J4-Umzekelo wombane wangoku

Umbane ukwadala inani elikhulu lemililo, ubukhulu becala kwimimandla yezolimo (itshabalalisa izindlu okanye izenza zingakulungeli ukusetyenziswa). Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kakhulu zithambekele kwimibane yombane.

Iziphumo kufakelo lombane

Umbane wonakalisa iinkqubo zombane kunye neze-elektroniki ngokukodwa: iitshintshi, iimitha zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane kwindawo yokuhlala neyamashishini.

Iindleko zokulungisa umonakalo odalwe ngumbane ziphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuvavanya iziphumo:

• Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ziikhompyuter kunye nothungelwano lonxibelelwano;
• iimpazamo eziveliswe ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo yokulawula kunye neenkqubo zolawulo.

Ngapha koko, iindleko zelahleko yokusebenza zingaphakama kakhulu kunexabiso lezixhobo ezonakalisiweyo.

Iimpembelelo zokubetha kombane

Umbane yinto ehamba rhoqo ngombane ebangela ukugqabhuka kwezinto zonke ezihamba ngakumbi, ngakumbi kumbane kunye nezixhobo.

Ukubetha kombane kunokuchaphazela iinkqubo zombane (kunye / okanye zombane) zesakhiwo ngeendlela ezimbini:

• ngempembelelo ethe ngqo yesitrayikhi sombane kweso sakhiwo (jonga umzobo J5 a);
• ngempembelelo engathanga ngqo yesitrayikhi sombane kwisakhiwo:
• Isibetho sombane sinokuwa phezu komgca wombane ophezulu ohambisa isakhiwo (jonga Ikhiwane. J5 b). Ugqithiso kunye nokugqithisa kwamandla kungasasazeka ngeekhilomitha ezininzi ukusuka kwindawo yefuthe.
• Ukubetha kombane kunokuwa kufutshane nomtya wombane (jonga Ikhiwane. J5 c). Ngumbane wombane ovelisa amandla ombane avelisa isantya esiphezulu kunye nogqithiso kugqithiso kuthungelwano lwamandla ombane. Kumatyala amabini okugqibela, imisinga eyingozi kunye neevolthi zihanjiswa ngothungelwano lombane.

Isibetho sombane sinokuwa kufutshane nesakhiwo (jonga Ikhiwane J5 d). Amandla omhlaba ajikeleze indawo yempembelelo akhula ngendlela eyingozi.

Umzobo J5 - Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zempembelelo zombane

Kuzo zonke iimeko, iziphumo zofakelo lombane kunye nemithwalo inokuba mihle.

Umzobo J6-Isiphumo sempembelelo yesibetho sombane

Umbane uwela kwisakhiwo esingakhuselekanga.	Umbane uwela kufutshane nomgca ongaphezulu.	Umbane uwe kufuphi nesakhiwo.
Umbane ngoku uqukuqela emhlabeni ngokudlula ngaphezulu okanye kokungaphantsi kokuqhutywa kwesakhiwo esinemiphumela eyonakalisayo: Iziphumo zobushushu: Ubushushu obunobushushu obunamandla bezinto, obangela umlilo Iziphumo zoomatshini: Ukulungiswa kolwakhiwo i-thermal flashover: Into eyingozi kakhulu phambi kwezinto ezinokutsha okanye ezinokuqhushumba (iihydrocarbon, uthuli, njl.	Umbane okwangoku uvelisa ngaphezulu kweevolthi ngokusebenzisa ukungeniswa kombane kwinkqubo yokuhambisa. Oku kugqithisa kusasazwa ecaleni komgca kwizixhobo zombane ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.	Ukubetha kombane kuvelisa iintlobo ezifanayo zokugqithisa kwamandla njengoko kuchazwe ngokuchaseneyo. Ukongeza, umbane uphuma ubuye kwakhona emhlabeni uye kufakelo lombane, yiyo loo nto ibangela ukonakala kwezixhobo.
Isakhiwo kunye nofakelo ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo sitshatyalaliswa ngokubanzi	Ukufakelwa kombane ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo kutshatyalaliswa ngokubanzi.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza

Imo eqhelekileyo

Imowudi yokuchaphazeleka kwendlela eqhelekileyo ibonakala phakathi kwabaqhubi abaphilayo kunye nomhlaba: isigaba ukuya emhlabeni okanye ukungathathi hlangothi emhlabeni (jonga Ikhiwane. J7). Ziyingozi ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa isakhelo sayo sinxibelelene nomhlaba ngenxa yemingcipheko yokonakala kweelektri.

Umzobo J7 -Imowudi eqhelekileyo

Imowudi eyahlukileyo

Ukwahluka kwemowudi yendlela eyahlukileyo ivela phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma:

isigaba-ukuya-kwisigaba okanye isigaba-ukuya-cala (jonga Ikhiwane. J8). Ziyingozi ngakumbi kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ezibuthathaka ezifana neekhompyuter, njl.

Umzobo J8 -Imowudi eyahlukileyo

Iimpawu zombane wombane

Uhlalutyo lweziganeko luvumela inkcazo yeentlobo zamaza ombane kunye namaza ombane.

• Iindidi ezi-2 zamaza okwangoku ziqwalaselwa yimigangatho ye-IEC:
• 10/350 waves wave: ukubonakalisa amaza akhoyo ngoku kubetha ngokuthe ngqo kombane (jonga Ikhiwane. J9);

Umzobo J9 - 10/350 ngamagagasi akhoyo ngoku

• I-8/20 tos wave: ukubonakalisa amaza akhoyo ngoku kubetha ngokungangqalanga kombane (jonga Ikhiwane. J10).

Umzobo J10 - 8/20 ngamagagasi akhoyo ngoku

Ezi ntlobo zimbini zamaza ombane zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iimvavanyo kwii-SPDs (IEC standard 61643-11) kunye nezixhobo zokuzikhusela kwimibane yombane.

Ixabiso eliphakamileyo lomtshangatshangiso wangoku libonisa ubungqongqo bokubetha kombane.

Izinto ezigqithileyo ezenziwe yimibane zibonakaliswa ngumbane wamandla ombane we-1.2 / 50 (jonga Ikhiwane. J11).

Olu hlobo lwamaza ombane lusetyenziselwa ukungqinisisa izixhobo ezinganyangekiyo kwimvelaphi yomoya (amandla ombane ngokwe-IEC 61000-4-5).

Umzobo J11 - 1.2 / 50 waves ombane wamaza ombane

Umgaqo wokukhusela umbane
Imigaqo ngokubanzi yokukhusela umbane

Inkqubo yokuthintela umngcipheko wesitrayikhi sombane
Inkqubo yokukhusela isakhiwo kwiziphumo zombane kufuneka ibandakanye:

• ukukhuselwa kwezakhiwo ngokuchasene nemibane ngqo;
• ukukhuselwa kofakelo lombane ngokubetha ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo kwimibane.

Umgaqo osisiseko wokhuselo lofakelo ngokuchasene nomngcipheko wombane kukuthintela amandla aphazamisayo ekufikeleleni kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka. Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka:

• thatha umbane ngoku kwaye uwudlulisele emhlabeni ngendlela ethe ngqo (ukuthintela indawo ekufuphi nezixhobo ezibuthathaka);
• yenza uxhobiso lwe-equipotential lofakelo; Olu manyano lwe-equipotential luphunyezwa zii-bonding condors, zongezwa zizixhobo zoKhuseleko lweSurge (SPDs) okanye izithuba zentlantsi (umz.
• ukunciphisa iziphumo ezikhuthaziweyo nezingathanga ngqo ngokufaka ii-SPDs kunye / okanye iifilitha. Iinkqubo ezimbini zokukhusela zisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa umda wevolvingi: ziyaziwa njengenkqubo yokukhusela izakhiwo (zangaphandle kwezakhiwo) kunye nenkqubo yokhuselo lofakelo lombane (ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo).

Inkqubo yokukhusela isakhiwo

Indima yenkqubo yokhuselo lokwakha kukuyikhusela ngokuchasene nemibane ethe ngqo.
Inkqubo iquka:

• isixhobo sokubamba: inkqubo yokukhusela umbane;
• ezantsi eziqhubayo ziyilelwe ukuhambisa umbane wangoku emhlabeni;
• “Unyawo lukakungu” umhlaba ukhokelela ekubeni uqhagamshelene;
• Unxibelelwano phakathi kwazo zonke izakhelo zesinyithi (i-equipotential bonding) kunye nezikhokelo zomhlaba.

Xa umbane ujikeleza kumqhubi, ukuba kukho umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwawo kunye nezakhelo eziqhagamshelwe emhlabeni ezikuloo ndawo, le yokugqibela inokubangela ukutshabalalisa okungapheliyo.

Iindidi ezi-3 zenkqubo yokhuseleko yombane
Iindidi ezintathu zokhuselo lolwakhiwo zisetyenziswa:

Intonga yombane (intonga elula okanye inkqubo yokubangela)

Intonga yombane yincam yokubamba yentsimbi ebekwe phezulu kwisakhiwo. Ifunyanwa ngumqhubi omnye okanye ngaphezulu (idla ngokuba yimicu yobhedu) (jonga umzekeliso J12).

