Izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Izixhobo zokukhusela umbane zisebenzisa umbane wale mihla kunye nenye itekhnoloji yokuthintela izixhobo ukubethwa ngumbane. Izixhobo zokukhusela umbane zingahlulwa ngokhuselo lombane, isokethi yokukhuselwa kwamandla, ukukhuselwa kombane, ukukhusela imibane, izixhobo zokuvavanya ukukhusela umbane, umlinganiso, kunye nolawulo lokhuselo lombane.
Ngokwengcamango yokhuseleko lombane kummandla ongaphantsi kunye nokukhuselwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi ngokwe-IEC (ikomiti ye-elektronichnical yamazwe aphesheya) imigangatho, ukhuseleko lombane kwinqanaba le-b lelokukhusela inqanaba lokuqala lombane, elinokusetyenziselwa ikhabinethi enkulu yokuhambisa umbane. isakhiwo; Udidi C lolwesibini isixhobo sokukhusela umbane, esisetyenziswa kwikhabhathi yokusasaza yesekethe yesakhiwo; Iklasi D yiklasi yesithathu yokubamba umbane, esetyenziselwa ngaphambili ngaphambili kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela.
Amagqabantshintshi / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Iminyaka yolwazi namhlanje, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ziya ziba ngakumbi nangakumbi, indawo yokusebenza iya isiba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye iindudumo kunye nombane kunye nokubaleka kwangoko kwezixhobo zombane kuya kuba ngakumbi nangakumbi kunikezelo lwamandla, i-eriyali, a isiginali kanomathotholo yokuthumela kunye nokwamkela imigca yezixhobo kwizixhobo zombane zangaphakathi nezixhobo zenethiwekhi, izixhobo okanye izinto ezonakeleyo, ukwenzakala, ukudlulisa okanye ukugcina idatha yokuphazamiseka okanye ukulahleka, okanye nokwenza izixhobo zombane ukuvelisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukunqumama, ukukhubazeka okwethutyana, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha yenkqubo uphazamise, i-LAN kunye ne-wan. Ukwenzakala kwayo kuyothusa, ilahleko engathanga ngqo ingaphezulu kwelahleko ngqo yezoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Izixhobo zokukhusela umbane zisebenzisa umbane wale mihla kunye nenye itekhnoloji yokuthintela izixhobo ukubethwa ngumbane.
Utshintsho / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Xa abantu besazi ukuba indudumo yinto yombane, unqulo lwabo kunye noloyiko lwabo luyanyamalala ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye baqala ukuyibona le nto imangalisayo yendalo ngokwembono yenzululwazi, ngethemba lokusebenzisa okanye ukulawula imisebenzi yombane ukuze kulungelwe uluntu. UFranklin wakhokela kwezobuchwephesha ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo wasungula umngeni kwindudumo, wayila intonga yombane kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe yeyokuqala kwiimveliso zokukhusela umbane, phofu, xa uFranklin wayila intonga yombane yile nto incam Umsebenzi weentonga zentsimbi unokudityaniswa kwindudumo yokukhutshelwa, kunciphise intsimi yombane phakathi kwelifu kunye nomhlaba kwinqanaba lokophuka komoya, ukunqanda ukubakho kombane, ke intonga yombane kufuneka ibonakalisiwe. Kodwa kamva uphando lubonise ukuba intonga yombane ayinakukuthintela ukwenzeka kombane, intonga yombane, inokuthintela umbane ngenxa yokuba indawo enkulu yombane itshintshe indawo yombane, yenza uluhlu lweendudumo zihlala zikhupha umbane, oko kukuthi, intonga yombane ilula kunezinye izinto eziyijikelezileyo ukuphendula umbane, ukukhusela intonga yombane ukubethwa ngumbane kunye nezinye izinto, ngumgaqo wokhuseleko wombane wentonga yombane. Izifundo ezithe kratya zibonise ukuba umbane wokudibana kombane uphantse unxulumene nokuphakama kwawo, kodwa awuhambelani nokubonakala kwawo, oko kuthetha ukuba intonga yombane ayichazwanga. Ngoku kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bokukhusela umbane, olu hlobo lwesixhobo sokukhusela umbane kuthiwa sisamkeli sombane.
