Izixhobo ezininzi zokukhusela isixhobo sokukhusela i-MSPD

2 PfG 2634 -Uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo lweeMulti-pulse Izixhobo zokukhusela ezixhume kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane asezantsi -Iimfuneko kunye neendlela zovavanyo

umda

Olu luvavanyo olunye kuphela IEC 61643-11: 2011. Olu vavanyo longezelelekileyo lunokusebenza kwizixhobo zokukhusela ukhuselo ngokuchasene nokungathanga ngqo kunye nokuchaphazeleka kombane okanye ezinye izinto ezihamba kancinci okwexeshana. Ezi zixhobo zipakishwe ukuze zidityaniswe kwiisekethi zombane ezingama-50/60 Hz, kunye nezixhobo ezikalwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 000 V rms

Iimpawu zomsebenzi, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya kunye nokuhlelwa. Ezi zixhobo ziqulathe ubuncinci icandelo elingelolayini kwaye zijolise ekunciphiseni ukunyuka kwe-voltages kunye nokuphambukisa imisinga yokunyuka.

Izalathiso eziqhelekileyo

IEC 61643-11: 2011, isixhobo sokukhusela amandla asezantsi-Icandelo 11: izixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo ezixhumeke kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane kunye neemvavanyo

Imigaqo, iinkcazo kunye nezifinyezo

3.1.101 (MSPD) Izixhobo ezininzi zokukhusela izixhobo ezikhuselayo

I-SPD ekwaziyo ukuxhomekeka kwimivumbo emininzi ekuphumeni kunye nasekuvavanyweni kwamaza okudibanisa amaza amaninzi

Qaphela: ukuba umenzi uxela ukuba i-SPD inokumelana nokubetha okuninzi, i-MSPD kufuneka idlulise imfuno yovavanyo lwe- (MCW) ye-Multi-pulses wave wave.

3.1.102 (MCW) Amaza amaninzi okudibanisa amaza amaninzi

Impembelelo yefom yangoku edityaniswe ziimpuphu ezininzi ngokokuma okuthile kunye nexesha lokuhamba

Imfuneko yovavanyo lwe-8.3.101 ye (MCW) Amaza amaninzi okudibanisa amaza

Uvavanyo lusetyenziselwa i-MSPD kuphela enxibelelana ne-L-PE / N kwi-TN, TT kunye ne-IT system.

Kolu vavanyo, kuya kusetyenziswa iisampulu ezintathu ezitsha kwaye iimfuno ezifanelekileyo kolu vavanyo zibhekisa kwi-IEC 61643-11: 2011 Igatya 8

Ipharamitha yovavanyo ye-8.3.101.1 ye (MCW) Amaza amaninzi okudibanisa amaza

Qaphela: le theyibhile ingentla kuphela iparameter ephezulu ye-MCW ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ekubhekiswa kuyo, umenzi unokuchaza eyakhe ipharamitha echaziweyo ye-MCW ye-MSPD ngohlobo njengoko ibinzana 8.3.101.3 libonisa. Ixesha lekhefu kufuneka likhatshwe yile theyibhile ingentla ibonisa ukuba ixesha lekhefu ukusuka kowokuqala ukuya kowesibini wokugqibela ngama-60 ms, kwaye ixesha lokuphumla phakathi kweempembelelo ezimbini zokugqibela ngu-400 ms.

8.3.101.2 Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokutshangatshangiswa kwezinto ezininzi ezikhoyo kumvelisi

8.3.101.3 Ukuchongwa kwee-Multi-pulses zokudibanisa iiparitha zamaza

Umzekelo, MS-8 / 20μs-10p / 20kA
I-MS-Iipulse ezininzi
8 / 20μs - impembelelo yangoku
10p - 10 iimpompo
20kA-Amaxabiso aphezulu ukusuka kwisibini ukuya kwimpembelelo ye-9

8.3.101.4 umzobo wesekethe yovavanyo

Kuphela yi-U_Ref= 255 V, isekethe yangoku emfutshane yalo mthombo wamandla ngaphezu kwe-100 A iyafuneka kuvavanyo. Enye inkqubo yamandla okuhambisa iyaqwalaselwa. Ukuba abavelisi babhengeza ukunqamla izixhobo zangaphandle, izixhobo zonqamko zangaphandle kufuneka zisebenzise ukunxibelelana ngexesha lovavanyo, kodwa uqhawuko lwangaphandle akufuneki lwenzeke.

8.3.101.5 Iikhrayitheriya zokupasa

I-TUV Rheinland ikhuphe iikhrayitheriya ezintsha 2 PfG 2634.08.17 -Uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo lweeMulti-pulse Surge izixhobo zokukhusela ezinxulunyaniswe neenkqubo zamandla ombane ophantsi -Iimfuneko kunye neendlela zovavanyo

Umgangatho osisiseko sovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwamazwe aphesheya lwonyusa uvavanyo lwee-pulses ezininzi, itekhnoloji yovavanyo ikufutshane kwicala lokuhambisa ulwandiso lwe-SPD yokunyuka kokusingqongileyo, okuchaphazeleka ngumbane wendalo iimpawu zomzimba zokuqonda iindudumo nemibane, umbane. Ukhuselo lubonelela ngeqonga elitsha lophando oluphezulu, kuluncedo kuphuhliso ekujoliswe kulo ukuziqhelanisa nesicelo esahlukileyo kwicandelo leemveliso zokukhusela umbane, ukubonelela ngolungiso lokuqhutywa kwamakhulu ezigidi ze-SPD kuphela kwi-Intanethi inkxaso yobuchwephesha. ikwakhuthaza i-R & D ye-SPD yehlabathi kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yemveliso.

Le nkomfa imeme iingcali ezininzi kwicandelo le-SPD, kunye kulawulo lweshishini olunxulumene ne-SPD, itekhnoloji, umgangatho, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwabasebenzi ukuze bangayithobeli imigangatho emitsha ye-SPD, ukunceda amashishini ukuphucula amandla ophando kunye nophuhliso, eyilelwe ukuhlangabezana iimfuno zeemveliso ezisemgangathweni, zinceda umenzi ngamnye omkhulu ukuba angene kwimarike yamanye amazwe, akhuthaze umfanekiso weshishini.

Umgangatho wovavanyo lwe-SPD ukusuka kwi-pulse eyodwa ukuya kwi-pulse ezininzi

Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zekhompyuter eziphambili zisetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo, ukuthuthwa, amandla ombane, unxibelelwano, ishishini lamachiza kunye nezinye iinkalo, kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amandla ombane aphantsi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zombane ezikrelekrele ngokuthe ngcembe, inani elikhulu lexabiso eliphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukudityaniswa okuphezulu kwezinto ze-elektroniki kwisicelo. Nangona kunjalo, umbane ogqithisileyo okanye osebenza ngaphezu kwamandla okuvuthayo, uhlala uzisa ingozi ebulalayo kwizinto zombane. Ke ngoko, ukuthintela ukugqabhuka kombane kunye nokusebenza kwamandla ombane kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yezixhobo, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ze-SPD zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeempawu ezibonakalayo zomntu kwindudumo ikwanakho nokuqonda okucacileyo nokucacileyo, umbane ubangela iintlobo ezininzi zeethiyori zisekwe kwiimfuno ezithile kunye noqikelelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi komkhuseli wokunyuka, iimveliso zokhuselo lombane, ikakhulu esekwe kukuqonda yombane omnye wokubetha. Imveliso yehlabathi jikelele ye-SPD kwixa elidlulileyo ikwangqinelana nekhomishini yamazwe aphesheya ye-electrotechnical IEC 61643 yophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwemigangatho yezobugcisa, kwaye ngombane iilebhu ezinamandla amakhulu zisebenzisa i-10 / 350μs okanye uvavanyo lwe-8 / 20μs .