Umzobo J12 - Intonga yombane (intonga elula okanye inkqubo yokubangela)

Intonga yombane kunye neengcingo ezingacacanga

Ezi ngcingo zolulwe ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo ukuba zikhuselwe. Zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela izakhiwo ezizodwa: ukuqaliswa kweerokethi iindawo, ukusetyenziswa kwezomkhosi kunye nokukhuselwa kwemigca ephezulu yeevolthi (jonga Ikhiwane. J13).

Umzobo J13 - iingcingo zikaTaut

Umbhexeshi wombane kunye nendlwana ebotshiweyo (ikheji yeFaraday)

Olu khuselo lubandakanya ukubeka phantsi uninzi lweekhondoratha / iiteyiphu ngokulinganayo macala onke esakhiwo. (jonga Ikhiwane. J14).

Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokukhusela umbane lusetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezivezwe kakhulu ezinokufakwa kufakelo olubuthathaka njengamagumbi ekhompyuter.

Umzobo J14 - Ikheyiji edibeneyo (ikheji yeFaraday)

Iziphumo zokhuselo lolwakhiwo lwezixhobo zofakelo lombane

I-50% yombane okhutshiweyo yinkqubo yokhuselo lwesakhiwo iphinda ibuyele kuthungelwano lomhlaba lofakelo lombane (jonga Ikhiwane. J15): ukunyuka okunokubakho kweefreyimu rhoqo kugqitha ukugquma kokumelana namandla abaqhubi kuthungelwano olwahlukeneyo ( I-LV, unxibelelwano ngomnxeba, intambo yevidiyo, njl.

Ngaphaya koko, ukuhamba kwale ndlela yangoku ngokusebenzisa ezantsi kweekhondaktha kuvelisa iovoltage ezibangelwa kukufakwa kombane.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokhuselo lolwakhiwo ayilukhuseli ufakelo lombane: ke ngoko, kunyanzelekile ukubonelela ngenkqubo yokhuselo lofakelo lombane.

Umzobo J15 -Ukukhanya kombane ngqo yangoku

Ukukhuselwa kombane-Inkqubo yokukhuselwa kombane

Eyona njongo iphambili yenkqubo yokhuselo lofakelo lombane kukunciphisa umda wevolvivji kwixabiso elamkelekileyo kwizixhobo.

Inkqubo yokukhusela ukufakelwa kombane iquka:

• enye okanye ezingaphezulu ze-SPD kuxhomekeke kubume besakhiwo;
• Umxokelelwane we-equipotential: umnatha wentsimbi weendawo eziveziweyo eziqhubayo.

Ukuphunyezwa

Inkqubo yokukhusela iinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki zesakhiwo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Khangela ulwazi

• Chonga yonke imithwalo enovakalelo kunye nendawo ekuyo kwisakhiwo.
• Chonga iinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye neendawo zazo zokungena kwisakhiwo.
• Jonga ukuba ngaba inkqubo yokhuselo lombane ikhona na kwisakhiwo okanye kufutshane.
• Yazi imigaqo elawula indawo esikuyo isakhiwo.
• Vavanya umngcipheko wokubethwa ngumbane ngokobume bendawo, uhlobo lonikezelo lwamandla, uxinizelelo lwesitrayikhi sombane, njl.

Ukuphunyezwa kwesisombululo

• Fakela abaqhubi ababophelelayo kwizakhelo ngocingo.
• Faka i-SPD kwibhodi engenayo ye-LV.
• Faka i-SPD eyongezelelweyo kwibhodi nganye yolwabiwo-mali ebekwe kufutshane nezixhobo ezibuthathaka (jonga Ikhiwane. J16).

Umzobo J16-Umzekelo wokhuselo lofakelo olukhulu lombane

Isixhobo soKhuseleko lweSurge (SPD)

Izixhobo zoKhuseleko lweSurge (SPD) zisetyenziselwa uthungelwano lokuhambisa umbane, iinethiwekhi zomnxeba, kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lweebhasi ezizenzekelayo.

Isixhobo soKhuseleko lweSurge (SPD) yinxalenye yenkqubo yokukhuselwa kombane.

Esi sixhobo sixhunywe ngokudibeneyo kwisekethe yokuhambisa umbane yemithwalo ekufuneka ikhusele (jonga Ikhiwane. J17). Ingasetyenziswa kuwo onke amanqanaba onxibelelwano lwamandla ombane.

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lusetyenziswayo nolona lusebenzayo lokhuselo lwevoltage.

Umzobo J17-Umgaqo wenkqubo yokhuselo ngokuhambelana

I-SPD eqhagamshelwe ngokufana inemithambo ephezulu. Nje ukuba ukugqithisa okwethutyana kubonakale kwinkqubo, ukunganyanzeleki kwesixhobo kuyancipha ngoku kuqhutywa ngoku kuqhutywa nge-SPD, kugqitha izixhobo ezibuthathaka.

Siseko

I-SPD yenzelwe ukunciphisa umda wexeshana wemvelaphi yomoya kunye nokuphambukisa amaza akhoyo emhlabeni, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubungakanani beli voltage kwixabiso elingenabungozi kufakelo lombane kunye nokutshintsha kombane kunye nolawulo.

I-SPD ishenxisa ukungaphezulu

• kwimodi efanayo, phakathi kwesigaba kunye nokungathathi hlangothi okanye umhlaba;
• kwimodi eyahlukileyo, phakathi kwesigaba kunye nokungathathi hlangothi.

Kwimeko apho kugqithisileyo kugqithiso lomsebenzi, i-SPD

• Uhambisa amandla emhlabeni, ngendlela eqhelekileyo;
• isasaza amandla kwabanye abaqhubi ababukhoma, kwimowudi eyahlukileyo.

Ezi ntlobo zintathu ze-SPD

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD
Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD luyacetyiswa kwimeko ethile yecandelo leenkonzo kunye nezakhiwo zeshishini, ezikhuselweyo ngenkqubo yokhuseleko yombane okanye ikheyiji enemessage.
Ikhusela ufakelo lombane ngokuchasene nemibane ethe ngqo. Inokukhuphela umbane osasaza ngombane usasazeka ukusuka kumqhubi womhlaba ukuya kubaphathi benethiwekhi.
Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lubonakaliswa ngumtshangatshangiso wangoku we-10/350.

Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD
Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD yeyona nkqubo iphambili yokhuselo kufakelo lombane ophantsi. Kufakelwe kwibhodi nganye yombane, kuthintela ukusasazeka kweevolvingi kufakelo lombane kwaye ikhusela imithwalo.
Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD lubonakaliswa ngumtshangatshangiso wangoku we-8/20.

Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD
Ezi SPDs zinomthamo wokukhupha ophantsi. Kuya kufuneka ke ngoko bafakelwe ngokugunyazisiweyo njengesongezelelo kuhlobo lwe-2 SPD nakwindawo ekufuphi kuyo.
Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD lubonakaliswa ngokudityaniswa kwamaza ombane (1.2 / 50 μs) kunye namaza akhoyo ngoku (8/20 μs).

Inkcazo yesiqhelo ye-SPD

Umzobo J18 - Inkcazo esemgangathweni ye-SPD

Qaphela i-1: Kukho i-T1 + T2 SPD (okanye udidi 1 + 2 SPD) ukudibanisa ukukhuselwa kwemithwalo ngokuchasene ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo kwimibane yombane.

Qaphela 2: ezinye i-T2 SPD zinokubhengezwa njenge-T3

Iimpawu ze-SPD

Umgangatho wamazwe aphesheya IEC 61643-11 uHlelo 1.0 (03/2011) luchaza iimpawu kunye novavanyo lwe-SPD edityaniswe kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa umbane ezisezantsi (jonga Ikhiwane. J19).

Eluhlaza, uluhlu lokusebenza oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-SPD.
Umzobo J19 -Ixesha / uphawu lwangoku lwe-SPD ene-varistor

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

• U_CUbuninzi bevolthi yokusebenza eqhubekayo. Le yimitha ye-AC okanye ye-DC ngaphezulu apho i-SPD isebenza khona. Eli xabiso likhethwe ngokwevolthi ekaliwe kunye nenkqubo yomhlaba ulungiselelo.
• U_PInqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi (ku-I_n). Lo ngumbane ophezulu kuwo onke ama-terminals e-SPD xa usebenza. Lo mbane ufikelelwe xa ukuhamba ngoku kwi-SPD kulingana ne-In. Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi elikhethiweyo kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kokuvota kwamandla okunyamezela kwimithwalo. Kwimeko yokubetha kombane, iivolthi kwii-terminals ze-SPD ngokubanzi ihlala ingaphantsi kuno-U_P.
• Ku: Ukukhutshwa ngegama ngoku. Eli lixabiso lokuphakama okwangoku kwe-8/20 forms waveform yokuba i-SPD inakho ukukhupha ubuncinci amaxesha angama-19.

Kutheni ibalulekile?
Ngokuhambelana nokukhupha okwangoku okukhoyo ukuba i-SPD inokumelana ubuncinci amaxesha ali-19: ixabiso eliphezulu le-In lithetha ubomi obude be-SPD, ke kuyacetyiswa ngamandla ukuba ukhethe amaxabiso aphezulu kunexabiso elincinci elimiselweyo le-5 kA.

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD

• I_imp: Impembelelo yangoku. Eli lixabiso lokuphakama okwangoku kwe-10 / 350's ifom yokutshangatshangisa ukuba i-SPD iyakwazi ukukhupha ukukhutshwa kube kanye.