Uphuhliso / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kombane kukhuthaze ukwenziwa kweemveliso zokukhusela umbane. Xa uthungelwano lwe-high-voltage transmission network lubonelela ngamandla kunye nokukhanyisa kumakhaya angamawaka, imibane ikwabeka emngciphekweni ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunye nezixhobo zotshintsho. Umgca we-high-voltage uphakanyiswe phezulu, umgama mde, indawo inzima, kwaye kulula ukubethwa ngumbane. Umda wokhuseleko wombane awonelanga ukukhusela amawaka eekhilomitha zemigca yokuhambisa. Ke ngoko, umgca wokukhusela umbane uvele njengohlobo olutsha lwesamkeli sombane sokukhusela imigca yamandla ombane aphezulu. Emva kokuba umgca we-voltage ephezulu ukhuselwe, amandla kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa ezinxulunyaniswe nomgca we-high-voltage linezonakele ngapha kwamandla ombane. Kufunyenwe ukuba oku kungenxa "yombane ongenisiweyo". (Ukuhambisa umbane kubangelwa ngumbane ngokuthe ngqo kwiifektri ezikufutshane zesinyithi. Umbane oqhubayo unokuhlasela umqhubi ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuva. , xa umbane ubetha, umbane kwiindudumo ukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umbane ongagungqiyo kumqhubi obotshwe yintsimi yombane uyadlakazela ecaleni komqhubi ukufumana ijelo lokukhupha, eliya kwenza umbane kumbindi wesekethe. Okwesibini kukungeniswa kombane ngombane: xa isandi sendudumo siphuma, umbane ojika ngokukhawuleza uvelisa amandla ombane omandla ombane ojikeleze wona, ovelisa amandla ombane ophezulu kumqhubi osondeleyo. amaxesha amakhulu kunokunyuka okubangelwa kukungeniswa kombane . I-Thunderbolt inyusa ukunyuka kumgca we-voltage ephezulu kwaye isasazeka ngocingo kwizinwele nakwizixhobo zokuhambisa amandla ezixhume kuyo. Xa amandla ombane wokumelana nezi zixhobo esezantsi, iya konakaliswa ngumbane odalekileyo. Ukucinezela ukunyuka kwentambo, abantu Kwaqulunqwa umgca wokubamba.
Ababambe umgca wokuqala yayizizithuba ezivulekileyo. Umoya ombane womoya uphezulu kakhulu, malunga ne-500kV / m, kwaye xa uthe waqhekezwa ngamandla ombane aphezulu, inee-volts ezimbalwa zevolthi esezantsi. Usebenzisa olu phawu lomoya, umgca wokubanjwa wokuqala wayilwa. Isiphelo esinye sentsimbi sasiqhagamshelwe kumtya wombane, esinye isiphelo salo olunye ucingo sasibekwe emhlabeni, kwaye esinye isiphelo seengcingo zombini sahlulwa ngumgama othile ukwenza izikhewu zomoya ezimbini. I-elektrode kunye nomgama oshiyekileyo umisela amandla ombane owahlayo wokubamba. Umbane wokuqhekeka kufuneka ubengaphezulu kancinci kunombane osebenzayo kumgca wamandla. Xa isekethe isebenza ngesiqhelo, isithuba somoya silingana nesekethe evulekileyo kwaye asizukuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesiqhelo komgca. Xa i-overvoltage ihlaselwe, umsantsa womoya wophukile, i-overvoltage ibambeke kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-overcurrent nayo ikhutshelwa emhlabeni ngesikhewu somoya, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukukhuselwa kombane obanjiweyo. Zininzi kakhulu iziphene kwisithuba esivulekileyo. Umzekelo, i-voltage yokuqhekeka ichaphazeleka kakhulu kukusingqongileyo; Ukukhutshwa komoya kuya kuyidibanisa i-electrode; emva kokuba i-arc yomoya yenziwe, kuthatha imijikelezo ye-AC ukucima i-arc, enokubangela ukusilela kombane okanye ukusilela komgca. Iityhubhu zokukhupha irhasi, ityhubhu zokubamba, kunye nezixhobo zokubamba ezitsala umbane eziphuhliswe kwixesha elizayo ziye zoyisa ezi ngxaki, kodwa zisasele kumgaqo wokukhutshwa kwerhasi. Izinto ezingalunganga ezenzeka ekubanjweni kwerhasi ekubanjweni ziimpembelelo eziphezulu zokuphazamiseka kwamandla; ukulibaziseka kokukhutshwa ixesha elide (inqanaba le-microsecond); ifom yokutshangatshangisa yamaza ombane aseleyo (i-dV / dt inkulu). Ezi ntsilelo zimisela ukuba ukukhutshwa kwerhasi ekubanjweni ayinyani kakhulu kwizixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka.
Ukuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji ye-semiconductor kusinika izinto ezintsha zokukhusela umbane, ezinje ngeZener diode. Iimpawu zayo ze-volt-ampere zihambelana neemfuno zokukhusela imibane emgceni, kodwa amandla ayo okudlulisa umbane ubuthathaka ukuze iityhubhu zolawulo eziqhelekileyo zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo. umbane ubamba. I-semiconductor yokuqala I-arrester yi-valve ye-valve yokubamba eyenziwe ngezinto ze-silicon carbide, eneempawu ezifanayo ze-volt-ampere kwityhubhu yeZener, kodwa inamandla okudlulisa umbane ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, i-metal oxide semiconductor varistor (MOV) ifunyenwe ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kwaye iimpawu zayo ze-volt-ampere zingcono, kwaye zinezibonelelo ezininzi ezinjengexesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nomthamo omkhulu okhoyo ngoku. Ke ngoko, ukubanjwa kwemigca ye-MOV ngoku kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Ngophuhliso loqhakamshelwano, uninzi lwababanjwa ngombane kwimigca yonxibelelwano bavelisiwe. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendlela zokunxibelelana ngomgca wonxibelelwano, abo babanjiweyo kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezichaphazela iiparameter zothumelo ezinje ngokuthamba kunye nokunyanzeliswa. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo wokukhusela umbane ngokufanayo uyafana ne-MOV.
Uhlobo / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Izixhobo zokukhusela umbane zingahlulwahlulwa ngokweendidi: isixhobo sokukhusela umbane, isikhuseli sokukhusela amandla, kunye nabakhuseli bemigca ye-eriyali, izixhobo zokubamba umbane, izixhobo zovavanyo lokukhusela umbane, izixhobo zokukhusela umbane zokulinganisa kunye neenkqubo zokulawula, kunye nabakhuseli bomhlaba.
Umbane obamba umbane wohlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amathathu: B, C, kunye no-D. Ngokwe-IEC (iKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yeHlabathi) imigangatho yethiyori yokhuselo lombane kunye nokukhuselwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi, ukhuseleko lombane lweBanga B lolwokuqala- isixhobo sokukhusela umbane kwaye sinokusetyenziswa kwikhabhinethi enkulu yokuhambisa umbane kwisakhiwo; Isixhobo sombane sisetyenziswa kwikhabhathi yokuhambisa yesebe yesakhiwo; iklasi ye-D sisixhobo sokukhusela umbane kwinqanaba lesithathu, esisetyenziselwa isiphelo esingaphambili kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ukukhusela kakuhle izixhobo.
Umgca wonxibelelwano wombane obambe umbane uhlukaniswe waba ngamanqanaba e-B, C no-F ngokweemfuno ze-IEC 61644. Inqanaba lokhuselo olusisiseko (inqanaba lokhuselo elirhabaxa), inqanaba C (ukhuselo lwendibaniselwano) yenqanaba lokukhusela elibanzi, udidi F (Medium & fine ukukhusela) inqanaba lokukhusela eliphakathi nelicokisekileyo.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa noLawulo / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Imilinganiselo kunye nezixhobo zolawulo zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ezinje ngezityalo ezivelisa imveliso, ulawulo lwezakhiwo, iinkqubo zokufudumeza, isixhobo sokulumkisa, njl.njl. Iinyikima ezibangelwa ngumbane okanye ezinye izizathu azibangeli monakalo kwinkqubo yokulawula, kodwa zikwabangela nokonakalisa kwiziguquli ezibizayo. kunye nabenzi boluvo. Ukusilela kwenkqubo yolawulo kuhlala kukhokelela kwilahleko yemveliso kunye nefuthe kwimveliso. Imilinganiselo kunye nolawulo lweeyunithi zihlala zinobuthathaka ngakumbi kunendlela yokusabela kwenkqubo yokunyuka kweevolivingi. Xa kukhethwa kunye nokufakwa kombane kwinkqubo yokulinganisa kunye nolawulo, ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
1, amandla ombane aphezulu enkqubo
2, owona mgangatho uphezulu usebenza ngoku
3, elona zinga liphezulu lokuhambisa idatha
4, nokuba livumele ixabiso lokuxhathisa ukuba lenyuke
5, Nokuba ucingo olo lungeniswe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, nokuba ingaba eso sixhobo sinaso isixhobo sombane sokhuseleko.
