Iimfuneko zoFakelo loMbane, iMigaqo ye-IET yeWiring, uHlelo lweshumi elinesibhozo, i-BS 7671: 2018

Izixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs) kunye neMigaqo ye-18 yoHlelo

Ukufika koHlelo lwe-18 lwe-IET Regulations Wiring kuhlaziya kwakhona imeko yolawulo lweekhontrakthi zombane. Izixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo (ii-SPDs) ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukothuka kombane kunye nokubanamandla ombane agqithisileyo onakalisa ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo zombane.

Iimfuno zoHlelo lwe-18 zokuzikhusela

Ukufika koHlelo lwe-18 lwe-IET Regulations Wiring kuhlaziya kwakhona imeko yolawulo lweekhontrakthi zombane. Inani leendawo ezibalulekileyo ziye zaphicothwa zahlolwa; phakathi kwabo umba wokukhuselwa kokukhula kunye nezixhobo eziyilelwe ukunciphisa nayiphi na ingozi yomngcipheko wevolthi. Izixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo (ii-SPDs) ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukothuka kombane kunye nokubanamandla ombane agqithisileyo onakalisa ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo zombane. Ukuba isiganeko esingaphezulu kwamandla ombane senzeka, i-SPD iphambukisa ukuhamba okukhoyo okukhoyo ngoku emhlabeni.

Ummiselo 443.4 ufuna, (ngaphandle ngendawo yokuhlala enye apho ixabiso lilonke lofakelo kunye nezixhobo zalo lingathetheleli ukhuseleko olunjalo), olo khuselo kwimithambo engaphezulu okwexeshana inikiwe apho iziphumo zibangelwe kukungaphaya kwamandla ombane kunokubangela ukonzakala okukhulu, ukonakaliswa kweendawo ezibuthathaka ngokwenkcubeko, uphazamiso lonikezelo okanye luchaphazele inani elikhulu labantu abahlala kwindawo ekuhlalwa kuyo okanye ukulahleka kobomi.

Kufanelekile nini ukukhuselwa ngokhuseleko?

Kuko konke okunye ukufakelwa uvavanyo lomngcipheko kufuneka lwenziwe ukumisela ukuba ngaba ii-SPDs kufuneka zifakelwe na. Apho ukuvavanywa komngcipheko kungakhange kwenziwe, ii-SPDs kufuneka zifakwe. Ukufakelwa kombane kwiyunithi yokuhlala eyodwa akufuneki ukuba kufakwe ii-SPD, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo akunqandwanga kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwingxoxo nomthengi ezi zixhobo zifakelwe, ukunciphisa umngcipheko omkhulu onxulunyaniswa nokuhamba-hamba okwethutyana.

Le yinto yeekhontrakthi ebengakhange ikhe iyithathele ingqalelo ngaphambili, kwaye iya kufuna ukuthathelwa ingqalelo, kokubini ngexesha lokwabiwa kweprojekthi kunye nokongezwa kweendleko kumthengi. Nasiphi na isixhobo se-elektroniki sinokuba sesichengeni sokwehla ngaphezulu kwamandla ombane, anokubangelwa yimisebenzi yombane okanye isiganeko sokutshintsha. Oku kudala i-spike yevolthi eyonyusa ubungakanani bamaza ukuya kuthi ga kumawaka e volts. Oku kunokubangela ukonakala okubizayo nangoko nangoko okanye kunciphise kakhulu into ebomini.

Isidingo se-SPDs siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya inqanaba lokuvezwa kwesakhiwo kumbane oshukunyiswa ngumbane, ubuntununtunu kunye nexabiso lezixhobo, uhlobo lwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kufakelo, nokuba ngaba kukho izixhobo ngaphakathi kofakelo ezinokuthi zivelise amandla ombane. Ngelixa ukutshintsha koxanduva lovavanyo lomngcipheko oluwela kwikontraka kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungothuse kwabaninzi, ngokufikelela kwinkxaso echanekileyo banokuthi ngaphandle komthungo bahlanganise lo msebenzi kwindlela yabo yemveli yokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo emitsha.

Izixhobo zokuKhusela i-LSP

I-LSP inoluhlu lwe-1 kunye no-2 izixhobo zokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyayithobela imiGaqo ye-18th Edition. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwii-SPDs kunye nohambo lwee-LSP zombane: www.LSP-internationa.com

Ndwendwela uHlelo lwe-18 I-BS 7671: 2018 Isikhokelo sasimahla, esinokukhutshelwa kummiselo ophambili wotshintsho lwe-BS 76:71. Kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nokukhethwa kweRCD, ukuKhangela okungalunganga kweArc, uLawulo lweeCable, ukutshaja kweZithuthi zombane, kunye noKhuselo lweSurge. Khuphela ezi zikhokelo ngqo kuso nasiphi na isixhobo ukuze uzifunde naphi na naphi na.

Iimfuneko zoFakelo loMbane, iMigaqo ye-IET yeWiring, uHlelo lweshumi elinesibhozo, i-BS 7671: 2018

Imigaqo ye-WET yeWiring inomdla kubo bonke abo bachaphazelekayo kuyilo, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweentambo zombane kwizakhiwo. Oku kubandakanya abasebenza ngombane, iikontraki zombane, abacebisi, oogunyaziwe bengingqi, ovavanyo kunye nabayili bezakhiwo. Le ncwadi iya kuba nomdla nakwiinjineli eziqeqeshiweyo, kunye nabafundi baseyunivesithi nakwiikholeji zemfundo eqhubekayo.

Ushicilelo lwe-18th lwe-IET Wiring Regulations olwapapashwa ngoJulayi 2018 kwaye lwaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2019. Utshintsho kuhlelo lwangaphambili lubandakanya iimfuno ezibhekisele kwiiSurge Protection Devices, Arc Fault Detection Devices kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo zombane zokutshaja izithuthi kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi. .

Utshintsho lwe-18 luya kuwutshintsha njani umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kubafakeli zombane?

Ushicilelo lwe-18th lwemigaqo ye-IET Wiring ifikile, izisa uluhlu lwezinto ezintsha kubafakeli bombane ukuba bazi kwaye benze inxenye yosuku lwabo.

Ngoku sikwinyanga enye ukuya kwixesha lokuhlengahlengiswa kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuze abasebenza ngombane baqiniseke ukuba banayo yonke into efanelekileyo. Ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2019 ufakelo kufuneka luhambisane ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo emitsha, oko kuthetha ukuba wonke umsebenzi wombane owenzeka nge-31 kaDisemba 2018 kufuneka uthobele imigaqo emitsha.

Ngokuhambelana nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yakutshanje kunye neenkcukacha zobuchwephesha ezihlaziyiweyo, imigaqo emitsha ijolise ekwenzeni ufakelo lukhuseleke kubo bobabini oombane kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela, kunye nefuthe ekusebenzeni kwamandla.

Zonke iinguqu zibalulekile, nangona kunjalo sikhethe iingongoma ezine eziphambili esicinga ukuba zinomdla ngokukodwa:

1: Inkxaso yekhebula lensimbi

Imigaqo okwangoku ichaza ukuba kuphela ngentambo ebekwe kwiindlela zokuphuma emlilweni kufuneka ixhaswe ekuweni kwangoko kwimeko yomlilo. Imigaqo emitsha ngoku ifuna ukulungiswa kwesinyithi, endaweni yeplastiki, kusetyenziselwe ukuxhasa zonke iintambo lonke ufakelo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko kubahlali okanye abacimi-mlilo kwiintambo eziwayo ngenxa yokusilela kwentambo.