Kutheni ndi_imp ibalulekile?
Umgangatho we-IEC 62305 ufuna ubuninzi bempembelelo yexabiso langoku le-25 kA ngepali yenkqubo yamanqanaba amathathu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwinethiwekhi ye-3P + N i-SPD kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nobuninzi bempembelelo yangoku ye-100kA evela kubophelelo lomhlaba.

• I_fiUkucima ngokuzenzekelayo ukulandela okwangoku. Isebenza kuphela kwitekhnoloji ye-spark gap. Le yeyangoku (i-50 Hz) yokuba i-SPD iyakwazi ukuziphazamisa ngokwayo emva kogqatso. Eli langoku kufuneka lihlale likhulu kunelixa elizayo lokujikeleza okufutshane kwinqanaba lofakelo.

Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD

• Imax: Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu ngoku. Eli lixabiso lokuphakama okwangoku kwe-8/20 forms waveform yokuba i-SPD iyakwazi ukukhupha kube kanye.

Kutheni i-Imax ibalulekile?
Ukuba uthelekisa ii-2 SPDs kunye ne-In efanayo, kodwa nge-Imax eyahlukileyo: i-SPD enexabiso eliphezulu le-Imax ine "margin yokhuseleko" ephezulu kwaye inokumelana nokunyuka okuphezulu okwangoku ngaphandle kokonakaliswa.

Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD

• U_OC: I-voltage yesekethe evulekileyo esetyenziswe ngexesha lovavanyo lweklasi III (Uhlobo 3).

Izicelo eziphambili

• Ixabiso eliphantsi le-SPD. Izixhobo ezahluke kakhulu, kuzo zombini umbono wetekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa, zichongiwe ngeli gama. Ii-SPD zevolthi esezantsi zimodyuli ukuba zifakwe ngokulula ngaphakathi kwiibhodi zokutshintsha ze-LV. Kukho ii-SPDs ezinokulungelelaniswa neziseko zamandla, kodwa ezi zixhobo zinomthamo wokukhupha ophantsi.

• I-SPD yothungelwano lonxibelelwano. Ezi zixhobo zikhusela iinethiwekhi zomnxeba, iiswitshi zothungelwano kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo (ibhasi) ngokuchasene nokuqhekeka okuvela ngaphandle (umbane) kunye nezo zangaphakathi kuthungelwano lokuhambisa umbane (izixhobo ezingcolisayo, ukusebenza kwe switchgear, njl.). Ezi SPDs nazo zifakiwe kwi-RJ11, RJ45,… izihlanganisi okanye zidityaniswe kwimithwalo.

amaNqaku

1. Ulandelelwano lovavanyo ngokwe-IEC 61643-11 esemgangathweni ye-SPD esekwe kwi-MOV (varistor). Inani lilonke leempembelelo ezili-19 ku-I_n:

• Impembelelo enye elungileyo
• Impembelelo enye engalunganga
• Iimpembelelo ezili-15 ezihambelana zonke i-30 ° kwi-50 Hz yevolthi
• Impembelelo enye elungileyo
• Impembelelo enye engalunganga

2. yohlobo lwe-1 SPD, emva kweempembelelo ezili-15 ku-I_n (jonga inqaku elidlulileyo):

• Impembelelo enye kwi-0.1 x I_imp
• Impembelelo enye kwi-0.25 x I_imp
• Impembelelo enye kwi-0.5 x I_imp
• Impembelelo enye kwi-0.75 x I_imp
• Impembelelo enye ku-I_imp

Uyilo lwenkqubo yokhuselo lofakelo lombane
Imithetho yoyilo yenkqubo yokhuselo lofakelo lombane

Ukukhusela ufakelo lombane kwisakhiwo, imigaqo elula isebenza kukhetho lwe

• I-SPD (s);
• inkqubo yokukhusela.

Kwinkqubo yokuhambisa amandla, ezona mpawu ziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza inkqubo yokukhusela umbane kwaye ukhethe i-SPD ukukhusela ufakelo lombane kwisakhiwo zezi:

• SPD
• ubungakanani be-SPD
• uhlobo
• Inqanaba lokuvezwa ekuchazeni ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-SPD yangoku Imax.
• Isixhobo esikhuselekileyo sokukhusela isekethe
• Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yangoku;
• i-Isc yangoku emfutshane kwinqanaba lofakelo.

Umzobo welogic kuMzobo J20 apha ngezantsi ubonakalisa lo mthetho uyilo.

Umzobo J20 - Umzobo onengqondo wokukhetha inkqubo yokhuseleko

Olunye uphawu lokhetho lwe-SPD luchazwe kwangaphambili kufakelo lombane.

• inani leepali kwiSPD;
• inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi U_P;
• U_CUbuninzi bevolthi yokusebenza eqhubekayo.

Eli candelwana loyilo lwenkqubo yokhuselo lofakelo lombane ichaza ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi indlela yokukhetha inkqubo yokhuselo ngokweempawu zofakelo, izixhobo eziza kukhuselwa kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Izinto zenkqubo yokhuseleko

I-SPD kufuneka ihlale ifakwe kwimvelaphi yofakelo lombane.

Indawo kunye nohlobo lwe-SPD

Uhlobo lwe-SPD ukuba lufakelwe kwimvelaphi yofakelo luxhomekeke ekubeni ikho na inkqubo yokhuseleko yombane. Ukuba isakhiwo sifakelwe inkqubo yokhuseleko yombane (ngokwe-IEC 62305), kufuneka kufakwe udidi 1 SPD.

I-SPD efakwe kwisiphelo sokungena kufakelo, imigangatho yokufaka ye-IEC 60364 yabeka amaxabiso asezantsi kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukukhutshwa ngegama ngoku I_n = 5 kA (8/20) ;s;
• Inqanaba lokukhusela i-Voltage U_P(Ku-mna_n<2.5 kV.

Inani lee-SPD ezongezelelweyo eziza kufakwa limiselwa ngu:

• ubungakanani besiza kunye nobunzima bokufaka iibhondi eziqhubayo. Kwiisayithi ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukufakela i-SPD kwisiphelo esingenayo sendawo nganye yolwabiwo.
• umgama wokwahlula imithwalo ethe tye ukukhuselwa kwizixhobo ezingenayo zokukhusela isiphelo. Xa imithwalo ibekwe ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwisixhobo sokungena sokungena, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo olusondeleyo kufutshane kangangoko kwimithwalo enovakalelo. Iimpawu zokubonakaliswa kwamaza ziyanda ukusuka kwiimitha ezili-10 ukubona ukusasazeka kombane wombane
• umngcipheko wokuvezwa. Kwimeko yendawo ebonakalayo, i-SPD engenayo ayinakuqinisekisa zombini ukuhamba kombane okwangoku kunye nenqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane. Ngokukodwa, udidi 1 SPD ngokubanzi lukhatshwa luhlobo 2 SPD.

Itheyibhile kumzobo J21 apha ngezantsi ibonisa ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwe-SPD emiselweyo ngakwizinto ezimbini ezichazwe apha ngasentla.

Umzobo J21 -Amatyala ama-4 okuphunyezwa kwe-SPD

Amanqanaba okusasazwa okhuselo

Amanqanaba okhuseleko aliqela e-SPD avumela amandla ukuba asasazwe phakathi kwe-SPDs ezininzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo J22 apho ezi ntlobo zintathu ze-SPD zibonelelwa khona:

• Uhlobo lwe-1: xa isakhiwo sifakelwe inkqubo yokhuseleko yombane kwaye ikwindawo engenayo yofakelo, ithatha amandla amakhulu kakhulu;
• Uhlobo lwe-2: luthatha intsalela yeentsalela;
• Uhlobo lwe-3: lubonelela ngokhuseleko “olululo” ukuba kukho imfuneko yezixhobo ezibuthathaka ezikufutshane kakhulu nemithwalo.

Qaphela: Uhlobo lwe-1 kunye ne-2 ye-SPD inokudityaniswa kwi-SPD enye
Umzobo J22 -Ukwakha uyilo olucocekileyo

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-SPD ngokweempawu zofakelo
Ubuninzi yokusebenza ombane yokusebenza Uc

Kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yomhlaba, ubungakanani obuqhubekayo bokusebenza kwamandla ombane u_C ye-SPD kufuneka ilingane okanye ibe ngaphezulu kwamaxabiso aboniswe kwitafile kumzobo J23.

Umzobo J23 - Ixabiso elincinci elichaziweyo le-U_C Ii-SPDs kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yomhlaba yokulungiselela (ngokusekwe kwiTheyibhile 534.2 yomgangatho we-IEC 60364-5-53)

N / A: ayisebenzi
U: umgca-kumgca wombane we-voltage system
a. ezi zinto zixabisekileyo zinxulumene neemeko ezimbi kakhulu, ke ngoko ukunyamezelwa kwe-10% akuthathelwa ngqalelo.

Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-UC akhethwe ngokwenkqubo yokulungiselela umhlaba.
I-TT, TN: 260, 320, 340, 350 V
IT: 440, 460 V

Inqanaba lokukhusela i-Voltage U_P (Ku-mna_n)

Umgangatho we-IEC 60364-4-44 unceda ekukhetheni inqanaba lokhuseleko ukuya kwi-SPD ekusebenzeni kwemithwalo ekufuneka ikhuselwe. Itheyibhile yoMzobo J24 ibonisa amandla okunyanzela ukumelana nohlobo ngalunye lwezixhobo.