Umbane wamandla ombane / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lisebe lezonxibelelwano ngomnxeba lubonisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-80 zeengozi zombane zesikhululo sonxibelelwano zibangelwa kukungena kombane kumgca wombane. Ke ngoko, amandla ombane aphantsi atshintshayo ababambayo bangoku bakhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ngelixa umbane omkhulu obamba izinto zeMOV zihlala kwindawo ephambili kwimarike. Baninzi abavelisi be-MOV arresters, kwaye umahluko weemveliso zabo uboniswa ikakhulu kwi:
Umthamo wokuhamba
Ukuhamba kwamandla sesona sithuba siphezulu sombane (8 / 20μs) esinokumelana nombanjwa. Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezemveliso Yolwazi "Imigaqo yoBugcisa yokuKhuselwa kombane kwiNkqubo yaMandla oNjineli oNxibelelwano" icacisa amandla okuhamba kombane oza kubamba umbane. Inqanaba lokuqala lokubanjwa lingaphezulu kwe-20KA. Nangona kunjalo, amandla onyuka ngoku wokubamba umntu kwimarike aya esiba makhulu ngokukhula. Umbanjwa omkhulu okhoyo ngoku akonakaliseki ngokulula ngumbane. Inani lamaxesha apho umbane omncinci unyamezelwayo uyonyuka, kwaye intsalela yombane nayo iyancitshiswa kancinci. Itekhnoloji engafunekiyo yokuthambisa yamkelwe. Ukubanjwa kuphucula ukukhuselwa kwesakhono. Nangona kunjalo, ukonakala kombanjwa akusoloko kubangelwa luqhankqalazo lombane.
Okwangoku, kucetyisiwe ukuba umtshangatshangiso wangoku we-10/350 μs kufuneka usetyenziselwe ukukhangela umbane obamba ngombane. Isizathu kukuba i-IEC1024 kunye ne-IEC1312 imigangatho isebenzisa i-10/350 μs wave xa ichaza umbane wamaza. Le nkcazo ayinabanzi, kuba i-8 / 20μs yangoku isasetyenziselwa ukubala okuhambelana nokubanjwa kwe-IEC1312, kunye ne-8 / 20μs wave isasetyenziswa kwi-IEC1643 "SPD" -Umgaqo woKhetho "Isetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili ngoku ifom ye-wave yokufumana umntu obanjiweyo (i-SPD). Ke ngoko, akunakuthethwa ukuba amandla okuhamba kombanjwa kunye ne-8/20 μs wave aphelelwe lixesha, kwaye akunakuthiwa amandla okuhamba kombanjwa kunye no-8/20 μs awangqinelani nemigangatho yamazwe aphesheya.
Khusela isekethe
Ukungaphumeleli kokubanjwa kwe-MOV kukufutshane kwaye kujikelezwe evulekileyo. Umbane wamandla onamandla unokonakalisa umbanjwa kwaye wenze impazamo kwisekethe evulekileyo. Ngeli xesha, imilo yemodyuli yokubamba ihlala itshatyalaliswa. Ukubanjwa kunokunciphisa amandla ombane ngenxa yokuguga kwezinto ixesha elide. Xa ombane osebenzayo ehla ezantsi kwamandla ombane asebenzayo emgceni, lowo ubambayo uyayinyusa imeko yangoku, kwaye umbanjwa uvelisa ubushushu, obuya kuthi ekugqibeleni butshabalalise iimpawu ezingezizo zesixhobo se-MOV, sikhokelele kwisekethe emfutshane yomntu obambayo. ukutshisa. Imeko efanayo inokwenzeka ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla ombane okubangelwa kukusilela kwelayini yamandla.