2: Ukufakwa kweArc Fault Detection Devices

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba izakhiwo zase-UK ngoku zinezixhobo zombane ezingaphezulu kunakuqala, kwaye imililo yombane yenzeka ngokulinganayo kwinqanaba lonyaka, ukufakelwa kweeArc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs) ukumodareyitha umngcipheko womlilo kwezinye iisekethe yaziswa.

Imililo yombane ebangelwa ziimpazamo ze-arc zihlala zenzeka ekuphelisweni okungalunganga, unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo, nangona indala kwaye isilela ukufakelwa okanye intambo eyonakeleyo. Ezi AFDD zinobuzaza zinokunciphisa ukubakho kwemililo yombane ebangelwa zii-arcs ngokufumanisa kwangoko kunye nokuzimela.

Ukufakwa kwe-AFDDs kwaqala e-US kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, kwaye kuye kwakho ukuncitshiswa kwemililo enxulumene noko malunga ne-10%.

Zonke iziseko ze-AC ezikalwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3A ngoku zifuna ukhuseleko lweRCD

Izixhobo ezishiyekileyo ezikhoyo (ii-RCDs) zihlala zijonga ukubakho kombane kwiisekethi abazikhuselayo kunye nokuhamba kwesekethe ukuba ukuhamba ngendlela engalindelekanga emhlabeni kufunyenwe-njengomntu.

Ezi zixhobo zokukhusela ubomi kunye nokuhlaziywa kokugcina ubomi. Ngaphambili, zonke iziseko ezazilinganisiwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20A zazifuna ukukhuselwa kwe-RCD, kodwa oku kwandisiwe kumzamo wokunciphisa umothuko wombane kubafakeli abasebenza ngeeziseko ze-AC eziphilayo. Iya kukhusela nomsebenzisi wokugqibela kwimeko apho intambo yonakele okanye inqunyulweyo kwaye abaqhubi ababukhoma banokuchaphazeleka ngengozi, babangele ukuba ngoku kungqukuqela emhlabeni.

Ukuthintela i-RCD ukuba ingoyiswa yile fomu yangoku yamaza, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kusetyenziswa i-RCD efanelekileyo.

4: Ukusebenza kwamandla

Uyilo lohlaziyo lwe-18th Edition luqulathe igatya ekusebenzeni kwamandla okulungiswa kombane. Kwinguqu yokugqibela epapashiweyo, oku kutshintshelwe ekubeni zizindululo ezizeleyo, ezifumaneka kwiSihlomelo 17. Oku kuyayiqonda imfuno yelizwe lonke yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi.

Iingcebiso ezitsha zisikhuthaza ukuba siwasebenzise ngokupheleleyo umbane, ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo.

Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo zokufaka ezihlaziyiweyo zinokufuna utyalomali kwizixhobo ezitsha, kunye noqeqesho oluthe kratya. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba, ukuba usebenza kwiprojekthi entsha yokwakha, umzekelo, abasebenza ngombane ngoku banamathuba okuthatha iindima eziphambili kwinkqubo yoyilo lwesakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi iyayithobela imigaqo emitsha

Uhlelo lwe-18 luzisa inkqubela phambili kufakelo olukhuselekileyo kunye neendawo ezikhuselekileyo zabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Siyazi ukuba iingcali zombane kwi-UK yonke zisebenza nzima ukulungiselela olu tshintsho kwaye sifuna ukwazi ukuba ucinga ukuba kuya kukuchaphazela njani kakhulu kunye nento oyenzayo ukwenza ukuba utshintsho lube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-BS 7671

Qinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wakho uyahlangabezana neemfuno zoMbane kwiMigaqo yoMsebenzi ka-1989.

I-BS 7671 (i-IET Wiring Regulations) iseta imigangatho yokufakwa kombane e-UK nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi. I-IET co-ipapasha i-BS 7671 kunye neBritish Standards Institution (BSI) kwaye inegunya kufakelo lombane.

Malunga ne-BS 7671

I-IET iqhuba ikomiti yeJPEL / 64, (ikomiti yeSizwe yokuLawulwa kweNgcingo), kunye nabameli abavela kuluhlu olubanzi lwemibutho yezoshishino. Ikomiti ithatha ulwazi lwebhodi kwiikomiti zamanye amazwe kunye neemfuno ezithile zase-UK, ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kulo lonke ushishino lombane lwase-UK.

Uhlelo lwe-18

Ummiselo we-18th Edition IET Regulations (BS 7671: 2018) upapashwe ngoJulayi 2018. Konke ukufakelwa kombane okutsha kuya kufuneka kuthobele i-BS 7671: 2018 ukusuka nge-1 kaJanuwari 2019.

Ukunceda ishishini lisebenzise iimfuno ze-BS 7671, kunye nokufumana ulwazi ngoHlelo lwe-18, i-IET ibonelela ngobutyebi bezixhobo, ezivela kwizikhokelo, iminyhadala noqeqesho, ukukhulula ulwazi olufana neMicimbi yeWiring Imagazini ekwi-Intanethi. Jonga iibhokisi ezingezantsi ngolwazi oluthe kratya kuluhlu lwezixhobo zethu.

Utshintsho lwe-18th edition

Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubonelela ngesishwankathelo sotshintsho oluphambili kwi-18th Edition ye-IET Regulations (epapasha nge-2 kaJulayi 2018). Olu luhlu aluphelelanga njengoko zininzi iinguqu ezincinci kwincwadi engafakwanga apha.

I-BS 7671: Iimfuno ze-2018 zoFakelo loMbane ziya kukhutshwa nge-2 kaJulayi 2018 kwaye kujongwe ukuba iqale ukusebenza nge-1 kaJanuwari 2019.

Ukufakwa okuyilelwe emva komhla wama-31 kuDisemba 2018 kuya kufuneka kuthobele i-BS 7671: 2018.

Imigaqo isebenza kuyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kofakelo lombane, kunye nezongezo kunye notshintsho kufakelo esele lukhona. Ukufakwa okukhoyo kufakelwe ngokungqinelana nokuhlelwa kwangaphambili kwale Migaqo akunako ukuthobela olu hlobo kuzo zonke iindlela. Oku akuthethi ukuba abakhuselekanga ekusebenziseni okuqhubekayo okanye bafuna ukuphuculwa.

Isishwankathelo sotshintsho oluphambili sinikwe apha ngezantsi. (Olu ayilo luhlu olupheleleyo).

Icandelo 1 Ububanzi, into kunye nemigaqo esisiseko

Ummiselo 133.1.3 (Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo) kulungisiwe kwaye ngoku kufuna ingxelo kwiSatifikethi sokuFakelwa kombane.

Icandelo 2 Iinkcazo

Iinkcazo zandisiwe zaguqulwa.

Isahluko 41 Ukukhuselwa kukothuka kombane

Icandelo 411 linenani lotshintsho olubalulekileyo. Ezinye zezona ziphambili zichaziwe apha ngezantsi:

Imibhobho yentsimbi engena kwisakhiwo enecandelo lokugquma kwindawo ekungenwa kuyo akufuneki ukuba iqhagamshelwe kukhuseleko lwe-equipotential bonding (Ummiselo 411.3.1.2).