Umzobo J24 -Ixabiso elifunekayo lokulinganisa amandla ombane wezixhobo ze-Uw (itafile 443.2 ye-IEC 60364-4-44)

a. Ngokwe-IEC 60038: 2009.
b. Lo mbane ulinganisiweyo usetyenziselwa phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma kunye ne-PE.
c. ECanada nase-USA, i-voltages emhlabeni ezingaphezulu kwe-300 V, i-voltage yokunyanzeliswa okulinganiselweyo ehambelana nombane ophezulu olandelayo kule kholamu uyasebenza.
d. Kwiinkqubo ze-IT ezisebenza ngo-220-240 V, umqolo ongama-230/400 uya kusetyenziswa, ngenxa yevolthi yasemhlabeni kwimpazamo yomhlaba kulayini omnye.

Umzobo J25 - Udidi lweVolvtage yodidi lwezixhobo

	Izixhobo zodidi lwevolthi ndilungele ukusetyenziswa kufakelo oluzinzileyo lwezakhiwo apho kusetyenziswa iindlela zokukhusela ngaphandle kwesixhobo - ukunciphisa umda wexesha elidlulileyo kwinqanaba elichaziweyo. Imizekelo yezi zixhobo zezi zezo zinemijikelezo ye-elektroniki enjengeekhompyuter, izixhobo zombane ezineenkqubo zombane, njl.
	Izixhobo zodidi lwevoltage II zilungele uqhagamshelo kufakelo lombane olusisigxina, ukubonelela ngeqondo eliqhelekileyo lokufumaneka ngesiqhelo elifunekayo kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa ngoku. Imizekelo yezi zixhobo zizixhobo zasekhaya kunye neminye imithwalo efanayo.
	Izixhobo zodidi lwevoltage III lusetyenziselwa ufakelo olusisigxina ezantsi, kwaye kubandakanya ibhodi yokuhambisa ephambili, ukubonelela ngezinga eliphezulu lokufumaneka. Imizekelo yezi zixhobo ziibhodi zokusasaza, ezophula iisekethe, iisistim zokubamba iintambo kubandakanya iintambo, ibha-bha, iibhokisi zeziphambuka, iiswitshi, iziseko-zinto) kufakelo olusisigxina, nezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso nezinye izixhobo, umz. unxibelelwano olusisigxina kufakelo olusisigxina.
	Izixhobo zodidi lwevoltage IV zilungele ukusetyenziswa kuyo, okanye kufutshane, imvelaphi yofakelo, umzekelo ukunyuka kwebhodi ephambili yokuhambisa. Imizekelo yezi zixhobo ziimitha zombane, izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela, kunye neeyunithi zolawulo lokurhabaxa.

U "hlohliweyo "U_P ukusebenza kufuneka kuthelekiswa nefuthe lokumelana namandla emithwalo.

I-SPD inenqanaba lokukhusela i-U_P yinto engaphakathi, okt ichaziwe kwaye yavavanywa ngokuzimeleyo kufakelo lwayo. Ukuziqhelanisa, kukhetho lwe-U_P ukusebenza kwe-SPD, umda wokhuseleko kufuneka uthathwe ukuze kuvumeleke ukugqabhuka okukhoyo kufakelo lwe-SPD (jonga Umzobo J26 kunye noQhagamshelo lweSixhobo soKhuseleko lweSurge).

Umzobo J26 -Ufakelwe u-U_P

Inqanaba lokukhusela ombane “elifakiweyo” U_P eyamkelwe ngokubanzi ukukhusela izixhobo ezibuthathaka ku-230/400 V kufakelo lombane yi-2.5 kV (udidi lwevoltage II, jonga Ikhiwane. J27).

Phawula:
Ukuba inqanaba elichaziweyo lokhuselo lwevolthi alunakufezekiswa yi-SPD engenayo okanye ukuba izixhobo ezinobuthathaka zikwindawo ekude (jonga izinto zenkqubo yokhuseleko # Indawo kunye nohlobo lwendawo ye-SPD kunye nohlobo lwe-SPD, eyongezelelweyo i-SPD elungelelanisiweyo kufuneka ifakwe ukufezekisa inqanaba lokukhusela elifunekayo.

Inani leepali

• Kuxhomekeke kulungelelwaniso lomhlaba wenkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngoyilo lwe-SPD kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwimowudi eqhelekileyo (i-CM) nakwimo eyahlukileyo (i-DM).

Umzobo J27-Ukhuseleko ludinga ngokwenkqubo yomhlaba

a. Ukhuseleko phakathi kwesigaba kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kungabandakanywa kwi-SPD ebekwe kwimvelaphi yofakelo okanye ibuyiselwe kufutshane nezixhobo eziza kukhuselwa.
b. Ukuba ukungathathi hlangothi kuhanjisiwe

Phawula:

Imodi eqhelekileyo yendlela
Uhlobo olusisiseko lokhuselo kukufaka i-SPD kwimo eqhelekileyo phakathi kwezigaba kunye ne-PE (okanye i-PEN) conductor, nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwenkqubo yokusetyenziswa komhlaba osetyenzisiweyo.

Umahluko kwimowudi yendlela eyahlukileyo
Kwiinkqubo ze-TT kunye ne-TN-S, ukucola umhlaba kwiziphumo ezingathathi hlangothi kwi-asymmetry ngenxa yeempembelelo zomhlaba ezikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwemilinganiselo yendlela eyahlukileyo, nangona i-overvoltage ebangelwa sisibetho sombane iyindlela eqhelekileyo.

2P, 3P kunye ne-4P SPDs
(jonga Ikhiwane. J28)
Oku kulungelelaniswe neenkqubo ze-IT, TN-C, TN-CS.
Banika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuchasana kwendlela eqhelekileyo

Umzobo J28 - 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P SPDs

1P + N, 3P + N SPDs
(jonga Ikhiwane. J29)
Oku kulungelelaniswe neenkqubo ze-TT kunye ne-TN-S.
Banikezela ngokhuseleko kwimowudi eqhelekileyo kunye nokwahluka kwendlela eyahlukileyo

Umzobo J29 - 1P + N, 3P + N SPDs

Ukukhethwa kohlobo 1 SPD
Ukuphembelela i-Iimp yangoku

• Apho kungekho mithetho yesizwe okanye imigaqo ethile yohlobo lwesakhiwo esiza kukhuselwa: i-Iimp yempembelelo yangoku iya kuba yi-12.5 kA (10/350 µs wave) kwisebe ngalinye ngokwe-IEC 60364-5-534.
• Apho kukho imimiselo: IEC esemgangathweni 62305-2 ichaza amanqanaba ama-4: I, II, III no-IV

Itheyibhile kuMzobo J31 ibonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-I_imp kwimeko yolawulo.

Umzobo J30 -umzekelo osisiseko wokulinganisela I_imp ulwabiwo lwangoku kwinkqubo yesigaba sesi-3

Umzobo J31 - Itheyibhile ka-I_imp amaxabiso ngokwenqanaba lokhuseleko lombane wesakhiwo (esekwe kwi-IEC / EN 62305-2)

Ukucima ngokuzenzekelayo landela ngoku mna_fi

Olu phawu lusebenza kuphela kwii-SPDs ngetekhnoloji ye-spark gap. Ukulandela ngokuzenzekelayo landela ngoku mna_fi kufuneka ihlale ingaphezulu komntu oza kuba ngumjikelo wesekethe omfutshane u-I_sc kwinqanaba lofakelo.

Ukukhethwa kohlobo 2 SPD
Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwangoku Imax

Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yangoku kuchazwa ngokwenqanaba lokuqikelela elilinganisiweyo ngokubhekisele kwindawo yesakhiwo.
Ixabiso lokukhutshwa okuphezulu ngoku (Imax) limiselwa ngohlalutyo lomngcipheko (jonga itafile kuMzobo J32).

Umzobo J32 -Ucetyisiwe ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-Imax yangoku ngokwenqanaba lokuvezwa

Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo soKhuseleko seSekethe sangaphandle (i-SCPD)

Izixhobo zokukhusela (i-thermal kunye nesekethe emfutshane) kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ne-SPD ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, okt
qinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo:

• ukumelana nemibane yangoku
• ayivelisi intsalela yombane oshiyekileyo.

Qinisekisa ukhuseleko olusebenzayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zokugqithisileyo:

• umthwalo omninzi olandelayo wokubaleka kwe-varistor;
• isekethe esifutshane samandla asezantsi (impedant);
• isekethe esifutshane sokuqina okuphezulu.

Imingcipheko ekufuneka ithintelwe ekupheleni kobomi be-SPDs
Ngenxa yokwaluphala

Kwimeko yokuphela kwendalo yobomi ngenxa yokwaluphala, ukhuseleko luhlobo lwetrama. I-SPD ene-varistors kufuneka ibe ne-disconnector yangaphakathi ekhubaza i-SPD.
Qaphela: Ukuphela kobomi ngokubaleka kwe-thermal akuchaphazeli i-SPD ngombhobho wokukhupha igesi okanye isithuba esitshisiweyo.