Isiphoso sesekethe esivulekileyo sombanjwa asichaphazeli unikezelo lwamandla. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ujonge umbane osebenzayo ukuze ufumanise, ngenxa yoko lowo ubambayo kufuneka atshekishwe rhoqo.
Isiphoso esifutshane sesibanjwa sichaphazela unikezelo lwamandla. Xa ubushushu bukhulu, ucingo luya kutshiswa. Isiphaluka se-alamu kufuneka sikhuselwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombane. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-fuse yayixhunyiwe kuthotho lweemodyuli zokubamba, kodwa i-fuse kufuneka iqinisekise umbane wangoku kunye nomjikelo wesekethe omfutshane oza kubethwa. Kunzima ukuphumeza ubuchwepheshe. Ngokukodwa, imodyuli yokubamba ikakhulu isijikelezo esifutshane. Ukuhamba okwangoku ngexesha lesiphaluka elifutshane akukukhulu, kodwa okhoyo ngoku kwanele ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubambe umbane osetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukukhupha ukubetha kwempumlo ngokufudumeleyo. Isixhobo sokuqhawula ubushushu esivele kamva sayisombulula le ngxaki ngcono. Isekethe emfutshane yomntu obanjiweyo ifunyenwe ngokumisela ubushushu boqhawulo kwifowuni. Nje ukuba isixhobo sokufudumeza ukubanjwa sicinywe ngokuzenzekelayo, ukukhanya, umbane kunye ne-aloustic alarm alarm zanikwa.
Umbane oshiyekileyo
Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezemveliso Yolwazi "Imigaqo yezobuchwephesha yokuKhuselwa kombane kwiNkqubo yaMandla oNjineli oNxibelelwano" (YD5078-98) yenze iimfuno ezithile zombane oshiyekileyo wombane obanjiweyo kuwo onke amanqanaba. Kufuneka kuthiwe iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziyafezekiswa ngokulula. Umbane oshiyekileyo wokubanjwa kwe-MOV ngumbane wayo osebenzayo ngamaxesha angama-2.5-3.5. Umahluko wentsalela yombane wesigaba esinye sokubamba awukho mkhulu. Umlinganiso wokunciphisa intsalela yombane kukunciphisa amandla ombane kunye nokunyusa amandla akhoyo ekubanjweni, kodwa amandla ombane asezantsi kakhulu, kwaye nomonakalo wokubanjwa obangelwa kukungazinzi kombane kuya kwanda. Ezinye iimveliso zangaphandle zingene kwimakethi yaseTshayina kwinqanaba lokuqala, amandla ombane aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kamva anyuse kakhulu amandla ombane.
Umbane oshiyekileyo unokwehliswa ngamanqanaba amabini okubamba.
Xa umbane uhlasela, umbanjwa u-1 uyakhupha, kwaye intsalela yombane eveliswe yi-V1; okwangoku okuqukuqelayo kwabamba u-1 ngu-I1;
Umbane oshiyekileyo wokubamba u-2 yi-V2, kwaye ukuhamba ngoku kungu-I2. Le yile: V2 = V1-I2Z
Kuyacaca ukuba intsalela yombane obambayo u-2 usezantsi kunombane oshiyekileyo wombanjwa 1.
Kukho abavelisi abanikezela ngamanqanaba amabini okubamba umbane ukukhusela umbane kwisigaba esinye, kuba amandla esigaba esinye samandla ngokubanzi angaphantsi kwe-5KW, umgca wangoku awukho mkhulu, kwaye i-impedance inductance kulula ukubhudlwa ngumoya. Kukwakho nabavelisi ababonelela ngezigaba ezibini zokubanjwa kwamanqanaba amabini. Ngenxa yokuba amandla esigaba sesithathu samandla anokuba makhulu, umntu obanjiweyo mkhulu kwaye uyabiza.