Amaxesha okuphela konxibelelwano achazwe kwiTheyibhile 41.1 ngoku afaka isicelo kwiisekethe zokugqibela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-63 A ngesiseko esinye okanye nangaphezulu kunye ne-32 A yemijikelezo yokugqibela enikezela kuphela izixhobo ezisisigxina ezixhunyiwe zangoku (Ummiselo 411.3.2.2).

Ummiselo 411.3.3 uhlaziyiwe kwaye ngoku uyasebenza kwiindawo ezikhutshelweyo kunye nomgangatho wangoku ongadlulanga kuma-32A. Kukho okungafaniyo nokushiya ukhuseleko lwe-RCD apho, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, uvavanyo lomngcipheko olubhaliweyo lubonisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-RCD alunyanzelekanga.

Ummiselo omtsha 411.3.4 ufuna ukuba, ngaphakathi kumakhaya (asekhaya), ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo yi-RCD enentsalela yokusebenza yangoku engekho ngaphezulu kwe-30 mA iya kubonelelwa ngeesekethe zokugqibela ze-AC ezihambisa ukukhanya.

Ummiselo 411.4.3 uhlengahlengisiwe ukubandakanya ukuba akukho sixhobo sitshintshayo okanye sodwa siza kufakwa kumqhubi wePEN.

Imimiselo 411.4.4 kunye ne-411.4.5 yenziwe ngokutsha.

Imigaqo ngokubhekisele kwiinkqubo zeIT (411.6) zihlelwe ngokutsha. Imigaqo 411.6.3.1 kunye ne-411.6.3.2 icinyiwe kwaye i-411.6.4 yenziwa ngokutsha yaza yafakwa i-Regulation 411.6.5 entsha.

Iqela elitsha loMmiselo (419) lifakiwe apho ukunqunyulwa okuzenzekelayo ngokweMigaqo 411.3.2 kungenakwenzeka, njengezixhobo zombane ezinombane wesekethe emfutshane.

Isahluko 42 Ukukhuselwa kwiziphumo zokufudumeza

Ummiselo omtsha 421.1.7 wazisiwe ucebisa ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokufumanisa iimpazamo ze-arc (i-AFDDs) ukunciphisa umngcipheko womlilo kwiisekethi zokugqibela ze-AC zofakelo olusisigxina ngenxa yeziphumo zeempazamo ze-arc.

Ummiselo 422.2.1 uyilwe ngokutsha. Isalathiso seemeko BD2, BD3 kunye neBD4 icinyiwe. Kongezwe inqaku elichaza ukuba iintambo kufuneka zanelise iimfuno ze-CPR ngokubhekisele ekuphenduleni kwabo emlilweni nasekwenzeni isiHlomelo 2, into 17. Iimfuno zikwabandakanyiwe kwiintambo ezibonelela ngemijikelezo yokhuseleko.

Isahluko 44 Ukukhuselwa kuphazamiseko lwamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane

Icandelo 443, elijongana nokhuselo ngokuchaseneyo nemvelaphi yomoya okanye ngenxa yokutshintsha, iphinde yenziwa ngokutsha.

Iikhrayitheriya ze-AQ (iimeko zempembelelo yangaphandle yombane) yokumisela ukuba ngaba ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuhamba okungaphezulu kwexeshana kuyafuneka akusafuneki kwi-BS 7671. Endaweni yoko, ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokubaleka okwethutyana kufuneka kunikezelwe apho iziphumo zibangelwe kukugqitha kombane (jonga uMgaqo 443.4)

(a) kukhokelela ekonzakalisweni kakhulu, okanye ekulahlekelweni bubomi bomntu, okanye (b) kukhokelela ekuphazanyisweni kweenkonzo zikarhulumente / okanye ukonakala kwilifa lenkcubeko, okanye
(c) kunokubangela uphazamiseko kwezorhwebo okanye kwimizi-mveliso, okanye
(d) ichaphazela inani elikhulu labantu abahlala kunye.

Kuwo onke amanye amatyala, uvavanyo lomngcipheko kufuneka lwenziwe ukuze kufumaneke ukuba ngaba ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokubaleka okungaphaya kwexeshana luyafuneka.

Kukho ukungabikho kokungaboneleli ngokhuseleko kwindawo yokuhlala eyodwa kwiimeko ezithile.

Isahluko 46 Izixhobo zokuzahlula kunye nokutshintsha - Isahluko 46 esitsha saziswa.

Oku kujongana nokuzimela okuzenzekelayo kwendawo kunye nokude kunye nokutshintsha amanyathelo othintelo okanye wokususwa kweengozi ezinxulumene nokufakwa kombane okanye izixhobo zombane. Kwakhona, ukutshintshela kulawulo lweesekethe okanye izixhobo. Apho izixhobo ezisebenza ngombane ziphakathi komda we-BS EN 60204, kuphela ziimfuno zelo mgangatho ziyasebenza.

Isahluko 52 Ukukhethwa kunye nokwakhiwa kweenkqubo zeentambo

Ummiselo 521.11.201 onika iimfuno zeendlela zenkxaso yeenkqubo zeentambo kwiindlela zokuphuma, ithathelwe indawo nguMmiselo omtsha 521.10.202. Olu lutshintsho olubalulekileyo.

Ummiselo 521.10.202 ufuna ukuba iintambo zixhaswe ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene nokuwa kwazo phambi kwexesha xa kuthe kwakho umlilo. Oku kusebenza kulo lonke ufakelo kwaye hayi kwiindlela zokubaleka kuphela.

Ummiselo 522.8.10 ngokubhekisele kwiintambo ezingcwatyiweyo ulungisiwe ukuze ubandakanye ngaphandle kweentambo ze-SELV.

Ummiselo 527.1.3 ulungisiwe, kwaye inqaku longezwa ukuba iintambo kufuneka zanelise iimfuno zeCPR ngokubhekisele ekuphenduleni kwabo emlilweni.

Isahluko 53 Ukukhuselwa, ukubekwa ecaleni, ukutshintshwa, ulawulo kunye nokubeka iliso

Esi sahluko sihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye sijongana neemfuno ngokubanzi zokukhusela, ukubekwa ecaleni, ukutshintshwa, ulawulo kunye nokubeka iliso kunye neemfuno zokukhetha kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezibonelelweyo ukufezekisa loo misebenzi.

Icandelo lama-534 Izixhobo zokuzikhusela ngokuchaseneyo

Eli candelo ligxile ikakhulu kwiimfuno zokukhetha kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-SPDs zokuzikhusela ngokuchasene nokudlula okwethutyana apho kufunwa khona liCandelo 443, uthotho lwe-BS EN 62305, okanye njengoko kuchaziwe ngenye indlela.

Icandelo 534 lihlaziyiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lobuchwephesha lubhekisa kwiimfuno zokukhetha zenqanaba lokukhusela umbane.

Isahluko 54 Amalungiselelo endleko kunye neekhondaktha ezikhuselayo

Imigaqo emibini emitsha (542.2.3 kunye ne-542.2.8) yaziswa malunga ne-electrode zomhlaba.

Eminye imigaqo emibini emitsha (543.3.3.101 kunye no-543.3.3.102) sele ingenisiwe. Oku kunika iimfuno zokufakwa kwesixhobo esitshintshayo kumqhubi okhuselayo, umgaqo wokugqibela onxulumene neemeko apho ufakelo lubonelelwa luvela kwimithombo engaphezulu kwesinye yamandla.