Ngenxa yempazamo

Unobangela wokuphela kobomi ngenxa yempazamo yesekethe emfutshane zezi:

• Ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kugqithisiwe. Esi siphoso sikhokelela kwisekethe emfutshane eqinileyo.
• Impazamo ngenxa yenkqubo yokuhambisa (ukungathathi hlangothi / ukutshintsha kwesigaba, ukucinywa kokungathathi hlangothi).
• Ukonakala ngokuthe ngcembe kwe-varistor.
  Ezi mpazamo zimbini zokugqibela zikhokelela kwisiphaluka esifutshane esingafakwanga.
  Ukufakwa kufuneka kukhuselwe kumonakalo obangelwe zezi ntlobo zesiphoso: isixhobo sokudibanisa isixhobo sangaphakathi (eshushu) esichazwe apha ngasentla asinalo ixesha lokuzifudumeza, kungoko sisebenza.
  Isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba "sisiXhobo esifutshane soKhuseleko seSekethe yangaphandle (i-SCPD yangaphandle)", esikwaziyo ukuphelisa isekethe emfutshane, kufuneka ifakwe. Inokuphunyezwa ngumgcini wesekethe okanye isixhobo sefuse.

Iimpawu ze-SCPD yangaphandle

I-SCPD yangaphandle kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ne-SPD. Yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezi ngxaki zimbini zilandelayo:

Umbane wamanje uyanyamezela

Ukuma kombane ngoku kuyimfanelo ebalulekileyo ye-SPD's yangaphandle yeSekethe yoKhuseleko yeSixhobo.
I-SCPD yangaphandle akufuneki ikhubeke kumjelo we-15 wokuqhubela impembelelo e-In.

Mfutshane-wesekethe yangoku ukumelana

• Amandla okophula amiselwe yimigaqo yofakelo (umgangatho we-IEC 60364):
  I-SCPD yangaphandle kufuneka ibe namandla okophuka alinganayo okanye angaphezulu kokulindelekileyo kwesekethe yangoku ye-Isc kwindawo yofakelo (ngokuhambelana nomgangatho we-IEC 60364).
• Ukukhuselwa kofakelo ngokuchasene neesekethe ezifutshane
  Ngokukodwa, isekethe emfutshane eshukumayo ichitha amandla amaninzi kwaye kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukonakala kufakelo nakwi-SPD.
  Umanyano olungileyo phakathi kwe-SPD kunye ne-SCPD yayo yangaphandle kufuneka inikezwe ngumenzi.

Imowudi yofakelo lwe-SCPD yangaphandle
Isixhobo "kuthotho"

I-SCPD ichazwa njenge "kuthotho" (jonga Ikhiwane. J33) xa ukhuselo lwenziwa ngesixhobo sokukhusela inethiwekhi ukukhuselwa (umzekelo, uqhagamshelo lwesekethe yokuqhagamshela kumjelo wonyuko).

Umzobo J33 - SCPD "kuthotho"

Isixhobo “ngokufanayo”

I-SCPD ichazwa njenge "ngokuhambelana" (jonga Ikhiwane. J34) xa ukhuselo lwenziwa ngokukodwa sisixhobo sokhuselo esihambelana ne-SPD.

• I-SCPD yangaphandle ibizwa ngokuba yi "disconnecting breaker breaker" ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa ngumaphuli wesekethe.
• Ukuqhawulwa kwesekethe okunqamlezileyo kunakho okanye kungadityaniswa kwi-SPD.

Umzobo J34 - SCPD “ngaxeshanye”

Phawula:
Kwimeko ye-SPD ngombhobho wokukhupha irhasi okanye umsantsa obekiweyo, i-SCPD ivumela okwangoku ukuba inqunyulwe kwangoko emva kokusetyenziswa.

Isiqinisekiso sokhuselo

I-SCPD yangaphandle kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ne-SPD kwaye ivavanywe kwaye iqinisekiswe ngumenzi we-SPD ngokungqinelana neengcebiso zomgangatho we-IEC 61643-11. Kufuneka ifakwe kwakhona ngokuhambelana neengcebiso zomenzi. Njengomzekelo, jonga iitafile zokulungelelanisa zombane ze-SCPD + ze-SPD.

Xa esi sixhobo sidityanisiwe, ukuhambelana nomgangatho wemveliso IEC 61643-11 ngokwendalo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Umzobo J35 -I-SPDs zangaphandle ze-SCPD, ezingadityaniswanga (iC60N + iPRD 40r) kunye nokudityaniswa (iQuick PRD 40r)

Isishwankathelo seempawu zangaphandle zeSCPD

Uhlalutyo olucacisiweyo lweempawu zinikiwe kwicandelo Iimpawu ezineenkcukacha ze-SCPD yangaphandle.
Itheyibhile kumzobo J36 ibonisa, umzekelo, isishwankathelo seempawu ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-SCPD yangaphandle.

Umzobo J36-Iimpawu zokhuselo lokuphela kobomi bohlobo lwe-2 SPD ngokwe-SCPD zangaphandle

Imowudi yofakelo lwe-SCPD yangaphandle	Kuluhlu	Ngokunxulumene
		Ukukhuselwa kwefuse	Ukukhuselwa kwesekethe okunxulumene noko	Ukukhuselwa kwesekethe edibeneyo
Ukukhusela izixhobo	=	=	=	=
	Ii-SPD zikhusela izixhobo ngokwanelisayo nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-SCPD yangaphandle edibeneyo
Ukukhuselwa kofakelo ekupheleni kobomi	-	=	+	++
	Akukho siqinisekiso sokukhuselwa	Isiqinisekiso somenzi		Isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo
		Ukukhuselwa kwiimpedance iisekethi ezimfutshane akuqinisekiswanga kakuhle	Ukukhuselwa kwiisekethi ezimfutshane kuqinisekiswe ngokugqibeleleyo
Ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo ekupheleni kobomi	- -	+	+	+
	Ufakelo olupheleleyo luvaliwe	Kuphela sisekethe se-SPD esivaliweyo
Isondlo ekupheleni kobomi	- -	=	+	+
	Ukucima ufakelo olufunekayo	Utshintsho lweefusi	Ukuseta kwakhona kwangoko

I-SPD kunye netafile yokulungelelanisa isixhobo

Itheyibhile kumzobo J37 apha ngezantsi ibonisa ukulungelelaniswa kokuqhawulwa kweekhefu zesekethe (zangaphandle ze-SCPD) zohlobo lwe-1 kunye nee-2 ze-SPDs ze-XXX Electric brand kuwo onke amanqanaba emijikelezo yesekethe emfutshane.

Ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwe-SPD kunye nokuqhawulwa kwayo kwesekethe, okubonisiweyo kwaye kuqinisekiswe nguMbane, kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo (umbane uyanyamezela, ukhuseleko oluqinisiweyo lwe-impedance imijikelezo emifutshane, njl.

Umzobo J37-Umzekelo wetafile yolungelelwaniso phakathi kwee-SPDs kunye nezikrelemnqa zokuqhawula iisekethi. Soloko ujonga kwiitafile zamva nje ezinikezwe ngabavelisi.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela

Ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela ezihamba phambili
Kufakelo lombane, i-SCPD yangaphandle sisixhobo esifana nesokhuseleko: oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokukhetha kunye necascading ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwezobuchwephesha kunye noqoqosho kwisicwangciso sokhuselo.

Ulungelelwaniso lwezixhobo ezikhoyo
Ukuba i-SPD ifakwe kumazantsi esixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza komhlaba, le yokugqibela kufuneka ibe ye "si" okanye uhlobo olukhethiweyo olunomkhuhlane wokutsala imisinga ye-3 kA (8/20 μs yangoku).

Ukufakwa kwesixhobo soKhuselo
Ukuqhagamshela isixhobo soKhuseleko

Unxibelelwano lwe-SPD kwimithwalo kufuneka lube lufutshane kangangoko ukuze kuncitshiswe ixabiso lomgangatho wokhuseleko lwevolthi (efakiweyo Phezulu) kwizitishi zezixhobo ezikhuselweyo.

Ubungakanani bebonke boqhagamshelo lwe-SPD kwinethiwekhi kunye nebhloko yesiphelo somhlaba akufanele idlule kwi-50 cm.

Olunye lweempawu ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela izixhobo linqanaba eliphezulu lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane (efakwe phezulu) izixhobo ezinokumelana nazo kwiziphelo zazo. Ngokuhambelana, i-SPD kufuneka ikhethwe ngenqanaba lokukhusela i-voltage ePhakamileyo ehlengahlengisiweyo kukhuseleko lwezixhobo (jonga Ikhiwane. J38). Ubude bebonke babaqhubi boqhagamshelo ngu

L = L1 + L2 + L3.

Kwimisinga yamaza aphakamileyo, impedance ngokobude beyunithi yokuqhagamshela imalunga ne-1 µH / m.

Ke, ukusebenzisa umthetho kaLenz kolu nxibelelwano: =U = L di / dt

I-wave yangoku yesi-8/20 normals yangoku, ene-amplitude yangoku ye-8 kA, ngokufanelekileyo yenza ukuphakama kwevolthi ye-1000 V ngemitha nganye yekhebula.

= U = 1 x 10-6 x 8 x 103/8 x 10-6 = 1000 V

Umzobo J38 -Nxibelelwano lwe-SPD L <50 cm

Ngenxa yoko ombane kuzo zonke izixhobo zokugcina izixhobo, izixhobo ze-U, zezi:
Izixhobo zeU = Phakamisa + U1 + U2
Ukuba i-L1 + L2 + L3 = 50 cm, kwaye i-wave ngu-8/20 withs ene-amplitude ye-8 kA, i-voltage kuzo zonke izixhobo zokuphela ziya kuba phezulu + 500 V.