Ngapha koko, kule minyaka idlulileyo iziphumo zokubeka iliso kwindudumo kunye nemibane kunye neendudumo kunye nokukhuselwa kombane zibonisa ukuba umbane ophethe indlela enye yokuvavanywa kwelabhoratri ephezulu yeendlela ze-SPD, kunye nezibakala zokubetha kombane okwenyani ngexesha lokubetha okuninzi, ngovavanyo olunye lwe-pulse lwe-SPD kunyamezelwano lokwenyani xa lubethwe ngumbane, kunye nexabiso lalo eliqhelekileyo, kaninzi kuhlala kukhokelela ekubeni ubushushu be-SPD buqhume ngamadangatye, obangela ingozi yomlilo. Ke ngoko, unokumelana nokutshutshiswa kwe-SPD kwiimfuno ezingxamisekileyo kwicandelo lokukhusela imibane ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ikwabonelela abavelisi ngamathuba amahle ophuhliso.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba abavelisi be-SPD behlaziya ukungabikho kokuqonda kwemigangatho efanelekileyo, kukho umda othile kuyilo lwemveliso, kubangela ukuba amashishini emveliso ye-SPD kube nzima ukufezekisa impumelelo kuphuhliso lwemveliso nakwimveliso, esokola ekuhloleni intengiso yamanye amazwe.

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuphuhliswa kokuchasana nefuthe le-pulse emininzi kwimveliso ye-SPD, i-TUV Rheinland igunya elidibeneyo lasekhaya kwii-arhente zovavanyo ze-SPD- "iZiko lovavanyo laseBeijing Leishan", ngokudibanisa neempawu zamashishini asekhaya, kunye ne-SPD yokuvavanya ukubetha kunye nokuqinisekiswa imigangatho kunye nezisombululo, zamashishini ahambelana nokubonelela ngezisombululo ezikhawulezayo nezibanzi, ukunceda amashishini e-SPD kwintengiso yamanye amazwe.

Isatifikethi se-SPD TUV Rheinland siye samkelwa kwihlabathi liphela, iingcali ezinamava ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho kwimveliso, kunye nokunceda abathengi ukuba bafumane ulwazi lobuchwephesha lwamva nje kunye namandla entengiso. Ukongeza, i-TUV Rheinland iphethe isiseko sabathengi bonke, inokunceda abavelisi be-SPD bandise amajelo abathengi.

I-Multiple-pulses surge protector (MSPD) yangasemva kunye nemeko yangoku yomgangatho wovavanyo

Ngo-Novemba ka-2017, i-Germany TUV Rheinland Group yakhupha “ukudibanisa amandla ombane aphantsi kwinkqubo yezixhobo ezikhuselayo zokuvavanya izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo-iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye neendlela zovavanyo (IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634), kunye novavanyo lwe-Beijing Leishan Iziko ”TUV Rheinland SPD yemveliso yokuvulwa kwelebhu.

Umgangatho we-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 usekwe kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwamazwe aphesheya olonyusa uvavanyo lwe-pulse test, itekhnoloji yovavanyo isondele kakhulu kwicala lokusasaza umgca we-SPD yokusingqongileyo nefuthe lombane wendalo, ukuhlangabezana neendudumo, umbane Ukhuselo lubonelela ngophando kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kuluncedo kuphuhliso ekujoliswe kulo ukuziqhelanisa nesicelo esahlukileyo kwicandelo leemveliso zokukhusela umbane, ukubonelela ngokulungiswa kokuqhutywa kwamakhulu ezigidi ze-SPD kuphela kwinkxaso yezobuchwephesha kwi-Intanethi, ukukhuthaza i-SPD yehlabathi I-R & D kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yemveliso.

Ixesha le-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 imigangatho ikhuphe isikhumbuzo sesibini, umlawuli weSun Yong wase "Beijing Leishan Testing Centre" kunye neinjineli iYang Yongming yaseJamani iRhine TUV, baphonononge ngokudibeneyo inkqubo yovavanyo yoyilo esemgangathweni ye-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17, kwaye bazisa imeko yangoku yophuhliso.

Ilanga Yong: Inkqubo yokuyila esemgangathweni emininzi

Ngo-2016 inkampani yaseBeijing Leishan yaseka umbane kwizixhobo ezininzi zelebhu ephezulu. Umkhuseli oqhubayo ngokubetha okungaphezulu komkhuseli welungelo lomenzi wase-China (MSPD) kunye nomgangatho wovavanyo lwe-pulse standard (idrafti) i-drafman, ingcali eyaziwayo yokukhuselwa kombane u-Yang Shaojie ugunyaziso, "iBeijing Leishan Testing Centre" iphumelele umkhuseli wokukhusela uMSPD ubhale ukubetha kwamaninzi umgangatho wovavanyo (uyilo) lwamalungelo obunini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umbutho weziko lombane eBeijing weqela le-MSPD kunye nokubetha okukodwa komkhuseli wangoku (SPD) wokuqhubeka nokufunda. Emva kwamawaka amaxesha ovavanyo lwecandelo, kubandakanya i-T1, T2 kunye ne-T3 MSPD kunye ne-SPD kwaye isetyenzisiwe kwimveliso yeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ze-MOV yokukhusela isikhuseli, i-GDT, evulekileyo, ukwaphuka okuncinci kunye nezinto ze-SCB, ezinje ngeentambo zokuhambisa, iiterminal zomoya njl.njl. iqokelele isixa esikhulu sedatha yovavanyo, ukubhala amanqaku amaninzi ovavanyo lokukhusela i-MSPD lubonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa.

Umkhuseli oqhubayo uMSPD wokuvavanywa kokubetha okuqhelekileyo kumgangatho wokubhala, ngokubhekisele kwinkomfa yamazwe onke kwigridi yamandla (CIGRE) epapashwe ngo-2013, ingxelo yobunjineli yesicelo sobunjineli beeparitha zombane (inguqulelo yesiNgesi), eli nqaku liyintlanganiso enkulu yegridi yamanye amazwe epapashwe ngakumbi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, iiparameter zombane (Berger, k. Anderson RB kunye noKroninger h. 1975. I-Electra No. 41, iphe. 23-37) yapapashwa ngo-1980 kunye nokusetyenziswa kobunjineli beparameter yombane (Anderson RB noEriksson AJ 1980. Electra No. 69, iphe. 65-102.) Uhlaziyo. Eli phepha libonakalise ngokucacileyo kwisishwankathelo: "ngaphezulu kwe-80% yefleshi iyinto enamacala amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwesibini umva. Le pesenti iphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili u-Andersonand Eriksson (1980), esekwe kwiirekhodi zoqikelelo olungachanekanga lwe-55% Ngalinye lamaxesha okuphendula aphakathi kwe-3-5, malunga nama-60 ms avareji yejometri. Phantse isinye kwisithathu ukuya kwisiqingatha se-flash, kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ngaphandle kweendawo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa isibane ngasinye kuphela irekhodi lesikhundla, uxinzelelo lombane olinganise ixabiso lokulungiswa malunga ne-1.5 ukuya kwi-1.7, ephezulu kakhulu kune-Anderson kunye no-Eriksson 1.1 (1980) ngaphambili. Impendulo yexesha lokuqala lencopho yangoku ihlala inkulu kunakwelixa lizayo ixesha eliphindwe kabini ukuya kwelesi-2. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesithathu kwisibane esiqulathe ubuncinci emva kokuba ubenombane omkhulu wombane emva kokubuyela umva. Kwithiyori, incopho yayo yangoku nayo kufuneka ibe nkulu kunexesha lokuqala. Inkulu kuneyokuqala ukubuyela umva emva kokubuyela kwiintambo zombane kwaye enye inkqubo yenza isoyikiso esongezelelweyo ".

Nge-12 ka-Agasti ka-2008, i-Guangzhou yesiseko sokuvavanywa kwenqanaba lokuvavanywa kombane kwindudumo yombane inezihlandlo ezisibhozo, iqela lamaTshayina lezeNzululwazi leqela leQie xiushu lishwankathela imifuniselo yombane kwiphondo laseShandong ukusukela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2010 xa iyonke. Ukukhutshwa kombane okungama-22, i-95% yokubetha, amaxesha ali-17 okukhupha ixesha elingaphezulu kwama-400 ms (millisecond), ubuninzi bokubetha kwenombolo 11. Ukusetyenziswa kobunjineli beeparamitha zombane kwinto yokukhutshwa kombane kwinkcazo ebanzi, iyaqhubeka ukungqina ukuba indibaniselwano yokubetha okungaphezulu Iimpawu zendalo iphela yile: indibaniselwano yamaza omoya amaninzi anezona zimbini ziphakamileyo, ixesha eliphakathi lokubetha lingama-60 ms, ekugqibeleni ukubetha okuphakathi kunye nokubetha kwithuba ngaphambi kwe-400 ms. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-SPD edumileyo, esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukukhutshwa ngokukuko kwe-20 kA yangoku, elinganiswa nge-1.64 kA umbane wokuqhuma komlilo ngoku (8 pulses) Olu vavanyo, alukhange lubone ukubetha kombane okuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa ikwabonisa ukuba uphando lunokuba isetyenziswe kwimibane emininzi yokutsala umbane ekubhobhozeni imeko yokubaluleka kwe-MSPD kunye nokungxamiseka.