Isahluko 55 Ezinye izixhobo

Ummiselo 550.1 wazisa umda omtsha.

Ummiselo omtsha 559.10 ubhekisa kwizikhanyisi ezifihliweyo emhlabeni, ukhetho kunye nolwakhiwo lwayo oluya kuthathela ingqalelo isikhokelo esinikwe kwiTheyibhile A.1 ye-BS EN 60598-2-13.

Icandelo 6 Uvavanyo kunye nokuvavanywa

Icandelo 6 lihlengahlengiswe ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanya nommiselo wenombolo wokungqinelana nomgangatho weCENELEC.

Izahluko 61, 62 no-63 zisusiwe kwaye okuqulathwe zezi zahluko kungoku nje kwenza iZahluko ezingama-64 nezama-65 ezintsha.

Icandelo 704 lolwakhiwo kunye nokudilizwa kwesiza

Eli candelo liqulethe inani lotshintsho oluncinci, kubandakanya iimfuno zempembelelo zangaphandle (uMmiselo 704.512.2), kunye nokuguqulwa kuMmiselo 704.410.3.6 malunga nenqanaba lokhuselo lokwahlukana kombane.

Icandelo 708 Ukufakwa kombane kwiikharavani / kwiipaki zeenkampu nakwiindawo ezifanayo

Eli candelo liqulathe inani lotshintsho kubandakanya iimfuno zokuphuma kwesokethi, ukhuseleko lweRCD, kunye neemeko zokusebenza kunye neempembelelo zangaphandle.

Icandelo 710 Iindawo zonyango

Eli candelo liqulathe inani lotshintsho oluncinci kubandakanya ukususwa kweTheyibhile 710, kunye notshintsho kwiMigaqo 710.415.2.1 ukuya ku-710.415.2.3 ngokubhekisele kwi-equipotential bonding.

Ukongeza, uMmiselo omtsha 710.421.1.201 uxela iimfuno ngokubhekisele kufakelo lwee-AFDD.

Icandelo 715 Ufakelo lombane olongezelelekileyo

Eli candelo liqulethe kuphela utshintsho oluncinci kubandakanya ukulungiswa kuMmiselo 715.524.201.

Icandelo 721 Ukufakwa kombane kwiikharavani nakwiikharavani zeemoto

Eli candelo liqulathe inani lotshintsho kubandakanya ukwahlulwa kombane, ii-RCDs, ukusondela kwiinkonzo ezingezizo zombane kunye neekhondaktha zokuqinisa ukhuseleko.

Icandelo lama-722 ufakelo lwezithuthi zombane

Eli candelo liqulethe utshintsho olukhulu kuMmiselo 722.411.4.1 malunga nokusetyenziswa konikezelo lwe-PME.

Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka ngokufanelekileyo kususwe.

Utshintsho lwenziwe kwiimfuno zempembelelo zangaphandle, ii-RCDs, iindawo zokufaka isokethi kunye nezihlanganisi.

Icandelo 730 iiyunithi ezingaselunxwemeni zonxibelelwano lombane kunxweme lweenqanawa

Eli licandelo elitsha ngokupheleleyo kwaye lisebenza kufakelo lonxweme olunikezelwe kunikezelo lwemikhumbi yokuhamba ngenqanawa ngaphakathi kwiinjongo zorhwebo nezolawulo, ezixineneyo kumazibuko nakwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba.

Uninzi, ukuba ayisiyiyo yonke, yamanyathelo asetyenzisiweyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwii-marinas asebenza ngokulinganayo kunxibelelwano lwaselunxwemeni lombane kwimikhumbi yokuhamba ngenqanawa ngaphakathi. Omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokunikezelwa kweenqanawa kumgangatho oqhelekileyo waselwandle kunye nonxibelelwano lombane kunxweme lokuhamba ngeenqanawa bubungakanani bonikezelo olufunekayo.

Icandelo 753 Iinkqubo zokufudumeza umgangatho nophahla

Eli candelo lihlaziyiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ubungakanani beCandelo 753 bandisiwe ukuze busebenze kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza umbane ezifakwe kumbane wobushushu.

Ezi mfuno zisebenza nakwiinkqubo zokufudumeza ngombane ukulungiselela ukukhutshwa komkhenkce okanye uthintelo lweqabaka okanye usetyenziso olufanayo, kwaye zigubungela zombini iinkqubo zangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Iinkqubo zokufudumeza izicelo zeshishini kunye nezorhwebo ezithobela i-IEC 60519, IEC 62395 kunye ne-IEC 60079 azikho.

Izihlomelo

Olu tshintsho lulandelayo lwenziwe ngaphakathi kwezihlomelo

Isihlomelo 1 Imigangatho yaseBritane ekubhekiswa kuyo kwiMigaqo ibandakanya utshintsho oluncinci, kunye nezongezo.

Isihlomelo 3 Ixesha / iimpawu zangoku zezixhobo ezikhuselayo ezigqithisileyo kunye nee-RCD

Umxholo wangaphambili weSihlomelo 14 ngokubhekisele kwimpazamo yempazamo yomhlaba idluliselwe kwisiHlomelo 3.

Isihlomelo 6 Iifom zemodeli zokuqinisekiswa kunye nokwenza ingxelo

Esi sihlomelo siquka utshintsho oluncinci kwizatifikethi, utshintsho kuhlolo (lomsebenzi omtsha wofakelo kuphela) kumakhaya nakwizakhiwo ezifanayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yokubonelelwa, kunye nemizekelo yezinto ezifuna ukuhlolwa kwengxelo yemeko yofakelo lombane.

Isihlomelo 7 (Enolwazi) Imibala engqameneyo yemibala yekhebula

Esi sihlomelo siquka kuphela utshintsho oluncinci.

Isihlomelo 8 Ukuthwala okwangoku kunye nokwehla kwamandla ombane

Esi sihlomelo siquka utshintsho olumalunga nemiba yokureyitha kwimithwalo ekhoyo ngoku.

Isihlomelo 14 Ukuchongwa kwempazamo ekhoyo ngoku

Umxholo weSihlomelo 14 ngokubhekisele kwimpazamo yempazamo yomhlaba idluliselwe kwisiHlomelo 3. IsiHlomelo 14 ngoku sinolwazi malunga nokuchazwa kwempazamo ekhoyo.

Isihlomelo 17 Ukusebenza kwamandla

Esi sisihlomelo esitsha esibonelela ngezindululo zoyilo nolwakhiwo lofakelo lombane kubandakanya ufakelo olunemveliso yendawo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kombane ngokukuko.

Iingcebiso ngaphakathi kwesi sihlomelo zisebenza kufakelo olutsha lombane kunye nokuguqulwa kofakelo lombane olukhoyo ngoku. Uninzi lwesi sihlomelo aluyi kusebenza kufakelo lwasekhaya nolunye olufanayo.

Kujongwe ukuba esi sihlomelo sifundwe ngokudibeneyo ne-BS IEC 60364-8-1, xa yapapashwa ngo-2018

Imigaqo ye-IET Wiring ifuna zonke iinkqubo zoyilo zombane ezintsha kunye nofakelo, kunye notshintsho kunye nokongezwa kufakelo esele lukhona, ukuba kuvavanywe umngcipheko we-overvoltage yomzuzwana kwaye, apho kukho imfuneko, kukhuselwe kusetyenziswa amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo (ngohlobo lwezixhobo zoKhuselo lweSurge SPDs ).