Kwinqanaba elifunekayo ukufakela umbane obambayo kwizigaba ezininzi kumgca wamandla. Ngapha koko, isiphumo sokunciphisa amandla ombane ashiyekileyo sinokufezekiswa, kodwa ukuzilawula ngokwakho kwecingo kusetyenziselwa ukwenza ukungqinelani kokuthintela ukubanjwa phakathi kwababanjiweyo kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Umbane oshiyekileyo wokubamba kuphela sisalathiso sobuchwephesha sombanjwa. Umbane ogqithisileyo osetyenzisiweyo kwisixhobo ukwasekwe kumandla ombane ashiyekileyo. Umbane owongeziweyo oveliswe ngabaqhubi bababini bokubamba umbane oxhunywe kumgca wamandla kunye nocingo lomhlaba longezwa. Ke ngoko, ufakelo oluchanekileyo lwenziwa. Ukubanjwa kombane kukwalinyathelo elibalulekileyo lokunciphisa ukugqitha kwezixhobo.
Okunye / izixhobo zokukhusela umbane
Umbanjwa unokunika izixhobo zokubala zombane, ujongano lwendlela kunye neendlela zokufaka ezahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi.
Unxibelelwano lokubamba umgca
Iimfuno zobuchwephesha zombane obambe umbane kwimigca yokunxibelelana ziphezulu, kuba ukongeza ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zetekhnoloji yokukhusela umbane, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba izikhombisi zothumelo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno. Ukongeza, izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kumgca wonxibelelwano zinombane ongezantsi wokumelana namandla, kwaye intsalela yevolthi yesixhobo sokhuseleko sombane ingqongqo. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukukhetha isixhobo sokukhusela umbane. Isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokhuseleko kumbane wokukhusela umbane kufuneka sibe namandla amancinci amancinci, intsalela yamandla ashiyekileyo, ukuhamba ngoku okukhulu kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokucacileyo, izixhobo zetafile azilunganga. Umbhobho wokukhupha unokusetyenziselwa phantse lonke unxibelelwano, kodwa amandla alo okukhusela umbane abuthathaka. Ii-capacitor ze-MOV zikhulu kwaye zilungele ukuhanjiswa komsindo kuphela. Ubuchule beTVS bokumelana nombane ngoku buthathaka. Iziphumo ezikhuselayo. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela umbane zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaza ombane ashiyekileyo phantsi kwefuthe lamaza akhoyo. Ngokutsho kweempawu zamaza ombane aseleyo, umntu obanjiweyo unokwahlulwa-hlulwa ibe luhlobo lokutshintsha kunye nomda wevolthi, okanye ezi ndidi zimbini zinokudityaniswa ukwenza amandla kwaye kuthintelwe okufutshane.
Isisombululo kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibini ezahlukeneyo ukwenza ibanjwa elinamanqanaba amabini. Umzobo wesikimu uyafana nokubanjwa kwamanqanaba amabini kunikezelo lwamandla. Inqanaba lokuqala kuphela elisebenzisa ityhubhu yokukhutshelwa, isitha esiphakathi sodwa esisebenzisa isichaso okanye i-PTC, kwaye inqanaba lesibini lisebenzisa i-TVS, ukuze ubude besixhobo ngasinye busebenze. Umbanjwa onje unokubakho ukuya kumashumi ambalwa eMHZ.
Amanqanaba okubamba aphezulu asebenzisa ikakhulu iityhubhu zokukhupha, ezinje ngee feeder ezihambayo kunye neepage ze-eriyali zokuxhasa, kungenjalo kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhambisa. Kukho iimveliso ezisebenzisa umthetho-siseko wokucoca okupasileyo. Kuba umbane wamaza ombane ugxile phakathi kweekiloztz ezininzi kunye namakhulu aliqela eekhilo, ubude be-eriyali buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukwenza isihluzi.
Esona sekethe silula kukudibanisa i-inductor encinci engqameneyo kunye nocingo oluphezulu lokuhamba rhoqo ukwenza ifilter yokubamba ephezulu. Kwinqanaba le-eriyali yokunxibelelana rhoqo, umgca wekota-wavelength omfutshane-wesekethe ungasetyenziselwa ukwenza isihluzi se-band-pass, kunye nomphumo wokukhusela umbane ungcono, kodwa zombini ezi ndlela ziya kufutshane ukujikeleza i-DC idluliselwe kumgca wokutya we-eriyali , kwaye uluhlu lwesicelo lukhawulelwe.