Indibaniselwano yamazwe aphesheya kunye neyasekhaya yokuqhubela umbane kwimeko yokujonga kunye nedatha yovavanyo, ikomiti yokuhlela yamkela i-8 / 20μs (kubandakanya ukubetha kwe-10 S njenge-pulse MSPD yempembelelo yomdibaniso wangoku.

Ngokwezixhobo zomzimba zombane ukubhobhoza ukubetha okungaphezulu, ukubetha kwamaza amaninzi, ukubetha kokuqala kunye nokugqibela kokubetha kwexabiso lokulinganisa, ukuphakama kwamapulse okuphakathi kwe1 / 2 yexabiso; Ukuqala kokubetha kwithuba lokuphuma phakathi kwe-9 ukuya kwi-60 ms, ngaphambi kokuba ekugqibeleni ukubetha okuphakathi kunye nokubetha kwithuba kungu-400 ms.

Ukuba kucacile, ukucaciswa okuthile, ukubetha okukodwa ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukhuseleko (i-SPD) kungabakho nakwimpembelelo ezintlanu zokudityaniswa kwamaza okutsala. Ngokomgangatho wovavanyo lukazwelonke, emva kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukhuseleko kunye ne-SPD uthotho lwe-pulse wave wave, okanye awunyanzelekanga ukuba ubuyisele izinto ezingafakwanga ubhedu kuvavanyo lwesekethe olufutshane, isiseko asinakuphumelela kuvavanyo. Inyaniso ebenegalelo kwibhodi yokuzoba ukubhala ukubetha kwe-MSPD ezininzi ngokungxamisekileyo komgangatho wovavanyo, kuba kuphela ngumsebenzi obhaliweyo ngokukhawuleza, ngesikhokelo esisemgangathweni, kuphando lobuchwephesha bokukhusela umbane kunye nabasebenzi bophuhliso kunye namashishini emveliso abetha umkhombandlela we-MSPD, inokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukukhuselwa kombane kokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yemveliso kunye nophuhliso olusempilweni lokukhusela umbane kunye nokunciphisa intlekele.

I-Yang Yongming: ii-pulses ezininzi ze-MSPD zovavanyo olwenziweyo kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo

I-2 PFG 2634 "qhagamshela kwinkqubo yombane yamandla asezantsi yezixhobo ezikhuselayo zokuvavanya izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo- iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye neendlela zovavanyo" ezenziwe emva kombutho ofanelekileyo wasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

Umbutho kwi2018, "uluntu lukhuphe u-2018 umgangatho wokuqala (wokuqala) wokucwangciswa kwesaziso" (igama likawonke-wonke [2018] hayi. 50), evunyiwe nguNanjing Kuanyong Electronics Co, Ltd., ukubhala komgaqo wendlela omkhulu wokhuselo lombane. kunye nomgangatho wetekhnoloji “.

Kwi-2018, phila ukwakha iprojekthi, okanye ikomiti yokubhala "ukubetha kwenkqubo yokuhambisa amandla ombane ophantsi-iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye neendlela zovavanyo.

ILPS ibibanjelwe eShenzhen e2018, ungcelele lwesine lwamazwe aphesheya malunga nokukhuselwa kombane, usihlalo weKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical ye-IEC SC4A u-Alain Rousseau uwukhankanyile lo mgangatho, kwaye entliziyweni yeentetho PPT i-IEC37-61643.11 / 2011 PFG 2 " Qhagamshela kwinkqubo yamandla ombane aphantsi yezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo- iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye neendlela zovavanyo zokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo, okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngamaTshayina ukubhala indawo yakho kufuneka kuvunywe yimigangatho yamazwe e-IEC.

Kwi-2019, umbutho weenkonzo zemozulu waseTshayina uvumile iprojekthi yeziko lokufumanisa umbane eBeijing ukuba ibhale uvavanyo lokuqhubela umbane izikhokelo ngokubanzi, sisiseko kuphuhliso lwemigangatho yetekhnoloji yokubetha emininzi, umgangatho ochaziweyo kwisithuba sokubetha, iimfuno zefomathi, zonke Oku kusekwe kwiminyaka engama-30 yophando lweeparitha zobunjineli bendalo zamazwe aphesheya, ubalo lwamanani olwandiso ngokubanzi enza ifomathi yomgangatho waselebhu.

NgoJulayi 2019, iKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical International (i-IEC) ikhuphe i-IEC61400-24-2019 "ukukhusela ngombane kwenkqubo yamandla omoya" okokuqala ngo-8.5.5.12: ukuxhathisa kombane we-SPD. Ngenxa yombane weinjini yomoya phantsi kwesantya esiphakamileyo, kwaye i-SPD kumatshini womoya ibaluleke kakhulu, kungoko kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nemibane emininzi ye-SPD. (Qaphela: ukubetha okuninzi; ukubetha okuninzi; ukuphaphazela okuninzi. ukubetha okuninzi).

I-Solstice nge-30 ka-Okthobha ngo-Okthobha i-2019, liziko lovavanyo lokukhusela umbane eBeijing, ukukhuselwa kombane kwikomiti yezemfundo yase-China kuluntu loyilo olukhokele umgangatho weqela lomhleli “ukubetha kwenkqubo yokuhambisa umbane osezantsi ombane umkhuseli - iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye neendlela zovavanyo Intlanganiso yeqela elisebenzayo iya kubanjelwa eBeijing. Ngokombutho wolwakhiwo lwase China woluntu lwase China ngo-31 ukucwangciswa okusemgangathweni “, okufunwa yiyunithi yomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ogqityiweyo ukuphela kukaJuni ka-2019.

Ilanga Yong: malunga neepulseformform wave wave parameters ze-shock wave

Ngaphandle kwemigangatho yokuvavanywa kwe-SPD yamanye amazwe kunye neyasekhaya, iluncedo kwi-10 / 350μs ifomathi yokuhlelwa kwe-SPD yokunyanzelwa kovavanyo lwangoku lwe-T1, ukuziqhelanisa ne-10 / 350μs yothuko lwangoku lwe-SPD ngokubanzi kufuneka isebenzise isixhobo sohlobo lokutshintsha, uhlobo olusikiweyo lokuhamba isixhobo sokutshintsha yingxaki enzima, kunye noxinzelelo lokunciphisa isixhobo ngexesha lokuphendula yenye ingxaki. Ngaphakathi, i-10 / 350μs yeefomathi zefomathi ezisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwe-SPD lwangoku oluphazamisayo lube yingxabano. Inani elikhulu leedatha eziqwalaselweyo zibonisa ukuba i-10 / 350μs ifom ye-wave kunye nefomathi yokukhutshwa kombane kwindalo yeeparitha zefomathi, 8 / 20μs kune-10 / 350μs parameter s waveform parameter sondele kufutshane nendalo ekhupha ukubetha kwamapharamitha, kunye nokulinganisa kwendalo umbane ukubetha kweefomathi zefomathi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kukulandela ilabhoratri. Le yibhodi yokuzoba ene-8 / 20μs yeefomathi zefomathi njengempembelelo ye-MSPD yangoku, esinye sezizathu.

Ngokomgangatho wokuvavanywa kwe-SPD wamazwe aphesheya kunye nasekhaya, linganisa ukuba ngaba i-SPD inokuhlelwa njenge-T1 ipharamitha ayisiyiyo eyona index ibalulekileyo yokuqhubela phambili kwiiparitha zefomathi yangoku, kodwa ifuthe lokukhutshwa kwencopho yangoku ye-Iimp; Ukuhlawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwamandla Q kunye noW / R. Umgangatho weSizwe we-GB50057-2010 ngekhowudi yoyilo lokhuselo lombane T1 yi-12.5 KA yexabiso le-Q le-6.25 AS; W / R ixabiso lama-39 kj / Ω.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sisebenzisa ilabhoratri ye-8 / 20μs ifom wave ye-10 mu s pulse wave, uxinzelelo lokunciphisa uhlobo lokuvavanywa kwe-MSPD. 60 ka ukunyuka okwangoku kwexabiso le-Q le-6.31 AS; W / R ngama-52.90 kj / /. Idatha ibonisa ukuba uhlobo lwe-MSPD yokubetha okuninzi lusebenzisa isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo sinokuvavanya ngokupheleleyo i-T1, isonjululwe kakuhle kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokutshintsha uhlobo ziingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu. Le yibhodi yokuzoba ene-8 / 20μs yeefomathi zefomathi njenge-MSPD yokunyanzelwa kwamaza okwangoku, esinye isizathu.