Unxibelelwano kwindawo ebiyelweyo yeplastiki

Umzobo J39 apha ngezantsi ubonisa indlela yokuqhagamshela i-SPD kwindawo ebiyelweyo yeplastiki.

Umzobo J39-Umzekelo wonxibelelwano kwindawo ebiyelweyo yeplastiki

Unxibelelwano kwindawo ebiyelweyo yentsimbi

Kwimeko yendibano ye switchgear kwindawo ebiyelweyo yesinyithi, kunokuba bubulumko ukudibanisa i-SPD ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ebiyelweyo, kunye nendawo ebiyelweyo esetyenziswa njengomqhubi okhuselayo (jonga Ikhiwane. J40).
Eli lungiselelo lihambelana nomgangatho we-IEC 61439-2 kwaye umenzi weNdibano kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba iimpawu zokuvalelwa zenza ukuba oku kusetyenziswe.

Umzobo J40-Umzekelo wonxibelelwano kwindawo ebiyelweyo yesinyithi

Icandelo lokuwela lomqhubi

Icandelo eliphantsi lokuqhuba lomqhubi liya kuthathela ingqalelo:

• Inkonzo yesiqhelo ekufanele ibonelelwe ngayo: Ukuhamba kwamaza ombane wangoku phantsi kolawulo oluphezulu lwevolthi (50 cm umthetho).
  Qaphela: Ngokungafaniyo nokusetyenziswa kwi-50 Hz, imeko yombane ibe kukuphakama kwesantya esiphezulu, ukwanda kwecandelo lokuhamba komqhubi akuthethi kunciphise ukunganyanzeleki rhoqo.
• Ukuma kweekhondakta kumjikelo wesekethe emfutshane: Umqhubi kufuneka amelane nomjikelo wesekethe emfutshane ngexesha lenkqubo yokhuselo ephezulu.
  IEC 60364 icebisa kufakelo olungenayo kwisiphelo secandelo elincinci lokuwela:
• I-4 mm2 (Cu) yokunxibelelana nohlobo 2 SPD;
• I-16 mm2 (Cu) yokuqhagamshelwa kohlobo lwe-1 SPD (ubukho benkqubo yokhuselo lombane).

Imizekelo yofakelo olufanelekileyo nolubi lwe-SPD

Umzobo J41 -Imizekelo yofakelo olufanelekileyo nolubi lwe-SPD

Uyilo lofakelo lwezixhobo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yokufaka: ubude beentambo buya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-50 cm.

Imigaqo yokufaka iikhabhathi kwisiXhobo soKhuselo seSurge
Umthetho 1

Umgaqo wokuqala wokuthobela kukuba ubude bokunxibelelana kwe-SPD phakathi kwenethiwekhi (nge-SCPD yangaphandle) kunye nebhloko yesiphelo somhlaba akufuneki idlule kwi-50 cm.
Umzobo J42 ubonakalisa amathuba amabini onxibelelwano lwe-SPD.
Umzobo J42 -I-SPD ene-SCPD eyahlukileyo okanye edityanisiweyo yangaphandle

Umthetho 2

Abaqhubi babondli abakhuselweyo abaphumayo:

• kufuneka idityaniswe kwiitheminali ze-SCPD yangaphandle okanye i-SPD;
• kufuneka bohlulwe ngokwasemzimbeni kubaqhubi abangenayo abangcolileyo.

Zibekwe ngasekunene kweetheminali ze-SPD kunye ne-SCPD (jonga umfanekiso J43).

Umzobo J43 -Uqhagamshelo lwee-feeder ezikhuselekileyo eziphumayo zingasekunene kweetheminali zeSPD

Umthetho 3

Ingeniso yesigaba sokungenisa, ukungathathi hlangothi, kunye nokukhuselwa (i-PE) kufuneka iqhube enye ecaleni kwelinye ukunciphisa umda welophu (jonga Ikhiwane. J44).

Umthetho 4

Abaqhubi abangenayo be-SPD kufuneka babe kude kubaqhubi abaphumayo abakhuselekileyo ukunqanda ukungcolisa kwabo ngokudibanisa (jonga Ikhiwane. J44).

Umthetho 5

Ezi ntambo kufuneka zincanyathiselwe kwiindawo zentsimbi ebiyelweyo (ukuba ikho) ukuze kuncitshiswe umphezulu wesakhelo selaphu kwaye ngenxa yoko sizuze kwisiphumo sokukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwe-EM.

Kuzo zonke iimeko, kufuneka kutshekishwe ukuba isakhelo seebhodi zokutshintsha kunye nezivalelweyo zigqitywe ngonxibelelwano olufutshane kakhulu.

Okokugqibela, ukuba kusetyenziswa iintambo ezikhuselweyo, kufanelekile ukuthintelwa ubude obukhulu, kuba kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela (jonga Ikhiwane. J44).

Umzobo J44-Umzekelo wokuphuculwa kwe-EMC ngokuncitshiswa kwemigangatho yeluphu kunye nokuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kwindawo ebiyelweyo yombane

Ukukhusela ukukhuselwa kwemizekelo yesicelo

Umzekelo wesicelo se-SPD kwiSuphamakethi

Umzobo J46 -Unxibelelwano ngomnxeba

Izisombululo kunye nomzobo wesikimu

• Isikhokelo sokukhethwa kokubanjwa kwesibambiso senze ukuba kube nakho ukufumanisa ixabiso elichanekileyo lomntu obanjiweyo kwisiphelo sokungena kufakelo kunye nelo linxulunyaniswa nesekethe yokuqhawula uqhagamshelo.
• Njengezixhobo ezibuthathaka (U_imp <1.5 kV) zibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-10m kwisixhobo sokukhusela esingenayo, isikhuseli esibambekayo sokubanjwa kufuneka sifakwe kufutshane kangangoko kwimithwalo.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka okungcono kwenkonzo kwiindawo ezibandayo: “si” uhlobo lwentsalela yeentsalela zesekethe ziya kusetyenziswa ukunqanda ukukhubeka okukhoyo okubangelwa kukunyuka kwamandla omhlaba njengokuba umbane udlula.
• Ukukhusela ngokuchasene nokugqabhuka kwemozulu: 1, fakela isikhuseli sokubamba kwibhodi ephambili yokutshintsha. 2, fakela isikhuseli sokukhusela ukubanjwa kwibhodi nganye yokutshintsha (1 kunye no-2) unikezela ngezixhobo ezibuthathaka ezibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-10m ukusuka kwindawo yokubamba engenayo. 3, fakela isikhululo sokubanjwa kothungelwano ukunxibelelana ukukhusela izixhobo ezinikezelweyo, umzekelo, iialam zomlilo, iimodem, iifowuni, iifeksi.

Iingcebiso zekhabham

• Ukuqinisekisa ubunjani bokupheliswa komhlaba kwesakhiwo.
• Ukunciphisa iindawo zentambo ezihanjisiweyo.

Iingcebiso ngokufakwa

• Faka i-arrester arrester, mna_max = 40 kA (8/20 µs), kunye ne-iC60 yokuqhawula isekethe eqhekezwe kwi-40 A.
• Faka ukhuselo oluchanekileyo lokubanjwa kwababambayo, mna_max = 8 kA (8/20 )s) kunye ne-iC60 yokuqhawula isekethe yokuqhekeka ekalwe ngo-10 A

Umzobo J46 -Unxibelelwano ngomnxeba

I-SPD yezicelo ze-photovoltaic

Ukugqithisa kwamandla kunokwenzeka ukufakelwa kombane ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ingabangelwa ngu:

• Uthungelwano lokuhambisa ngenxa yombane okanye nawuphina umsebenzi owenziweyo.
• Ukubetha kombane (kufutshane okanye kwizakhiwo nakufakelo lwe-PV, okanye kubaqhubi bombane).
• Umahluko kwicandelo lombane ngenxa yombane.

Njengazo zonke izakhiwo ezingaphandle, ukufakelwa kwe-PV kutyhilekile kumngcipheko wombane ohluka ngokwengingqi. Iinkqubo zokuthintela nokubanjwa kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zibekhona.

Ukukhuselwa yi-equipotential bonding

Isikhuselo sokuqala sokubeka endaweni sisiphakathi (umqhubi) esiqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kwe-equipotential phakathi kwawo onke amacandelo aqhubayo kufakelo lwe-PV.

Injongo kukudibanisa bonke abaqhubi abaphantsi kunye neenxalenye zentsimbi kwaye ke benze amandla alinganayo kuwo onke amanqaku kwinkqubo efakiweyo.

Ukukhuselwa ngezixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs)

Ii-SPD zibaluleke ngokukodwa ukukhusela izixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka njenge-AC / DC Inverter, izixhobo zokubeka iliso kunye neemodyuli ze-PV, kodwa nezinye izixhobo ezibuthathaka ezixhaswe yi-230 VAC yenethiwekhi yokuhambisa umbane. Le ndlela ilandelayo yovavanyo lomngcipheko isekwe kuvavanyo lobude obubalulekileyo beLcrit kunye nokuthelekiswa kwayo no-L ubude obongezelekileyo bemigca ye-dc.
Ukhuseleko lwe-SPD luyafuneka ukuba uL-Lcrit.
I-Lcrit ixhomekeke kuhlobo lofakelo lwe-PV kwaye ibalwa njengetafile elandelayo (Ikhiwane. J47):

Umzobo J47 - SPD DC ukhetho

L sisiphumo soku:

• Ubungakanani bemigama phakathi kwe (in) (s) kunye nebhokisi ye (j) yesixokelelwano, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ubude bekhebula elibekwe kumjelo omnye babalwa kube kanye, kwaye
• Ubungakanani bemigama phakathi kwebhokisi yokudibanisa kunye neendawo zokudibanisa iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ezenza umtya, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ubude bekhebula obukwindlela enye babalwa kube kanye kuphela.