Ingeniso yokhuselo lwexesha elidlulileyo
Ngokusekwe kuthotho lwe-IEC 60364, uHlelo lwe-18th lwe-BS 7671 ye-Wiring regulation igubungela ukufakelwa kombane kwezakhiwo kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kokukhusela.

Ushicilelo lwe-18 lwe-BS 7671 lusebenza kuyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kofakelo lombane, kunye nokongezwa kunye notshintsho kufakelo esele lukhona. Ufakelo olukhoyo olufakelwe ngokungqinelana namahlelo angaphambili e-BS 7671 alunakuthobela ushicilelo lwe-18 ngandlela zonke. Oku akuthethi ukuba abakhuselekanga ekusebenziseni okuqhubekayo okanye bafuna ukuphuculwa.

Uhlaziyo oluphambili kuHlelo lwe-18 lunxulumene neCandelo lama-443 nelama-534, elichaphazela ukukhuselwa kweenkqubo zombane kunye neze-elektroniki ngokuchasene nokuhamba kwamandla okwexeshana, nokuba kungenxa yemvelaphi yomoya (umbane) okanye imisitho yokutshintsha kombane. Ngokusisiseko, uHlelo lwe-18 lufuna yonke uyilo lwenkqubo entsha yombane kunye nofakelo, kunye notshintsho kunye nokongezwa kufakelo esele lukhona, ukuze kuvavanywe umngcipheko we-overvoltage yomzuzwana kwaye, apho kukho imfuneko, kukhuselwe kusetyenziswa amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo (ngohlobo lwee-SPDs).

Ngaphakathi kwe-BS 7671:
Icandelo 443: ichaza iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo lomngcipheko ngokuchasene nomthamo odlulileyo ongaphaya, kuthathelwa ingqalelo unikezelo kubume, izinto ezinobungozi kunye nomlinganiso wempembelelo yokulinganisa kwezixhobo

Icandelo 534: iinkcukacha zokukhethwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-SPD ukulungiselela ukukhuselwa kwamandla okuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kubandakanya nohlobo lwe-SPD, ukusebenza kunye nokulungelelanisa

Abafundi besi sikhokelo kufuneka basikhumbule isidingo sokukhusela yonke imigca engenayo yenkonzo yentsimbi ngokuchasene nomngcipheko weethambo ezihamba ngaphezulu.

I-BS 7671 ibonelela ngesikhokelo esigxile kuvavanyo nakukhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki ezijolise ekufakweni kumbane wombane wombane.

Ukujonga umxholo woKhuseleko loMbane kwi-LPZ ngaphakathi kwe-BS 7671 kunye ne-BS EN 62305, zonke ezinye iindlela zentsimbi ezingenayo, ezinje ngedatha, uphawu kunye nomnxeba wonxibelelwano, ikwayindlela enokuthi idlule kwimithamo yexeshana yokonakalisa izixhobo. Kananjalo yonke loo migca iya kufuna ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo.

I-BS 7671 ikhomba ngokucacileyo umfundi kwi-BS EN 62305 kunye ne-BS EN 61643 kwisikhokelo esithile. Oku kugutyungelwe ngokubanzi kwisikhokelo se-LSP kwi-BS EN 62305 yoKhuselo ngokuchasene noMbane.

KUBALULEKILE: Izixhobo zikhuselwe KUPHELA kwimithambo engaphezulu okwexeshana ukuba zonke iingcingo ezingenayo / eziphumayo kunye nolayini wedatha banokhuselo olufanelekileyo.

Ukhuseleko lwexeshana lokukhuseleka Ukukhusela iinkqubo zakho zombane

Kutheni le nto ukhuseleko lwexesha elidlulileyo lubaluleke kangaka?

Amanqwanqwa okudlula okwexeshana ngamaxesha amatsha okunyusa amandla ombane phakathi kweekhondaktha ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu (i-L-PE, i-LN okanye i-N-PE), enokufikelela kwi-6 kV kwimigca yamandla e-Vac engama-230, kwaye ngokubanzi isiphumo sivela:

• Imvelaphi yomoya (imisebenzi yombane ngokudibanisa okanye ngokudibanisa, kunye / okanye ukutshintsha kombane kwemithwalo enomdla
• Okwexeshana ngaphezulu kweevolthi zomonakalo omkhulu kwaye zihlaziya iinkqubo ze-elektroniki. Umonakalo ocacileyo kwiinkqubo ezibuthathaka zombane, ezinje

iikhompyuter njl.njl., zenzeka xa i-voltage yexeshana phakathi kwe-L-PE okanye i-N-PE idlula kumandla ombane wezixhobo zombane (okt ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 kV yezixhobo zeCandelo I ukuya kwi-BS 7671 Itheyibhile 443.2). Umonakalo wezixhobo ukhokelela ekusileleni okungalindelekanga kunye nexesha lokuphumla elinamaxabiso aphezulu, okanye umngcipheko womlilo / wothuko lombane ngenxa yeflashover, ukuba ubushushu buyehla. Ukonakaliswa kweenkqubo ze-elektroniki, nangona kunjalo, kuqala kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu ogqithiso kwaye kunokubangela ilahleko yedatha, ukuphuma kwamakhefu kunye nezixhobo ezifutshane zobomi. Apho ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kweenkqubo ze-elektroniki kubalulekile, umzekelo kwizibhedlele, ezasebhankini nakwezona nkonzo zikarhulumente, ukuthotywa kwesidima kufuneka kuthintelwe ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zigqithisileyo, zenzeka phakathi kwe-LN, zilinganiselwe ngaphantsi kokuzikhusela kwimpembelelo yezixhobo. Oku kungabalwa ngokuphindwe kabini kumandla ombane wokusebenza wombane, ukuba awaziwa (okt malunga ne-715 V yeenkqubo ezingama-230 V). Ukukhuselwa kwimithambo engaphezulu okwexeshana kunokufezekiswa ngokufakwa kweseti ye-SPDs kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo kwinkqubo yombane, ngokuhambelana ne-BS 7671 yeCandelo 534 kunye nesikhokelo esibonelelwe kolu papasho. Ukukhetha ii-SPDs ezinamanqanaba asezantsi (okt angcono) okhuseleko lwamandla ombane (U_P) yinto ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi apho ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kubalulekile.

Imizekelo yeemfuno zokukhusela i-overvoltage kwiimfuno ze-BS 7671

Ukujongisisa ubungozi
Ngokubhekisele kwiCandelo 443, indlela epheleleyo yovavanyo lomngcipheko ye-BS EN 62305-2 kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukufakelwa umngcipheko omkhulu njengendawo yenyukliya okanye iisayithi zemichiza apho iziphumo zokuhamba ngaphezulu kwamandla zingakhokelela kuqhushumbo, ikhemikhali eyingozi okanye ukukhutshwa kweeradio ngaloo echaphazela okusingqongileyo.

Ngaphandle kofakelo lomngcipheko omkhulu, ukuba kukho umngcipheko wesitrayikhi sombane ngqo kulwakhiwo ngokwalo okanye kwimigca engaphezulu kulwakhiwo lwee-SPD ziya kufuneka ngokungqinelana ne-BS EN 62305.

Icandelo 443 lithatha indlela ethe ngqo yokukhuselwa kwimithambo engaphezulu kwexeshana emiselwe ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezibangelwe kukungazinzi ngokweTafile yoku-1 ngasentla.