I-Yang Yongming: Itekhnoloji ye-China ye-MSPD yeTshayina eyavusa inkxalabo yabakhuphiswano bamanye amazwe

I-China i-pulse teknoloji ye-MSPD engundoqo ye-teknoloji yinkampani yokukhusela i-Guangdong emva kweminyaka elishumi yophando kunye nenani elikhulu lezilingo, ngaphezu kwe-2014 iminyaka ye-T1, i-T2 kunye ne-T3 yokubetha i-MSPD ifumene ilungelo lobunikazi. Ngaphakathi, kukho i-United States, iJamani, iSingapore, iBangladesh, i-France kunye namanye amazwe iingcali zokukhusela umbane ukuba ziphonononge kwaye zixoxe., Usihlalo we-IEC 2014 SC37A u-Alain Rousseau ukhokele ngokwakhe iingcali ezimbini zaseJamani ukuba zikhusele, umhlaba wentsebenzo ukubetha okungafaniyo kwe-SPD kunye nokuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kwe-MSPD, ngo-Okthobha 13, 2014, iseshoni yama-32 yenkomfa ye-ICLP eShanghai, u-Alain usihlalo wenza isihloko esithi "ukwandisa uvavanyo lwe-pulse" kwintetho ye-SPD.

I-Yong Yong: iimveliso zoluhlu lwe-MSPD kwimfuno yentengiso

Emva kovavanyo oluninzi, ukuveliswa kwebhetshi ye-MSPD yamacandelo anikezela ngoncedo olukhethekileyo kusekwe. Ukuqala ngo-2019, kusetyenziswa ikhaka le-Guangdong multi-pulses MSPD patent technology ye-MSPD uthotho lweemveliso zigqithise kwiziko lombane laseBeijing IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634 "qhagamshela kwinkqubo yombane yamandla ombane ephantsi yovavanyo lwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye novavanyo lweendlela zokufumanisa, yiza kwintengiso.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba kwimilinganiselo yokuvavanywa kwe-MSPD emininzi, phantsi kwesikhokelo se-MSPD e-China iya kuthabatha indawo i-SPD yendabuko, ibonelele ngenkonzo ephezulu yezobuchwephesha kukhuseleko lombane kunye nokunciphisa intlekele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lokwakha kwezoqoqosho lwase-China kunye nabantu ubomi kunye nepropathi zidlala indima efanelekileyo. Unokuqikelela ukuba kwilizwe lethu, ulawulo lomgangatho kwicandelo lokukhusela umbane, iingcali zokukhusela umbane kunye nabaphandi, kunye novavanyo, uvavanyo kunye nobunjineli kwimizamo yabasebenzi yokudibanisa, kungekudala, izixhobo zokukhusela i-China (SPDs) Isizathu siyakufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha, kwaye siyokuya phesheya, inkonzo yehlabathi.

Izixhobo zokukhusela (i-SPDs), isidingo sovavanyo lwee-pulses ezininzi ngesiqinisekiso seTUV

Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yomntu isekungabikho kokucaca ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela umbane kunye nokuqonda okucacileyo, enkulu ebaleni layo yonke into onokuyicinga, incinci kwibhokisi encinci, kukho iimfuno zokhuselo lombane, indlela yokhuseleko yombane ikwanazo, njengesikhokelo sombane, sisebenzisa umrhumo ofanayo wenkunkuma, kwaye okwangoku sisikhuseli esisetyenziswa kakhulu (SPD), luhlobo lweentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo, iindlela zonxibelelwano zibonelela ngokhuseleko kwisixhobo se-elektroniki. Ngenxa yombane otshabalalisayo, okwangoku kunokufikelela kumakhulu amawaka ee-amps, zihlala zizisa ingozi ebulalayo kwizinto zombane. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yezixhobo, zonke iintlobo zokukhusela (SPD) zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Ukukhusela okuhambelana nokukhusela iimfuno ze-TUV kukhulu kakhulu.

Umbane ubangela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeethiyori, kwelinye icala, ngokusekwe kwezinye izinto ezifunekayo kunye ne-hypothesis, echaphazela ukuphuculwa kwendlela yokukhuselwa kombane, ke ngoku kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumkhuseli wokukhusela (SPD), njengeemveliso zokukhusela umbane ngombane omnye uyayazi, i-IEC (iKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yeHlabathi) iya kunyusa umgangatho wokuvavanywa kokusebenza kokukhusela (SPD) ichazwa njenge-8 / 20μs kunye ne-10 / 350μs wave, njl.

Umgangatho wovavanyo lwe-SPD ukusuka kwi-pulse eyodwa ukuya kwi-pulse ezininzi

Okwangoku, ilabhoratri yombane ephezulu yelabhoratri ephezulu ngokwe-IEC 61643-2011 ye-SPD ngovavanyo olunye lwefomathi, ngelixa ifuthe lombane omnye aluhambelani neempawu ezibonakalayo zombane wendalo (90% umbane wendalo awubi. Ngokubhekisele kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo iimveliso ezifanelekileyo ixesha lokubaleka kwi-intanethi zaqhambuka kwiingxaki zedangatye zisekhona, kuba umbane, unxibelelwano, ukhuseleko luzise ilahleko enkulu, njl.nomgangatho we-IEC we-SPD ubukhulu becala usombulule izicelo ezahlukeneyo iimfuno ze-arhente yoyilo lwe-SPD kunye nokuchasana nefuthe elinye, ukuxhathisa kwesekethe emfutshane, amandla okunyamezelana kwe-TOV phantsi kwemeko yombane kunye nokhuseleko lombane. Ngaba umgangatho we-IEC wendlela entsha ye-IEC yohlaziyo olulandelayo malunga nokuqaliswa kwi-2019, uyilo lonke xa kuthelekiswa nolukhulu lwangoku, luya kusekelwa kwi-IEC 61643-1 iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko kunye neemfuno, ukuya kwi-11 ngeendlela zovavanyo lwe-SPD kunye neemfuno, -21 yeendlela zokuvavanywa kwe-SPD kunye neemfuno, -31 yeendlela zokuvavanya ze-SPD kunye neemfuno, -41 yeendlela zokuvavanya ze-SPD kunye neemfuno.

Ukukhutshwa kwengxaki yempembelelo ephindaphindiweyo bekusoloko kungumba obalulekileyo kwicandelo lophando lokhuselo lombane emhlabeni. Ngokusekwe koku, iJamani Rheinland TUV yayila i-2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 SPD imigangatho yetekhnoloji ye-pulse. Umgangatho osisiseko sovavanyo olusemgangathweni lwamazwe aphesheya luyonyusa uvavanyo lwe-pulse test, itekhnoloji yovavanyo isondele ngakumbi ekulinganisweni kweempawu zendalo, ukuhlangabezana neendudumo, iindudumo zokhuselo zibonelela ngeqonga elitsha lophando oluphezulu, kuluncedo kuphuhliso ekujoliswe kulo ukuziqhelanisa nesicelo esahlukileyo kwicandelo leemveliso zokukhusela umbane, ukubonelela nge-intanethi ukulungiswa kwamakhulu ezigidi ze-SPD kuphela ngenkxaso yezobuchwephesha, iya kuthi inyanzelise i-SPD R&D kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yemveliso.

Ngenxa yokuba abavelisi be-SPD behlaziya ukungabikho kokuqonda kwemigangatho efanelekileyo, kukho umda othile kuyilo lwemveliso, kubangela ukuba amashishini emveliso ye-SPD kube nzima ukufezekisa impumelelo kuphuhliso lwemveliso nakwimveliso, esokola ekuhloleni intengiso yamanye amazwe.

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuphuculwa kokuchasana nefuthe le-pulse emininzi kwimveliso ye-SPD, i-TUV Rheinland egunyazisiweyo igunya lasekhaya lamaziko ovavanyo e-SPD, ngokudibanisa neempawu zamashishini asekhaya kunye namashishini ahambelana nokubonelela ngezisombululo ezikhawulezayo nezibanzi, ukunceda amashishini e-SPD kwi kwimarike yamanye amazwe.