Ngingxinano yombane we-arc (inani logwayimbo / km2 / ngonyaka).

Umzobo J48 - SPD ukhetho

Ukukhuselwa kwe-SPD
Indawo	Iimodyuli ze-PV okanye iibhokisi zoluhlu		Icala le-Inverter DC	Icala le-Inverter AC		Ibhodi ephambili
	LDC			LAC		Intonga yombane
Criteria	<10 m	> 10 m		<10 m	> 10 m	Ewe	Hayi
Uhlobo lwe-SPD	Akukho mfuneko	"SPD 1" Chwetheza 2 [a]	"SPD 2" Chwetheza 2 [a]	Akukho mfuneko	"SPD 3" Chwetheza 2 [a]	"SPD 4" Chwetheza 1 [a]	"SPD 4" Chwetheza 2 ukuba Ng> 2.5 kunye nomgca ongaphezulu

[a]. 1 2 3 4 Chwetheza umgama owahlukileyo ngokwe-EN 1 awubonwa.

Ukufaka i-SPD

Inani kunye nendawo ekuyo ii-SPD kwicala le-DC zixhomekeke kubude beentambo phakathi kweepaneli zelanga kunye ne-inverter. I-SPD kufuneka ifakwe kufutshane ne-inverter ukuba ubude bungaphantsi kwe-10 yeemitha. Ukuba ingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-10, i-SPD yesibini iyimfuneko kwaye kufuneka ibekwe ebhokisini kufutshane nepaneli yelanga, eyokuqala ikwindawo ye-inverter.

Ukusebenza ngokukuko, iintambo zonxibelelwano ze-SPD kwinethiwekhi ye-L + / L- naphakathi kwe-SPD's terminal block block kunye ne-barbar yomhlaba kufuneka ibemfutshane ngangokunokwenzeka-ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 yeemitha (d1 + d2 <50 cm).

Ukuveliswa kwamandla okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo

Kuxhomekeke kumgama phakathi kwenxalenye "yomvelisi" kunye nenxalenye "yokuguqula", kunokuba yimfuneko ukufakelwa kokubanjwa kokubanjwa okungaphezulu okanye nangaphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwala macandelo mabini.

Ikhiwane. J49-Indawo ye-SPD

Ukukhuselwa kwezobuchwephesha zokukhusela

Imigangatho yokukhusela umbane

I-IEC 62305 iindawo ezisemgangathweni 1 ukuya ku-4 (NF EN 62305 iinxalenye 1 ukuya ku-4) zilungelelanisa ngokutsha kwaye zihlaziye upapasho oluqhelekileyo IEC 61024 (uthotho), IEC 61312 (uthotho), kunye ne-IEC 61663 (uthotho) kwiinkqubo zokukhusela imibane.

Icandelo 1-Imigaqo ngokubanzi

Eli candelo libonisa ulwazi ngokubanzi ngombane kunye neempawu zalo kunye nedatha ngokubanzi kwaye lazisa amanye amaxwebhu.

Icandelo 2 - Ulawulo lomngcipheko

Eli candelo libonisa uhlalutyo lwenza ukuba kubalwe ubungozi besakhiwo kunye nokuchongwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusebenza kobugcisa noqoqosho.

Icandelo 3 - Ukonakala ngokwasemzimbeni kulwakhiwo nakwingozi yobomi

Eli candelo lichaza ukukhuselwa kwimibane ethe ngqo, kubandakanya inkqubo yokhuselo lombane, umqhubi-phantsi, isikhokelo somhlaba, izixhobo kunye ne-SPD ngokudibanisa izixhobo (Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD).

Icandelo 4 -Iinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo

Eli candelo lichaza ukhuseleko kwiziphumo zombane, kubandakanya inkqubo yokhuselo yi-SPD (Iintlobo 2 kunye 3), ukhuselo lwentambo, imigaqo yofakelo lwe-SPD, njl.

Olu luhlu lwemigangatho longezelelwa ngu:

• uthotho lwe-IEC 61643 yemigangatho yenkcazo yemveliso yokukhuselwa kokunyuka (jonga izinto ze-SPD);
• IEC 60364-4 kunye -5 uthotho lwemigangatho yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso kufakelo lombane lwe-LV (jonga ukuphela kobomi be-SPD).

Izinto ze-SPD

I-SPD ikakhulu iqulathe (jonga Ikhiwane. J50):

1. inye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezinto ezingahambelaniyo: icandelo eliphilayo (varistor, ityhubhu yokukhupha irhasi [GDT], njl.);
2. isixhobo sokukhusela i-thermal (isixhobo sokuqhawula ngaphakathi) esisikhusela ekubalekeni kobushushu ekupheleni kobomi (i-SPD ene-varistor);
3. Isalathiso esibonisa ukuphela kobomi be-SPD; Ezinye ii-SPD zivumela ukunika ingxelo okude kwesi sibonakaliso;
4. i-SCPD yangaphandle ebonelela ngokhuseleko kwiisekethi ezimfutshane (esi sixhobo sinokudityaniswa kwi-SPD).

Umzobo J50-Umzobo we-SPD

Itekhnoloji yendawo ephilayo

Iitekhnoloji ezininzi ziyafumaneka ukuphumeza icandelo eliphilayo. Ngamnye kubo unezibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga:

• Iidayididi zeZener;
• Umbhobho wokukhupha igesi (olawulwayo okanye ongalawulwayo);
• I-varistor (i-zinc oxide varistor [ZOV]).

Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa iimpawu kunye namalungiselelo eetekhnoloji ezi-3 ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo.

Umzobo J51 - Isishwankathelo setafile yokusebenza

ilungu	I-Tube Discharge Tube (GDT)	Isithuba esivaliweyo sentlantsi	I-zinc oxide varistor	I-GDT kunye ne-varistor kuthotho	I-gap ye-spark gap kunye ne-varistor ngokufanayo
iimpawu
Imodi yokusebenza	Ukutshintsha kweVoltage	Ukutshintsha kweVoltage	Ukusikelwa umda kweVoltage	Ukutshintsha kweVoltage kunye nokumisa kuthotho	Ukutshintsha kwe-Voltage kunye nokumisa ngokuhambelana
Iirveve ezisebenzayo
isicelo	Inethiwekhi yomnxeba Inethiwekhi ye-LV (edityaniswa ne-varistor)	Inethiwekhi ye-LV	Inethiwekhi ye-LV	Inethiwekhi ye-LV	Inethiwekhi ye-LV
Uhlobo lwe-SPD	chwetheza 2	chwetheza 1	Chwetheza 1 okanye udidi 2	Uhlobo lwe-1 + 2 Uhlobo	Uhlobo lwe-1 + 2 Uhlobo

Ukuphela kobomi bokubonisa kwe-SPD

Izikhombisi zokuphela kobomi zinxulunyaniswa nonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi kunye ne-SCPD yangaphandle ye-SPD ukwazisa umsebenzisi ukuba isixhobo asisakhuselekanga kwi-overvoltages yemvelaphi yomoya.

Isalathiso sendawo

Lo msebenzi ufuneka ngokubanzi ngeekhowudi zokufaka. Isalathiso sokuphela kobomi sinikwa sisalathiso (esikhanyayo okanye esenziwe ngoomatshini) kwisidibanisi sangaphakathi kunye / okanye kwi-SCPD yangaphandle.

Xa i-SCPD yangaphandle iphunyezwa ngesixhobo sefuse, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngefuse kunye nomhlaseli kunye nesiseko esineenkqubo zokukhubazeka ukuqinisekisa lo msebenzi.

Umdibaniso wesekethe odityanisiweyo

Isalathi somatshini kunye nokuma kwesiphatho solawulo kuvumela ukubonakaliswa kwendalo kobomi bendalo.

Isalathiso sendawo kunye nengxelo ekude

iQuick PRD SPD yelensi yombane yeXXX "yeyokulungela ukubiya ucingo" ngohlobo lwesekethe edityanisiweyo.

Isalathiso sendawo

iQuick PRD SPD (jonga Ikhiwane. J53) ifakelwe izikhombisi zemo yoomatshini bendawo:

• isalathisi (esibomvu) sokumatshini kunye nokuma kwesiphatho sokuqhawula isekethe sibonisa ukucima kwe-SPD;
• Isibonisi (esibomvu) sokumakisha kwiqokobhe ngalinye libonisa ukuphela kobomi beCartridge.

Umzobo J53 -IQuick PRD 3P + N SPD yohlobo lwe-Electric Electric

Ukunika ingxelo kude

(jonga Ikhiwane. J54)

iQuick PRD SPD ifakelwe isibonakaliso soqhakamshelwano esivumela ingxelo ekude ye:

• Ukuphela kweCartridge yobomi;
• iCartridge elahlekileyo, kwaye xa ibuyiselwe endaweni yayo;
• impazamo kwinethiwekhi (isekethe emfutshane, ukunqunyulwa kokungathathi hlangothi, ukutshintsha kwesigaba / ukungathathi cala);
• ukutshintshwa kwencwadi yasekhaya.