Inqanaba loMngcipheko we-CRL-BS 7671
I-BS 7671 igatya 443.5 lamkela uhlobo olulula lovavanyo lomngcipheko olufunyenwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo kunye nobunzima lomngcipheko we-BS EN 62305-2. Ifomula elula isetyenziselwa ukumisela inqanaba lomngcipheko we-CRL.

I-CRL ibonwa kakuhle njengemeko enokwenzeka okanye ithuba lofakelo oluchaphazeleka kukudlula kwi-voltages ezidlulileyo kwaye ke isetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba ngaba ukhuseleko lwe-SPD luyafuneka na.

Ukuba ixabiso leCRL lingaphantsi kwe-1000 (okanye ngaphantsi kwe-1 kumathuba ali-1000) kuya kubakho ukhuseleko lwe-SPD. Ngokufanayo ukuba ixabiso leCRL li-1000 okanye ngaphezulu (okanye likhulu kune-1 kwithuba le-1000) ke ukhuseleko lwe-SPD aludingeki kufakelo.

I-CRL ifunyanwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
I-CRL = f_Env / (L_P x N_g)

phi:

• f_Env yinto yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nexabiso f_Env ziya kukhethwa ngokweTheyibhile 443.1
• L_P ubude bokuvavanya umngcipheko kwi-km
• N_g ngumbane osisibane emhlabeni (ubaneka nge-km² ngonyaka) efanelekileyo kwindawo yentambo yombane kunye nolwakhiwo oluxhunyiwe

F_Env Ixabiso lisekwe kwimeko yolwakhiwo okanye indawo. Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni okanye ezisezidolophini, izakhiwo zide zodwa kwaye ke ngoko zichaneke ngakumbi kwimithambo yemvelaphi yomoya xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ezakhiweyo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini.

Ubude bovavanyo lobungozi kwi-LP
Ubude bovavanyo lobungozi kwi-LP bubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
L_P = 2 iilitha_Pal +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_PAH + 0.2 L_PCH (km)

phi:

• L_Pal ubude (km) bomgca wee-voltage ezisezantsi
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bekhebuli yamandla ombane aphantsi komhlaba
• L_PAH ubude (km) bomgca wee-voltage eziphezulu
• L_PCH ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphezulu aphantsi komhlaba

Ubude bebonke (L_Pal +L_I-PCL +L_PAH +L_PCH) Inikwe umda kwi-1 km, okanye ngomgama ukusuka kwisixhobo sokuqala sokukhusela i-overvoltage efakwe kwinethiwekhi yamandla e-HV (jonga inani) kwimvelaphi yofakelo lombane, nokuba yeyiphi encinci.

Ukuba ubude benethiwekhi yokuhambisa abaziwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye emva koko uL_Pal iya kuthathwa ilingane nomgama oshiyekileyo ukufikelela kubude be-1 km iyonke. Umzekelo, ukuba waziwa kuphela umgama wekhebula elingaphantsi komhlaba (umz. I-100 m), eyona nto inzima kakhulu kuL_Pal iya kuthathwa ngokulingana ne-900 m. Umzekeliso wofakelo obonisa ubude obuza kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubonisiwe kumzobo 04 (Umzobo 443.3 we-BS 7671). Ixabiso elisezantsi lokukhanya kwe-N_g

Ixabiso lexineneyo yomhlaba u-N_g ingathathwa kwimephu yombane yokukhanya kwe-UK kuMzobo 05 (Umzobo 443.1 we-BS 7671) -mane ubone ukuba indawo esikuyo phi kwaye ukhethe ixabiso likaNg usebenzisa isitshixo. Umzekelo, i-Nottingham esembindini inexabiso le-Ng ye-1. Kunye nomba wokusingqongileyo f_Env, ubude bokuvavanywa komngcipheko uL_P, uN_g Ixabiso lingasetyenziselwa ukugqibezela idatha yefomula yokubala kwexabiso leCRL kwaye umisele ukuba ngaba ukhuseleko lwevoltage luyafuneka okanye alufuneki.

Imephu yase-UK yombane yokukhanya kwe-flash (Umzobo 05) kunye nesishwankathelo sokuhamba (Umzobo 06) ukunceda inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweCandelo 443 (isikhokelo kwiindidi zesikhokelo se-SPD kwiCandelo 534) silandelayo. Eminye imizekelo yokubalwa komngcipheko ikwabonelelwe.

Uvavanyo lomngcipheko itshathi yokuhamba kwesigqibo se-SPD yofakelo ngaphakathi komda wale BS 7671 18th Edition

Imizekelo yenqanaba lomngcipheko elibaliweyo lokusetyenziswa kwee-SPD (BS 7671 isiHlomelo A443).

Umzekelo 1 - Ukwakha okusingqongileyo emaphandleni kwiiNots umbane ezibonelelwa yimigca engaphezulu eyi-0.4 km ilayini ye-LV kunye ne-0.6 km ngumda we-HV Ground flash density Ng ye-central Notts = 1 (ukusuka kuMzobo 05 UK imephu yokuxinana kwefleshi).

Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo f_Env = 85 (yemeko-bume yasemaphandleni - jonga kuLuhlu 2) Uvavanyo lomngcipheko ubude L_P

• L_P = 2 iilitha_Pal +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_PAH + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = (2 × 0.4) + (0.4 × 0.6)
• L_P  = 1.04

phi:

• L_Pal ubude (km) bomgca ombane ophantsi ombane = 0.4
• L_PAH ubude (km) bomgca wee-voltage eziphezulu = 0.6
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphantsi komhlaba = 0
• LP_CH ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphezulu aphantsi komhlaba = 0

Inqanaba lomngcipheko obaliweyo (CRL)

• I-CRL = f_Env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 85 / (1.04 × 1)
• I-CRL = 81.7

Kule meko, ukhuseleko lwe-SPD luya kufakwa njengoko ixabiso leCRL lingaphantsi kwe-1000.

Umzekelo 2 -Ukwakha kubume beedolophu ezikumantla eCumbria kubonelelwa ngeHV yangaphantsi kwentambo Ground flash density N_g emantla eCumbria = 0.1 (ukusuka kuMzobo 05 imephu yexinaniso ye-UK) Indalo esingqongileyo f_Env = 85 (kwimo engqonge iidolophu- jonga kwiTheyibhile 2)

Ubude bovavanyo lobungozi L_P

• L_P = 2 iilitha_Pal +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_PAH + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = 0.2x1
• L_P = 0.2

phi:

• L_Pal ubude (km) bomgca ombane ophantsi ombane = 0
• L_PAH ubude (km) bomgca wee-voltage eziphezulu = 0
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphantsi komhlaba = 0
• L_PCH ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphezulu aphantsi komhlaba = 1

Inqanaba lomngcipheko obaliweyo (CRL)

• I-CRL = f_Env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 85 / (0.2 × 0.1)
• I-CRL = 4250

Kule meko, ukhuseleko lwe-SPD akuyomfuneko njengoko ixabiso leCRL likhulu kune-1000.