Isatifikethi se-SPD TUV Rheinland siye samkelwa kwihlabathi liphela, iingcali ezinamava ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho kwimveliso, kunye nokunceda abathengi ukuba bafumane ulwazi lobuchwephesha lwamva nje kunye namandla entengiso. Ukongeza, i-TUV Rheinland iphethe isiseko sabathengi bonke, inokunceda abavelisi be-SPD bandise amajelo abathengi.

Isiphumo kunye nophando malunga nokuvavanywa kwezixhobo ezikhuselayo (SPDs) nge-10 pulse kunye ne-multi-pulses

1Isixhobo esiphantsi kovavanyo (DUT) kunye neseti yeWaveform

1.1 IDUT

1.2 Ifomathi yamaza

I-10 yokuvavanywa kokuvavanywa okuqhelekileyo, ukubetha kwe-8 / 20μs = amaxesha ama-2 phakathi kwe-8 ye-pulse amplitude, ixesha lokuphumla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-pulse yokuqala ye-60- 400 ms pulse interval, i-pulse yokugqibela-10 ms pulse interval. Xa ufaka 255 ukubetha ngaxeshanye, unikezelo frequency amandla 100V / 2A. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokutshangatshangisa lubhaliwe kumgangatho we-QX kushishino e-China kwaye kuyilwa itekhnoloji ye-XNUMX ye-PGF ye-TUV Rheinland esemgangathweni, njengendlela yophando yokuhambisa ii-wave-pulses test waveforms ekusebenzeni komkhuseli.

2 Iqela A-DUT

Iqela A-iziphumo zovavanyo lwee-pulses ezininzi kuma-amplitude ahlukeneyo

Iqela A-ezi setethi zoyilo lwemveliso yokhuseleko lwe-pulse eyodwa In = 60 kA, kodwa kwi-10 pulse, under amplitude of 30 and 60 kA, both damage during the seven impact pulse, finally on fire at 255 V / 100. Lungisa uvavanyo lobungakanani, olufunyenwe kwi-10 pulse amplitude ye-40 ukuya kwi-20 kA, akukho monakalo kwinkqubo yempembelelo, kodwa emva kokothuka konke ukukhutshwa kwe-DUT; Nge-10 pulse amplitude ye-30 ukuya kwi-15 kA, usebenzisa i-2 DUT ukuvavanya, kuphela i-1 DUT ebangela ukukhutshwa, ungaxela kwangaphambili ukuba i-pulse amplitude ye-10 ngumda wokunyamezelwa koyilo lokukhusela.

3. Iqela B - iziphumo zovavanyo lwee-pulses ezininzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo

Iqela B-ezi setethi zoyilo lwemveliso yokhuseleko lwe-pulse eyodwa In = 60 kA, kodwa kwi-10 pulse, under amplitude of 30 and 60 kA, both damage during the nine impact pulse, finally on fire at 255 V / 100. Lungisa uvavanyo lobungakanani, olufunyenwe kwi-10 pulse amplitude ye-50 ukuya kwi-25 kA, akukho monakalo kwinkqubo yempembelelo, kodwa emva kothuko lonke ubushushu be-DUT's Surface ukuya kuthi ga kwiidigri ezingama-90, oko kuthetha ukuya kuthi ga ekubalulekeni kokukhutshwa kwembali. Kwi-10 pulse amplitude ye-40 ukuya kwi-20 kA, kusetyenziswa i-2 DUT ukuvavanya, isekwimeko elungileyo, emva kovavanyo lokupholisa ukuqala kwamandla ombane kwakuqhelekile, kungoko unokuqikelela ukuba i-pulse amplitude ye-10 ngumkhuseli wokunyanzeliswa koyilo lokukhusela.

4.4 Shwankathela uvavanyo

(1) Ngokweyilo lomkhuseli wokukhusela ukubetha okukodwa, i-In (8 / 20μs) ye-amplitude isilele kuvavanyo olulinganayo lwe-10 ye-amplitude pulse.

(2) Ngokweziphumo zovavanyo, ngokokuyilwa komkhuseli we-single-pulse amplitude Ku (8 / 20μs) ukubalwa kwe-0.5, kunokufikelelwa kuvavanyo olunye olulinganayo lwe-10.

(3) Ukuqala kokukhusela ukusebenzisa amandla ombane we-chip kuphezulu, phantsi kobungakanani bokuhamba okufanayo, kwisiseko se-single-pulse inesakhono esiphezulu se-10 pulses zokunyamezelana

Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi lokuyila - izixhobo ezininzi zokukhusela izixhobo (SPD)

Abstract
Ukuyilwa kuveza uhlobo lweempembelelo zokukhusela, kubandakanya i-ontology yokukhusela, ukhuseleko lomzimba kwisebe langaphakathi lichazwa ubuncinci benqanaba lokukhusela izinto ezikhutshelweyo zokukhusela uxinzelelo oluphezulu, phakathi kwabo, inqanaba ngalinye liphezulu Ukuthintela ukhuseleko kwisekethe kubandakanya ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo zokukhusela zenza isebe lothotho. Ukuveliswa okwangoku kunesiphambuka samandla esikhoyo samandla okwaphula ngokuthe ngqo (awudingi indawo yobhedu), amandla kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana, ukwazi ukumelana nombane wokwenyani, uncedo lwempembelelo ezininzi zokubetha kwaye ungaluphumelela uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-T2, efanelekileyo yofakelo kwizakhiwo, ke ngoko ukhuselo olusebenzayo ngakumbi lokuhambisa amandla ombane asezantsi wombane kunye nezixhobo zombane.

inkcazelo
Umkhuseli ophindaphindiweyo wokukhusela
Icandelo lobugcisa

[0001] uyilo olunxulumene nesikhuseli sonyuka, sesokuthintela izixhobo ezikhuselayo zombane kumhlaba wobuchwephesha, ngakumbi kubhekisa kuhlobo lomkhuseli wokuphakama kwemiphunga emininzi. Imvelaphi yezobugcisa

[0002] Kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi nethekhinoloji, ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zekhompyuter eziqhubela phambili ziya zisiba banzi kwisicelo seshishini lolwazi, ezothutho, amandla ombane, ezemali, ushishino lweekhemikhali kunye nezinye iinkalo kwinkqubo. Kwaye ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zombane kwinkqubo yokuhambisa amandla ombane inyathelo ngenyathelo ngenyathelo, isiphumo kukukhetha isixa esikhulu sexabiso eliphantsi, ubuntununtunu obuphezulu, ukudityaniswa okuphezulu kwezinto zombane. Umbane obaleka ngombane okanye osebenza ngaphezulu kwamandla ombane, nangona kunjalo, uhlala uzisa ingozi ebulalayo kwizinto ze-elektroniki, wenza ububanzi, ubunzulu kunye nokuhamba rhoqo komonakalo wevoltage kuyanda. Ke ngoko, ukuthintela ukubaneka kombane kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ombane kwizixhobo zombane kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yezixhobo, zonke iintlobo zoKhuselo lweSurge zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

[0003] amazwe eemveliso zehlabathi zokukhusela umkhuseli SH) zenziwa ngokungqinelana ne-IEC / TC61643 itekhnoloji yemveliso yophando oluqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso kunye nemveliso kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwelebhu yombane kusetyenziswa i-10 / 350μs okanye i-8 / 20μs yovavanyo lokubetha okukodwa umothuko. Kwi-IEC61643-1: 2011 kunye nomgangatho wesizwe wase-China we-GB50057-2010 “ikhowudi yoyilo lokhuselo lombane, ukunyusa isikhuseli senkqubo yokuhambisa umbane ophantsi yahlulwe ngeendlela ezintathu zovavanyo, kwaye kusetyenziswa Τ1, T2 kunye T3, ngokwahlukeneyo.