Isixhobo esisisiseko
Ukuzinzisa sisiseko sokukhusela umbane. Indlela yokumisela echazwe ngumgangatho kukusebenzisa iipalali zomhlaba ethe tyaba okanye ethe nkqo ngeeprofayili zentsimbi. Kwiindawo ezinokubola okunamandla, i-galvanization kunye nendawo enqamlezileyo yeeprofayili zentsimbi ezinokusetyenziselwa ukumelana nokubola. Izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi zinokusetyenziswa. Umqhubi usebenza njengepali yomhlaba, enje ngegrafayithi yomhlaba electrode kunye nePortland yesamente yomhlaba. Indlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi kukusebenzisa isiseko sokomeleza uyilo lwala maxesha njengepali yomhlaba. Ngenxa yokusikelwa umda kukhuseleko lombane kwixa elidlulileyo, ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ukuxhathisa umhlaba kuyagxininiswa. Abanye abavelisi bazise iimveliso ezisisiseko ezahlukeneyo, besithi zinciphisa ukuxhathisa komhlaba. Njengokuncitshiswa kokuncitshiswa, i-polymer yomhlaba i-electrode, i-electrode yomhlaba engekho yesinyithi njalo njalo.
Ngapha koko, ngokubhekisele kukhuseleko lombane, ukuqonda ukumelana nomhlaba kuguqukile, iimfuno zolwakhiwo lwegridi yomhlaba ziphezulu, kwaye iimfuno zokumelana ziyakhululwa. Kwi-GB50057-94, kuphela ziindlela zomnatha womhlaba ezizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ezigxininiswayo. Akukho mfuneko yokuchasana, kuba kwithiyori yokhuselo lombane yomgaqo we-equipotential, uthungelwano lomhlaba kuphela kwendawo ekubhekiswa kuyo, ingelilo elona zinga linokubakho. Ubume begridi yomhlaba buyafuneka kwiimfuno ze-equipotential, kwaye ixabiso lokuxhathisa alikho sengqiqweni. Ewe akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngokufumana ukuxhathisa okuphantsi xa iimeko zivuma. Ukongeza, unikezelo lwamandla nonxibelelwano zineemfuno zokumelana nomhlaba, ezingaphaya kobuchwephesha bokukhusela umbane.
Ukuxhathisa kokumisa ikakhulu kunxulunyaniswa nokumelana nomhlaba kunye nokumelana nokudibana phakathi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba. Ikwahambelana nemilo kunye nenani lomhlaba xa kusenziwa umhlaba. Ukuncitshiswa kokuncitshiswa kunye nee-electrode ezahlukeneyo zokumisa akukho nto ekuphuculeni ukumelana nokudibana okanye unxibelelwano phakathi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba. indawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthintela umhlaba kudlala indima ebonakalayo, kwaye ezinye kulula ukuzitshintsha. Ukuba umhlaba uthintela kakhulu, kuphela yindlela yobunjineli yokutshintsha umhlaba okanye yokuphucula umhlaba enokusebenza, kwaye ezinye iindlela kunzima ukusebenza.
Ukukhuselwa ngombane sisihloko esidala, kodwa kusaqhubeka. Kufuneka kuthiwe akukho mveliso inokuzama. Zininzi izinto ekufuneka zihlolisisiwe kwitekhnoloji yokukhusela umbane. Okwangoku, izixhobo zombane azikacaci. Uphando oluninzi malunga nokufakwa kombane nalo lubuthathaka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, iimveliso zokukhusela umbane nazo ziyaphuhlisa. Eminye imveliso emitsha ebangelwe yimveliso yokhuseleko yombane, ifuna ukuvavanywa ngokusebenza ngesimo sengqondo sesayensi kwaye iphuhliswe ithiyori. Kuba umbane ngokwawo sisiganeko esincinci esinokwenzeka, kufuna uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani lwexesha elide ukufumana iziphumo eziluncedo, ezifuna intsebenziswano yawo onke amaqela ukufezekisa.