Umzekelo 3 -Ukwakha kwindawo esezidolophini ebekwe emazantsi eShropshire - iinkcukacha zonikezelo ezingaziwa Ground flash density N_g kumazantsi eShropshire = 0.5 (ukusuka kuMzobo 05 imephu yexinaniso ye-UK). Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo f_Env = 850 (yemo engqongileyo edolophini - jonga kwitheyibhile 2) Uvavanyo lomngcipheko ubude L_P

• L_P = 2 iilitha_Pal +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_PAH + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = (2 x 1)
• L_P = 2

phi:

• L_Pal ubude (km) bomgca ombane ophantsi ombane = 1 (iinkcukacha zesibonelelo sonikezelo asaziwa-ubuninzi be-1 km)
• L_PAH ubude (km) bomgca wee-voltage eziphezulu = 0
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphantsi komhlaba = 0
• L_PCH ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphezulu aphantsi komhlaba = 0

Inqanaba loMngcipheko we-CRL

• I-CRL = f_Env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 850 / (2 × 0.5)
• I-CRL = 850

Kule meko, ukhuseleko lwe-SPD luya kufakwa njengoko ixabiso leCRL lingaphantsi kwe-1000. Umzekelo 4 -Ukwakha kwindawo esezidolophini ebekwe eLondon kubonelelwa ngentambo ye-LV phantsi komhlaba_g yeLondon = 0.8 (ukusuka kuMzobo 05 UK imephu yoxinaniso lwefleshi) Imeko yendalo f_Env = 850 (yemo engqongileyo edolophini - jonga kwitheyibhile 2) Uvavanyo lomngcipheko ubude L_P

• L_P = 2 iilitha_Pal +L_I-PCL + 0.4 L_PAH + 0.2 L_PCH
• L_P = 1

phi:

• L_Pal ubude (km) bomgca ombane ophantsi ombane = 0
• L_PAH ubude (km) bomgca wee-voltage eziphezulu = 0
• L_I-PCL ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphantsi komhlaba = 1
• L_PCH ubude (km) bamandla ombane aphezulu aphantsi komhlaba = 0

Inqanaba lomngcipheko obaliweyo (CRL)

• I-CRL = f_Env / (L_P × N._g)
• I-CRL = 850 / (1 × 0.8)
• I-CRL = 1062.5

Kule meko, ukhuseleko lwe-SPD akuyomfuneko njengoko ixabiso leCRL likhulu kune-1000.

Ukhuseleko lwexeshana lokukhuselwa okukhethiweyo kwe-SPDs ukuya kwi-BS 7671

Ukukhethwa kwe-SPDs kwi-BS 7671
Umda weCandelo 534 le-BS 7671 kukufezekisa umda wevolthi kwiinkqubo zamandla e-AC ukufumana ulungelelwaniso lokugquma, ngokuhambelana neCandelo 443, kunye neminye imigangatho, kubandakanya i-BS EN 62305-4.

Ukuncitshiswa kwe-overvoltage kufezekiswa ngokufakwa kwee-SPD ngokweengcebiso kwiCandelo 534 (yeenkqubo zamandla e-AC), kunye ne-BS EN 62305-4 (yamanye amandla kunye nedatha, uphawu okanye imigca yonxibelelwano).

Ukukhethwa kwee-SPD kufuneka kufezekise ukusikelwa umda kokuhamba okungaphezulu okwethutyana kwemvelaphi yomoya, kunye nokukhuselwa kukudlula kwexeshana okubangelwe yimibane ngqo okanye uqhwithela lombane kwindawo ekufuphi nesakhiwo esikhuselwe yiNkqubo yoKhuselo loMbane.

Ukhetho lwe-SPD
Ii-SPD kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemiqathango ilandelayo:

• Inqanaba lokukhusela i-Voltage (U_P)
• Amandla ombane aqhubekayo (U_C)
• Ukugqitha kwexeshana (U_KUVELA)
• Ukukhutshwa ngegama ngoku (I_n) kunye nempembelelo yangoku (I_imp)
• Impazamo ekhoyo ngoku kunye nokulandela ukuphazamiseka kwinqanaba elilandelayo

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukhetho lwe-SPD linqanaba lokukhusela i-voltage (U_P). Inqanaba lokhuseleko lwevolthi ye-SPD (U_P) kufuneka ibesezantsi kunevolthi yokunyanzeliswa komyinge (U_WIzixhobo zombane ezikhuselweyo (ezichazwe ngaphakathi kwiTheyibhile 443.2), okanye ngokuqhubekekayo kokusebenza kwesixhobo esibalulekileyo, ukukhuselwa ngamandla kwaso.

Apho kungaziwa, ukukhuselwa komzimba kungabalwa njengokuphinda kabini amandla ombane wenkqubo yombane (okt malunga ne-715 V yeenkqubo ezingama-230 V). Izixhobo ezingabalulekanga ezidityaniswe kufakelo lombane olungagungqiyo lwe-230/400 V (umzekelo inkqubo ye-UPS) iya kufuna ukukhuselwa yi-SPD ene-U_P isezantsi kuneCandelo II elilinganise amandla ombane (2.5 kV). Izixhobo ezibuthathaka, ezinje ngeelaptops kunye neePC, ziya kufuna ukhuseleko lwe-SPD kwiCandelo I elilinganise amandla ombane (1.5 kV).

La manani kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo njengokufikelela kwinqanaba elincinci lokhuseleko. Ii-SPD ezinamanqanaba asezantsi okhuselo lwevolthi (U_P) unikezele ngokhuseleko olungcono, ngokuthi:

• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko ukusuka kwi-voltages ezongeziweyo kwi-SPD yokudibanisa
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko osuka kumandla ombane asezantsi emlanjeni anokufikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-U ye-SPD_P kwiiterminal zezixhobo
• Ukugcina uxinzelelo lwezixhobo kubuncinci, kunye nokuphucula ixesha lokusebenza

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, i-SPD ephuculweyo (i-SPD * ukuya kwi-BS EN 62305) iya kuthi ngokufanelekileyo ihlangabezane neenqobo zokukhetha, njengoko ii-SPD zibonelela ngamanqanaba okhuselo lwevolthi (U_P) isezantsi kakhulu kunesixhobo somonakalo kwaye ngenxa yoko sisebenza ngakumbi ekuphumezeni imeko ekhuselayo. Ngokwe-BS EN 62305 nganye, zonke ii-SPD ezifakiweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-BS 7671 ziya kuthi zihambelane nemveliso kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo (BS EN 61643 uthotho).

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-SPD esemgangathweni, ii-SPDs eziphuculweyo zibonelela ngezixhobo zobugcisa nezoqoqosho:

• Ukudityaniswa okudityanisiweyo kwe-equipotential kunye nokukhuselwa kwexesha elingaphezulu kokhuseleko (Uhlobo 1 + 2 kunye nohlobo 1 + 2 + 3)
• Imowudi epheleleyo (imo eqhelekileyo neyantlukwano) ukukhuselwa, kubalulekile ukukhusela izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka kuzo zonke iintlobo zovalo lwethutyana - umbane kunye nokutshintsha kunye
• Ulungelelwaniso lwe-SPD olusebenzayo ngaphakathi kweyunithi enye xa kuthelekiswa nokufakwa kohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-SPD ukukhusela izixhobo zokuphela

Ukuthotyelwa kwe-BS EN 62305 / BS 7671, i-BS 7671 Icandelo lama-534 kugxile kwisikhokelo kukhetho kunye nokufakwa kwee-SPDs ukunciphisa umda wexesha elidlulileyo kunikezelo lwamandla e-AC. I-BS 7671 Icandelo lama-443 lithetha ukuba okwexeshana okwexeshana okuhanjiswe yinkqubo yokuhanjiswa konikezelo akubonakaliswanga ncam kumazantsi omhlaba kufakelo uninzi lwe-BS 7671 Icandelo 534 ke ngoko icebisa ukuba ii-SPD zifakwe kwiindawo eziphambili kwinkqubo yombane:

• Isondele kakhulu kwimvelaphi yofakelo (ihlala ikwibhodi yokuhambisa ephambili emva kwemitha)
• Isondele kakhulu kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka (inqanaba lokusasaza), kunye nasekhaya kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo

Ukufakwa kwinkqubo ye-230/400 V TN-CS / TN-S usebenzisa ii-LSP SPDs, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-BS 7671.