[0004] okhuselayo okhoyo okwahluliweyo unokwahlulahlulwa ngokutshintsha ngokubanzi kwe-SPD kunye ne-voltage- yokunciphisa umda we-SPD, ukutshintshela i-SPD kunokumelana nombane ngokuthe ngqo ekubunjweni komthamo omkhulu wempembelelo yangoku, kodwa kukho umda wombane ophezulu, ixesha lokuphendula ixesha elide, umsinga ISH) kwaye uphando lwamva nje lukwacebisa ukuba ixesha lokuphendula kwimowudi licotha kakhulu (uhlobo loxinzelelo ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula kwe-SPD acuities yayiyi-20 ns, ixesha lokuphendula lohlobo lotshintsho lwe-SPD> 200 us, i-average real lightning current ubude be-pulse <180 us, i-119.6 kuthi), eyona mfutshane ekukhokeleni kombane ayinakuba nefuthe elihle kuthintelo, ithande ukonakaliswa luhlobo lwempembelelo ye-2 SPD kunye nezixhobo kwaye inqanaba lokuqala lokutshintsha i-SPDs alisebenzi. Nangona i-SPD yohlobo lokunciphisa amandla ombane ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, umda wevolthi esezantsi, kodwa inokuthi ithwale kuphela ifuthe elilinganiselweyo, kwaye ifuna ukhuseleko lwayo lokugcina inokubanakho kungekuphela nje ngokutsala okukhoyo ngoku kodwa nakwimeko yamandla amancinci ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza , kunye nexesha lokuphula ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emi-5.

[0005] Okwangoku azikho izisombululo zetekhnoloji yamazwe ngamazwe yokusombulula ezi ngxaki zobuchwephesha, ke ngoko kwi-IEC 61643-1: 2011 kumgaqo wokuqala we-8.3.5.3 kufuneka wamkele ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo (ezenziweyo) endaweni yobhedu. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kobhedu endaweni yokutshintsha i-SPD okanye ukukhawulela i-voltage SPD akuhambelani nemeko eyiyo ye-SPD efinyeziweyo, imeko yokuqhuma komlilo ihlala isenzeka ekusebenzeni. Kufakwe kwisakhiwo, kwelinye icala, inqanaba lesibini le-SPD lifuna uvavanyo lwesibini ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo ze-GB50057-2010, T2, ene-8 / 20μs waveform. Ukuze ube nakho ukuphumelela kuvavanyo lwesibini, ihlala i-2 SH) kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo luyilelwe, uhlobo lokunciphisa umda we-SPD (T2) inamandla amakhulu okuhamba kwe-8 / 20μs yangoku, kodwa nge-10 / 350μs yi-1/20 kuphela yexabiso layo. Kwaye ngokwemigangatho yesizwe yangoku, amazwe aphesheya kuvavanyo lwangoku lwesekethe kufuneka amkele iindlela ezizezinye ezifanelekileyo (ezenziweyo) endaweni yecandelo lobhedu. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kuvavanyo lwenzululwazi kunye nokukhuselwa kombane kubonisa ukuba indudumo eneempembelelo zovavanyo lwelabhoratri ephezulu ye-SPD kunye nezibakala zokubetha kombane okwenyani ngexesha lokubetha okuninzi, ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwelebhu yombane kuvavanyo lwe ukubetha okungafaniyo kwe-SPD kunyamezelwano lokwenyani kunye nexabiso laso lokuzibiza xa ubethwe ngumbane, kuhlala kukhokelela ekugqabhuka kwamadangatye e-SPD obushushu, iingozi zomlilo. Isiseko sovavanyo lokukhanyisa ngombane eGuangzhou nge-12 ka-Agasti ka-2008, uvavanyo lwe-SPD lokunyamezelana kombane, ewe: ukunganyamezeli okungaginyisi mathe hayi i-LEMP enye inamaxesha asibhozo umva, ubuninzi be-26.4 kA yangoku, ukuhamba ngoku nge-SPD lelona xabiso liphezulu kwi-1.64 kA , Umonakalo okhoyo ngoku we-20 kA we-SPD. [UShaodong Chen, Shaojie Yang nge-12 ka-Agasti ka-2011 eBrazil, njengenkomfa ye-14 yezizwe ngezizwe kwiphepha lombane womoya: Okuchukunyiswe kuHlahlelo kunika ulwazi olutsha kwiziphumo zangoku zezixhobo zokukhusela] .Ukuhlanganisa, amandla ombane ngokuthe ngqo Ukophula isekethe emfutshane yangoku, amandla kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana, inokumelana neempembelelo ezothusayo ingaphezulu kwe-SPD ezintathu zobunzima bezobuchwephesha kuphuhliso nakwimveliso.

[0006] Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso olunokunyamezela ukubanakho kwempembelelo yokwenene yombane, kodwa ikwanokuqhekeka ngokuthe ngqo kwesekethe yamandla ombane wangoku (awudingi kutshintshiselwa ibhloko yobhedu), kunye namandla kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana Uvavanyo lwe-SPD (T2), olungeyomfuno engxamisekileyo kuphela kwicandelo lokhuselo lombane ekhaya nakumazwe aphesheya, kwaye liyimbali yokutsiba kombane iteknoloji.

Umxholo woyilo

[0007] injongo yolu qulunqo kukoyisa iziphene kunye nokusilela kubuchwephesha obukhoyo, kubonelela ngesikhuseli sokutsala umoya okuqhubekayo, isikhuseli sokukhula sinokwaphula ngokuthe ngqo isekethe yamandla ombane (akufuneki sithathe indawo yobhedu), amandla kunye nexesha ukusebenzisana, ukwazi ukumelana nombane wokwenyani, uncedo lweempembelelo ezininzi zokubetha kwaye ungaluphumelela uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-T2, faka isicelo kufakelo lwezakhiwo, ngaloo ndlela ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lokujikeleza kwesasazethi sevolthi esezantsi zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane.

[0008] ukufezekisa le njongo ingentla, into ekhoyo ngoku ngokwesi sicwangciso silandelayo sobugcisa:

[0009] isikhuseli sokukhusela, ukubetheka kwe-ontology yokukhusela umzimba, kubandakanya ukhuseleko lomzimba kwisebe langaphakathi elichaziweyo lichazwa ubuncinci benqanaba lokukhusela izinto ezikhutshelweyo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe, phakathi kwabo, inqanaba ngalinye liphezulu Isekethe iqulethe ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nezinto zokukhusela izinto ezikhuselweyo ezenza isebe lothotho.

[0010] okunye ukukhusela umzimba kwisebe langaphakathi locingo kuchazwa ngoxinzelelo oluninzi lokuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo kumda wesekethe yokhuseleko, inqanaba ngalinye lokutsala uxinzelelo lotyando lokunciphisa umjikelo wesekethe liqukethe i-varistor enye kunye nefuse ukwenza isebe lothotho, enye uthotho lokuqala lwesebe le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl, kwinqanaba lesibini ngaphezulu kwesebe le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl + Λ Un, η ye-1 ukuya kwi-9.

[0011] ichazwe ngakumbi kumkhuseli womzimba ikwanesekethe yesikhombisi esikhanyayo sokukhanya, isekethe yokukhanya yesekethe yokukhanya ibandakanya ukukhanya kunye nokuqhelekileyo ukumelana nesebe kuthotho, uqhagamshelo lwesebe lothotho kwinqanaba lokuqala lokudakumba koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe phakathi kwe-varistor kunye nefuse ukubetha.

[0012] echazwe ngakumbi kumkhuseli womzimba ikwanesokethi zonxibelelwano ezikude.

[0013] ichazwe ngakumbi kumkhuseli we ontology zero line yeseti emiselweyo nayo ine pulsed ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wokukhusela isekethe, ukubetha okuphindaphindiweyo okuphezulu koxinzelelo lwefuthe lokunciphisa umjikelezo wesekethe kubandakanya ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nefom yezinto zokukhusela uthotho lwesebe. [0014] umkhuseli wokukhusela, ukubetha okuninzi kubandakanya umkhuseli we-ontology, kuchazwe ukumiselwa komkhuseli womzimba onesekethe yesigaba esithathu, isekethe echazwe kwisigaba ngasinye sesebe lomlilo elimise ubuncinci inqanaba kunye nezinto zokukhusela ezikhuselweyo isekethe, phakathi kwabo, inqanaba ngalinye lokudlathuka koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokunciphisa umda wesekethe ubuncinci ine-varistor kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo zokukhusela zenza isebe lothotho.

[0015] ichazwe ngakumbi kwisigaba ngasinye sesebe locingo lwesekethe ukuseta ngaphezulu kwe-multistage pulse yangoku yoxinzelelo lothintelo lokunciphisa umjikelo wesekethe, inqanaba ngalinye lokutsala uxinzelelo lwangoku lotyando lokunciphisa umjikelezo wesekethe liqukethe i-varistor enye kunye nefuse ukwenza uthotho lwe-pulse isebe, elinye lecandelo lokuqala le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl, kwinqanaba lesibini ngaphezulu kwesebe le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl + Λ Un, η ye-1 ukuya kwi-9.