Ngenxa yoko, ukubeka esweni okukude imeko yokusebenza kwee-SPD ezifakiweyo kwenza ukuba kube nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zokukhusela zikwindawo yokulinda zihlala zikulungele ukusebenza.

Umzobo J54 -Ukufakwa kwesibane sokukhanya nge-iQuick PRD SPD

Umzobo J55-Ukubonisa okukude kwemeko ye-SPD usebenzisa iSmartlink

Isondlo ekupheleni kobomi

Xa isalathiso sokuphela kobomi sibonisa ukucima, i-SPD (okanye iCartridge ekuthethwa ngayo) kufuneka itshintshwe.

Kwimeko ye-iQuick PRD SPD, ulondolozo lwenziwa:

• ICartridge ekupheleni kobomi (ukuba itshintshwe) ichongwa ngokulula liSebe leSondlo.
• Ikhadibhodi ekupheleni kobomi inokutshintshwa kukhuseleko olupheleleyo kuba isixhobo sokhuselo siyakwalela ukuvalwa kwesikhethi esinqamlezileyo xa ikhatriji ilahlekile.

Iinkcukacha ezichaziweyo ze-SCPD yangaphandle

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku

Amaza amiyo ngoku amelana novavanyo kwii-SCPD zangaphandle zibonisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Kwinqanaba elinikiweyo kunye netekhnoloji (i-NH okanye i-fuse ye-cylindrical fuse), amandla okunyusa amandla angoku angcono ngohlobo lwe-f fuse (ukhuseleko lwemoto) kunohlobo lwe-gG fuse (usetyenziso ngokubanzi).
• Ukulinganiswa okunikezelweyo, ukutshitshiswa kwamanje kukumelana nokukwazi ukulunge ngakumbi nge-breaker yesekethe kunokuba kunye nefowuni yefuse. Umzobo J56 ngezantsi ubonakalisa iziphumo zamaza ombane wokumelana novavanyo:
• ukukhusela i-SPD echazwe kwi-Imax = 20 kA, i-SCPD yangaphandle eya kukhethwa nokuba yi-MCB 16 A okanye i-Fuse aM 63 A, Qaphela: kule meko, i-Fuse gG 63 A ayifanelekanga.
• ukukhusela i-SPD echazwe kwi-Imax = 40 kA, i-SCPD yangaphandle eya kukhethwa nokuba yi-MCB 40 A okanye iFuse aM 125 A,

Umzobo J56 -Ukuthelekiswa kwee-voltage ze-SCPDs ukumelana namandla e-I_max = 20 kA kunye nam_max = 40 kA

Kufakwe inqanaba lokhuseleko lombane

Nje:

• Ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwii-terminals ze-breaker breaker kuphezulu kunoko kwii-terminals zesixhobo sefuse. Kungenxa yokuba ukunganyanzeleki kwezixhobo zesahlulo sesekethe (izixhobo zokufudumeza ubushushu kunye nemagnethi) ziphezulu kunaleyo yefusi.

Nangona kunjalo:

• Umahluko phakathi kokuhla kwamandla ombane uhlala umncinci kumaza alandelayo angadluli kwi-10 kA (95% yamatyala);
• Inqanaba lokhuselo lweVolthi efakiweyo ikwathathela ingqalelo ukungqinelana kwekhabhathi. Oku kunokuphakama kwimeko yetekhnoloji yefuse (isixhobo sokukhusela kude kwi-SPD) kwaye isezantsi kwimeko yetekhnoloji yesekethe (umaphuli wesekethe kufutshane, kwaye udityaniswe kwi-SPD).

Qaphela: Inqanaba lokhuselo lweVolthi efakiweyo sisiphumo samandla ombane:

• kwi-SPD;
• kwi-SCPD yangaphandle;
• kwizixhobo zokufaka iikhabhathi

Ukukhuselwa kwiimpedance iisekethi ezimfutshane

I-impedance yesekethe emfutshane ichitha amandla amaninzi kwaye kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukonakala kufakelo nakwi-SPD.

Umzobo J57 uthelekisa ixesha lokuphendula kunye nokunciphisa amandla enkqubo yokhuseleko yi-fuse eyi-63 AM kunye ne-25 A yesekethe.

Ezi nkqubo zimbini zokukhusela zinee-8/20 ezifanayo zokuphakama kwamandla okuma (27 kA kunye ne-30 kA ngokwahlukeneyo).

Umzobo J57 -Uthelekiso lwexesha / lwangoku kunye namandla ombane wee-curves zesekethe kunye nefusisi ene-8/20 efanayo yokuphakama kwamaza okumelana namandla

Ukwandiswa kwamaza ombane

Uthungelwano lombane luhamba ngesantya esisezantsi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukusasazeka kwamandla ombane kwangoko kuhambelana nobuninzi bento: nangaliphi na ixesha lomqhubi, umbane ofanayo uyafana.

Umbane wombane sisenzo esikwisantya esiphakamileyo (amakhulu aliqela kHz ukuya kwi-MHz):

• Umbane wombane usasazwa kunye nomqhubi kwisantya esithile xa kuthelekiswa nobuninzi bento. Ngenxa yoko, ngalo naliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo, i-voltage ayinalo ixabiso elifanayo kuwo onke amanqaku kwindawo ephakathi (jonga Ikhiwane. J58).

Umzobo J58 -Ukusasazwa kombane kumqhubi wombane

• Utshintsho oluphakathi lwenza into yokwanda kunye / okanye ukubonakaliswa kwamaza ngokuxhomekeke:

1. Umahluko we-impedance phakathi kwamajelo eendaba amabini;
2. Ubuninzi benkqubela phambili (ukunyuka kwexesha lokunyuka kwimeko yokubetha);
3. ubude baphakathi.

Kwimeko yokuboniswa okupheleleyo, ngakumbi ixabiso levolthi linokuphindeka kabini.

Umzekelo: imeko yokhuseleko yi-SPD

Ukumodareyitha kwesenzeko esisetyenzisiweyo kumaza ombane kunye novavanyo elabhoratri kubonise ukuba umthwalo oxhotyiswe nge-30 m yekhebula ekhuselweyo inyuka nge-SPD kwi-voltage Up igcina, ngenxa yokubonakalisa izinto, amandla aphezulu e-2 x U_P (jonga Ikhiwane. J59). Le wave ombane ayinamandla.

Umzobo J59-Ukubonakalisa ukubaneka kwamaza ekuphelisweni kwentambo

Izenzo ezilungisayo

Kwezi zinto zintathu (umahluko we-impedance, frequency, distance), ekuphela kwento enokulawulwa ngokwenene bubude bekhebula phakathi kwe-SPD kunye nomthwalo okhuselweyo. Okukhulu oku kubude, kokukhona kubonakala.

Ngokubanzi, kwimida ye-overvoltage ejongene nesakhiwo, imiboniso ebonakalayo ibalulekile ukusuka kwi-10 m kwaye inokuphinda kabini umbane ukusuka kwi-30 m (jonga Ikhiwane. J60).

Kuyimfuneko ukufakela i-SPD yesibini kukhuseleko oluhle ukuba ubude bekhebula budlula i-10 m phakathi kwe-SPD engenayo kunye nezixhobo eziza kukhuselwa.

Ikhiwane. J60 - Amandla aphezulu ombane kwintambo yekhebula ngokobude bayo ngaphambili kwisehlo sevolthi = 4kV / thina

Umzekelo wombane okhoyo ngoku kwinkqubo yeTT

Imowudi eqhelekileyo ye-SPD phakathi kwesigaba kunye ne-PE okanye isigaba kunye ne-PEN efakwe kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwenkqubo yomhlaba (jonga Ikhiwane. J61).

Isikhuseli somhlaba esingathathi hlangothi i-R1 esisetyenziselwa iipylon sinokumelana okungaphantsi kunesixhathisi somhlaba i-R2 esisetyenziselwe ufakelo.

Umbane ngoku uza kuhamba ngesekethe yeABCD emhlabeni ngendlela elula. Iya kudlula kwi-varistors V1 kunye ne-V2 kuthotho, ibangele umahluko ombane olingana nokuphinda kabini iVolthi ephezulu yeSPD (U_P1 + U_P2) ukuvela kwiitheminali zika-A kunye no-C ekungeneni kofakelo kwiimeko ezigwenxa.

Umzobo J61 - Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo kuphela

Ukukhusela imithwalo phakathi kwe-Ph kunye no-N ngokufanelekileyo, i-voltage yendlela eyahlukileyo (phakathi ko-A no-C) kufuneka incitshiswe.

Olunye uyilo lwe-SPD luyasetyenziswa (jonga Ikhiwane. J62)

Umbane okhoyo ngoku ujikeleza kwi-ABH yesekethe ene-impedance esezantsi kunesekethe ye-ABCD, njengoko ukunganyanzeleki kwecandelo elisetyenziswe phakathi kwe-B kunye ne-H kulilize (i-gas-filled spark gap). Kule meko, i-voltage eyahlukileyo ilingana ne-voltage eseleyo ye-SPD (U_P2).

Umzobo J62 -Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo nolwahlukileyo