Ukhuseleko olusebenzayo luquka njani ukungena kwenkonzo ye-SPD ukuguqula umbane wamandla aphezulu emhlabeni, kulandele ii-SPDs ezilungelelanisiweyo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ukukhusela izixhobo ezibuthathaka nezibalulekileyo.

Ukukhetha ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo
Ii-SPD zihlelwa ngohlobo ngaphakathi kwe-BS 7671 kulandela iikhrayitheriya esekwe kwi-BS EN 62305.

Apho isakhiwo sibandakanya i-LPS yolwakhiwo, okanye iinkonzo zonxibelelwano zentsimbi ezisemngciphekweni ovela kugwayimbo ngqo, kufuneka kufakelwe izixhobo ze-SPDs (Uhlobo 1 okanye uhlobo oludibeneyo 1 + 2) ekungeneni kwenkonzo, ukususa umngcipheko we-flashover.

Ukufakwa kohlobo lwe-1 SPDs kuphela kodwa kungaboneleli ngokhuseleko kwiinkqubo zombane. Ukudlula kwi-SPDs yethutyana (Uhlobo lwe-2 kunye nohlobo lwe-3, okanye uhlobo oludibeneyo 1 + 2 + 3 kunye nohlobo 2 + 3) ke ngoko kufuneka ifakwe ezantsi ekungeneni kwenkonzo. Ezi SPDs ziyaqhubeka zikhusela ngokuchasene nezo zinto zigqithisileyo zexeshana ezibangelwe ngumbane ongathanga ngqo (ngokudibanisa okanye ngokudibanisa ngokudibeneyo) kunye nokutshintsha kombane kwemithwalo enomdla.

Uhlobo oluhlanganisiweyo lwe-SPDs (ezinje nge-LSP FLP25-275 uthotho) yenza lula inkqubo yokhetho lwe-SPD, nokuba uyifaka ekungeneni kwenkonzo okanye ezantsi kumatshini wombane.

Uluhlu lwe-LSP lwee-SPD izisombululo ezomeleziweyo kwi-BS EN 62305 / BS 7671.
Uluhlu lwe-LSP lwee-SPDs (amandla, idatha kunye nomnxeba) zichazwe ngokubanzi kuzo zonke izicelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo ze-elektroniki eziphambili. Ziyinxalenye yesisombululo esipheleleyo sokukhusela umbane kwi-BS EN 62305. I-LSP FLP12,5 kunye ne-FLP25 iimveliso ze-SPD zezixhobo zohlobo lwe-1 + 2, ezenza ukuba zilungele ukufakwa ekungeneni kwenkonzo, ngelixa zinika amanqanaba aphezulu okhuselo lwevolthi (eyonyuswe kwi-BS. EN 62305) phakathi kwabo bonke abaqhubi okanye iindlela. Ubume besimo esisebenzayo sazisa umsebenzisi nge:

• Ukuphela kwamandla
• Ukuphulukana nenqanaba
• Ukugqithisa kombane we-NE
• Ukhuseleko oluncitshisiweyo

I-SPD kunye nenqanaba lokubonelela linokubekwa esweni ukude ngonxibelelwano olungena-volt.

I-LSP SLP40 yamandla e-SPD Iindleko zokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo kwi-BS 7671

Uluhlu lwe-LSP SLP40 lwee-SPD zincoma izisombululo zemveliso kaloliwe ye-DIN ezibonelela ngendleko zokhuselo olusebenzayo kufakelo lwezorhwebo, lweshishini nolwekhaya.

• Xa elinye icandelo lonakalisiwe, isalathiso soomatshini siya kutshintshela kuluhlaza sibe bomvu, sibangele uqhakamshelwano lwasimahla
• Okwangoku imveliso kufuneka itshintshwe, kodwa umsebenzisi usenokhuselo ngexesha loku-odola kunye nenkqubo yokufaka
• Xa omabini amacandelo onakele, ukuphela kwesalathiso sobomi kuya kuba bomvu ngokupheleleyo

Ukufakwa kwe-SPDs Icandelo 534, BS 7671
Ubude obubalulekileyo beekhondaktha ezixhumayo
I-SPD efakiweyo iya kuhlala inika amandla aphezulu ombane kwizixhobo xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba lokhuseleko lwamandla ombane (UP) elichazwe kwiphepha ledatha lomenzi, ngenxa yamandla ombane ongezelelweyo okuhla kwamandla ombane kubaqhubi kwizikhokelo zokudibanisa ze-SPD.

Ke ngoko, kulondolozo lwexesha elide lokubaleka kugqithise kwii-SPD's ii-conductor conductor kufuneka zigcinwe zimfutshane kangangoko. I-BS 7671 ichaza ukuba ii-SPDs ezifakwe ngokudibeneyo (shunt), ubude obupheleleyo bokukhokela phakathi komqhubi wenqanawa, umqhubi okhuselayo kunye ne-SPD ekukhethwa ukuba ingagqithi kwi-0.5 m kwaye ungaze udlule kwi-1 m. Jonga uMzobo 08 (amagqabi ngaphezulu) umzekelo. Ii-SPDs ezifakwe kwi-intanethi (uthotho), ubude obukhokelayo phakathi komqhubi okhuselayo kunye ne-SPD kufanelekile ukuba ingagqithi kwi-0.5 m kwaye ingaze idlule kwi-1 m.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo
Ukufakwa kakubi kukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-SPDs. Ke ngoko, ukugcina ikhonkco lokudibanisa lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kubalulekile ukwandisa ukusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa i-voltages ezongezayo ezongezayo.

Ezona ndlela zintle zokuziqhelanisa nokwenza ikhabhathi, njengokuzibopha ngokudibanisa izikhokelo ngaphezulu kobude bazo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, usebenzisa iqhina lentambo okanye ukugoba komoya, kusebenza kakhulu ekurhoxiseni ukungasebenzi.

Umdibaniso we-SPD kunye nenqanaba lokukhusela elisezantsi (U_P), Kwaye imfutshane, iboshwe ngokuqinileyo ikhokelela ekuqinisekiseni ukufakelwa okuphezulu kwiimfuno ze-BS 7671.

Indawo enqamlezileyo yeekhondaktha ezixhumayo
Ii-SPDs ezidityaniswe kwimvelaphi yofakelo (ukungena kwenkonzo) i-BS 7671 ifuna ubuncinci bendawo enqamlezayo yecandelo le-SPDs zokudibanisa izikhokelo (zethusi okanye ezilinganayo) kwi-PEAbaqhubi ngokulandelelana babe:
16 mm²/ 6 mm² zohlobo lwe-1 SPDs
16 mm²/ 6 mm² zohlobo lwe-1 SPDs