[0016] ichazwe ngakumbi kumkhuseli womzimba ikwanesekethe yesikhombisi esikhanyayo sokukhanya, isekethe yokukhanya yesekethe yokukhanya ibandakanya ukukhanya kunye nokuqhelekileyo ukuxhathisa isebe, isekethe yesekethe edityaniswe kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuqala lokuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo oluphezulu I-varistor kunye nefuse pulse.

[0017] echazwe ngakumbi kumkhuseli womzimba ikwanesokethi zonxibelelwano ezikude.

[0018] ichazwe ngakumbi kumkhuseli we ontology zero line yeseti emiselweyo nayo ine pulsed ephezulu yangoku yoxinzelelo lotshintsho ekunciphiseni isekethe yokhuseleko, ukubetha okuphindaphindiweyo okuphezulu koxinzelelo lwefuthe ekunciphiseni isekethe yokhuseleko kubandakanya ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nefom yezinto zokukhusela isebe lothotho.

[0019] uyilo xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji esele ikho, iziphumo zalo eziluncedo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

[0020] 1. uyilo luphucula kakhulu ubuchule bokukhusela umbane, unesiphaluka esifutshane samandla ombane osaphuka ngokuthe ngqo (awudingi ukubuyiselwa kwebhloko yobhedu), sombulula indawo ye-SPD (T2) xa isekethe emfutshane izophula, iphucuke kakhulu ukhuseleko lwe-SPD (T2); Ngaba unamandla amakhulu kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana, bonke bamkela uxinzelelo olunobuzaza njengeyona nto iphambili ye-SPD (T2), isombulula i-SPD ye-hybridi ukuba ingasebenzisani namandla kunye nexesha; Ngeempembelelo ezininzi eziphantsi kwempembelelo yamandla ombane, isonjululwe ngovavanyo olunye lwe-pulse ye-SPD ayinakuyithwala ingxaki yokothuka kombane.

[0021] 2. uyilo lwanamhlanje lulungele ukufakelwa kwizakhiwo, ke ngoko ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lombane ophantsi wokuhambisa isekethe yezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki, ngakumbi kubaluleke kakhulu kukuziva okuphezulu kokukhuselwa kombane kwizixhobo zombane, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo Inkqubo yezixhobo ze-elektroniki.

[0022] 3. usetyenziso olubanzi lwento ekhoyo ngoku, luyakukunciphisa kakhulu ukududuma kunye neentlekele zombane ezenzekayo; Kwangelo xesha, ukuveliswa okwangoku kuyilo olulula kunye nolwazelelekileyo, iindleko eziphakathi, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kufanelekile, kunezibonelelo ezilungileyo kakhulu zoqoqosho nezentlalo.

[0023] ukuze ube nokuqonda okucacileyo kokuyilayo, oku kulandelayo kuyakudibanisa imizobo eqhotyoshelweyo eboniswe kweli phepha, indlela ephumeziweyo yokwenziwa kobu bungqina.

[0024] Umzobo 1 ngumzekelo wokuphunyezwa kokuyilwa kwe-1 inempembelelo ezininzi zokuqala ezikhoyo kwisigaba esinye seempembelelo zesekethe kuthintelo lokhuselo lomzobo wesekethe.

[0025] isazobe 2 yinto ekhoyo enesigaba esinye sokuphunyezwa kwesekethe umzekelo inqanaba loku-1 lokuphindaphindeka koxinzelelo lwangoku koxinzelelo loxinzelelo kuthintelo lomzobo wesekethe.

[0026] isazobe 3 ngumzekelo wokumiliselwa kokuyilwa komzobo wesigaba sesithathu sedrafti yesekethe.

[0027] Isazobe 4 kukuyilwa kusetyenziswa imeko yedayagramu yonxibelelwano yesekethe.
Indlela ephumeziweyo yokuphatha
Icandelo 1

[0028] Ukuphunyezwa komzekelo 1

[0029] njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso woku-1, into ekhoyo ichaza ukukhusela ukubetha kwamalungu amaninzi, ibandakanya umkhuseli we-ontology, umkhuseli womzimba ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lesebe ishushu kakhulu uxinzelelo lwangoku oluphezulu lokunciphisa umjikelo wokhuseleko, ukubetha okuphindaphindiweyo koxinzelelo lwempembelelo Isekethe yokhuselo ine-varistor enye i-TMOVl kwaye ifake isebe le-Mbl yefom yesebe, uxinzelelo lwe-pulse ukumelana noxinzelelo lwamandla ombane e-dc ye-% .Ngokunye, okuchazwe kumkhuseli womzimba kukwanesibonakaliso sesiphaluka sokukhanya kwesekethe kunye nesokethi yonxibelelwano ekude, impazamo Isalathisi sokukhanya kwesekethe kubandakanya ukukhanya kwe-D kunye nesebe eliqhelekileyo le-R, uxhulumaniso lwesebe kwinqanaba lokuqala lokutshitshiswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokunciphisa umda wesekethe ye-varistor TMOVl kunye nefuse fuse phakathi kweMbl. Ichaziwe kumkhuseli we-ontology yesebe lomgca we-zero ikwaseta indlela yokutsala uxinzelelo lwangoku oluphezulu lokunciphisa umda wesekethe yokhuseleko, ukubetha okuphindaphindiweyo koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokunciphisa umda wesekethe kukwabandakanya ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nezinto zokukhusela ukhuseleko ezenza uluhlu lwesebe.

[0030] njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-2, into ekhoyo ngoku ichaze umkhuseli womlilo ngaphakathi kwisebe inenqanaba le-3 yokutsala uxinzelelo lwangoku lotyando lokunciphisa umjikelo wesekethe, inqanaba ngalinye lokutsala uxinzelelo lwangoku lotyando lokunciphisa umjikelo wesekethe liqukethe i-varistor enye kunye nefuse yokwenza isetyana le-pulse yesebe, elinye lecandelo lokuqala le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl, uthotho lwesekethe yesebe le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl + Λ U1, isebe lesithathu le-varistor dc voltage kwi-Ud + AUy enye indlela yesakhiwo kwaye iyafana njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 1.

[0031] iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba uyilo lwangoku olwamkelwe ngumthamo omkhulu wokuhamba kwaye unamandla amancinci okubetha amandla kumatshini wokubamba fuse (MB) kunye ne-zinc zinc oxide varistor (MOV), ngokungqinelana netekhnoloji yolawulo lweparamitha. Itekhnoloji yolawulo lweparamitha ethe kratya ukwalatha kwiimveliso ezifanayo, ukusebenzisa iparameter engaphezulu kwesinye kuyeyona nto iphambili kulungelelwaniso kunye nolawulo lweeparameter zesixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ngokudibeneyo ukufezekisa iparameter enye okanye ezingaphezulu zoyilo) uthotho lwetekhnoloji yokuqhekeka ngokwamanqanaba Itekhnoloji ibhekisa kulwakhiwo lwe-SPD kuwo onke amasebe esixhobo sokukhusela isixhobo sesekethe kwisekethe emfutshane, amandla ombane anokuqhubeka ngokunyathela inyathelo ngokweemfuno zoyilo, yenza i-SPD isuse isekethe yokuhambisa umbane, ukwenzela ukuphucula ukhuseleko Sebenzisa i-SPD, yenza i-fuse xa amandla amafutshane wesiphaluka samandla e-pulse ekhawulezayo kunqamla unikezelo lwamandla ombane asezantsi ifakwe kwi-SPD yomsebenzi wesikhuselo wokugcina umsebenzi okhuselweyo, owenziwe kumaza ombane xa uvavanyo olufutshane lwesekethe aludingi siqwenga sobhedu endaweni yamaza ombane we-MOV ngokuthe ngqo ukwaphula isekethe yangoku; Ukwamkela ingxelo elungileyo konke ukusetyenziswa kobushushu be-MOV kwaye yenziwa ngokungqinelana netekhnoloji yokulawula ipharamitha ethe kratya yetekhnoloji yokulinganisa okungaqondakaliyo (itekhnoloji yokuthelekisa-engaqhelekanga ibhekisa kwinani lilonke lesebe lesekethe le-SPD lingaqhelekanga okanye linani, kufuneka isasazwe itekhnoloji ehambelana netekhnoloji), woyisa i-SPD (T2) iswitshi kunye noxinzelelo lokunciphisa uyilo lokuxuba isixhobo, amandla kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana kunye akunakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesiphene sokuthintela umbane, ukumiliselwa kwamandla kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana; Ukwamkelwa kwe-multilevel ye-MOV ye-gauge encinci yokulinganisa ukulingana kweparamitha yeparadesi yokulinganisa, yenza i-SPD xa ishukunyiswa ngumbane, onke amasebe ahambelanayo e-MOV anokulinganiswa ngombane okwangoku, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umbane wenyani we-SPD uphantsi kobuchule beempembelelo ezininzi.

Ityala lesi-2 [0032] [0033] njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-3, into ekhoyo ngoku ichaze umkhuseli wokuphakama kwemiphunga emininzi, kubandakanya i-ontology yomkhuseli, kuchazwe ukumiselwa komkhuseli womzimba onesekethe yesigaba esithathu, ucingo lwesebe lesekethe ngalinye lisekwe ngaphezulu kwesithathu ukubetha koxinzelelo lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe yokukhuselwa, inqanaba ngalinye le-pulse yangoku yoxinzelelo lotshintsho ekuthinteleni isekethe ine-varistor enye kunye nefuse yokwenza isebe le-pulse series, elinye lecandelo lokuqala le-varistor dc voltage ye-Utl, uxinzelelo ukumelana noxinzelelo uthotho lwesekethe yesekethe yombane osebenzayo we-dc U0 + Δ U1, uthotho lwesithathu loxinzelelo lwesebe elinoxinzelelo lokuthintela ukusebenza kwamandla ombane we-dc U0 +, U2. Enye imo yolwakhiwo kunye nomzekelo wokumiliselwa.

[0034] njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-4, xa usebenzisa, beka nje isikhuseli se-pulse esiphezulu ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lokuqala lokuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe yokhuseleko kuthungelwano lokufaka oluxhunywe kwintambo yombane yesekethe yokuhambisa umbane ophantsi; Ibanga lokuqala kunye ne-pulsed ephezulu yokutshutshiswa kwengcinezelo yokunciphisa ukukhuselwa kwesekethe amandla okuphuma kunye nokusabalalisa umbane ophantsi womgca womhlaba wocingo lomhlaba, unokugqiba ukufakela umkhuseli wokukhusela, ukulula, ukulungelelanisa nokukhuseleka.

[0035], into ekhoyo ayikhawulelwanga kule ndlela ingentla yokuphunyezwa koloyilo ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho okanye okwahlukileyo (njengokuvela kwesakhiwo ebhokisini okanye kuhlobo lwemodyuli; Ngokuhamba kwetrafikhi Ngobungakanani bendlela yesigaba esinye okanye Isigaba sesithathu sonikezelo lweendlela ezikhuselweyo) asiveli kumoya nakwindlela yokuyilwa, ukuba olo tshintsho kunye nokwahluka kuwela kumda webango langoku lobugcisa kunye nobuchwephesha obulinganayo, into ekhoyo ngoku ikwanenjongo yokubandakanya olu tshintsho kunye neefom.

Amabango (10)

1. Isikhuseli sokukhusela, ukubetha okuninzi kubandakanya umkhuseli we-ontology, isimilo sakhe: isebe lomkhuseli wangaphakathi wesebe lichazwa ubuncinci kwinqanaba elinamalungu okukhusela ukhuselo lokuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo lwangoku lokunciphisa umjikelo wokukhusela isekethe, phakathi kwabo, kwinqanaba ngalinye uxinzelelo lokunciphisa umda wesekethe uqukethe ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nezinto zokukhusela izinto ezikhuselweyo zenza isebe lothotho.
2. Ngokutsho kwebango eli-1 lokukhuselwa kokukhutshwa komzimba okukhuselekileyo, isimilo sakhe sikukuba isebe langaphakathi locingo lwengcingo lichazwe ngobuninzi bokubetha koxinzelelo lothintelo lokunciphisa umjikelo wesekethe, inqanaba ngalinye lokutsala koxinzelelo lotyando lokunciphisa umjikelo wesekethe liqukethe i-varistor enye kunye fuse ukwenza isebe lothotho lwe-pulse, enye yecandelo lokuqala le-varistor yesebe elisebenza ngevolthi yokusebenza ye-Utl, inqanaba lesibini ngaphezulu kwesebe le-varistor yecandelo lombane osebenzayo we-dc U0 + Λ Un, η ye-1 ukuya kwi-9.
3. Ngokwamabango ama-2 aphindaphindayo ukukhusela isikhuseli, isimilo sakhe sikukuba: umkhuseli womzimba ukwathe ukusilela kwesekethe, isekethe yokukhanya yesekethe yokukhanya ibandakanya ukukhanya kunye nokuxhathisa kwesebe eliqhelekileyo, uqhagamshelo lwesebe lothotho kwinqanaba lokuqala linyanzelise uxinzelelo lwangoku isekethe yokukhusela phakathi kwe-varistor kunye ne-pulse fuse.
4. Ngokutsho kwebango le-1 yomkhuseli wokunyuka kwemiphunga emininzi, isimilo sakhe: umkhuseli womzimba naye uchazwa ngesokethi yonxibelelwano ekude.
5. Ngokutsho kwebango eli-1 lokukhusela ukukhusela okukhuselekileyo, isimilo sakhe: isebe le-zero line ye-ontology yomkhuseli ikwacwangciswa ubuncinci ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lokuqala lokucinezelwa komjikelo wokunciphisa umda wesekethe, phakathi kwabo, inqanaba ngalinye linyusa uxinzelelo lwangoku Isekethe yokhuseleko ine-varistor ubuncinci kunye nezinto zokhuselo lokhuselo ezenza isebe lothotho.
6. Umkhuseli wokunyuka, ukubetha okuninzi kubandakanya umkhuseli we-ontology, kuchazwe ukumiselwa komkhuseli womzimba onesekethe yesigaba esithathu, isimilo sakhe: isigaba ngasinye sesekethe esichazwe kwisebe locingo elisekwe ubuncinci benqanaba kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo zokukhusela ukuphakama okuphezulu uxinzelelo lomothuko wokunciphisa umda wesekethe yokhuseleko, phakathi kwabo, inqanaba ngalinye liphuphuma uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe ine-varistor kunye nezinto zokukhusela ukhuseleko ezenza icandelo lesebe.
7. Ngokwamabango ama-6 okukhusela ukukhusela okukhuselekileyo, isimilo sakhe: isigaba ngasinye sesekethe esichazwe kwisebe le-waya elimise ngaphezulu kwe-multistage pulse yangoku yoxinzelelo lothintelo lokunciphisa ukhuseleko kwisekethe, inqanaba ngalinye lokutsala uxinzelelo lwangoku lotyando lokunciphisa umda wesekethe liqukethe ubuncinci I-varistor enye kunye nefussi yokwenza isebe lothotho lwe-pulse, enye yecandelo lokuqala le-varistor yesebe elisebenza ngevolthi yokusebenza ye-Utl, inqanaba lesibini ngaphezulu kwesebe le-varistor elisecaleni le-dc ombane osebenzayo we-U0 + Λ Un, η ye-1 ukuya kwi-9.
8. Ngokwibango i-7 pulse surge protector, isimilo sayo sikukuba: umkhuseli womzimba ukwachaze isiphaluka sokukhanya kwesekethe, isekethe yokukhanya kwesekethe yokukhanya ibandakanya ukukhanya kunye nokuqhelekileyo ukuxhathisa kwesebe, isekethe yesekethe edityaniswe kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuqala uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe phakathi kwe-varistor kunye nefuse fuse.
9. Ngokutsho kwebango le-6 yomkhuseli wokunyuka kwemiphunga emininzi, isimilo sakhe: umkhuseli womzimba naye uchazwa ngesokethi yonxibelelwano ekude.

Ngaphezulu kwe-10. Ngokutsho kwebango le-6 pulse surge protector, isimilo sayo: isebe le-zero line ye-ontology yomkhuseli ikwacwangciswa ubuncinci ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lokuqala lokutshitshiswa koxinzelelo lwangoku lokunciphisa umda wesekethe, phakathi kwabo, inqanaba ngalinye linyuke kakhulu ngoku Umothuko woxinzelelo ekunciphiseni isekethe yokukhusela iqulethe ubuncinci i-varistor kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo zokukhusela zenza isebe elicwangcisiweyo.